| getting trichy: tools and approaches to interrogating trichomonas vaginalis in a post-genome world. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the urogenital tract in men and women, with a worldwide presence and significant implications for global public health. t. vaginalis research entered the age of genomics with the publication of the first genome sequence in 2007, but subsequent utilization of other 'omics' technologies and methods has been slow. here, we review some of the tools and approaches available to interrogate t. vaginalis biology, with an emphasis on recent advances and current limi ... | 2013 | 23219217 |
| the n-terminal sequences of four major hydrogenosomal proteins are not essential for import into hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis. | the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis harbors hydrogenosomes, organelles of mitochondrial origin that generate atp through hydrogen-producing fermentations. they contain neither genome nor translation machinery, but approximately 500 proteins that are imported from the cytosol. in contrast to well-studied organelles like saccharomyces mitochondria, very little is known about how proteins are transported across the two membranes enclosing the hydrogenosomal matrix. recent studies indicate that ... | 2013 | 23210891 |
| genotyping of trichomonas vaginalis isolates in iran by using single stranded conformational polymorphism-pcr technique and internal transcribed spacer regions. | infection with trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of human urogenital infection, is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. in spite of the high prevalence and medical importance of trichomoniasis, there is little knowledge about genetic epidemiology and genetic characterisation of this parasite. for this purpose, a single stranded conformation polymorphism-pcr (sscp-pcr) typing method was conducted for iranian t. vaginalis isolates using 5.8s ribosomal gene ( ... | 2012 | 23202606 |
| prevalence and predictors of trichomonas infection in newly incarcerated women. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent curable sexually transmitted infection in the united states and may lead to preterm delivery, infertility, and increased hiv transmission. incarcerated women may be at especially high risk for infection, although few studies have examined routine screening for trichomonas infection in this population. | 2012 | 23191953 |
| trichomonas vaginalis prevalence increases with remoteness in rural and remote new south wales, australia. | trichomonas has been reported to be rare in australia's major cities while remaining very common in some extremely remote aboriginal communities. this study examined the trichomonas prevalence and relationship to remoteness among patients attending sexual health clinics in rural and remote areas of new south wales, australia. | 2012 | 23191946 |
| prospective study of effect modification by toll-like receptor 4 variation on the association between trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer. | in previous studies, we observed a positive association between trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive cancer, which we hypothesized might be due to t. vaginalis-mediated intraprostatic inflammation and cell damage. to explore this hypothesis further, we investigated effect modification by toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) variation on this association. we hypothesized that tlr4 variation might serve a marker of the anti-trichomonad immune response becaus ... | 2013 | 23179660 |
| setting a colorimetric assay with mtt for assessment of trichomonicidal activity. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with important problems of public health, including the spreading of other sexual transmitted infections. the existence of clinical resistant isolates metronidazole and tinidazole, the drugs approved for the treatment of trichomoniasis, points to the necessity of continue searching for trichomonicidal substances. here we optimize a colorimetric assay with mtt to assess trichomonas viability. the absence of ascorbic acid and cysteine in the culture me ... | 2014 | 23173972 |
| endobiont viruses sensed by the human host - beyond conventional antiparasitic therapy. | wide-spread protozoan parasites carry endosymbiotic dsrna viruses with uncharted implications to the human host. among them, trichomonas vaginalis, a parasite adapted to the human genitourinary tract, infects globally ∼250 million each year rendering them more susceptible to devastating pregnancy complications (especially preterm birth), hiv infection and hpv-related cancer. while first-line antibiotic treatment (metronidazole) commonly kills the protozoan pathogen, it fails to improve reproduct ... | 2012 | 23144878 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of hypericum polyanthemum extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and isolated compounds. | the anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of hypericum polyanthemum extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (50°c, 150bar) and the chemical compounds isolated and purified from this extract (benzopyrans hp1, hp2, hp3, and phloroglucinol derivative uliginosin b) were assessed. all samples had anti-t. vaginalis activity; however, hp1 demonstrated the best selectivity against this protozoan (metronidazole-resistant and susceptible isolates), with no cytotoxicity on mammalian cells (selecti ... | 2013 | 23142570 |
| an improved quantitative method to assess adhesive properties of trichomonas vaginalis to host vaginal ectocervical cells using flow cytometry. | microbial adhesion is a critical step for infection and colonization of the host. trichomonas vaginalis, a human urogenital extracellular parasite, relies on host cell adhesion for infection and pathogenesis. although host cell adhesion of t. vaginalis is strain-dependent and it may be influenced by many environmental factors, a technical limitation to quantify t. vaginalis adhesion falls upon a laborious and time-consuming protocol of fluorescent microscopy. this technical limitation reduces th ... | 2013 | 23142340 |
| comparison of resistant and susceptible strains of trichomons vaginalis to metronidazole using pcr method. | metronidazole is drug of choice recommended by who for treatment of trichomoniasis, however, some reports claims drug resistance in trichomonas vaginalis isolates recently. the objective of this study was to determine the minimum lethal concentration (mlc) of metronidazole in resistant and sensitive strains, as well as genetic patterns of these stains by pcr method. | 2012 | 23109958 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in hamadan city, western iran. | infection with trichomonas vaginalis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in humans. the prevalence of infection in iran has been reported between 2 to 8%, depending on deferent socio-cultural conditions. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of t. vaginalis in women referred to gynecologic clinics in hamadan city, west of iran. | 2012 | 23109948 |
| the antimicrobial peptide, shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (salf), inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expressions through the mapk and nf-κb pathways in trichomonas vaginalis adherent to hela cells. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan that causes sexually transmitted infections (stis) worldwide. the infection is dangerous and easily spreads within a community. also, some cases of drug resistance were reported. previously, we reported that the shrimp anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (salf), an antimicrobial peptide of 24 amino acids, modulates inflammatory responses and inhibits t. vaginalis growth. to date, there is no report on the mechanism of salf's actions in t. vaginalis' adhe ... | 2012 | 23088922 |
| localisation of a family of complex-forming β-barrels in the t. vaginalis hydrogenosomal membrane. | crucial to organellogenesis was the development of membrane translocases responsible for delivering proteins to new cellular compartments. this investigation examines the trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosome, a mitochondrially derived organelle. we identify an expanded family of putative β-barrel proteins (thom a-i) comprising nine related sequences. sub-cellular localisation by immunofluorescence and biochemical fractionation is consistent with thoms being localised to the hydrogenosomal membran ... | 2012 | 23068613 |
| in vivo genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assessment of a novel quinoxalinone with trichomonacide activity. | the compound vam2-6 (1-methyl-7-nitro-4-(5-(piperidin-1-yl)pentyl)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1h)-one) has previously been shown to have an in vitro efficacy of 100% at a concentration of 100 µg ml(-1) against trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoon parasite that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. because vam2-6 is a quinoxaline derivative and given the lack of studies on the genotoxic activity of this compound, the present study was undertaken to evaluate its ability to induce dna ... | 2013 | 23047729 |
| iron-inducible nuclear translocation of a myb3 transcription factor in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | in trichomonas vaginalis, a novel nuclear localization signal spanning the folded r2r3 dna-binding domain of a myb2 protein was previously identified. to study whether a similar signal is used for nuclear translocation by other myb proteins, nuclear translocation of myb3 was examined in this report. when overexpressed, hemagglutinin-tagged myb3 was localized to nuclei of transfected cells, with a cellular distribution similar to that of endogenous myb3. fusion to a bacterial tetracycline repress ... | 2012 | 23042127 |
| the effects of environmental factors on the virulence of trichomonas vaginalis. | this review focused on potential regulatory mechanisms of trichomonas vaginalis virulence properties, cytoadherence, cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, hemolysis, induction of apoptosis, and immune evasion in response to environmental factors of the human urogenital tract, iron, zinc, and polyamines. understanding the multifactorial nature of trichomonal pathogenesis and its regulation may help to unravel the survival strategies of trichomonads and to implement prevention policies, opportune diagnosis, ... | 2012 | 23022315 |
| [the influence of cervicovaginitis agents on epithelial cell changes: comparison of mardin city's data with the literature]. | the aim of this paper was to observe the reactive changes of epithelial cells exposed to the influence of cervicovaginitis agents that play an important role in the cytology practice and may cause an exaggerated appearance. | 2012 | 23011825 |
| association between trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal bacterial community composition among reproductive-age women. | some vaginal bacterial communities are thought to prevent infection by sexually transmitted organisms. prior work demonstrated that the vaginal microbiota of reproductive-age women cluster into 5 types of bacterial communities; 4 dominated by lactobacillus species (l. iners, l. crispatus, l. gasseri, l. jensenii) and 1 (termed community state type (cst) iv) lacking significant numbers of lactobacilli and characterized by higher proportions of atopobium, prevotella, parvimonas, sneathia, gardnere ... | 2012 | 23007708 |
| accuracy and trust of self-testing for bacterial vaginosis. | two point-of-care tests are available to detect bacterial vaginosis (bv), a common vaginal condition. this study aimed to (1) compare the accuracy of two self-performed bv tests with clinician-performed bv tests and with clinical diagnosis of bv; and (2) compare trust of results for self-performed bv testing with clinician-performed bv testing. | 2012 | 22999842 |
| trichomoniasis and lactoferrin: future prospects. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan which infects the urogenital tract and requires iron as an essential nutrient. iron is known to upregulate various adhesins required for cytoadherance and other factors involved in pathogenesis. at mucosal surfaces, iron is chelated by lactoferrin resulting in low levels of free iron. however, pathogens have evolved mechanisms for an increased uptake of iron. the present review highlights the role of iron in survival of trichomonas during fluctuatin ... | 2012 | 22988421 |
| transcriptomic identification of iron-regulated and iron-independent gene copies within the heavily duplicated trichomonas vaginalis genome. | gene duplication is an important evolutionary mechanism and no eukaryote has more duplicated gene families than the parasitic protist trichomonas vaginalis. iron is an essential nutrient for trichomonas and plays a pivotal role in the establishment of infection, proliferation, and virulence. to gain insight into the role of iron in t. vaginalis gene expression and genome evolution, we screened iron-regulated genes using an oligonucleotide microarray for t. vaginalis and by comparative est (expre ... | 2012 | 22975721 |
| phosphoproteome profiling of the sexually transmitted pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomoniasis caused by trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection. morphological transformation from the trophozoite stage to the amoeboid or pseudocyst stage is crucial for t. vaginalis infection and survival. protein phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification involved in the regulation of several biological processes in various prokaryotes and eukaryotes. more than 880 protein kinases have been identified in the t. vaginalis genome. howeve ... | 2013 | 22921107 |
| prevalence of urethral trichomonas vaginalis in black and white men who have sex with men. | | 2012 | 22902674 |
| clinical and laboratory evidence of trichomonas vaginalis infection among women of reproductive age in rural area. | vaginitis is a commonly encountered complaint and one of the most frequent reasons for patient visit to obstetrician-gynaecologists. three vaginal infections are frequent causes of a vaginal discharge: (1) bacterial vaginosis, (2) vulvovaginal candidiasis and (3) trichomonas vaginitis. differences in the clinical presentation are helpful in diagnosis. characteristic signs and symptoms for these three vaginal infections are distinct, but on many occasions, they are overlapping. the aim of the pre ... | 2013 | 22885198 |
| reversible association of tetraspanin with trichomonas vaginalis flagella upon adherence to host cells. | the parasite trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, a prevalent sexually transmitted infection. here, we report the cellular analyses of t. vaginalis tetraspanin 6 (tvtsp6). this family of membrane proteins has been implicated in cell adhesion, migration and proliferation in vertebrates. we observed that tvtsp6 expression is upregulated upon contact with vaginal ectocervical cells (vecs) and that parasite strains that are highly adherent to vecs express higher levels of ... | 2012 | 22882837 |
| symptomatic trichomonas vaginalis infection in the setting of severe nitroimidazole allergy: successful treatment with boric acid. | this report describes a patient with symptomatic trichomonas vaginalis infection who was unable to tolerate nitroimidazole drugs because of severe hypersensitivity, for which desensitisation was not possible. use of intravaginal clotrimazole, intravaginal paromomycin, intravaginal furazolidone, povidone-iodine douches, and oral nitazoxanide were unsuccessful in eradicating the patient's t. vaginalis infection. a 2-month course of intravaginal topical boric acid subsequently achieved a complete s ... | 2012 | 22877600 |
| genetic characterization of trichomonas vaginalis isolates by use of multilocus sequence typing. | in this study, we introduce a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme, comprised of seven single-copy housekeeping genes, to genetically characterize trichomonas vaginalis. sixty-eight historical and recent isolates of t. vaginalis were sampled from the american type culture collection and female patients at area health care facilities, respectively, to assess the usefulness of this typing method. forty-three polymorphic nucleotide sites, 51 different alleles, and 60 sequence types were disting ... | 2012 | 22855512 |
| validation of a modified fluorimetric assay for the screening of trichomonacidal drugs. | a fluorimetric microassay that uses a redox dye to determine the viability of the flagellate trichomonas vaginalis has been optimised to provide a more sensitive method to evaluate potential trichomonacidal compounds. resazurin has been used in recent years to test drugs against different parasites, including trichomonadid protozoa; however, the reproducibility of these resazurin-based methods in our laboratory has been limited because the flagellate culture medium spontaneously reduces the resa ... | 2012 | 22850954 |
| performance of rapid immunochromatographic assay in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis accounts for nearly half of all curable sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with serious health consequences. effort to increase the sensitivity of its diagnosis is critical to both control measures and epidemiologic studies. this study was conducted to evaluate the osom® trichomonas rapid test (sekisui diagnostics, framingham, ma, usa), a qualitative antigen-detection immunochromatographic (ic) assay in the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis comparable to the conventi ... | 2012 | 22727836 |
| the atp-binding cassette proteins of the deep-branching protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | the atp binding cassette (abc) proteins are a family of membrane transporters and regulatory proteins responsible for diverse and critical cellular process in all organisms. to date, there has been no attempt to investigate this class of proteins in the infectious parasite trichomonas vaginalis. we have utilized a combination of bioinformatics, gene sequence analysis, gene expression and confocal microscopy to investigate the abc proteins of t. vaginalis. we demonstrate that, uniquely among euka ... | 2012 | 22724033 |
| a protein phosphatase 1 gamma (pp1γ) of the human protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis is involved in proliferation and cell attachment to the host cell. | in this work, evidence for a critical role of trichomonas vaginalis protein phosphatase 1 gamma (tvpp1γ) in proliferation and attachment of the parasite to the mammalian cell is provided. firstly, proliferation and attachment of t. vaginalis parasites to hela cells was blocked by calyculin a (ca), a potent pp1 inhibitor. secondly, it was demonstrated that the enzyme activity of native and recombinant tvpp1γ proteins was inhibited by ca. thirdly, reverse genetic studies confirmed that antisense o ... | 2012 | 22713760 |
| pcr for diagnosis of male trichomonas vaginalis infection with chronic prostatitis and urethritis. | the aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of pcr for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection among male patients with chronic recurrent prostatitis and urethritis. between june 2001 and december 2003, a total of 33 patients visited the department of urology, hanyang university guri hospital and were examined for t. vaginalis infection by pcr and culture in tym medium. for the pcr, we used primers based on a repetitive sequence cloned from t. vaginalis (tv-e650). voided bladder urin ... | 2012 | 22711929 |
| genotypic characterization of trichomonas vaginalis isolates among women who have sex with women in sexual partnerships. | the random amplified polymorphic dna technique was used to delineate the genetic relatedness of trichomonas vaginalis isolates among 3 pairs of mutually infected women who have sex with women in sexual partnerships. one of the 3 pairs of women shared a t. vaginalis isolate with the same random amplified polymorphic dna banding patterns. shared use of washcloths to cleanse the vaginal area after receptive oral sex was the most likely method of t. vaginalis transmission among this pair of women. | 2012 | 22706219 |
| presence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions among women deprived of their liberty: a documental study. | the aim of this study was to analyze the results of the pap smears of women deprived of their liberty. it is a retrospective, documental study, with a quantitative approach, performed in a female prison of ceará, brazil, with a sample of 672 patient records. regarding the microbiological findings, it was verified that the main cervical-vaginal colonization was by bacilli suggestive of gardnerella/mobiluncus (21.8%), followed by trichomonas vaginalis (12%), and candida sp (5.8%). the frequencies ... | 2014 | 22699737 |
| secondary alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the reduction of exogenous acetone to 2-propanol in trichomonas vaginalis. | secondary alcohols such as 2-propanol are readily produced by various anaerobic bacteria that possess secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (s-adh), although production of 2-propanol is rare in eukaryotes. specific bacterial-type s-adh has been identified in a few unicellular eukaryotes, but its function is not known and the production of secondary alcohols has not been studied. we purified and characterized s-adh from the human pathogen trichomonas vaginalis. the kinetic properties and thermostabilit ... | 2012 | 22686835 |
| comparative analysis of the 5s rrna and its associated proteins reveals unique primitive rather than parasitic features in giardia lamblia. | 5s rrna is a highly conserved ribosomal component. eukaryotic 5s rrna and its associated proteins (5s rrna system) have become very well understood. giardia lamblia was thought by some researchers to be the most primitive extant eukaryote while others considered it a highly evolved parasite. previous reports have indicated that some aspects of its 5s rrna system are simpler than that of common eukaryotes. we here explore whether this is true to its entire system, and whether this simplicity is a ... | 2012 | 22685540 |
| trichomonas vaginalis ribosomal rna: identification and characterisation of the transcription promoter and terminator sequences. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan of both medical and biological relevance. transcriptional studies in this organism have focused mainly on type ii pol promoters, whereas the elements necessary for transcription by poli or poliii have not been investigated. here, with the aid of a transient transcription system, we characterised the rdna intergenic region, defining both the promoter and the terminator sequences required for transcription. we defined the promoter as a compact region ... | 2012 | 22677340 |
| evaluation of polymerase chain reaction assays for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in russia. | in russia, the microscopy- and culture-based diagnostics of trichomoniasis is mainly suboptimal. recent years, domestically produced diagnostic pcr assays have been implemented; however, any evaluation of these pcrs has never been internationally reported. | 2013 | 22672184 |
| species typing of cuban trichomonas vaginalis virus by rt-pcr, and association of tvv-2 with high parasite adhesion levels and high pathogenicity in patients. | the viral infection of the parasite with t. vaginalis virus (tvv) may have important implications for trichomonal virulence. in this study we identified the tvv species isolated from cuban t. vaginalis, using specie specific reverse transcriptase-pcr. of the 37 clinical isolates studied, 21 were infected with tvv, 6 contained tvv-1, 12, tvv- 2 and 3 were co-infected with tvv-1 and -2. the strains infected with tvv showing highest adhesion level in comparison to not infected strains, with high st ... | 2012 | 22653538 |
| trichomonas vaginalis antimicrobial drug resistance in 6 us cities, std surveillance network, 2009-2010. | nitroimidazoles (metronidazole and tinidazole) are the only recommended drugs for treating trichomonas vaginalis infection, and previous samples that assessed resistance of such isolates have been limited in geographic scope. we assessed the prevalence of in vitro aerobic metronidazole and tinidazole resistance among t. vaginalis isolates from multiple geographic sites in the united states. swab specimens were obtained from women who underwent routine pelvic examinations at sexually transmitted ... | 2012 | 22608054 |
| untreated trichomonas vaginalis for 20 years: lessons to be learnt? | | 2012 | 22581883 |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase of the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis: potent inhibitory activity of 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β,d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. | in the present study, we carried out a structure-activity analysis in trichomonas vaginalis of a series of adenosine and uridine analogues. the most potent compounds were found to be 2' and 3' modified adenosine analogues some of which are potent inhibitors of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. the 9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β,d-arabinofuranosyl)adenine compound was more potent than metronidazole, a current fda approved and commonly prescribed drug for treatment of trichomoniasis. its ic(50) was 0.09 μm ... | 2012 | 22579483 |
| diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis from vaginal specimens by wet mount microscopy, in pouch tv culture system, and pcr. | in recent years, trichomoniasis has emerged as the most common sexually transmitted disease and limited data are available on the effective screening technique for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2012 | 22529623 |
| clinical features and sociodemographic factors affecting trichomonas vaginalis infection in women attending a central sexually transmitted diseases clinic in sri lanka. | trichomoniasis is a relatively neglected area of research in sri lanka. given the number of infections observed, an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics of patients would be valuable in prevention. | 2012 | 22529450 |
| phenotypic 'variant' forms of trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites from cervical neoplasia patients. | the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis a sexually transmitted protozoan parasite causes vaginitis, urethritis and cervicitis in humans. the present study highlights phenotypic 'variant' forms of trophozoites isolated from patients suffering from cervical neoplasia condition. the growth curve of 10 isolates i.e., four non-cervical neoplasia (ncn) isolates (ncn1-ncn4) and six cervical neoplasia (cn) isolates (cn1-cn6) showed two distinct and different in vitro growth profiles. the parasite count and ... | 2012 | 22525014 |
| effects of hormonal contraception on vaginal flora. | the sector of the market that deals with contraception offers a long list of different contraceptive methods. within the estroprogestinic choice, the routes of administration are oral, transdermic and vaginal one. even though efficacy is comparable with these methods, secondary and adverse effects are directly involved in the acceptability of the method. | 2012 | 22520642 |
| extensive genetic diversity, unique population structure and evidence of genetic exchange in the sexually transmitted parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of human trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection world-wide. despite its prevalence, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this haploid parasite due to the lack of appropriate tools. the development of a panel of microsatellite makers and snps from mining the parasite's genome sequence has paved the way to a global analysis of the genetic structure of the pathogen and association with ... | 2012 | 22479659 |
| functional analysis of sequence motifs involved in the polyadenylation of trichomonas vaginalis mrnas. | synthesis of functional mrna in eukaryotes involves processing of precursor transcripts, including the addition of a poly(a) tail at the 3' end. a multiprotein complex recognizes a polyadenylation signal, generally the hexanucleotide aauaaa in metazoans, to direct processing of the pre-mrna. based on sequence analysis of several cdnas, we have previously suggested that the uaaa tetranucleotide (which may include the uaa translation stop codon) could be the polyadenylation signal in trichomonas v ... | 2012 | 22467744 |
| down-regulation of flavin reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (adh1) in metronidazole-resistant isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | the microaerophilic parasite trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of painful vaginitis or urethritis, termed trichomoniasis, and can also cause preterm delivery or stillbirth. treatment of trichomoniasis is almost exclusively based on the nitroimidazole drugs metronidazole and tinidazole. metronidazole resistance in t. vaginalis does occur and is often associated with treatment failure. in most cases, metronidazole-resistant isolates remain susceptible to tinidazole, but cross resistance b ... | 2012 | 22449940 |
| sexually transmitted infections in hiv-infected patients in kabale hospital, uganda. | acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is an epidemiological marker of high-risk sexual behavior in hiv-infected patients. we assessed the prevalence of stis among patients attending an hiv care and support centre. | 2012 | 22421610 |
| insight into trichomonas vaginalis genome evolution through metabolic pathways comparison. | trichomonas vaginalis causes the trichomoniasis, in women and urethritis and prostate cancer in men. its genome draft published by tigr in 2007 presents many unusual genomic and biochemical features like, exceptionally large genome size, the presence of hydrogenosome, gene duplication, lateral gene transfer mechanism and the presence of mirna. to understand some of genomic features we have performed a comparative analysis of metabolic pathways of the t. vaginalis with other 22 significant common ... | 2012 | 22419839 |
| analysis of the ntpdase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase profiles in serum-limited trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the human urogenital tract that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease. ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (ntpdase) family members, which hydrolyse extracellular atp and adp and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, which hydrolyses amp, have been characterised in t. vaginalis. for trichomonad culture, the growth medium is supplemented with 10% serum, which is an important source of nutrients, such as adenosine. here, w ... | 2012 | 22415254 |
| histone h3 variants in trichomonas vaginalis. | the parabasalid protist trichomonas vaginalis is a widespread parasite that affects humans, frequently causing vaginitis in infected women. trichomonad mitosis is marked by the persistence of the nuclear membrane and the presence of an asymmetric extranuclear spindle with no obvious direct connection to the chromosomes. no centromeric markers have been described in t. vaginalis, which has prevented a detailed analysis of mitotic events in this organism. in other eukaryotes, nucleosomes of centro ... | 2012 | 22408228 |
| acquisition of hydrogenosomal presequences: examples from trichomonas vaginalis. | presequences play an important role in protein import into mitochondria-like organelles. acquisition pathways have been revealed for some mitochondrial presequences, but little is known about hydrogenosomal presequences. here we investigated the hydrogenosomal proteins of trichomonas vaginalis and suggest that several hydrogenosomal presequences probably evolved from pre-existing sequences that were thereafter modified. | 2012 | 22404599 |
| pseudocyst forms of trichomonas vaginalis from cervical neoplasia. | trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite causes a variety of adverse health consequences in both men and women. the parasite exists in the trophozoite and the pseudocystic stage. the study reports for the first time that pseudocyst forms of t. vaginalis isolated from cervical neoplasia (cn) patients demonstrated distinct, different and significant in vitro growth profiles when grown in vitro cultures from day 1 up to day 5 (p<0.05, mann-whitney test) when compared with the same li ... | 2012 | 22398830 |
| the role of bacterial vaginosis and trichomonas in hiv transmission across the female genital tract. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) infections are both very common and are associated with increased risk of sexual transmission of hiv. there are several mechanisms by which bv and tv could affect susceptibility including inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupting mucosal barrier function. this review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how these genital conditions lead to an increased risk of hiv infection in women. | 2012 | 22384839 |
| efficacy of the mentha crispa in the treatment of women with trichomonas vaginalis infection. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mentha crispa in the treatment of women with trichomonas vaginalis infection (tvi). | 2012 | 22350328 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: treatment questions and challenges. | | 2012 | 22339182 |
| potentiating metronidazole scaffold against resistant trichomonas: design, synthesis, biology and 3d-qsar analysis. | metronidazole (mtz), the fda-approved drug against trichomonas vaginalis (tv), is being challenged seriously by drug resistance, while its inertness to sperm makes it ineffective as a vaginal contraceptive. thirteen piperidine dithiocarbamate hybrids of 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1h-imidazol-1-yl)ethane (8-20) were designed to potentiate the mtz framework against drug resistance and sperm. new compounds were 1.2-12.1 times more effective against mtz-susceptible and -resistant strains of tv. all of the ... | 2012 | 24900434 |
| lycorine derivatives against trichomonas vaginalis. | six lycorine derivatives were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity. compounds bearing an acetyl (2), lauroyl (3), benzoyl (4 and 5), and p-nitrobenzoyl (6 and 7) groups were synthesized. the best activity was achieved with lycorine esterified at c-2 position with lauroyl group. preliminary structure-activity relationship points that unprotected oh group at c-1 and c-2 is not necessary to the antiparasitic activity, and none of the derivati ... | 2012 | 22260620 |
| improving diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in resource limited health care settings in sri lanka. | this study was designed to compare diagnosis of trichomoniasis by culture, wet smear examination, and giemsa stain. a modified technique was used to transport and prepare the specimen to ensure parasite viability prior to giemsa staining. | 2011 | 22223992 |
| anti-trichomonas vaginalis activity of saponins from quillaja, passiflora, and ilex species. | trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral std worldwide. the pathogen has been associated with serious health consequences including predisposition to cervical cancer and adverse pregnancy outcomes and infertility. it also acts as a co-factor in hiv transmission and acquisition. the 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used in the treatment, however, treatment noncompliance is observed, and a growing number of t. vaginalis isolates resistant t ... | 2012 | 22218924 |
| detection of trichomonas vaginalis in vaginal swab clinical samples from palestinian women by culture. | background. trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by trichomonas vaginalis. it is a major health problem worldwide. the world health organization (who) has estimated that 180 million infections are acquired annually worldwide. methodology. vaginal swabs (1207) were cultured for t. vaginalis on trichomonas medium no. 2 (oxoid) soon after specimen collection. the cultures were examined daily using a light microscope to detect the presence of t. vaginalis. results. the prev ... | 2011 | 23724313 |
| molecular diagnosis of trichomoniasis in negative samples examined by direct smear and culture. | trichomoniasis is an extremely common sexually transmitted infection (sti) worldwide and is associated with important public health problems, including amplification of hiv transmission. this disease is in forms of symptomatic and asymptomatic in women and may depend on host as well as parasite variables. most of the studies reported from females are based on examination of vaginal secretions and urine samples by direct smear and culture in modified diamond's media. the aim of this study was che ... | 2010 | 22347263 |
| study on its1 gene of iranian trichomonas vaginalis by molecular methods. | trichomoniasis is a worldwide protozoan parasitic disease and metronidazole is a choice drug for its treatment. because of disease importance in public health and its controversial ideas about the prevalence of drug resistance, this study was carried out. | 2010 | 22347260 |
| development of a latex agglutination test as a simple and rapid method for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection. | trichomoniasis is a worldwide infection and due to its complications rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection especially in pregnant women is very important. in this study, development of a latex agglutination test using native antigens for rapid diagnosis of trichomoniasis is investigated. trichomonas vaginalis was harvested from tyis33 culture medium and anti trichomonas vaginalis antiserum was raised in rabbits. salt precipitation method was used for antibody purification. polyesteren latex ... | 2010 | 23408769 |
| frequency of trichomoniasis in patients admitted to outpatient clinics in hamadan (2007) and relationship between clinical diag-nosis and laboratory findings. | trichomoniasis is recognized as a major sexually transmitted dis-ease (std) in the world and has the highest prevalence and incidence of std. the prevalence strongly is related to cultural and social norms in different socie-ties, in relation to sexual partnership, monogamy, or polygamy. our objective was to describe the frequency and natural history of infection and correlation of clini-cal signs with parasite detection. | 2010 | 22911914 |
| diagnostic value of the papanicolaou smear in lower genital tract infections during pregnancy. | to evaluate the diagnostic value of the pap smear in lower genital tract infections during pregnancy. | 2000 | 25951154 |
| [effect of sanasine on trichomonas vaginalis in vitro and in vivo]. | | 2014 | 24545296 |
| cultivation of trichomonas vaginalis on a solid medium and its application to the assay of trichomycin potency. | | 1958 | 24544978 |
| effect of anisomycin on the growth of trichomonas vaginalis. | | 1955 | 24543480 |
| [trichomonas vaginalis]. | | 1954 | 13195797 |
| [trichomonas vaginalis]. | | 1954 | 13170272 |
| terramycin in the treatment of trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis; a report of 21 cases. | | 1952 | 24541799 |
| expression of the enzymatically active legumain-like cysteine proteinase tvlegu-1 of trichomonas vaginalis in pichia pastoris. | the legumain-like cysteine proteinase tvlegu-1 from trichomonas vaginalis plays a major role in trichomonal cytoadherence. however, its structure-function characterization has been limited by the lack of a reliable recombinant expression platform to produce this protein in its native folded conformation. tvlegu-1 has been expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion bodies and all efforts to refold it have failed. here, we describe the expression of the synthetic codon-optimized tvlegu-1 (tvlegu-1 ... | 2017 | 28419821 |
| urinary meatal swabbing detects more men infected with mycoplasma genitalium and four other sexually transmitted infections than first catch urine. | urinary meatal swabs compared with urine showed higher infection rates for mycoplasma genitalium (15.3% vs 12.6%, p = 0.035), chlamydia trachomatis (11.3% vs 9.3%, p = 0.039), neisseria gonorrhoeae (1.4% vs 1.1%, p = 1.00), trichomonas vaginalis (8.0% vs 1.7%, p < 0.001), and high-risk human papillomavirus (5.9% vs 3.4%, p = 0.078) respectively. | 2017 | 28703728 |
| risk of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans infection among new users of combined hormonal contraception vs lng-ius. | the study assessed the risk of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans infection among new users of either a combined oral contraceptive pill (coc) or the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (lng-ius). | 2017 | 28849960 |
| [common genital infections]. | vulvo-vaginal infections are frequently encountered by gynecologists and general practitioners. the diagnosis and the recurrence of these affections must lead to a discussion about sexually transmitted disease, notably when trichomonas vaginalis and herpetic infections are found. even if they do not correspond to classical sexually transmitted diseases, their prevalence is increased by sexual intercourses reports and the number of partners which should also be treated. it is necessary to documen ... | 2016 | 28525226 |
| parents' and teachers' views on sexual health education and screening for sexually transmitted infections among in-school adolescent girls in kenya: a qualitative study. | to successfully develop and implement school-based sexual health interventions for adolescent girls, such as screening for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis, it is important to understand parents' and teachers' attitudes towards sexual health education and acceptability of sexually transmitted infection (sti) screening interventions. | 2017 | 28806985 |
| the detection of microorganisms related to urethritis from the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis. | to investigate the presence of microorganisms related to urethritis in the oral cavity of male patients with urethritis and the efficacies of antimicrobials for urethritis on microorganisms in the oral cavity. | 2017 | 28803864 |
| high prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women in a low-income south african community. | there is a lack of evidence on the burden of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) among hiv-infected pregnant women in south africa. we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of hiv-infected pregnant women in two healthcare facilities in a south african township to determine the prevalence of ct, ng and tv. hiv-infected pregnant women were recruited during the first antenatal care visit for their current pregnancy and requested to self-collect vulvo ... | 2017 | 28799824 |
| cross-sectional study to evaluate trichomonas vaginalis positivity in women tested for neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis, attending genitourinary medicine and primary care clinics in bristol, south west england. | highly sensitive, commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (naat) for trichomonas vaginalis have only recently been recommended for use in the uk. while testing for t. vaginalis is routine in symptomatic women attending genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics, it is rare in asymptomatic women or those attending primary care. the aim of this study was to evaluate the positivity of t. vaginalis using a commercial naat, in symptomatic and asymptomatic women undergoing testing for chlamydia and gono ... | 2017 | 28798195 |
| prevalence and impact of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women in central ethiopia. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) continues to be a major global public health issue and omnipresent sexually transmitted infections (stis) increase the risk of hiv acquisition. moreover, stis and hiv in pregnant women can harm the unborn child. in this study, we systematically investigated the prevalence of hiv, relevant stis and vaginal group b streptococcus colonization among pregnant women presenting at asella teaching hospital in central ethiopia and their effect on perinatal mortality. a ... | 2017 | 28776463 |
| sexually transmitted disease and male infertility: a systematic review. | theoretically, sexually transmitted diseases (stds) have the potential to disrupt male fertility; however, the topic remains controversial. | 2016 | 28723470 |
| primary health clinic toilet/bathroom surface swab sampling can indicate community profile of sexually transmitted infections. | the microbiome of built environment surfaces is impacted by the presence of humans. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that analysis of surface swabs from clinic toilet/bathroom yields results correlated with sexually transmitted infection (sti) notifications from corresponding human populations. we extended a previously reported study in which surfaces in toilet/bathroom facilities in primary health clinics in the australian northern territory (nt) were swabbed then tested for nucleic acid ... | 2017 | 28652937 |
| ureaplasma urealyticum and u. parvum in sexually active women attending public health clinics in brazil. | ureaplasma urealyticum and u. parvum have been associated with genital infections. the purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually transmitted infections in sexually active women from brazil and relate these data to demographic and sexual health, and cytokines il-6 and il-1β. samples of cervical swab of 302 women were examined at the family health units in vitória da conquista. the frequency of detection by conventional pcr was 76·2% for mollicutes. in qpcr ... | 2017 | 28637523 |
| prevalence and risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis and other sexually transmissible infections among women attending antenatal clinics in three provinces in papua new guinea: a cross-sectional survey. | background papua new guinea (png) is estimated to have among the highest prevalences of hiv and sexually transmissible infections (stis) of any asia-pacific country, and one of the highest burdens of maternal syphilis globally. the prevalence of curable stis, such as chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), among pregnant women in png is relatively unknown. | 2016 | 28636866 |
| sexually transmitted infections: a novel screening strategy for improving women's health in vulnerable populations. | migrant women are one of the most vulnerable population to health problems and well-being. this study aimed at implementing a counseling and preventive strategy for sexually transmitted infections (stis) in undocumented migrant women in milan, italy. | 2017 | 28632191 |
| burden and characteristics of hiv infection among female sex workers in kampala, uganda - a respondent-driven sampling survey. | sex workers in uganda are at significant risk for hiv infection. we characterized the hiv epidemic among kampala female sex workers (fsw). | 2017 | 28601086 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (stis) among women of reproductive age in swaziland. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) remain an important public health problem with approximately half a billion new cases annually among persons aged 15-49 years. epidemiological data on stis among women of reproductive age in swaziland are limited. the availability of epidemiological data on stis and associated risk factors in this population is essential for the development of successful prevention, diagnosis and management strategies in the country. the study aimed to determine the prevale ... | 2017 | 28559923 |
| epidemiological investigation of the relationship between common lower genital tract infections and high-risk human papillomavirus infections among women in beijing, china. | the incidence of lower genital tract infections in china has been increasing in recent years. the link between high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) remains unclear. | 2017 | 28531212 |
| aerobic vaginitis: no longer a stranger. | aerobic vaginitis (av) is the name given in 2002 to a vaginal infectious entity which was not recognized as such before. it is characterized by abnormal (dysbiotic) vaginal microflora containing aerobic, enteric bacteria, variable levels of vaginal inflammation and deficient epithelial maturation. although av and bacterial vaginosis (bv) share some characteristics, such as a diminished number or absence of lactobacilli, increased discharge (fishy smelling in bv, while in severe forms of av, a fo ... | 2017 | 28502874 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with stis among women initiating contraceptive implants in kingston, jamaica. | there is limited information on rates of stis in jamaica due to syndromic management and limited aetiological surveillance. we examined the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and characteristics associated with stis among sexually active women who participated in a randomised trial of a progestin implant initiation in jamaica (the sino-implant study (sis)). | 2017 | 28476913 |
| evaluating the utility of syndromic case management for three sexually transmitted infections in women visiting hospitals in delhi, india. | utility of syndromic case management (scm) in women visiting obstetrics & gynecology department needs to be evaluated as it is subjective and imperfect. consequently, antibiotic resistance has accelerated along with increased risk of infection to the partners. to understand the effectiveness and/or inadequacies of scm, 11000 women were recruited and examined by clinicians for infection by chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), trichomonas vaginalis (tv), bacterial vaginosis (bv) ... | 2017 | 28469158 |
| prevalence of human papillomavirus, chlamydia trachomatis, and trichomonas vaginalis infections in amazonian women with normal and abnormal cytology. | sexually transmitted infections are an important cause of morbidity among sexually active women worldwide, and have been implicated as cofactors in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. we investigated the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv), chlamydia trachomatis (ct), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv), and accessed the diversity of hpv in women with normal and abnormal cytology in manaus, brazil. we used polymerase chain reaction and hpv genotyping by direct sequencing. the chi-square test wa ... | 2017 | 28453175 |
| proton pump inhibitors are associated with a reduced likelihood for sexually transmitted diseases in women in the emergency department. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) have been shown in cell culture to kill trichomonas vaginalis (tv) at lower half maximal inhibitory concentration values than metronidazole (flagyl), the most common medication used to treat the infection. however, there have been no previous clinical investigations to determine if ppis are associated with reduced risk for tv. | 2017 | 28442805 |
| cervicovaginal levels of human β-defensin 1, 2, 3, and 4 of reproductive-aged women with chlamydia trachomatis infection. | this study included women attending primary health care units in botucatu, são paulo, brazil, to assess the cervicovaginal levels of human β-defensin (hbd) 1, 2, 3, and 4 during chlamydia trachomatis infection. | 2017 | 28430679 |
| profile of the triplex assay for detection of chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomonas using the bd max™ system. | chlamydia, gonorrhea and trichomonas are the most common curable sti. improved access to testing could reduce infection rates and prevent sequelae. nucleic acid amplification tests are the recommend class of diagnostic assay for these infections which are often asymptomatic. areas covered: a description of the bd max™ system (max) and the bd max ct/gc/tv assay is provided along with data from a large us clinical trial. the capacity of the system for other tests and for lab developed assays is al ... | 2017 | 28425774 |
| dorsal longitudinal foreskin cut is associated with reduced risk of hiv, syphilis and genital herpes in men: a cross-sectional study in papua new guinea. | various forms of penile foreskin cutting are practised in papua new guinea. in the context of an ecological association observed between hiv infection and the dorsal longitudinal foreskin cut, we undertook an investigation of this relationship at the individual level. | 2017 | 28406272 |