| phylogenetic analysis of short enteroviral sequences from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | this study used phylogenetic analysis based on a region of the 5' non-translated region (5'ntr) of a variety of enteroviral sequences to compare sequences associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and those from enteroviruses causing acute infections. direct sequencing of pcr products was used to obtain the nucleic acid sequences from cfs patients. the inferred phylogenetic tree identified three groupings, one correlating with the diagnosis of cfs. the analysis identified a close relationsh ... | 1995 | 9049375 |
| human cloning requires a moratorium, not a ban. | | 1997 | 9052767 |
| an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in two herds in south west scotland--veterinary and human public health response. | although the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in uk cattle has declined markedly, outbreaks still occur. there is often confusion as to how veterinary and human public health agencies should interact in such circumstances. we report an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis which occurred in south west scotland in 1992. | 1996 | 8785076 |
| impact of a regional screening programme using maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (afp) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) on the birth incidence of down's syndrome in the west of scotland. | to evaluate the impact of a large scale population screening programme on the birth incidence of down's syndrome in the west of scotland over a 12 month period. | 1994 | 8790513 |
| evaluation of a eucalyptus-based repellent against culicoides impunctatus (diptera:ceratopogonidae) in scotland. | a eucalyptus-based insect repellent (pmd) was evaluated against culicoides impunctatus in scotland in comparison with deet. in human landing catches, both repellents still afforded 98% protection from biting 8 h after application of 0.5 ml to the forearm. a second trial looking at protection between 8 and 10 h after repellent application showed 99.5% protection for pmd and 97% for deet as compared with controls. | 1996 | 8827615 |
| hysterectomy: a historical perspective. | in the relatively long history of man, surgery has been a comparatively recent development; the abdomen was first deliberately opened to remove an ovarian cyst by ephraim mcdowell in kentucky in 1809. the first abdominal hysterectomy was performed by charles clay in manchester, england in 1843; unfortunately the diagnosis was wrong and the patient died in the immediate post-operative period. the following year, charles clay was almost the first to claim a surviving patient, however she died post ... | 1997 | 9155933 |
| a polymorphism in the presenilin 1 gene does not modify risk for alzheimer's disease in a cohort with sporadic early onset. | mutations in the presenilin 1 gene account for many cases of early onset familial alzheimer's disease. homozygosity for the 't' allele of a polymorphism in the presenilin 1 gene has previously been reported to double the risk for alzheimer's disease in a late onset caucasian sample. here we report that this polymorphism does not incur risk in a case control sample of early onset alzheimer's disease, possibly suggesting a different disease etiology between the early and late onset forms. | 1997 | 9218645 |
| bodies, rights and abortion. | the issue of abortion is discussed with reference to the claim that people have a right of control over their own bodies. do people "own" their own bodies? if so, what would be entailed? these questions are discussed in commonsense terms and also in relation to the jurisprudence of hohfeld, honore, munzer and waldron. it is argued that whether or not women are morally and/or should be legally entitled to have abortions, such entitlements cannot be derived from a general moral entitlement to do w ... | 1997 | 9220332 |
| socioeconomic status within social class and mortality: a prospective study in middle-aged british men. | it has been suggested that mortality differences between groups in society may be greater than are indicated by social class based on occupation. we have examined the relationship between social class and mortality using home and car ownership as additional indices of socioeconomic status within social class. | 1997 | 9222778 |
| phenotypic and genotypic discrimination of strains of salmonella serotype eimsbuettel from human and animal sources. | one hundred isolates of salmonella serotype eimsbuettel from various human, animal and environmental sources in six countries were typed and shown to belong to five ribotypes, five biotypes and eight different ribotype/biotype groups, one of which, ribotype 3/biotype 5, was represented among isolates from all six countries. most of the eimsbuettel isolates from scotland belonged to ribotype 1/biotype 3, which was the epidemic strain involved in a large outbreak centred in a glasgow maternity hos ... | 1997 | 9236747 |
| acute hepatitis b in edinburgh 1975-92: a retrospective study in a population where human immunodeficiency virus is highly prevalent. | a retrospective study of notified hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in edinburgh during 1975-92 identified 525 acute cases. for 343 where a probable transmission route could be determined, 215 were due to shared equipment by injection drug users (idus), 29 to homosexual intercourse, 25 to heterosexual or household contact with idus, 21 to heterosexual contact with infected non-idu partners and 53 to various other or multiple routes. cases were unevenly distributed geographically, particularly th ... | 1997 | 9287948 |
| the molecular epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in six cities in britain and ireland. | we have sequenced the p17 coding regions of the gag gene from 211 patients infected either through injecting drug use (idu) or by sexual intercourse between men from six cities in scotland, n. england, n. ireland, and the republic of ireland. all sequences were of subtype b. phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity in the sequences from homosexual men. in contrast, sequence from over 80% of idus formed a relatively tight cluster, distinct both from those of published isolates and ... | 1997 | 9300048 |
| sex ratios: are there natural variations within the human population? | to investigate on a population basis the suggestion that certain factors naturally alter the odds of having a boy or a girl, and that some women are predisposed towards having children of one particular gender. | 1997 | 9307533 |
| the man who understood mosquitoes. | | 1996 | 8942178 |
| respiratory viruses in a hospitalized paediatric population in edinburgh 1985-1994. | we describe the incidence of respiratory viruses identified in children admitted to an edinburgh hospital between october 1985 and july 1994. respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, influenza viruses and parainfluenza viruses showed seasonal activity whereas adenoviruses and rhinoviruses did not. parainfluenza viruses were the most changeable in their epidemiological behaviour and rs virus the least. | 1996 | 8945711 |
| ttv a common virus, but pathogenic? | | 1998 | 9683201 |
| do inhibitors of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme protect against risk of cancer? | previous studies have reported an increased risk of cancer with calcium-channel blockers in man. other work in animals suggests that inhibitors of angiotensin-i-converting enzyme (ace) protect against cancer. we aimed to assess the risk of cancer in hypertensive patients receiving ace inhibitors or other antihypertensive drugs. | 1998 | 9683206 |
| evidence for a familial pregnancy-induced hypertension locus in the enos-gene region. | pregnancy-induced hypertension may be regarded as a manifestation of endothelial-cell dysfunction. the role of the enos gene in the development of a familial pregnancy-induced hypertension was evaluated by analysis of linkage among affected sisters and in multiplex families (n = 50). markers from a 4-cm region encoding the enos gene showed distortion from the expected allele sharing among affected sisters (p = .001-.05), and the statistic obtained from the multilocus application of the affected- ... | 1997 | 9311740 |
| biomonitoring of possible human exposure to environmental genotoxic chemicals: lessons from a study following the wreck of the oil tanker braer. | in january 1993 the oil tanker braer ran aground in the shetland islands, scotland. approximately 80,000 tons of crude oil were released. exceptionally high winds caused extensive pollution and exposure of the local population to crude oil. we describe the study which was immediately set in place to examine the exposed population for evidence of genotoxic exposure. blood samples were taken and primary dna damage was measured in the mononuclear cell fraction by the butanol modification of the 32p ... | 1997 | 9329634 |
| the incidence of dorsal sulci of the scapula in a modern human population from ensay, scotland. | | 1997 | 9361259 |
| use of a quantitative trait to map a locus associated with severity of positive symptoms in familial schizophrenia to chromosome 6p. | a number of recent linkage studies have suggested the presence of a schizophrenia susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p. we evaluated 28 genetic markers, spanning chromosome 6, for linkage to schizophrenia in 10 moderately large canadian families of celtic ancestry. parametric analyses of these families under autosomal dominant and recessive models, using broad and narrow definitions of schizophrenia, produced no significant evidence for linkage. a sib-pair analysis using categorical disease def ... | 1997 | 9399881 |
| lead poisoning and parasitism in a flock of mute swans (cygnus olor) in scotland. | increased mortality in a flock of non-breeding mute swans (cygnus olor) on a scottish loch was investigated. postmortem examinations were carried out on eight adult and six immature swans. the commonest cause of death, found in eight birds, was lead poisoning associated with the ingestion of large lead fishing weights. heavy parasitic burdens were found in five immature birds, involving combinations of the gizzard worm amidostomum species, the thornyheaded worms polymorphus minutus and profilico ... | 1998 | 9460217 |
| physical mapping of a glutamate receptor gene in relation to a balanced translocation associated with schizophrenia in a large scottish family. | the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5a (mglur5a) gene has been localised on the gene map of the human genome to chromosome 11q, approximately 1 cm from the genetic marker d11s931. d11s931 has been shown to lie close to a translocation breakpoint associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in a large scottish family. because glutamate receptor genes are excellent candidates for psychiatric disorders, we have investigated the physical distance of this gene from the transl ... | 1997 | 9460801 |
| peter lowe: founder of the faculty, man of mystery. | | 1995 | 9468811 |
| influenza activity in england, wales, and scotland. | | 1998 | 9476419 |
| dopamine d3-receptor gene variant and susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients. | schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness with a life-time risk of approximately one percent. many of the patients, but not all, benefit from treatment with anti-psychotic drugs known to block dopamine d2-like receptors. the use of conventional neuroleptics is, however, hampered by the risk of extrapyramidal side-effects. tardive dyskinesia (td) is usually regarded as the most serious of these drug-induced movement disorders due to its high prevalence and potentially irreversible nature. in ... | 1997 | 9106238 |
| larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom. | to test the validity of benjamin franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." | 1998 | 9857121 |
| antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica typhimurium dt104 isolates and investigation of strains with transferable apramycin resistance. | an examination of salmonella isolates collected by the scottish agricultural college veterinary services division from april 1994 to may 1995 was conducted to determine the extent to which salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium phage type 104 (dt104) occurred and to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates. typhimurium dt104 was the predominant salmonella and was isolated from nine species of animal. all isolates of this phage type possessed resistance to at least one anti ... | 1997 | 9129585 |
| analysis of influenza a h3n2 strains isolated in england during 1995-1996 using polymerase chain reaction restriction. | a polymerase chain reaction-restriction (pcr-restriction) endonuclease assay was developed to allow rapid analysis of influenza a h3n2 viruses circulating in england during 1995-1996. restriction endonuclease digestion with two enzymes of amplicons derived from pcr of the ha1 portion of the influenza haemagglutinin (ha) gene was able to differentiate antigenically similar influenza strains into two groups. group i variants were similar genetically to the 1995/96 vaccine strain, a/johannesburg/33 ... | 1997 | 9139090 |
| childhood energy intake and adult mortality from cancer: the boyd orr cohort study. | to examine the relation between energy intake in childhood and adult mortality from cancer. | 1998 | 9501710 |
| socioeconomic deprivation and health in glasgow and the west of scotland--a study of cancer incidence among male residents of hostels for the single homeless. | to determine the incidence of cancer among homeless men in glasgow. | 1997 | 9519130 |
| molecular typing of salmonella serotype thompson strains isolated from human and animal sources. | one-hundred-and-thirteen isolates of salmonella serotype thompson from diverse sources in seven countries were characterized by pvuii ribotyping and is200 fingerprinting. ten pvuii ribotypes were observed. the predominant pvuii ribotype 1 represented a major clone of world-wide distribution but was not found in australia; pvuii ribotypes 2 and 3 represented minor clones. hincii ribotyping discriminated subtypes within pvuii ribotype 1: hincii ribotype 1 was distributed widely but hincii ribotype ... | 1999 | 10098783 |
| epidemiology of epstein-barr virus infection in pre-adolescent children: application of a new salivary method in edinburgh, scotland. | to describe the epidemiology of epstein-barr virus (ebv) among primary school children by testing saliva with a new ebv capsid antigen "g" antibody capture radioimmunoassay (gacria). | 1998 | 9578856 |
| factors affecting the lifespan of the human dentition in britain prior to the seventeenth century. | to confirm that compensatory eruption (supereruption) of teeth past a stable periodontium occurs in response to severe occlusal attrition. | 1998 | 9581041 |
| do not confuse the bone loss of periodontitis with root exposure due to supereruption. factors affecting the lifespan of the human dentition in britain prior to the seventeenth century. | | 1998 | 9606077 |
| the immunology of canine leishmaniosis: strong evidence for a developing disease spectrum from asymptomatic dogs. | asymptomatic mixed breed dogs (49) from a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniosis in portugal were examined for the presence of leishmania-specific cellular immunity using a proliferation assay and humoral immunity using an indirect antibody fluorescent test (ifat) and an elisa. the results were compared directly with 25 mixed breed dogs permanently residing in a non-endemic region (scotland). unlike similar studies in humans from non-endemic areas, there was no evidence of any immuno ... | 1998 | 9615951 |
| balancing restriction and freedom in the care of people with intellectual disability. | the case of a 50-year-old man with severe intellectual disability is described. after 20 years of institutional care, the subject was moved to a newly opened community group home. his physical and mental health deteriorated at this location after unproven allegations of sexual abuse which had taken place whilst he had been living in the institution. although the subject's health continued to deteriorate, there was resistance to his readmission to the same hospital for assessment. he had always n ... | 1998 | 9617703 |
| genetics of psoriasis: paternal inheritance and a locus on chromosome 6p. | the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not fully understood, but population and twin studies suggest a large heritable component to the etiology. several large population studies have also suggested a parental sex effect. since 1994, three main genetic loci (on chromosomes 17q, 4q, and 6p) have been reported in genome scans. with a view to elucidating the genetic basis of psoriasis, we have carried out linkage analysis in a large number of families with well-characterized psoriasis. from a cohort of 1 ... | 1998 | 9620305 |
| sexual transmission of gb virus c/hepatitis g virus. | although it is established that infection with gb virus c (gbv-c) or hepatitis g virus (hgv) can be transmitted parenterally, the prevalence of gbv-c/hgv viremia in the general population (2-5%) is relatively high compared with other parenterally borne viruses such as hepatitis c virus. to investigate the possibility of sexual transmission of gbv-c/hgv, we determined the frequency of viremia by the polymerase chain reaction and serological reactivity to the e2 protein by elisa in samples collect ... | 1998 | 9624607 |
| a tribute to the late hans w. kosterlitz: ploughing the lone furrow. | hans kosterlitz was a quiet, rather modest man, who was greatly respected, both as a scientist and as a person of real courage, honour, judgement, polite manners, and inflexible integrity of conduct and consistency of principle. his deep sense of social responsibility and his concern about making a worthwhile contribution for the benefit of mankind were reflected in his choice of research topics, in a career spanning more than 65 years. his major research interests were also exceptionally wide r ... | 1998 | 9673787 |
| human alpha-adducin gene, blood pressure, and sodium metabolism. | the adducin genes contribute significantly to population variation in rat blood pressure and cell membrane sodium transport. the 460trp mutation of the human alpha-adducin gene has been associated with hypertension, in particular hypertension sensitive to sodium restriction. we studied the relationship between the 460trp mutation and population variation in blood pressure and sodium metabolism. from 603 scottish families, we selected 151 offspring and 224 parents with blood pressures in either t ... | 1998 | 9674650 |
| molecular instability in the coii-trna(lys) intergenic region of the human mitochondrial genome: multiple origins of the 9-bp deletion and heteroplasmy for expanded repeats. | we have identified two individuals from glasgow in scotland who have a deletion of one of two copies of the intergenic 9-bp sequence motif ccccctcta, located between the cytochrome oxidase ii (coii) and lysine trna (trna(lys)) genes of the human mitochondrial genome. although this polymorphism is common in africa and asia, it has not been reported in northern europe. analysis of the mitochondrial dna control region sequences of these two individuals suggests that they belong to a lineage that or ... | 1998 | 9684291 |
| the effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. | to determine whether the decline in selenium intake and selenium status in men in the west of scotland might be a contributory factor to male subfertility. | 1998 | 9698665 |
| a simplified assay for the arylamine n-acetyltransferase 2 polymorphism validated by phenotyping with isoniazid. | human arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) activity is determined by two distinct genes, nat1 and nat2, and the classical acetylation polymorphism in nat2 has been associated with a variety of disorders, including lupus erythematosus and arylamine induced cancers. over 50% of the white population exhibit a slow acetylator phenotype. the genetic basis of the defect has been identified and several dna based assays are available for genotyping studies. we present here a simplified, rapid pcr based a ... | 1997 | 9321764 |
| looking to hume for justice: on the utility of hume's view of justice for american health care reform. | this essay argues that hume's theory of justice can be useful in framing a more persuasive case for universal access in health care. theories of justice derived from a rawlsian social contract tradition tend to make the conditions for deliberation on justice remote from the lives of most persons, while religiously-inspired views require superhuman levels of benevolence. by contrast, hume's theory derives justice from the prudent reflections of socially-encumbered selves. this provides a more acc ... | 1999 | 10517298 |
| gps, schoolgirls and sex. a cross cultural background comparison of general practitioner attitudes towards contraceptive service provision for young adolescent females in scotland. | no previous studies have examined the influences of cultural background on the provision of contraceptive services to females under 16 years of age. a research project was undertaken to investigate any differences between general practitioners trained in the united kingdom and those trained in the indian sub-continent in relation to contraceptive service provision to females under 16 years of age. a self-completion postal questionnaire survey was distributed to 230 unrestricted principal general ... | 1998 | 9719710 |
| support for the possible locus on chromosome 4p16 for bipolar affective disorder. | significant evidence for linkage between bipolar affective disorder and markers on chromosome 4p16 has been reported in scottish families. linkage analyses using 16 dna markers covering more than 50 cm from chromosome 4pter-4p12, including candidate genes encoding the dopamine d5 receptor and an adrenergic receptor (2c), were performed in two danish families with bipolar affective disorder. assuming homogeneity in the two families, the highest lod score found in the two-point linkage analyses wa ... | 1998 | 9774780 |
| human but not ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis are highly clonal as determined by pcr-based rapd fingerprinting. | the dna fingerprints of 170 human isolates and ten ovine isolates of bordetella parapertussis were examined by arbitrarily-primed pcr/rapd with 29 primers. based on this technique, all the human isolates appear highly genetically homogeneous. the ovine isolates could be distinguished from human isolates and they showed diversity among themselves. therefore, human isolates of b. parapertussis are a highly clonal group adapted to infect humans and they are distinct from polymorphic ovine isolates. | 1998 | 9795782 |
| a long-range restriction map across 3 mb of the chromosome 11 breakpoint region of a translocation linked to schizophrenia: localization of the breakpoint and the search for neighbouring genes. | a balanced t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) translocation segregates with schizophrenia and related mental illness in a single large scottish pedigree. we have constructed a long-range restriction map covering at least 3 mb of the chromosome 11 breakpoint region and conducted searches for genes whose expression could be altered by the translocation, resulting in schizophrenia. novel transcribed sequences of unknown function clustered around putative cpg islands, located approximately 500 kb and 700 kb above ... | 1998 | 9800219 |
| salmonella typhimurium dt104 infection in people and animals in scotland: a collaborative epidemiological study 1993-96. | this paper describes a comparative analysis of human and farm animal salmonellosis in scotland between 1993 and 1996, with particular reference to salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104). cattle were the main reservoir, accounting for 73.1 per cent of incidents involving all salmonellae and 69.5 per cent of those involving s typhimurium dt104. the annual rates of incidence in people and cattle were recorded in each health board area. dumfries and galloway had the highest rate of incid ... | 1998 | 9800300 |
| prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics of hepatitis g virus/gb virus c infection in scottish blood donors. | the prevalence, incidence, clinical features, and natural history of hepatitis g virus (hgv) or gb virus c (gbv-c) were investigated in a non-remunerated blood donor population to determine its clinical significance and its impact on blood safety. of 1020 regular blood donors, 23 (2.25%) were positive for plasma hgv/gbv-c rna. alanine aminotransferase levels were lower than in uninfected donors (median, 20 iu/ml; 32 iu/ml in controls; p=.015). clinical examination produced no other evidence for ... | 1998 | 9815233 |
| injector-inmates and anal sex with another man in prison. | | 1998 | 9874133 |
| estimation of injecting drug users in the city of edinburgh, scotland, and number infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | to estimate (1) the number of current and former injecting drug users (idu) infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) alive in edinburgh, and (2) the total number of current injectors in the city. | 1999 | 10195675 |
| clinical follow-up of high mid-trimester maternal serum intact human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in singleton pregnancies. | mid-trimester biochemical screening of 38 143 pregnancies in south-east scotland revealed 127 cases (0.34 per cent) in which the maternal serum (ms) intact human chorionic gonadotrophin (hcg) concentration was > or = 4 multiples of the median in singleton pregnancies (mom). three were lost to follow-up but in 72 (58 per cent) complications developed or there were associated fetal abnormalities. this percentage was greatest at very high hcg concentrations, 92 per cent with hcg > or = 10 mom (n = ... | 1999 | 10210119 |
| familial pseudohyperkalemia maps to the same locus as dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (hereditary xerocytosis). | familial pseudohyperkalemia is a "leaky red blood cell" condition in which the cells show a temperature-dependent loss of potassium (k) from red blood cells when stored at room temperature, manifesting as apparent hyperkalemia. the red blood cells show a reduced lifespan in vivo but there is no frank hemolysis. studies of cation content and transport show a marginal increase in permeability at 37 degrees c and a degree of cellular dehydration, qualitatively similar to the changes seen in dehydra ... | 1999 | 10216110 |
| the "sins" of the fathers: self-healing squamous epithelioma in scotland. | a review is presented of the recent progress made in mapping of the hereditary skin disease "ferguson-smith multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma." | 1999 | 10366398 |
| a protective role for common p21waf1/cip1 polymorphisms in human ovarian cancer. | the objective of this study was to compare the frequency of two common p21waf1/cip1 gene polymorphisms in ovarian cancer patients with that in age-matched controls, from a population originating from eastern scotland. both polymorphisms were found significantly less frequently in both the constitutive and tumour tissue dna of ovarian cancer patients (3/65; 4.6%), than in that from geographically and age-matched controls (25/186; 13.4%) (p=0.0495, chi2). furthermore, we found no p21waf1/cip1 gene ... | 1999 | 10375603 |
| detecting qtls for uni- and bipolar disorder using a variance component method. | the objective of this study was to use a robust variance component method to analyse unipolar and bipolar disorder in a large scottish extended family (n = 168) in which linkage between markers and disease has been previously reported on the short arm of chromosome 4. data consisted of diagnosed clinical uni- or bipolar disorder on 143 individuals, with microsatellite marker information on 109 of these individuals. the incidence of unipolar and bipolar disorder in the family was 17/143, and 11/1 ... | 1999 | 10412186 |
| association study of the cacn1a4 (sca6) triplet repeat and schizophrenia. | the p/q type ca2+ channel alpha 1-subunit (cacn1a4) gene on chromosome 19p13 is a promising candidate susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. point mutations in cacn1a4 cause familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia. expansion in a coding 3' cag repeat causes spino-cerebellar ataxia type 6 (sca6). the mouse mutant phenotype totterer has a form of petit-mal epilepsy. these are neurological conditions, all of which exhibit features in common with schizophrenia. the 19p13 area is also paral ... | 1999 | 10412193 |
| the molecular basis of malonyl-coa decarboxylase deficiency. | we characterized a 2.1-kb human cdna with a 1362-bp (454-amino acid) open reading frame showing 70.3% amino acid identity to goose malonyl-coa decarboxylase (mcd). we have identified two different homozygous mutations in human mcd (hmcd) by using rt-pcr analysis of fibroblast rna from two previously reported consanguineous scottish patients with mcd deficiency. the first mutation is a 442c-->g transversion resulting in a premature stop codon (s148x) in the n-terminal half of the protein. the sec ... | 1999 | 10417274 |
| a six year study of the antenatal detection of fetal abnormality in six scottish health boards. | to assess the sensitivity of prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound and biochemical methods, to evaluate the reasons for non-detection and to make appropriate recommendations. | 1999 | 10426638 |
| abortion, relationship, and property in labor: a clinical case study. | | 1999 | 10513301 |
| hume on the nonhuman animal. | hume wrote about fundamental similarities and dissimilarities between human and nonhuman animals. his work was centered on the cognitive and emotional lives of animals, rather than their moral or legal standing, but his theories have implications for issues of moral standing. the historical background of these controversies reaches to ancient philosophy and to several prominent figures in early modern philosophy. hume develops several of the themes in this literature. his underlying method is an ... | 1999 | 10517296 |
| hume's influence on john gregory and the history of medical ethics. | the concept of medicine as a profession in the english-language literature of medical ethics is of recent vintage, invented by the scottish physician and medical ethicist, john gregory (1724-1773). gregory wrote the first secular, philosophical, clinical, and feminine medical ethics and bioethics in the english language and did so on the basis of hume's principle of sympathy. this paper provides a brief account of gregory's invention and the role that humean sympathy plays in that invention, wit ... | 1999 | 10517300 |
| genital herpes simplex typing in genitourinary medicine: 1995-1999. | retrospective study of all culture-positive first episode genital herpes (hsv) presenting to genitourinary medicine (gum) over a 4-year period, showing a high prevalence of type 1 (71%) hsv infection, most marked in women. this has implications for counselling patients and for the use of type-specific serological testing. | 2000 | 10990333 |
| first outbreak of influenza in the united kingdom this season hits orkney. | | 1999 | 10520566 |
| effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness. | testosterone-dependent secondary sexual characteristics in males may signal immunological competence and are sexually selected for in several species. in humans, oestrogen-dependent characteristics of the female body correlate with health and reproductive fitness and are found attractive. enhancing the sexual dimorphism of human faces should raise attractiveness by enhancing sex-hormone-related cues to youth and fertility in females, and to dominance and immunocompetence in males. here we report ... | 1998 | 9732869 |
| management of symptomatic bph in the uk: who is treated and how? | to review the contemporary management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) in the united kingdom (uk). | 1999 | 10559629 |
| a sense of time and place--meeting report of hugo spatial organisation of the genome workshop, edinburgh, 14-15 may 1999. human genome organisation. | | 1999 | 10560965 |
| uptake of calcium and magnesium by human scalp hair from waters of different geographic locations. | the uptake of ca2+ and mg2+ by human scalp hair from waters of 24 different locations throughout the world was determined. the uptake was found to vary markedly depending on the initial total hardness and ph of the water. water of high initial total hardness and/or high initial ph were found, in general, to result in more hair adsorption of these alkaline earth cations. when hair is washed with these differing waters, varying effects are then found in the eventual coiffure. | 1999 | 10570842 |
| association between variants at the gabaabeta2, gabaaalpha6 and gabaagamma2 gene cluster and alcohol dependence in a scottish population. | a role for the gaba/benzodiazepine receptor complex in alcohol dependence syndrome has been suggested by several lines of evidence. to elucidate the role of gabaa subunits in human alcohol dependence syndrome, we identified polymorphisms in the gabaabeta2 and gabaaalpha6 receptor subunit genes on 5q33 and assessed their potential contribution in an association study, together with a ncii rflp at the gabaagamma2 receptor subunit gene. one hundred and eight alcohol-dependent subjects and 54 unrela ... | 1999 | 10578235 |
| observations on some of the plates used to illustrate the lymphatics section of andrew fyfe's compendium of the anatomy of the human body, published in 1800. | an engraving displaying a general view of the absorbent system was used as one of many plates illustrating the lymphatics section of andrew fyfe's compendium of the anatomy of the human body published in 1800. it is a scaled-down version of a life-size engraving displayed in the museum of the department of anatomy at the university of edinburgh, and is based on a cadaver specially dissected and injected with mercury in 1788 by alexander monro secundus, probably with the assistance of fyfe, who w ... | 1999 | 9890727 |
| an examination of next-day hangover effects after a 100 mg/100 ml dose of alcohol in heavy social drinkers. | carry-over effects or the hangover hypothesis postulates that alcohol continues to impair performance the morning after drinking, even after low or moderate doses. performance deficits have been attributed to the residual effects of recent drinking. the present study examined evidence for residual alcohol consumption on human performance when blood alcohol level has declined to zero. | 1998 | 9926571 |
| molecular evidence for heterogeneity of the multiple-drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis population in scotland (1990 to 1997). | multiple-drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis (mdr-mtb) has been well studied in hospitals or health care institutions and in human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. however, the characteristics of mdr-mtb in the community have not been well investigated. an understanding of its prevalence and circulation within the community will help to estimate the problem and optimize the strategies for control and prevention of its development and transmission. in this study, mdr-mtb isolate ... | 1999 | 10074516 |
| distribution of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaete dna in british ticks (argasidae and ixodidae) since the 19th century, assessed by pcr. | the distribution of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the lyme borreliosis agent, was surveyed in british ticks in the collection of the natural history museum, london. alcohol-preserved specimens of eight species of ticks known to attack humans were studied: ixodes ricinus, i. hexagonus, i. uriae, i. trianguliceps, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, rhipicephalus sanguineus and argas vespertilionis. the sample comprised all life stages and originated from a wide range of host speci ... | 1998 | 9513944 |
| young people learning about aids: a study of beliefs and information sources. | a study of the views of scottish teenagers and undergraduates on health education issues relevant to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) spread is reported. a sample of 1008 young people (690 teenagers and 318 students) returned a postal questionnaire designed to measure a range of relevant cognitions. these included levels of concern, perceived knowledge, perceived vulnerability, perceived seriousness, recall of health education campaigns, preferred information sources and views on the discuss ... | 1991 | 10148724 |
| intestinal protozoa in homosexual men in edinburgh. | our objective was to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in homosexual men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (std) clinic, to compare it with the prevalence in a previous study from the same clinic, and to examine the relationship, if any, between the presence of protozoa and sexual practices. men who consecutively attended the clinic and who gave a history of having had recent sexual contact with another male were invited to provide a stool sample for protozoological examina ... | 1999 | 10639057 |
| effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial. | vaccination of health-care workers has been claimed to prevent nosocomial influenza infection of elderly patients in long-term care. data are, however, limited on this strategy. we aimed to find out whether vaccination of health-care workers lowers mortality and the frequency of virologically proven influenza in such patients. | 2000 | 10675165 |
| the effect of dietary trans alpha-linolenic acid on plasma lipids and platelet fatty acid composition: the transline study. | to collect (i) baseline data and (ii) execute a large multicentre study examining the effect of trans alpha-linolenic acid on its incorporation into plasma lipids and on risk factors for coronary heart disease. | 2000 | 10694780 |
| public health implications of new guidelines for lead in drinking water: a case study in an area with historically high water lead levels. | concern about the neurotoxicity of lead, particularly in infants and young children, has led to a revision of blood lead levels which are considered to involve an acceptable level of human exposure. drinking water guidelines have also been reviewed in order to reduce this source of population exposure to lead. in the last 20 years, guidelines have been reduced from 100 to 50 to 10 microg/litre. lead in tap water used to be a major public health problem in glasgow because of the high prevalence o ... | 2000 | 10717374 |
| uk's position on human cloning provokes hostile reaction in europe union. | | 2000 | 10776759 |
| effects of influenza vaccination of health care workers on mortality of elderly people. | | 2000 | 10778830 |
| lack of linkage between chromosome 5q23-33 markers and ige/bronchial hyperreactivity in 67 scottish families. | raised serum immunoglobulin e (ige) and bronchial hyperreactivity (bhr) are risk factors for the expression of the asthma phenotype. previous studies have reported evidence for linkage between these traits and markers on the 5q23-33 cytokine gene cluster. | 2000 | 10848917 |
| verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli: a veterinary view. | this overview places verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in perspective with other e. coli types that cause disease in animals. vtec o157 and other verocytotoxin-producing serotypes cause severe disease in man but to date, although other vtec are found in animals, zoonosis appears to be associated with e. coli o157 only. the epidemiology of e. coli o157 in cattle has been studied in scotland, and this work is described alongside current knowledge. | 2000 | 10880177 |
| the effects of multimedia communication technology on non-collocated teams: a case study. | collaborative teams are becoming increasingly important for industry, both within and across companies. there is a need for communication technology to support teams because many teams are non-collocated, or 'virtual'. two automotive supply chain teams were observed while they were experimenting with multimedia conferencing in order to determine what support non-collocated teams need and the potential effects of introducing technologies on their group processes. the observations included meeting ... | 2000 | 10975182 |
| a longitudinal survey of the evolution of some cardiovascular risk factors during the careers of male firefighters retiring from strathclyde fire brigade from 1985-1994. | this paper is based on a retrospective survey of the cardiovascular risk factor records of 526 wholetime male firefighters retiring from strathclyde fire brigade during the decade beginning 1 january 1985 who had accumulated 14,022 man-years of service. changes in body mass index (bmi) and systolic & diastolic blood pressure (s&dbp) were observed from enlistment and through the triennial routine medical examinations (rme) which took place from age 40 to retirement, usually occurring after age 50 ... | 2000 | 10986742 |
| sir william osler and john hunter. | "john hunter ..... the man in whose phenomenal personality may be seen all the distinctive traits of modern medicine, and the range of whose mighty intellect has had few, if any, equals since aristotle". | 2000 | 10986745 |
| rapid virological surveillance of community influenza infection in general practice. | | 2000 | 10999907 |
| permanent vegetative state and the law. | | 2001 | 11511740 |
| haemophilia care in central scotland 1980-94. i. demographic characteristics, hospital admissions and causes of death. | to estimate the resources required to manage patients with haemophilia in scotland, we studied the demographic features, hospital admissions and causes of deaths for individuals with haemophilia a and b and von willebrand disease, treated with blood products, during the period 1980-94 living in central scotland. data were obtained from 413 adults and children (93% ascertainment). the age distribution in 1980 revealed a paucity of individuals over 60 years but the number in this age group increas ... | 2000 | 11012692 |
| a longitudinal study of hpv detection and cervical pathology in hiv infected women. | to monitor the presence and persistence of high risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) in cervical brushings from hiv infected women. | 2000 | 11026879 |
| human leucocyte antigen-a2 increases risk of alzheimer's disease but does not affect age of onset in a scottish population. | the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been associated with a reduced incidence of alzheimer's disease (ad), suggesting that attenuation of the inflammatory response may be beneficial. several, but not all, genetic association studies have shown human leucocyte antigen (hla)-a2, a major histocompatibility complex class i antigen-binding transmembrane protein has an increased frequency in ad compared to controls, and in some reports is associated with a lowered age of onset. we furt ... | 2000 | 11044581 |
| aberrant rna splicing in the hmsh2 gene: molecular identification of three aberrant rna in scottish patients with colorectal cancer in the west of scotland. | blood samples from 47 unselected patients with colorectal cancer were used as a source of hmsh2 mrna. we identified three new hmsh2 aberrant mrnas including: 1) ivs15 +5 g-->c resulting in exon 15 skipping from transcript; 2) an mrna deletion of exons 2 to 6 inclusive; and 3) an mrna deletion of exons 2 to 8 inclusive. in order to find out whether or not exon skipping is a natural consequence of alternative mrna splicing, total rna from 20 healthy individuals was converted to cdna by reverse-tra ... | 2000 | 11074494 |
| population carrier frequency of hmsh2 and hmlh1 mutations. | knowledge of population carrier frequency for dna mismatch repair (mmr) gene mutations would contribute to understanding the burden of cancer due to genetic susceptibility, but robust prevalence estimates are lacking. to estimate carrier frequency, we genotyped a cohort of relatives of mutation carriers and determined their colorectal cancer prevalence. systematic finnish and us data were combined with scottish genotype and cancer prevalence data in a bayesian calculation. the estimated carrier ... | 2000 | 11104559 |
| robert liston: surgeon extraordinary. | robert liston was probably the best surgeon in his day, being noted for his skill and his speed as an operator. his life as surgeon, teacher and writer have been reviewed. examples of some of his cases are given to illustrate the outstanding ability of this man in the pre-anaesthetic era. | 1999 | 10613288 |
| scotland facing worst flu outbreak for six years. | | 2000 | 10634726 |
| capture-recapture: a useful methodological tool for counting traffic related injuries? | although the capture-recapture technique is increasingly employed in studies of human populations to correct for under-ascertainment in traditional epidemiological surveillance, it has rarely been used in injury research. | 2000 | 11144633 |
| robert knox md, frcsed, frsed 1791-1862: the first conservator of the college museum. | in 1791, the year in which mozart died, there was born in edinburgh a man who had some of the attributes of genius and whose name, but for a trivial mischance, might today occupy a distinguished place in the illustrious history of the edinburgh medical school. instead of this, his career was shattered and his reputation blighted forever by fortuitous association with a gruesome and macabre scandal the story of which is as shocking today as it was to our forebears 172 years ago. to the world at l ... | 2000 | 11153431 |
| a polymorphic microsatellite marker in the human p55 tnf receptor, cd120a. | we provide characterization of a highly polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the human tnf-receptor 1 gene (tnfr1, tnfrp55, cd120a). we have observed 11 alleles at this locus in individuals from the west of scotland. in a panel of healthy, unrelated individuals from the west of scotland (n = 143), the overall heterozygosity was 68%, indicating the potential usefulness of these markers in immunogenetic studies. | 2000 | 11196717 |
| frederick knox, younger brother and assistant of dr robert knox: his contribution to "knox's catalogues". | analysis of the material written in the two manuscript volumes known as the "old" and "new" knox catalogues has revealed that most of their contents are in the hand of frederick knox, younger brother of dr robert knox. frederick was employed by dr knox as his research assistant, and prepared detailed lists of the items in his brother's museum collection. he also dissected and prepared human and non-human specimens, many of which were described by dr knox in his numerous publications. as relative ... | 2001 | 11242743 |