| late onset opportunistic infections in a renal allograft recipient: a case report. | in renal allograft recipients, infection disease complications remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality during the post-transplant period. this complication occurs more frequently from 1 to 6 months after transplant. the epidemiology of infection during the postoperative period is less well characterized, because recipients routinely reside at home. we describe a case of late onset candida albicans and hsv-1 esophagitis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, that occurs 9 years after r ... | 2004 | 15316301 |
| imaging of unusual diffuse lung diseases. | computed tomography scans are commonly used in imaging lung diseases. as more information accumulates, patterns of rare or new diseases on ct scans are being increasingly reported. several pulmonary diseases have distinguishing features, which are better delineated on high resolution ct scans than plain chest radiographs. the radiographic features of unusual diffuse lung diseases published in the past two years are described. | 2004 | 15316437 |
| severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome associated with colonic stenosis. | this is the first report in mexico of a case of severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (scid) associated with colonic stenosis. the patient was an 8-month-old mexican female who died at this age. she suffered infections due to microorganisms such as mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacille calmette-guérin (bcg), candida sp., and pneumocystis carinii; and had frequent diarrhea. she was hiv-negative without familial history of immunodeficiency. the aim of the work was to analyze the immunologic stat ... | 2004 | 15325511 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection. update and review. | to review and update the literature on current trends with regard to pneumocystis carinii (jiroveci ) diagnosis, treatment modalities, and its role in human disease processes. | 2004 | 15335253 |
| cases from the osler medical service at johns hopkins university. diagnosis: p. carinii pneumonia and primary pulmonary sporotrichosis. | presenting features: a 53-year-old man who had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) presented to the johns hopkins hospital with a 3-month history of increasing dysphagia, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, and an episode of syncope. his past medical history was notable for oral and presumptive esophageal candidiasis that was treated with fluconazole 6 months prior to presentation. three months prior to presentation, he discontinued his medications, and his symptoms of dysphagia recurred. during that tim ... | 2004 | 15336585 |
| pentamidine-induced long qt syndrome and block of herg trafficking. | the diamidine pentamidine is used to treat leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. treatment may be accompanied by prolongation of the qt interval of the electrocardiogram and torsades de pointes tachycardias. up to now, it has been thought that therapeutic compounds causing qt prolongation are associated with direct block of the cardiac potassium channel human ether a-go-go-related gene (herg), which encodes the alpha subunit of cardiac i(kr) currents. we show that p ... | 2005 | 15340016 |
| pcr diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii on sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in immuno-compromised patients. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was compared with wright-giemsa (wg), gomori methenamine silver (gms) stains and an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for detection of pneumocystis carinii in immuno-compromised patients. specimens of 21 bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) and 139 sputum samples, were obtained from 157 patients (38 with aids and 119 with hiv) from four hospitals in khon kaen, thailand. a true positive required at least two positives by techniques considered gold standard test ... | 2004 | 15340838 |
| novel bisbenzamidines as potential drug candidates for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a series of pentamidine congeners has been synthesized and screened for their in vitro activity against pneumocystis carinii. among the tested compounds, bisbenzamidines linked by a flexible pentanediamide or hexanediamide chain (7 and 9) emerged as exceptionally potent agents that were more effective and less toxic than pentamidine in the assays described in this study. | 2004 | 15357989 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient without a predisposing illness: case report and review. | a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient without an underlying immunosuppressing condition is reported, and 12 other previously reported cases are reviewed. when compared with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in association with aids and in other immunosuppressing conditions, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without predisposing conditions resembles more closely that seen in immunosuppressing conditions other than aids. | 2004 | 15370678 |
| the fungal dna examination is useful as a sensitive parameter for the initiation and the quit of antifungal therapy in immunocompromised pediatric patients after surgery. | the purpose of this study is whether the fungal deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) examination is useful as a sensitive parameter for pediatric surgical patients with mycosis. the eleven episodes of five cases (4 cases; progressive liver disease after biliary atresia operation, 1 case; short bowel syndrome and long term total parenteral nutrition with megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome) with mycosis were divided into two groups according to the difference of therapeutic protocols ... | 2004 | 15373229 |
| unique biosynthesis of dehydroquinic acid? | a search of the genomic sequences of the thermophilic microorganisms aquifex aeolicus, archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and methanococcus jannaschii for the first seven enzymes (arog, b, d, e, k, a, and c ) involved in the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway reveal two key enzymes are missing. the first enzyme in the pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase (arog) and the second enzyme in the pathway, 5-dehydroquinic acid synthase (arob) are " ... | 2004 | 15381397 |
| enhanced lung injury and delayed clearance of pneumocystis carinii in surfactant protein a-deficient mice: attenuation of cytokine responses and reactive oxygen-nitrogen species. | surfactant protein a (sp-a), a member of the collectin family, selectively binds to pneumocystis carinii and mediates interactions between pathogen and host alveolar macrophages in vitro. to test the hypothesis that mice lacking sp-a have delayed clearance of pneumocystis organisms and enhanced lung injury, wild-type c57bl/6 (wt) and sp-a-deficient mice (sp-a(-/-)) with or without selective cd4(+)-t-cell depletion were intratracheally inoculated with pneumocystis organisms. four weeks later, cd4 ... | 2004 | 15385504 |
| methemoglobinemia in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) receiving dapsone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis: a correlation with cytochrome b5 reductase (cb5r) enzyme levels. | dapsone is commonly used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. methemoglobinemia is a known complication of dapsone, but its true frequency and pathogenesis in childhood cancer patients are unknown. additionally, practice guidelines for evaluation and management of dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia are not available. | 2005 | 15390276 |
| interstitial plasmacell pneumonia with pneumocystis carinii. | | 1956 | 15444974 |
| treatment and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | without treatment, pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis is almost always fatal in the immunocompromised host. here, walter hughes discusses proven and potential treatments, and methods of chemoprophylaxis in high-risk patients. two drugs, pentamidine isethionate and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole, are equally effective therapeutically - permitting the recovery of approximately 75% of patients - but the latter drug combination is preferred because of its lower toxicity and fewer adverse effects. the pn ... | 1987 | 15462879 |
| parasite infections in aids. | 'illnesses no one's got' was the epidemiological clue that led to the identification of aids as a new disease in 1981 when a rare infectious organism pneumocystis carinii was seen in previously healthy homosexuals. since then a wide range of parasite infections has been recognized in aids patients. however, these patients are not susceptible to just any passing parasite. the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) produces a specific immune defect and only parasites that can exploit that defect will ... | 1989 | 15463136 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii is the prime opportunistic pathogen of our time, the leading cause of fatal pneumonia in the increasing number of immunosuppressed subjects encountered on oncology and transplant programmes' and in subjects with the acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids). | 1989 | 15463222 |
| atovaquone - a novel broad-spectrum anti-infective drug. | atovoquone is a novel hydroxynaphthoquinone that is currently showing clinical promise for the treatment of malaria and the aids-associated diseases pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplosmosis. the drug is the end product of half a century of research by numerous groups who have investigated the ontiporositic properties of many related compounds. atovaquone is the only member of the series to show therapeutic activity in humans when taken orally. in this article, alan hudson explores the ba ... | 1993 | 15463712 |
| predictors of survival in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in italy, 1983 to 1995. | to evaluate length and predictors of survival among children with aids, 529 pediatric cases diagnosed in italy from 1983 to august 1995 were reviewed. data were analyzed using kaplan-meier curves and the cox proportional hazards regression model. various survival patterns were subsequently analyzed. all survival analyses were truncated on march 1, 1996. cases were examined by gender, age at diagnosis, hiv transmission category, type and number of the first aids-defining diseases, level of immuno ... | 1998 | 15468435 |
| prisoners' knowledge and attitude toward prophylactic treatment and therapy. | identifying factors that hinder an inmate's compliance with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis therapy can be critical in preventing or decreasing the occurrence of pcp in this population. anticipated factors include lack of knowledge about pcp and its proposed treatment, fear of the adverse effects of prophylaxis therapy, and lack of trust in the correctional facility medical team. structured interviews were administered to hiv-positive male inmates chosen randomly (n = 104) at a ... | 1998 | 15468444 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during maintenance anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy with infliximab for crohn's disease. | clinical trials using infliximab have not reported cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and pcp infection during standard medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon. postmarketing surveillance through june of 2001 has identified 10 cases of pcp occurring during treatment with infliximab; 3 patients died. | 2004 | 15472531 |
| prevalence of dihydropteroate synthase mutants in hiv-infected south african children with pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. | pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected infants in africa, but the prevalence of mutations in the gene encoding dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) in isolates from africa has not been reported. | 2004 | 15472859 |
| bronchoscopy in adults at a tertiary care centre: indications and complications. | fibreoptic bronchoscopy (fob) helps in visualisation of the endobronchial tree. fibreoptic bronchoscopies were done in 429 cases between january 1999 and january 2000 [322 men (75.1%) and 107 women (24.9%)]. patients were between 12 and 89 years of age (mean+/- sd = 49 +/- 15.1 years). of which, 196 (45.7%) had lung cancer and 233 (54.4%) had non-malignant disease [tuberculosis (tb) 26, miliary tb 16, non-resolving pneumonia 29, atypical pneumonia 10, bronchiectasis 11, aspergillosis 12, sarcoid ... | 2004 | 15473275 |
| pneumocystis carinii in children with severe pneumonia at mulago hospital, uganda. | the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), its clinical and radiological features and the outcome in 121 children aged 2-60 months presenting with severe pneumonia over a 2-month period at mulago hospital, kampala are described. children presenting with severe pneumonia had sputum induction using 3% hypertonic saline. the sputum was stained using pcp monoclonal antibodies and viewed with fluorescent microscopy. twenty children with confirmed pcp were compared with 101 without pcp. t ... | 2004 | 15479572 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with oral candidiasis after infliximab therapy for crohn's disease. | | 2004 | 15481319 |
| can data from an electronic medical record identify which patients with pneumonia have pneumocystis carinii infection? | pneumocystis carinii is the leading opportunistic pulmonary infection in hiv-infected patients. invasive diagnostic procedures might be avoided if available electronic data can accurately identify patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp). | 2004 | 15491925 |
| [ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in the non-human immunodeficiency virus infection: a report of 5 cases]. | to comprehend ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) caused by pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii-vap) in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients. | 2004 | 15500775 |
| passive immunization of neonatal mice against pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris enhances control of infection without stimulating inflammation. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. infants appear to be particularly susceptible to infection with pneumocystis. we have previously shown that there is a significant delay in clearance of the organisms from the lungs of neonatal mice compared to adults. since alveolar macrophages are the effector cells responsible for killing and clearance of pneumocystis, we have examined alveolar macrophage activity ... | 2004 | 15501746 |
| pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii). | | 2004 | 15504226 |
| highly active anti-pneumocystis carinii compounds in a library of novel piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines and related compounds. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate have been used extensively for the prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jirovecii. problems associated with toxicity and potential emerging resistance for both therapies necessitate the development of safe and effective analogs or new treatment strategies. in the present study, a library of 36 compounds was synthesized by using the pentamidine molecule as the parent compound modified by a 1,4-piperazinediyl moiety a ... | 2004 | 15504843 |
| assessment of clinical case-definition for hiv/aids in tanzania. | to evaluate the usefulness of world health organisation (who's) clinical case-definition (ccd) for aids in a private hospital. | 2004 | 15508335 |
| [fatal opportunistic infection following disappearance of antibodies by immunosuppressive therapy in a patient with acquired factor viii inhibitor]. | an 83-year-old man without history of the hemorrhagic diathesis was admitted to our hospital with a 4-months history of purpura and subcutaneous hematoma. he had an extraordinarily prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, and his factor viii (f viii) activity level was 0.2%. a study revealed the existence of an igg type anti-f viii inhibitor at a titer of 1004 bethesda units/ml. he received recombinant factor viia and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and cycl ... | 2004 | 15510829 |
| concurrent granulomatous pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia: an unusual manifestation of hiv immune reconstitution disease. | this report of concurrent granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (gpcp) and mycobacterium xenopi pneumonia (mxip) in a patient with advanced hiv disease 3-5 weeks after commencing antiretroviral therapy (art) fits the syndrome of hiv immune reconstitution/restoration disease (ird). it may also be a unique window into the immunology of granulomatous inflammation. | 2004 | 15516479 |
| spectrum of severe infections in an asian renal transplant population. | infections in renal transplant recipients (rtx) account for 26% of hospitalization days annually and 40% of overall mortalities. a retrospective study of infections requiring hospitalization occurring among 725 asian rtx in 2002 was performed. results: serious infections requiring at least one hospitalization occurred in 9.2% of rtx (n = 67). multiple pathogens affected 28.4% of patients, resulting in 118 infectious episodes during 93 hospitalizations. mean age of affected patients was 48 years ... | 2004 | 15518724 |
| high seroprevalence of pneumocystis infection in spanish children. | pneumocystis infection occurs worldwide, and most individuals test seropositive for pneumocystis early in childhood. little is known about the epidemiology of this infection in western europe. the seroprevalence of pneumocystis infection in 233 spanish children was determined in a community study by immunoblot analysis of sera. the overall seroprevalence was 73%, with an age-related increase from 52% at 6 years to 66% at 10 years and 80% at 13 years. the data indicated a high seroprevalence of p ... | 2004 | 15522012 |
| therapy of refractory pemphigus vulgaris with monoclonal anti-cd20 antibody (rituximab). | three patients with refractory pemphigus vulgaris improved after rituximab, an anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody directed against b cells. treatment was well tolerated immediately, but one patient developed fatal pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. serious infections have occurred in several pemphigus patients treated with rituximab and immunosuppressive medications, warranting further evaluation of risk-benefit ratio. | 2004 | 15523367 |
| interstitial pneumonitis and coinfection of human herpesvirus 6 and pneumocystis carinii in a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) has occasionally been associated with cases of interstitial pneumonitis, mainly in individuals with impaired cellular immunity. here we report for the first time severe interstitial pneumonitis with simultaneous hhv-6 and pneumocystis carinii infections in the lung tissue of a young patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. | 2004 | 15528760 |
| cloning of the pneumocystis jirovecii trifunctional fas gene and complementation of its dhps activity in escherichia coli. | pneumocystis pneumonia or pcp is caused by pneumocystis jirovecii, an obligate parasite of the human lung. in this study p. jirovecii genomic sequence encoding fas, a trifunctional protein including dihydroneopterin aldolase (dhna), hydroxymethyldihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (pppk) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) were identified by pcr amplification from fixed broncheolar lavage samples from patients having pneumocystis pneumonia. the p. jirovecii trifunctional dhna-pppk-dhps genes (pjfas) ... | 2004 | 15531210 |
| respiratory manifestations in hiv-infected children pre- and post-haart in abidjan, the ivory coast. | among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), respiratory diseases are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. this review describes respiratory manifestations of paediatric hiv infection before and after the beginning of haart in abidjan, ivory coast. in an observational cohort, hiv infected children had quarterly clinical visits and a day-clinic available all week for ill children. cd4 and viral load were measured at baseline and every 6 months thereafter. all children ... | 2004 | 15531256 |
| [mortality and survival in a cohort of 1,115 hiv-infected patients (1989-97)]. | to study survival and hiv/aids-related mortality from 1989 through 1997. to analyze the effect of antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis against p. carinii pneumonia (pcp-prophylaxis). | 2004 | 15538901 |
| aids-defining illnesses among patients with hiv in singapore, 1985 to 2001: results from the singapore hiv observational cohort study (shocs). | the objective was to describe the causes of initial and overall aids-defining disease episodes among hiv patients in singapore. | 2004 | 15538953 |
| co-trimoxazole as prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in hiv-infected zambian children (chap): a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. | no trials of co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis for hiv-infected adults or children have been done in areas with high levels of bacterial resistance to this antibiotic. we aimed to assess the efficacy of daily co-trimoxazole in such an area. | 2004 | 15555666 |
| cytomegalovirus infection in the liver transplant recipient. epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical management. | the effects of cytomegalovirus (cmv) on the liver transplant patient can be divided into two general categories: the direct infectious disease effects (e.g. cmv mononucleosis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, gi infection) and the indirect effects that are mediated by cytokines elaborated as a consequence of the infection. these indirect effects include an immunosuppressive effect that contributes to the development of superinfection with fungi, bacteria, and pneumocystis carinii; a role in the pathogene ... | 1997 | 15562577 |
| tests for treatment group differences in the hazards for survival, before and after the occurrence of an intermediate event. | in many settings, one would expect that the hazard for a terminal event would change with the occurrence of an intermediate event. for example, in an aids clinical trial, it is of interest to assess whether there is a difference between treatments in the hazards for death prior to drop in karnofsky performance score and in the hazards subsequent to the drop in karnofsky score. tests for the effect of treatment on these hazard functions, separately or jointly, are useful in conjunction with tests ... | 2005 | 15568187 |
| iron chelator daphnetin against pneumocystis carinii in vitro. | although there are several drugs and drug combinations for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia, all drugs have the toxicity as well as low efficacy. iron chelators have been proposed as a source of new drugs for combating these infections. we hypothesized that iron chelators would suppress the growth of p. carinii by deprivation of the nutritional iron required for growth. in this study, a short-term axenic culture system of p. carinii was established. daphnetin (7,8-dih ... | 2004 | 15569490 |
| [utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised children: diagnostic yield and complications]. | immunocompromised children are at high risk for developing pneumonia due to opportunistic pathogens. the role of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) in the evaluation of such patients is still controversial. | 2004 | 15574271 |
| fatal pneumocystis pneumonia with good syndrome and pure red cell aplasia. | | 2004 | 15578389 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with ulcerative colitis. | | 2004 | 15580408 |
| [diagnosis and therapy of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation]. | to investigate the early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of pneumocystosis complicated after renal transplantation. | 2004 | 15587162 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis and viruses in presumably immunocompetent infants who died in the hospital or in the community. | fresh-frozen lung and tracheal-aspirate specimens obtained from 112 infants who died in santiago, chile, during 1998-2000 were analyzed for the presence of pneumocystis dna, by use of nested dna amplification of the large subunit mitochondrial rrna, and for the presence of viruses, by use of culture and immunofluorescence. pneumocystis dna was detected in specimens from 45 (51.7%) of 87 infants who died in the community and from 5 (20%) of 25 infants who died in the hospital (p=.006). primary in ... | 2004 | 15593013 |
| three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity and structure-selectivity relationships of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. | three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3d-qsar) modelling using comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (comsia) was applied to a series of 406 structurally diverse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors from pneumocystis carinii (pc) and rat liver (rl). x-ray crystal structures of three inhibitors bound to pcdhfr were used for defining the alignment rule. for pcdhfr, a qsar model containing 6 components was selected using leave-10%-out cross-validation (n= ... | 2004 | 15595459 |
| human, monoclonal and recombinant candidacidal, pneumocysticidal and mycobactericidal antibodies. | antiidiotypic antibodies (antiids) representing the internal image of some antigenic deteminants have been proposed as surrogate vaccines or, conjugated with toxins, in the immunotherapy of cancer. experimental studies on antiidiotypic vaccination against fungal infections have been lacking. a conceptually new model of idiotypic vaccination against fungal infection has been recently developed. the vaccine used is monoclonal antibody that in vitro neutralizes the activity of killer toxin from the ... | 2000 | 15597672 |
| the spectrum of respiratory mycoses in a referral hospital in north-western india. | there has been an increasing recognition of respiratory mycoses in this country in the recent past. candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis have been reported from different centres. occasional cases of histoplasmosis and sporotrichosis have also been reported. infections with pneumocystis carinii, which is now classified as a fungus, are being frequently diagnosed, especially in the immuno-compromised patients such as those on prolonged immunosuppressive therapy or with hiv infection. alt ... | 2000 | 15597676 |
| emerging importance of pneumocystis carinii among indian immunosuppressed patients. | pneumocystis carinii is known to cause both significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals. in a six and a half year period starting with 1992, a total of 204 samples including bronchial aspirates, induced sputum and suction catheter tips were examined for p. carinii by direct microscopic examination of giemsa's and toluidine 'o' stained smears. at a later stage of the investigation, immunofluorescent staining using monoclonal reagent (meriflour, usa) was also used for exami ... | 2000 | 15597681 |
| impact of a statewide medicaid managed care system on healthcare utilization and outcomes for people living with hiv. | medicaid managed care (mmc) systems provide insurance for many persons living with hiv and aids (plwh). this study sought to assess the impact of a statewide mmc system (tenncare) on healthcare utilization and outcomes for plwh. | 2004 | 15599325 |
| modulation of proinflammatory responses to pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris in neonatal mice by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and il-4: role of apcs. | clearance of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris (pc) organisms from the lungs of neonatal mice is delayed due to failure of initiation of inflammation over the first 3 wk after infection. the ability of neonatal lung cd11c(+) dendritic cells (dcs) to induce ag-specific t cell proliferative responses was significantly reduced compared with adult lung dcs. however, neonatal bone marrow-derived dcs were as competent at presenting pc ag as were adult bone marrow-derived dcs. because gm-csf mrna expre ... | 2005 | 15611269 |
| comparison of atovaquone and azithromycin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of serious bacterial infections in children with hiv infection. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) has been used extensively for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii (also referred to as "pneumocystis jiroveci") pneumonia (pcp) and other opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children. because the efficacy of tmp-smz for treatment of bacterial infections is limited, it is sometimes poorly tolerated, and there is risk of emergence of drug-resistant strains associated with widespread use, we evaluated a regimen that incl ... | 2004 | 15614703 |
| primary structure of dihydrofolate reductase and mitochondrial ribosomal protein l36 genes from the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus. | we amplified and sequenced the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of the basidiomycete coprinus cinereus. downstream of the dhfr coding region, a mitochondrial (mt) ribosomal protein l36 (rpl36) gene was discovered in the opposite orientation to dhfr gene. putative polyadenylation signals of the two genes overlapped, both containing the 8-bp palindrome 5'-aatatatt-3'. the finding that c. cinereus dhfr gene is closely clustered with a mt protein gene strongly suggests that c. cinereus dhfr is cl ... | 2004 | 15620217 |
| hiv-1 nef mediates post-translational down-regulation and redistribution of the mannose receptor. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has derived a variety of means to evade the host immune response. hiv-derived proteins, including tat, nef, and env, have all been reported to decrease expression of host molecules such as cd4 and major histocompatibility complex i, which would assist in limiting viral replication. the mannose receptor (mr) on the surface of macrophages and dendritic cells (dc) has been proposed to function as an effective antigen-capture molecule, as well as a receptor for ent ... | 2005 | 15637102 |
| detailed sterol compositions of two pathogenic rust fungi. | teliospores of cedar-apple rust gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae were collected from the eastern red cedar juniperus virginiana, and aeciospores of quince rust g. clavipes were collected from the fruit of english hawthorn crataegus laevigata. the sterol fractions were separated by hplc, and their identities were determined by 600 mhz 1h nmr. twenty-six sterols were isolated from g. juniperi-virginianae and 18 sterols were isolated from g. clavipes. the principal sterol of both fungi was (z)- ... | 2004 | 15638244 |
| pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. | three adult patients, two of whom were hiv-seropositive, presented with a dyspnea of two-to-three-day duration associated with dry cough. high-resolution ct scans of the chest revealed a widespread air-space consolidation with "crazy-paving" pattern in all cases, suggesting a pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (pap). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) retrieved varying amounts of turbid fluid containing abundant, coarsely granular material that stained positively using periodic acid-schiff (pas) and pas w ... | 2004 | 15648606 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treatment in people infected with hiv. | | 2004 | 15652046 |
| molecular recognition in a trans excision-splicing ribozyme: non-watson-crick base pairs at the 5' splice site and omegag at the 3' splice site can play a role in determining the binding register of reaction substrates. | trans excision-splicing (tes) ribozymes, derived from a pneumocystis carinii group i intron, can catalyze the excision of targeted sequences from within rnas. in this report, the sequence requirements of the splice sites are analyzed. these conserved sequences include a u-g wobble pair at the 5' splice site and a guanosine in the omega position at the 3' splice site (in the substrate). we report that 7 out of 16 base pair combinations at the 5' splice site produce appreciable tes product. this p ... | 2005 | 15654763 |
| regulatory cells and the control of respiratory infection. | the role of distinct cd4+ t-cell populations in regulating the nature and strength of immune responses is well documented, and has in the past principally focused on the mutual antagonism between th1 and th2 cells, which secrete interferon (ifn)-gamma and interleukin (il)-4, respectively. however, the recent identification of t cells that secrete high levels of il-10 and/or transforming growth factor-b, but not ifn-g or il-4, called regulatory t (tr) cells has prompted a paradigm shift in our un ... | 2005 | 15659263 |
| effect of nicotine on lung s-adenosylmethionine and development of pneumocystis pneumonia. | because s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) is required by pneumocystis carinii in vitro, pneumocystis infection depletes plasma adomet of rats and humans, nicotine reduces adomet of guinea pig lungs, and smoking correlates with reduced episodes of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients, we tested the effect of nicotine treatment on pcp using a rat model. intraperitoneal infusion of 400 microg of r-(+) nicotine kg(-1) h(-1) intraperitoneal for 21 days caused a 15-fold reduction in lung adomet a ... | 2005 | 15668255 |
| congenital diaphragmatic hernia complicated by tension gastrothorax during gastroscopy: report of a case. | bochdalek's hernia typically manifests early in childhood, but it is uncommon in adults. we report the case of a 77-year-old woman who suffered sudden acute cardiorespiratory distress during an upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy, caused by a massive gastrothorax, confirmed by a chest radiograph and thoracic computed tomography. laparotomy revealed a posterolateral diaphragmatic defect and an acutely distended stomach occupying the left hemithorax, caused by an incomplete organoaxial volvulus of t ... | 2005 | 15674498 |
| vad with or without subsequent high-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell support in al amyloidosis: japanese experience and criteria for patient selection. | patients with al amyloidosis were treated with vad (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) with or without high-dose melphalan followed by auto-pbsct according to eligibility criteria based on disease severity, and prospectively investigated the therapeutic benefits and complications. thirty-one patients were enrolled in this study. vad and subsequent high-dose melphalan with auto-pbsct were performed only in patients who met all of the eligibility criteria. among patients ineligible for th ... | 2004 | 15678759 |
| toll-like receptors as key mediators in innate antifungal immunity. | the toll protein of drosophila is a transmembrane receptor involved in dorsoventral polarization during embryonic development and recognition of infection. in mammals, toll-like receptors (tlrs) constitute a novel protein family involved in innate immunity and respond to a wide spectrum of microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. specific agonists for nine of the ten members of the human tlr family have been described to date. tlrs as well as the tlr-associated adaptor m ... | 2004 | 15682636 |
| genotoxic evaluation of the antimalarial drug, fansidar, in cultured human lymphocytes. | fansidar (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine) has been used extensively worldwide for the treatment of chloroquine resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria, toxoplasmosis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. because of the wide usage of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine in developing countries and the lake of information from open literature and reports from manufacturers about the genotoxicity of such antimalarial drug, the present work was suggested. the po ... | 2004 | 15685933 |
| role of multiple induced sputum examination in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we evaluated the usefulness of repeated nebulized saline induced sputum examinations among 60 hiv infected patients clinically suspected to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). we found that the first sample was positive for 15 episodes (21.4%); the second sample was positive in 33 episodes (47.1%); the third sample was positive in 22 episodes (31.4%). repeated nebulized saline induced sputum examination imporved the yield of pneumocystis carinii and enhanced the sensitivity of a positive ... | 2004 | 15689091 |
| umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives as inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclases from saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, and pneumocystis carinii. | a series of umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives, previously studied as inhibitors of squalene-hopene cyclase, were tested as inhibitors of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) oxidosqualene cyclase (osc) and osc from trypanosoma cruzi and pneumocystis carinii expressed in yeast. enzymes from these pathogens were included in this study to provide a preliminary screening for antiparasitic activity. tests were carried out both on cell homogenates incubated with radiolabeled oxidosqualene and on sphero ... | 2004 | 15691023 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancy--value of new microbiological methods. | to assess the usefulness of new culture-independent microbiological methods to analyse bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from haematological patients with clinical pneumonia. | 2005 | 15693789 |
| study of the cost-effectiveness of three staining methods for identification of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | | 2005 | 15712538 |
| respiratory failure due to pneumocystis carinii following methotrexate therapy for gestational trophoblastic disease. | | 2005 | 15713161 |
| [disseminated pneumocystis carinii in a patient treated with immunosuppressive drugs]. | | 2005 | 15718021 |
| managed care for aids patients: is bigger better? | medicaid provides funds for the majority of aids-related health care services in the united states. in an effort to stabilize steeply rising medicaid costs, managed care programs are replacing traditional fee-for-service medicaid services. | 2005 | 15735455 |
| an evaluation of a medical outreach program targeting unstably housed hiv-infected individuals. | the objective of this study was to evaluate a medical outreach program that targets unstably housed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. one hundred sixty-one cross-sectional interviews were conducted prior to and after establishing a medical outreach program in single room occupancy hotels. participants' mean age was 42 years; 58% were men, 95% minority, and 59% active substance users. the postintervention group was more likely to have a regular health care provider (p = 0.0 ... | 2005 | 15741714 |
| comfa and comsia analyses of pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase, toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase, and rat liver dihydrofolate reductase. | in a continuing effort to develop potent and selective dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors against opportunistic pathogens, we developed three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3d qsar) models for the inhibitory activity against pneumocystis carinii (pc) dhfr, toxoplasma gondii (tg) dhfr, and rat liver dhfr, using a data set of 179 structurally diverse compounds. to ensure a balanced distribution of more potent and less potent drugs in the training set, three differ ... | 2005 | 15743188 |
| pneumocystis cell wall beta-glucans stimulate alveolar epithelial cell chemokine generation through nuclear factor-kappab-dependent mechanisms. | exuberant inflammatory responses are associated with respiratory failure during pneumocystis pneumonia. alveolar epithelial cells (aecs) promote pneumocystis attachment and proliferation, but also contribute prominently to host cytokine-mediated inflammation during pneumonia. recent investigations indicate that aecs produce macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (mip-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) following challenge with pneumocystis carinii. nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) is a ub ... | 2005 | 15746433 |
| [pneumocystis carinii--diagnosis based on dna amplification technique]. | pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis is an important cause morbidity and morality, causing p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids and other immunocompromised patients. long thought of as protozoan, molecular analysis of the ribosomal gene locus first demonstrated that p. carinii is a member of the fungal kingdom. currently p. carinii is considered to be fungus likely to ascomycetes, based on its ultrastructure, certain elements of its cellular biology, and nucleotide sequences of main genetic loci. t ... | 2004 | 15754651 |
| [new aspects of epidemiology and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infection]. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic eukaryotic pathogen most common causing pneumonia in immunocompromised host. dna p. carinii f. sp. hominis has been frequently detected in air samples collected from environments of p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) patients and nasal swabs samples from contact health care workers and family. epidemiological studies suggested not-only the possibility of person-to-person infection transmission. first hypothesis of reactivation latent infection of the causing the ... | 2004 | 15754652 |
| [mycoses in domestic animals]. | in the present paper we will present a general view of the main mycoses affecting domestic animals. in the dog, we show the importance of the dermatophytoses, increased by its zoonosic character and the problem of the false negatives in the traditional microbiological culture. under the general term of systemic mycoses we include a series of conditions considered usually as aspergillosis, bat with more and more fungal species implicated as possible etiological agents. in addition, fungi, especia ... | 2000 | 15762776 |
| changes in the pattern of respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization of hiv-infected patients since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the incidence rates of opportunistic diseases, hospital admission and death have fallen markedly since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). we examined the impact of haart on the pattern of hiv-related respiratory diseases necessitating hospitalization. we retrospectively compared the numbers and etiologies of respiratory diseases diagnosed in hiv-infected patients hospitalized in the chest department of a paris university hospital during the three years preceding widespre ... | 2004 | 15765925 |
| recommendations for use of certican (everolimus) after heart transplantation: results from a german and austrian consensus conference. | the certican consensus conference has produced guidelines to help physicians apply certican (everolimus) clinical trial data in clinical practice. everolimus is indicated in combination with cyclosporine microemulsion (csa; neoral) and corticosteroids for prophylaxis of acute rejection after heart transplantation. it has also shown efficacy for prevention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy. further indications for use pertain to patients with chronic renal failure, to allow reduced calcineurin in ... | 2005 | 15774322 |
| clinical profile of pediatric hiv infection from india. | our aim was to study the clinical profile of pediatric patients admitted with hiv infection. | 2005 | 15777991 |
| insurance coverage, usual source of care, and receipt of clinically indicated care for comorbid conditions among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus. | associations of insurance coverage and source of care with use of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related health, mental health, and substance abuse services are examined in a large, diverse, highly active antiretroviral therapy-era cohort. | 2005 | 15778643 |
| activity of hoechst 33258 against pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris, candida albicans, and candida dubliniensis. | hoechst 33258 is a compound that binds nucleic acids. we report that hoechst 33258 exhibits antimicrobial activity against pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris in a mouse model for p. carinii pneumonia and against candida albicans and candida dubliniensis in vitro. relative to saline treatment, a 14-day, daily treatment of mice with 37.5 mg of hoechst 33258/kg of body weight after inoculation with p. carinii reduced by about 100-fold the number of p. carinii organisms detected by either pcr or by m ... | 2005 | 15793106 |
| parasitic infections in hiv-infected patients who visited seoul national university hospital during the period 1995-2003. | the prevalence of parasitic infections was investigated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients (n = 105) who visited seoul national university hospital, seoul, korea, during the period from 1995 to 2003. fecal samples were collected from 67 patients for intestinal parasite examinations, and sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage samples from 60 patients for examination of pneumocystis carinii. both samples were obtained from 22 patients. thirty-three (31.4%) of the 105 were found to h ... | 2005 | 15793352 |
| challenges in the provision of icu services to hiv infected children in resource poor settings: a south african case study. | the hiv/aids epidemic has placed increasing demands on limited paediatric intensive care services in developing countries. the decision to admit hiv infected children with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) into the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) has to be made on the best available evidence of outcome and the ethical principles guiding appropriate use of scarce resources. the difficulty in confirming the diagnosis of hiv infection and pcp in infancy, issues around hiv counselling, and ... | 2005 | 15800364 |
| pulmonary coinfection by pneumocystis carinii and aspegillus fumigatus in a seronegative arthritis patient treated with low-dose methotrexate. | | 2004 | 15801078 |
| impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on organ-specific manifestations of hiv-1 infection. | in the last 10 years, interesting results have been reported concerning the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on the changing pattern of organ-specific manifestations of hiv-1 infection. there has been a clear step-wise reduction in the incidence of several opportunistic infections (ois), particularly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, whereas a nonsignificant reduction in incidence has been observed for other organ-specific diseases, including invasive cervical cancer and hodg ... | 2005 | 15807712 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with solid tumors and lymphomas: predisposing factors and outcome. | the incidence of pneumonocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is increasing in patients with cancer. the possible routes of transmission in this population, as well as the epidemiological data of pcp, are not very well understood. the collection and analysis of data concerning the predisposing factors for pcp will elucidate this subject. | 2005 | 15816641 |
| opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. | to assess prevalence and characteristics of opportunistic infections in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (pm/dm). to determine the predictive values for opportunistic infections on clinical presentation, biochemical findings, and paraclinical features of pm/dm to detect patients at risk of opportunistic infections. | 2005 | 15818648 |
| bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and surveillance of respiratory infections in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. | fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fob) with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsies (tbb) is a widely used method to detect respiratory infections and to differentiate them from other postoperative complications in lung transplant (ltx) recipients, but the usefulness of surveillance fobs is not yet established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fob in the diagnosis and surveillance of infections in ltx recipients. we reviewed all the consecutive 609 fobs performed o ... | 2005 | 15819805 |
| lower cd4+ t lymphocyte nadirs may indicate limited immune reconstitution in hiv-1 infected individuals on potent antiretroviral therapy: analysis of immunophenotypic marker results of aactg 5067. | although initiation of potent antiretroviral therapy (art) has significantly improved immune perturbations in individuals with aids, it is unclear which factors are most important in determining the degree of immune reconstitution. | 2005 | 15821887 |
| study of patients diagnosed with advanced hiv in the haart era--omega cohort. | our objective is to analyse patients diagnosed with late-stage hiv infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) area. a prospective, observational study of all patients with an initial cd4 < 50 x 10(6)/l was carried out. epidemiological, clinical and haart-associated data were analysed. survival rates were estimated and pairs of survival curves were compared. the statistical program used was spss (version 10). in all, 349 hiv-infected patients were diagnosed, 117 (33.5%) had lat ... | 2005 | 15829028 |
| [the experimental study of garlicin in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats]. | to assess the therapeutic effect of garlicin on pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) of immunosuppressed rats. | 2004 | 15830863 |
| interstitial lung disease and xerostomia as initial manifestations in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a 56-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected man presented with progressive interstitial lung disease (ild) and lymphocyte infiltration of the salivary glands which mimicked autoimmune disease. pneumonia, which was very likely caused by pneumocystis carinii, developed after 3 courses of monthly methylprednisolone pulse therapy for ild. both enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis confirmed the hiv infection. after antibiotic treatment, the pneumonia gradually resolved. autoimmu ... | 2005 | 15843861 |
| pneumocystis carinii activates the nf-kappab signaling pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a clinically important infection of immunocompromised patients. although the interaction of pneumocystis with the alveolar epithelium has been well documented, very little information regarding the epithelial response to pneumocystis is currently available. in order to study pneumocystis-epithelium interactions, a murine cell line derived specifically from an alveolar epithelial cell (aec) was utilized. the coculture of murine aecs with mouse pneumocystis ... | 2005 | 15845480 |
| hyper-igm syndrome: report of one case. | the hyper-igm syndrome (him) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by defects in the cd40 ligand (cd40l)/cd40-signaling pathway. it is characterized by recurrent infections with markedly decreased igg, iga and ige levels but normal or elevated serum igm levels. a 5-month-old boy presented with rapidly progressive pneumonia which responded poorly to antibiotics. high levels of igm and very low levels of igg, ige and iga were noted in his plasma specimen (igm, 128 mg/dl; igg, 18 mg/dl ... | 2004 | 15868849 |