| radioimmunotherapy with iodine-131 tositumomab in patients with low-grade non-hodgkin's b-cell lymphoma does not induce loss of acquired humoral immunity against common antigens. | thirty-one previously untreated patients with follicular low-grade b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphoma expressing the cd20 antigen were treated with iodine-131 tositumomab therapy between 1996 and 1998. the therapy led to a temporary depletion of peripheral blood b-lymphocytes. recovery of b-cells occurred in most cases by 3 to 6 months and in all patients by 12 months posttherapy. a temporary decline in t-cell subpopulations, but no reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels, could be observed. elisa t ... | 2001 | 11414744 |
| zoster in patients infected with hiv: a review. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a member of the human herpesvirus family, causes childhood chickenpox (varicella), becomes latent in sensory ganglia, and reactivates years later in immunocompromised and elderly persons to produce shingles (herpes zoster). early in the aids epidemic, zoster was noted in adults and children infected with hiv. severe and debilitating zoster-associated dermatological, ophthalmic, and neurological complications may occur in patients infected with hiv. antiviral therapy ... | 2001 | 11417752 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e epitope coding regions. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein e [ge] contains 623 amino acid residues. fifty percent of the ge gene, codons 39 to 344 that encompasses two epitope coding regions e1 and c1, was sequenced and analyzed for variation among the 30 vzv isolates. a total of eleven isolates showed variance when compared with dumas vzv strain sequence through base substitutions, with two isolates showing an amino acid change of tryptophan to arginine outside the coding regions of the epitopes e1 and c1 that ... | 2001 | 11427254 |
| progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome in a lymphoma patient with good visual outcome. | to report an hiv-negative lymphoma patient who developed progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome and who had a good visual outcome after treatment with two-drug antiviral therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin. | 2001 | 11438070 |
| varicella-zoster virus meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid hiv rna. | | 2001 | 11440237 |
| screening of patients with complex regional pain syndrome for antecedent infections. | this study was designed to investigate whether complex regional pain syndrome type i (crps i) could be linked to any previous infection. | 2001 | 11444711 |
| molecular diagnosis of visceral herpes zoster. | patients with disseminated herpes zoster may present with severe abdominal pain that results from visceral involvement of varicella-zoster-virus infection. in the absence of cutaneous eruptions of herpes zoster, visceral herpes zoster is extremely difficult to diagnose. this diagnostic difficulty has the potential to cause devastating delays in treatment. we report a case series of four patients with visceral herpes zoster in whom large concentrations of dna from varicella zoster virus were dete ... | 2001 | 11445106 |
| evidence for antigen-specific immune deviation in patients with acute retinal necrosis. | because experimental acute retinal necrosis (arn) induced by herpes simplex virus in mice develops only if mice fail to acquire virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh), although they produce antiviral antibodies (ie, anterior chamber-associated immune deviation), we sought to determine whether a similar inverse correlation exists for patients with varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-induced arn. | 2001 | 11448326 |
| the seroepidemiology of varicella in italy. | we conducted a seroepidemiological study to evaluate the potential impact of mass varicella vaccination on the transmission of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in italy, where vaccination is not mandatory. we tested 3179 serum samples, collected from september 1996 to october 1997, for specific anti-vzv antibodies using a commercially available elisa. the results confirmed that varicella typically involves children (82.1% seroprevalence among 10- to 14-year-olds) and that the mean age of acquiring t ... | 2001 | 11467800 |
| disseminated vaccine strain varicella as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness in a previously undiagnosed child. | the food and drug administration licensed a live-virus varicella vaccine (varivax; merck & co inc, west point, pa) in march 1995. prelicensure adverse events were minimal; however, since licensure and increased vaccine use, rare previously undetected risks have arisen. presented here is the clinical course of a previously undiagnosed, human immunodeficiency virus-infected boy who developed dissemination of the vaccine strain of varicella zoster after immunization. chickenpox, human immunodeficie ... | 2001 | 11483849 |
| varicella-zoster virus: molecular virology and virus-host interactions. | cosmid-based mutagenesis and methods to examine varicella-zoster virus (vzv) tropism for differentiated human cells in vivo provide new information about molecular mechanisms of vzv infection. how specific vzv gene products contribute to viral replication has been further defined, and effects of vzv on expression of cellular genes have been demonstrated. | 2001 | 11495809 |
| noncutaneous varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection with fatal liver failure in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). | | 2001 | 11496356 |
| [varicella zoster virus infection after bone marrow transplant. unusual presentation and importance of prevention]. | leukemeia and lymphoproliferative disease are associated with a high risk of varicela-zoster virus (vzv) infection. although infrequent, visceral involvement can be fatal. we report two cases of patients presenting severe vzv infection after bone marrow transplantation. | 2001 | 11505833 |
| varicella-zoster virus orf47 protein serine kinase: characterization of a cloned, biologically active phosphotransferase and two viral substrates, orf62 and orf63. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) codes for a protein serine kinase called orf47; the herpes simplex virus (hsv) homolog is ul13. no recombinant alphaherpesvirus serine kinase has been biologically active in vitro. we discovered that preservation of the intrinsic kinase activity of recombinant vzv orf47 required unusually stringent in vitro conditions, including physiological concentrations of polyamines. in this assay, orf47 phosphorylated two vzv regulatory proteins: the orf62 protein (homolog of h ... | 2001 | 11507231 |
| lightcycler multiplex pcr for the laboratory diagnosis of common viral infections of the central nervous system. | a conventional multiplex pcr assay that detects herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), hsv-2, varicella-zoster virus, and enteroviruses for the diagnosis of central nervous system infections was modified to be performed using the lightcycler system. the sensitivity of detection of each of the viruses using the lightcycler assay was compared to that of the conventional assay using external quality assessment material. the assays had equivalent sensitivities, but the lightcycler assay was more rapid ... | 2001 | 11526128 |
| development and validation of a gamma interferon elispot assay for quantitation of cellular immune responses to varicella-zoster virus. | cell-mediated immunity appears to be critical for the prevention and control of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection and complications arising from zoster. current assays of vzv-specific cell-mediated immunity are cumbersome or lack sensitivity. we have developed a gamma interferon elispot assay that provides a direct measure of the number of t cells secreting a cytokine following stimulation with antigen. this assay is extremely sensitive and specific, with the ability to detect gamma interfe ... | 2001 | 11527795 |
| comparison of chemicon simulfluor direct fluorescent antibody staining with cell culture and shell vial direct immunoperoxidase staining for detection of herpes simplex virus and with cytospin direct immunofluorescence staining for detection of varicella-zoster virus. | a new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay, the simulfluor direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) assay, which can simultaneously detect herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and -2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv), was evaluated in comparison with our current standard procedures of (i) shell vial direct immunoperoxidase (shell vial ip) staining and cell culture for detection of hsv and (ii) cytospin dfa staining for vzv detection. a total of 517 vesicular, oral, genital, and skin lesion specim ... | 2001 | 11527802 |
| the utility of serologic testing for varicella in an adolescent population. | the purpose of this study was to determine what proportion of adolescents without a history of varicella are seropositive, and if serologic testing of this adolescent subpopulation is cost-effective. we identified 122 patients with 'no' or 'unknown' histories of chicken pox from our adolescent clinic. of these, 58 (48%) were found to be varicella zoster virus (vzv) seropositive. cost to the government for batched serologic testing of all unknowns was $682.65, while each adolescent vaccinated cos ... | 2001 | 11535319 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic adjunct in herpesvirus infections of the nervous system. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a powerful technique that allows detection of minute quantities of dna or rna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf), vesicle and endoneurial fluids, blood, fresh-frozen, and even formalin-fixed tissues. various infectious agents can be detected with high specificity and sensitivity, including bacteria, parasites, rickettsia and viruses. pcr analysis of csf has revolutionized the diagnosis of nervous system viral infections, particularly those caused by human herpesvirus ... | 2001 | 11556691 |
| an animal model of varicella virus infection. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chickenpox in children; establishes latency in cranial nerve, dorsal root, and autonomic ganglia; and reactivates decades later to produce zoster. vzv produces disease only in humans. although attempts to produce disease and study vzv latency in experimentally infected animals have resulted in virus in trigeminal or dorsal root ganglia, no clinical signs of infection or reactivation developed. in contrast, simian varicella virus (svv) produces a naturally occu ... | 2001 | 11556693 |
| bicyclic furo pyrimidine nucleosides with aryloxyphenyl and halophenyl substituted side chains as potent and selective varicella-zoster virus inhibitors. | the discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of vzv based on unusual bicyclic alkyl furo pyrimidine nucleosides has been recently reported. modifications to the side-chain by addition of a phenyl group were found to further enhance the antiviral potency of these compounds. a series of alkoxyphenyl compounds (5a-5g) and two halophenyl derivatives (5h and 5i) were successfully synthesised and displayed anti-vzv activity at low microm concentrations. | 2001 | 11562959 |
| acyclic/carbocyclic guanosine analogues as anti-herpesvirus agents. | several guanosine analogues, i.e. acyclovir (and its oral prodrug valaciclovir), penciclovir (in its oral prodrug form, famciclovir) and ganciclovir, are widely used for the treatment of herpesvirus [i.e. herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), and type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and/or human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)] infections. in recent years, several new guanosine analogues have been developed, including the 3-membered cyclopropylmethyl and -methenyl derivatives (a-5021 and synguanol ... | 2001 | 11563039 |
| detection of varicella zoster virus dna in some patients with giant cell arteritis. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether an association exists between giant cell arteritis (gca) and the presence of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), by using histologic, molecular, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of temporal artery biopsy specimens. | 2001 | 11581201 |
| retinal periphlebitis as zoster sine herpete. | | 2001 | 11594964 |
| characterization of the dna polymerase gene of varicella-zoster viruses resistant to acyclovir. | the nucleotide changes of the dna polymerase gene and the susceptibility of acyclovir (acv)-resistant varicella-zoster virus (vzv) mutants to anti-herpetic drugs were determined and compared to those of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mutants. the seven acv-resistant vzv mutants were classified into three groups, n(779)s, g(805)c and v(855)m, according to the sequences of their dna polymerase genes. the amino acid substitutions n(779)s and g(805)c were identical in position to the n(815)s an ... | 2001 | 11602787 |
| outcome of varicella pneumonitis in immunocompetent adults requiring treatment in a high dependency unit. | the incidence of varicella infection is increasing in adults, where primary pneumonitis is the main complication. little information exists concerning treatment of those patients who require admission to a high dependency unit (hdu) facility. a study was performed to examine the risk factors for developing varicella pneumonitis (vp), to document disease progression and assess prognosis for patients with vp requiring hdu admission. | 2001 | 11676521 |
| [pupillary paresis. a rare complication of varicella zoster eye infection]. | pupillary paralysis and paresis of the peripheral facial nerve on the left side was found in a 68-year-old man with concussion and herpes zoster ophthalmicus on the left eye. post mortem examination showed no sign of intracranial hemorrhage. the cause of death was pulmonary oedema and aspiration. the neurological signs were probably caused by herpes zoster affection of the oculomotor and optic nerves in association with the facial nerve paresis induced by zoster. | 2001 | 11685858 |
| varicella-zoster virus gene expression in latently infected rat dorsal root ganglia. | latent infection of human ganglia with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is characterized by a highly restricted pattern of viral gene expression. to enhance understanding of this process we used in situ hybridization (ish) in a rat model of vzv latency to examine expression of rna corresponding to eight different vzv genes in rat dorsal root ganglia (drg) at various times after footpad inoculation with wild-type vzv. pcr in situ amplification was also used to determine the cell specificity of latent ... | 2001 | 11689044 |
| hamao umezawa memorial award lecture: "an odyssey in the viral chemotherapy field". | in the search of effective and selective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of viral infections, my "odyssey" brought me to explore a variety of approaches, encompassing interferon and interferon inducers, suramin and other polyanionic substances, s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridines such as (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, acyclovir (esters) and other acyclic guanosine analogues, 2',3'-dideoxyn ... | 2001 | 11691563 |
| [vesicular rash in a healthy five-month-old baby]. | | 2001 | 11709124 |
| prevalence of herpesviruses in cranial nerve ganglia. | a number of cranial nerve disorders are known to result from viral infection or reactivation, including bell's palsy, ramsay hunt syndrome and herpetic laryngitis. the consequences of these diseases are well established although the patient population at risk is not. prevalence studies in the general population are an initial step toward defining individuals at risk. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of herpesvirus dna in cranial nerve ganglia in a random population sample. q ... | 2001 | 11718247 |
| laboratory diagnosis of common herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system by a multiplex pcr assay. | a sensitive multiplex pcr assay for single-tube amplification that detects simultaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), human cytomegalovirus (cmv), and epstein-barr virus (ebv) is reported with particular emphasis on how the method was optimized and carried out and its sensitivity was compared to previously described assays. the assay has been used on a limited number of clinical samples and must be thoroughly evaluated in ... | 2001 | 11724856 |
| cv-1 and mrc-5 mixed cells for simultaneous detection of herpes simplex viruses and varicella zoster virus in skin lesions. | culture for varicella zoster virus (vzv) is relatively insensitive. herpes simplex viruses (hsv) culture methods, which rely on primary rabbit kidney (prk), mink lung (mv1lu) or the elvis hsv culture system fail to detect vzv. culture of atypical vesicular skin lesions should be able to detect both hsv and vzv. | 2002 | 11744427 |
| studies on shingles, is the virus ordinary chickenpox virus? | | 2002 | 11787080 |
| prolonged herpes zoster in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | in 1983, varicella zoster virus (vzv) disease was first recognized in the context of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). since that time, there have been many reports discussing the occurrence and clinical manifestations of hepes zoster in hiv-infected patients. we describe the development of prolonged herpes zoster in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) over the course of 104 days. viral isolates at the three different clinical stages of the skin lesions ... | 2001 | 11804069 |
| presumed reactivation of herpes zoster ophthalmicus following laser in situ keratomileusis. | to report a case of herpes zoster ophthalmicus reactivation following laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) for myopia. | 2002 | 11828912 |
| the acidic amino-terminal region of varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 4 protein is required for transactivation and can functionally replace the corresponding region of herpes simplex virus icp27. | both varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 4 (orf4) protein and its herpes simplex virus type 1 homolog icp27 have highly acidic amino-terminal regions and cysteine-rich carboxy-terminal regions. to investigate the functional domains of these proteins, mutants were constructed and their transregulatory functions were tested in transient expression assays using two reporter plasmids, ptk-cat-sv40a and ptk-cat-syna, containing the same promoter sequences but different mrna processing signals. ... | 1995 | 11831723 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus dna in throat swabs of patients with herpes zoster and on air purifier filters. | zoster patients are considered to be less contagious than those with varicella because their infectious lesions are localized. however, it is not known when the spread of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) from zoster patients begins, how long it continues, and how far the virus spreads from the zoster patients. twelve cases of hospitalized zoster patients were studied. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect vzv dna in samples taken from the surface of their eruptions, throats, and the ... | 2002 | 11857538 |
| opportunistic infections after renal transplantation. | opportunistic infection is a serious clinical complication in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. this article deals with some of the possible infectious agents that were recently encountered at our transplantation centre in düsseldorf, germany. opportunistic organsims such as human herpesviruses 6-8, polyomavirus, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster virus, nocardia and listeria monocytogenes are rare but severe complications that are presented in this overvie ... | 2002 | 11859257 |
| changes in age related seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus: impact on vaccine strategy. | to study changes in the seroprevalence of varicella zoster virus (vzv) antibody over the past 25 years with a view to determining the target age group for any future vaccination strategy. | 2002 | 11865016 |
| prevention and treatment of vzv infections in patients with hiv. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients are known to have a different disease spectrum from that seen in other types of patients. varicella in children with hiv infection is likely to be more serious than in otherwise healthy children and routine antiviral therapy is recommended. there is evidence that the development of varicella in hiv-infected children is not associated with progression to aids, suggesting that it may be safe to immunize ... | 2001 | 11867015 |
| [post-zoster granuloma with detection of varicella zoster virus dna in the granulomas]. | granulomatous skin changes following herpes zoster are uncommon and their pathogenesis is unclear. we demonstrated varicella-zoster virus in the granuloma tissue of an immunocompromised patient with postherpetic granulomas and use this finding as basis for discussing the pathogenesis of these lesions. | 2001 | 11910864 |
| phosphorylation of varicella-zoster virus ie63 protein by casein kinases influences its cellular localization and gene regulation activity. | during the early phase of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection, immediate early protein 63 (ie63) is expressed rapidly and abundantly in the nucleus, while during latency, this protein is confined mostly to the cytoplasm. because phosphorylation is known to regulate many cellular events, we investigated the importance of this modification on the cellular localization of ie63 and on its regulatory properties. we demonstrate here that cellular casein kinases i and ii are implicated in the in vit ... | 2002 | 11912195 |
| varicella vaccination in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. | we have studied serological and clinical response to live, attenuated varicella zoster virus (vzv) vaccine (varilrix, smithkline beecham) in 20 patients with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (ssns) in remission and 22 normal controls who had no history of varicella and no detectable antibody to vzv. nephrotic patients included 15 boys and 5 girls, with a mean age of 4.7 years (range 2-11.4 years). the controls were healthy age-matched children (13 girls and 9 boys). seventeen patients with s ... | 2002 | 11956856 |
| 6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]pyrimidines with antiviral activity. | 6-hydroxypyrimidines substituted at positions 2 and 4 by hydrogen, methyl, amino, cyclopropylamino, dimethylamino, methylsulfanyl, or hydroxyl group afford by the reaction with diisopropyl 2-(chloroethoxy)methylphosphonate in the presence of nah, cs(2)co(3), or dbu a mixture of n(1)- and o(6)-[2-(diisopropylphosphorylmethoxy)ethyl] isomers which were converted to the free phosphonic acids by treatment with bromotrimethylsilane followed by hydrolysis. analogously, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine ... | 2002 | 11960502 |
| lack of susceptibility of bicyclic nucleoside analogs, highly potent inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus, to the catabolic action of thymidine phosphorylase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. | the susceptibility of the bicyclic nucleoside analogs (bcnas), highly potent and selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), to the enzymes involved in nucleoside/nucleobase catabolism has been investigated in comparison with the established anti-vzv agent (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine [bvdu; brivudine (zostex)]. whereas human and bacterial thymidine phosphorylases (tpases) efficiently converted bvdu to its antivirally inactive free base (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (bvu), bcnas s ... | 2002 | 11961132 |
| no evidence of parvovirus b19, chlamydia pneumoniae or human herpes virus infection in temporal artery biopsies in patients with giant cell arteritis. | recent studies have suggested that infective agents may be involved in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (gca), in particular chlamydia pneumoniae and parvovirus b19. we investigated temporal arteries from patients with gca for these infections as well as human herpes viruses using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2002 | 11961176 |
| utility of a multiplex pcr assay for detecting herpesvirus dna in clinical samples. | a multiplex pcr was designed to amplify herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus dna present in a diverse range of clinical material. the susceptibility of these viruses to in vivo inhibition by at least one antiviral drug was an important consideration in their inclusion in the multiplex detection system. an aliquot of equine herpesvirus was introduced into each specimen prior to extraction and served as an indicator of potential inhibitors of the pcr and ... | 2002 | 11980951 |
| oesophagobronchial fistula caused by varicella zoster virus in a patient with aids: a unique case. | human herpesvirus oesophagitis in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients is caused by cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus; no cases of oesophagitis and oesophagobrochial fistula as a result of varicella zoster virus (vzv) have been reported to date. this report describes the case of a patient with a 2-3 mm deep oesophageal ulcer whose viral culture was positive for vzv. the patient was treated with acyclovir with resolution of the symptomatology. after the end of the induction treat ... | 2002 | 11986352 |
| varicella pneumonia: another 'steroid responsive' pneumonia? | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) pneumonitis remains an often-fatal complication of vzv infection. antiviral agents and supportive care are widely accepted therapies. cautious use of corticosteroids in life-threatening vzv pneumonitis may be justified. appropriate patient selection factors are as yet unidentified and the decision to commence corticosteroid therapy in this setting is clinical. | 2002 | 12017381 |
| sugar-modified conjugated diene analogues of adenosine and uridine: synthesis, interaction with s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase, and antiviral and cytostatic effects. | moffatt oxidation of 2',3'-o-isopropylideneuridine (1a) and treatment of the crude 5'-aldehyde with formylmethylene-stabilized wittig reagent gave the vinylogously extended 7'-aldehyde2a. condensation of 2a with ethoxycarbonyl- or dibromomethylene phosphorane reagents gave the conjugated dienes 6a and 4a, respectively. deacetonization gave diene ester 7a [5'(e),7'(e); with s-trans conformation] and dibromodiene 5a [5'(e)], respectively. analogously, 2',3'-o-isopropylideneadenosine (1b) was witti ... | 2002 | 12036374 |
| verrucous herpes virus infection in human immunodeficiency virus patients. | two cases of varicella-zoster virus infection that were clinically and pathologically verrucous are reported. although this phenomenon has previously been described in the dermatology literature, it has not, to our knowledge, been described in the pathology literature. it is important that pathologists are aware of these uncommon but histologically distinctive lesions. | 1996 | 12046608 |
| guillain-barré syndrome after varicella zoster virus infections. a case report. | the case of a 13 year-old patient affected by guillain-barré syndrome developed after varicella zoster virus infection is reported. cerebrospinal fluid examination and motor and sensory conduction velocity were consistent with gbs. antibodies against gangliosides gm1 were present; it is likely that some of these may play an important role in the pathogenesis of syndrome after varicella infection. the therapy was carried out with increasing high-doses of immunoglobulins, with full clinical recove ... | 2002 | 12070486 |
| mononucleosis syndrome and acute monocytic leukemia. | the association of infectious mononucleosis and an immunocompromised host such as occurs in acute leukemia is reported. the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis is epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv). patients with mononucleosis syndrome caused by other agents are rare. we report a case of acute monocytic leukemia (amol) who developed varicella zoster virus (vzv) mononucleosis syndrome in the bone marrow recovery phase after myelosuppression due to high-dose cytarabine. m ... | 2002 | 12071940 |
| laboratory diagnosis of central nervous system infections caused by herpesviruses. | herpesviruses may be associated with various types of central nervous system (cns) infections. herpes simplex encephalitis (hse) has to be considered one of the most severe diseases. as effective antiviral drugs are available, rapid and reliable diagnosis has become important. | 2002 | 12091081 |
| herpes consensus pcr test: a useful diagnostic approach to the screening of viral diseases of the central nervous system. | infections of the central nervous system (cns) are a difficult diagnostic problem for both clinicians and microbiologists. various clinical signs, such as encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, may be associated with herpesviruses. the use of multiplex 'herpes consensus' polymerase chain reaction (hc-pcr) in association with nested pcr (npcr), in addition to classical techniques, made it possible to optimise the management of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples from patients affected by the ... | 2002 | 12091084 |
| diagnosis of herpesvirus infections of the central nervous system. | human herpesviruses may cause infections of the central nervous system (cns). the early diagnosis of herpesvirus-associated neurological diseases is of high importance. | 2002 | 12091085 |
| use of an inactivated varicella vaccine in recipients of hematopoietic-cell transplants. | the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus from latency causes zoster and is common among recipients of hematopoietic-cell transplants. | 2002 | 12097537 |
| the effect of vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) causes chickenpox (varicella) on primary exposure and can reactivate later in life to cause shingles (zoster). as primary infection is more serious in adults than children, and exposure to the virus might boost the immune response to both chickenpox and shingles, there are two main concerns regarding infant vzv vaccination: that it could lead to an increase in adult disease; and/or that it could lead to a temporary increase in the incidence of shingles. this paper re ... | 2002 | 12099726 |
| posttransplant viral syndromes in pediatric patients: a review. | the success of pediatric solid organ transplantation has been largely due to advancements in surgical techniques, technology, and preoperative and postoperative care. potent immunosuppression continues to reduce the incidence and severity of rejection, and improve long-term survival. however, there is growing awareness of the role immunosuppression plays in contributing to the incidence of cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, and epstein-barr virus-associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative d ... | 2002 | 12123172 |
| glycoprotein i of varicella-zoster virus is required for viral replication in skin and t cells. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein i (gi) is dispensable in cell culture; the scidhu model of vzv pathogenesis was used to determine whether gi is necessary in vivo. the parental and repaired viruses grew in human skin and thymus/liver implants, but the gi deletion mutant was not infectious. thus, gi is essential for vzv infectivity in skin and t cells. | 2002 | 12134050 |
| outbreaks of disease suspected of being due to human monkeypox virus infection in the democratic republic of congo in 2001. | seven outbreaks of disease characterized by a pustular rash and suspected to have been caused by human monkeypox virus were investigated. the outbreaks occurred between february and august 2001 in the province of equateur in the democratic republic of congo. the outbreaks involved a total of 31 persons and caused five deaths. specimens from 14 patients were available and were analyzed by electron microscopy, virus isolation, and pcr assays specific for monkeypox virus and varicella-zoster virus. ... | 2002 | 12149352 |
| frequency of congenital varicella syndrome in a prospective cohort of 347 pregnant women. | to estimate the rate of congenital varicella zoster virus syndrome in neonates born to women developing varicella zoster virus infections during pregnancy. | 2002 | 12151147 |
| naturally acquired simian varicella virus infection in african green monkeys. | simian varicella virus (svv) infection of primates shares clinical, pathological, immunological, and virological features with varicella-zoster virus infection of humans. natural varicella infection was simulated by exposing four svv-seronegative monkeys to monkeys inoculated intratracheally with svv, in which viral dna and rna persist in multiple tissues for more than 1 year (t. m. white, r. mahalingam, v. traina-dorge, and d. h. gilden, j. neurovirol. 8:191-205, 2002). the four naturally expos ... | 2002 | 12163574 |
| detection of varicella zoster virus dna in tear fluid and saliva of patients with ramsay hunt syndrome. | to clarify the dynamics of the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in ramsay hunt syndrome. | 2002 | 12170168 |
| herpes zoster by reactivated vaccine varicella zoster virus in a healthy child. | varicella can be prevented by vaccination using the live-attenuated oka vaccine strain of varicella zoster virus (vzv). only mild breakthrough disease has been reported in seronegative vaccinees when exposed to the wild-type virus. the latent varicella vaccine virus has rarely caused herpes zoster in childhood and adolescence. we report a healthy 2-year-old girl who developed an impressive herpes zoster infection 16 months after vaccination, localised in three cervical dermatoma. as causative vi ... | 2002 | 12172829 |
| varlirix (glaxosmithkline). | glaxosmithkline (formerly smithkline beecham) has developed and launched varilrix, a preparation of live, attenuated oka-strain varicella zoster virus, for immunization against varicella zoster infections [455138]. by the end of 1998, varilrix was available in a few european countries and in india [284490], [455138]. by 2001, the vaccine was also available in brazil and hong kong [396267]. | 2002 | 12186278 |
| neurovisual manifestations of herpesviruses. | | 2002 | 12189613 |
| [study on the etiology of herpes viral encephalitis in changsha area]. | to study the relationship between herpes viral infection and viral encephalitis. | 2000 | 12212203 |
| vaccination with varicella protects against zoster infection. | | 2002 | 12217782 |
| histologic and in situ viral findings in the myocardium in cases of sudden, unexpected death. | the purpose of this study was to do in situ viral detection in myocardial tissues of individuals who suffered sudden unexpected death and to correlate the results with the postmortem histopathologic findings. thirteen cases were identified and the heart tissues were analyzed for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), influenza a, influenza b, parvovirus, rotavirus, picornavirus (including separate primers for enterov ... | 2002 | 12218208 |
| varicella zoster viraemia during herpes zoster is not associated with neoplasia. | shingles are caused by an endogenous or exogenous reinfection with varicella zoster virus (vzv). up to 50% of individuals with hodgkin's disease develop herpes zoster; however, no association could be shown between the occurrence of herpes zoster and underlying subclinical malignancies. | 2002 | 12224692 |
| [necrosis of the nose tip]. | | 2002 | 12233008 |
| chickenpox and the geniculate ganglion: facial nerve palsy, ramsay hunt syndrome and acyclovir treatment. | facial nerve palsy has long been considered to have an infectious etiology. recent diagnostic analyses in children and adults have provided convincing evidence that reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), sometimes during infectious mononucleosis, can lead to cranial nerve vii palsy. the site of reactivation from latency is the geniculate ganglion. virus most likely enters the ganglion during chickenpox, via the sensory branches of the facial nerve located on the ear and tongue. retrospect ... | 2002 | 12237590 |
| varicella-zoster virus: atypical presentations and unusual complications. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is the etiologic agent of varicella (primary infection) and herpes zoster (reactivation of latent infection). although varicella is most often a relatively benign and self-limited childhood illness, the disease can be associated with a variety of serious and potentially lethal complications in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. one complication of varicella that appears to be increasing in frequency is serious bacterial soft tissue infections caused ... | 2002 | 12353193 |
| visceral varicella zoster after bone marrow transplantation: an obscure cause of an "acute abdomen". | | 2002 | 12353837 |
| rapid molecular discrimination between infection with wild-type varicella-zoster virus and varicella vaccine virus. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection is immunocompromised patients may cause life-threatening complications. prevention measures include administration of vzv immuloglobulin, acyclovir and live attenuated varicella vaccine. after vaccination, a mild varicella-like exanthem appears in up to 5% of vaccinees. morphologically this exanthem cannot be differentiated from wild-type (wt) varicella. the risk of virus transmission after varicella vaccination, in contrast to wt varicella, is low, even in ... | 2002 | 12382096 |
| tropism of varicella-zoster virus for human tonsillar cd4(+) t lymphocytes that express activation, memory, and skin homing markers. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is an alphaherpesvirus with the characteristic neurotropism of this group, but vzv also infects t cells productively and downregulates major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i expression on infected t cells, as shown in the scid-hu mouse model. t-cell tropism is likely to be critical for the cell-associated viremia associated with primary vzv infection. in these experiments, we found that vzv infects human tonsillar cd4(+) t cells in culture, with 15 to 25% bei ... | 2002 | 12388703 |
| comparison of the complete dna sequences of the oka varicella vaccine and its parental virus. | the dna sequences of the oka varicella vaccine virus (v-oka) and its parental virus (p-oka) were completed. comparison of the sequences revealed 42 base substitutions, which led to 20 amino acid conversions and length differences in tandem repeat regions (r1, r3, and r4) and in an origin of dna replication. amino acid substitutions existed in open reading frames (orfs) 6, 9a, 10, 21, 31, 39, 50, 52, 55, 59, 62, and 64. of these, 15 base substitutions, leading to eight amino acid substitutions, w ... | 2002 | 12388706 |
| responses of varicella zoster virus (vzv)-specific immunity in seropositive adults after inhalation of inactivated or live attenuated varicella vaccine. | to examine boostering of varicella zoster virus (vzv)-specific immunity in seropositive adults after nasal inhalation of heat-inactivated or live attenuated varicella vaccine, we determined specific cellular immunity, igg antibody in sera and secretory iga antibody in saliva before and after the inhalation. the mean titers in specific igg antibody and skin test findings significantly increased following inhalation of both vaccines. however, the ratio of a two-fold or more increase in the levels ... | 2002 | 12399190 |
| herpes viruses hedge their bets. | static latency is the hallmark of all herpes viruses. the varicella zoster virus, for instance, causes varicella (chickenpox), and after a latent phase of between 5 and 40 years, it can give rise to herpes zoster (shingles). this latency and the subsequent reactivation has intrigued and puzzled virologists. although several factors have been suggested, it is unknown what triggers reactivation. however, latency can be explained with a simple evolutionary model. here, we demonstrate that a simple, ... | 2002 | 12409612 |
| can varicella be eliminated by vaccination? potential clinical and economic effects of universal childhood varicella immunisation in germany. | varicella is a potentially serious infection not only in immunocompromised individuals but also in otherwise healthy adults and children. vaccination plays an important role in preventing the disease and its sequelae. a universal vaccination in childhood is expected to reduce substantially the number of uncomplicated cases of varicella and decrease the number of complicated cases requiring hospitalisation. to generate data as basis for decisions of the health authorities concerning prevention of ... | 2002 | 12410347 |
| two patients with unusual forms of varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy. | | 2002 | 12421892 |
| torch agents in pregnant saudi women. | to determine the seroprevalence rates of igg to common torch agents in pregnant saudi women using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 2002 | 12424411 |
| physical and functional interaction between the varicella zoster virus ie63 and ie62 proteins. | the varicella zoster virus (vzv) ie63 protein is required for growth of the virus in cell culture and is expressed during both lytic and latent phases of vzv infection. we have investigated the physical and functional interaction of this protein with the major vzv transactivating protein ie62. the region of the ie63 protein required for interaction with the ie62 protein has been identified and encompasses the n-terminal 142 amino acids. we have found that the interaction is stable at physiologic ... | 2002 | 12429517 |
| viral titers and delayed facial palsy after acoustic neuroma surgery. | delayed facial palsy (dfp) after acoustic neuroma surgery has been reported to occur in up to one third of cases. reactivation of latent virus has been proposed as an etiology for dfp. however, only retrospective case reports and case series have offered data to support this theory. the objective of this study was to correlate dfp with change in viral titers. patients and methods: twenty consecutive patients who underwent acoustic neuroma surgery were prospectively evaluated for viral titers imm ... | 2002 | 12447236 |
| role of cidofovir in the treatment of dna virus infections, other than cmv infections, in immunocompromised patients. | cidofovir is a nucleotide analog marketed for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. an increasing number of reports have appeared on the use of cidofovir for the treatment of other severe dna virus infections in immunocompromised patients. the activity of cidofovir against herpes simplex viruses resistant to classic (acyclovir and/or foscavir) therapy has been widely documented. cidofovir has also been used for the treatment of other herpesvirus infecti ... | 2002 | 12476953 |
| promoter sequences of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein i targeted by cellular transactivating factors sp1 and usf determine virulence in skin and t cells in scidhu mice in vivo. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein i is dispensable in cell culture but necessary for infection of human skin and t cells in scidhu mice in vivo. the gi promoter contains an activating upstream sequence that binds the cellular transactivators specificity factor 1 (sp1) and upstream stimulatory factor (usf) and an open reading frame 29 (orf29)-responsive element (29re), which mediates enhancement by orf29 dna binding protein of immediate-early 62 (ie62)-induced transcription. recombinants, ... | 2003 | 12477854 |
| outbreak of varicella at a day-care center despite vaccination. | in seven studies of the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine conducted since it was licensed, the effectiveness was 71 to 100 percent against disease of any severity and 95 to 100 percent against moderate and severe disease. we investigated an outbreak of varicella in a population of children with a high proportion of vaccinees who were attending a day-care center in a small community in new hampshire. | 2002 | 12477940 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus in pseudoexfoliation syndrome and exfoliation glaucoma. | the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (pex) remains unknown. an infection, possibly viral, is one of the proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. this study examines the presence of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in iris and anterior capsule specimens of pex and non-pex patients. | 2002 | 12485281 |
| association of hla-a*3303-b*4403-drb1*1302 haplotype, but not of tnfa promoter and nkp30 polymorphism, with postherpetic neuralgia (phn) in the japanese population. | herpes zoster is a common disease caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (vzv). in a small number of herpes zoster patients, pain persists beyond 4 weeks or more after healing of vesicular eruptions; this condition is termed postherpetic neuralgia (phn). positive associations of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (hla) class i antigens, a33 and b44, with phn in the japanese population have been reported. our hypothesis is that susceptibility genes to phn might exist in the ... | 2002 | 12486606 |
| the protean manifestations of varicella-zoster virus vasculopathy. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) vasculopathy in the central nervous system (cns) affects large and small cerebral vessels. large-vessel disease is most common in immunocompetent individuals, whereas small-vessel disease usually develops in immunocompromised patients. in some patients, both large and small vessels are involved. neurological features are protean. neurological disease often occurs months after zoster and sometimes without any history of zoster rash. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) sc ... | 2002 | 12491155 |
| varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 21, which is expressed during latency, is essential for virus replication but dispensable for establishment of latency. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 21 (orf21) is one of at least five vzv genes expressed in latently infected human and rodent ganglia. to determine whether orf21 is required for latent and lytic infection, we deleted 99% of orf21 from the viral genome. the orf21 deletion mutant virus could be propagated only in a cell line expressing the orf21 protein. insertion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) homolog of vzv orf21, hsv-1 ul37, into the orf21 deletion mutant failed to co ... | 2003 | 12502838 |
| development of a multiplex rt-pcr to detect transcription of varicella-zoster virus encoded genes. | the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is used commonly to analyse transcription of genes. in the field of virology it is an extremely helpful method to analyse the transcriptional activity of both, dna and rna viruses. the standard rt-pcr allows an investigation of the activity of only one gene. here, we describe the development of a sensitive multiplex rt-pcr assay for single tube amplification to analyse a set of different genes encoded by the varicella-zoster virus (vzv ... | 2003 | 12505641 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a rapid diagnostic tool for therapy of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | herpesviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (arn). a rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpetic infections is crucial for prompt administration of a specific antiviral therapy. the purpose of this study was to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay to detect herpesvirus dna in the aqueous humor of clinical samples from ten patients with uveitis and clinical suspicion of arn. samples were assayed for herpes simplex virus type 1-2 (hsv 1-2), vari ... | 2003 | 12526051 |
| which children and adults should receive the chickenpox vaccine? | chickenpox vaccine is safe and effective and elicits long-standing immunity. primary care physicians caring for children and adults should be aware of its benefits. | 2002 | 12546274 |
| identification of small molecule compounds that selectively inhibit varicella-zoster virus replication. | a series of nonnucleoside, n-alpha-methylbenzyl-n'-arylthiourea analogs were identified which demonstrated selective activity against varicella-zoster virus (vzv) but were inactive against other human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus. representative compounds had potent activity against vzv early-passage clinical isolates and an acyclovir-resistant isolate. resistant viruses generated against one inhibitor were also resistant to other compounds in the series, suggesting that this gr ... | 2003 | 12551972 |
| the role of solar ultraviolet irradiation in zoster. | ultraviolet radiation (uvr) suppresses many aspects of cell-mediated immunity but it is uncertain whether solar uv exposure alters resistance to human infectious diseases. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes varicella (chickenpox) and can reactivate from latency to cause zoster (shingles). the monthly incidence of chickenpox and zoster in a defined polish population over 2 years was recorded and ground level solar uv was measured daily. there was a significant seasonality of uvr. evidence of sea ... | 2002 | 12558343 |
| the out of africa model of varicella-zoster virus evolution: single nucleotide polymorphisms and private alleles distinguish asian clades from european/north american clades. | until 1998, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was generally considered sufficiently stable to allow the use of a single sequenced virus (vzv-dumas) as a consensual representation of the world vzv genotype. but recent investigations have uncovered a ge mutant virus called vzv-msp with a second genotype and a distinguishable accelerated cell spread phenotype. a subsequent study suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) could be applied toward the genetic analysis of the vzv genome. to furth ... | 2003 | 12559782 |
| diagnosing herpesvirus infections by real-time amplification and rapid culture. | procedures using real-time technique were developed to demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2, varicella zoster virus (vzv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) in miscellaneous clinical specimens. the assays were compared to rapid culture using centrifugation followed by detection with monoclonal antibodies. a total of 711 consecutive samples were collected from different patient groups. throat swabs were obtained from transplant patients; dermal or oral specimens were ... | 2003 | 12574249 |