| epidemiologic application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni in an austrian youth centre. | we report the first documented campylobacter jejuni outbreak in an austrian youth centre. sixty-four children were involved of which 38 showed classical signs of campylobacter gastroenteritis. since unpasteurized milk distributed by a local dairy was suspected to be the source of infection, stool samples were collected from 20 cows providing the milk. five of the cows tested positive for c. jejuni. these isolates together with 37 clinical samples were compared by pulsed-field-gel electrophoresis ... | 2000 | 11057954 |
| campylobacter jejuni bacteremia in an immunocompetent japanese child. | | 2000 | 11059556 |
| identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni by use of a fluorogenic pcr assay. | fluoroquinolones are one class of antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat severe campylobacter jejuni infection. c. jejuni strains resistant to high levels of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin (mic >/=16 microg/ml) have been predominantly characterized with a c-->t transition in codon 86 of gyra. the gyra gene encodes one subunit of dna gyrase, which is a primary target for fluoroquinolone antibiotics. this study establishes a rapid pcr-based taqman method for identifying ciprofloxacin-resis ... | 2000 | 11060054 |
| a case of guillain-barré syndrome following a family outbreak of campylobacter jejuni enteritis. | we describe an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni enteritis involving three family members of whom one developed guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). the patients' serum reacted strongly with several gangliosides and with the lipopolysaccharide (lps) fractions from the c. jejuni strains isolated from his family members. only low titer anti-ganglioside antibodies were found in his siblings. hla-typing did not indicate a locus associated with auto-antibody production. comparing the immune response in gbs ... | 2000 | 11063843 |
| uptake pathways of clinical and healthy animal isolates of campylobacter jejuni into int-407 cells. | campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from human and animal sources showed different invasion levels into human embryonic intestinal (int-407) cells. there was no significant relation between the degree of invasion and cytotoxins production. the depolymerization of both microfilaments by cytochalasin-d and microtubules by colchicine, demecolcine and nocodazole or stabilization of microtubules by paclitaxel reduced the invasiveness of c. jejuni, although microfilament depolymerization showed gre ... | 2000 | 11064267 |
| the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity. | spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ... | 2000 | 11073915 |
| expression of invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni after serial intraperitoneal passages in mice. | we investigated the possibility of inducing the expression of invasiveness in 10 non-invading, laboratory-adapted campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni strains, after serial intraperitoneal (i.p.) passage in mice. all the strains expressed invasive capacity after the first passage, with an increase in invasion rates and the number of internalized bacteria after each passage. these results suggest that i.p. passage enhances the expression of invasiveness in c. jejuni ssp. jejuni strains. | 2000 | 11075552 |
| increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, t lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. | post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome (pd-ibs) develops in up to 25% of patients following campylobacter enteritis. our aim was to define the pathological basis of this subgroup of ibs. | 2000 | 11076879 |
| genotyping of clinical and chicken isolates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | genomic dna from 58 strains of campylobacter made up of 48 campylobacter jejuni and ten campylobacter coli were digested with sma i and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the cleavage of dna by sma i gave 22 distinct hybridization patterns. the two campylobacter species were subtyped by pfge. the average genomic size for c. jejuni by sma i digestion was 1.73 mb, while that of c. coli gave 1.7 mb. results from this study indicate that pfge analysis by sma i digested genomic dna ... | 2000 | 11077971 |
| microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in johannesburg, south africa. | one hundred and thirty-two samples of beef, chicken, salad and gravy were collected from two street vendors over eleven replicate surveys to assess microbiological safety and quality. for each food type samples were collected during preparation and holding. dish water was also collected and food preparation surfaces swabbed during preparation and display. standard methods were used to determine aerobic plate counts, enterobacteriaceae counts, coliform counts and spore counts. six hundred and sev ... | 2000 | 11078164 |
| an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections associated with food handler contamination: the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | in 1998, an outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infections occurred in kansas among persons attending a school luncheon; community cases were also reported. in a cohort study of luncheon attendees, 27 (17%) of 161 persons reported illness. consuming gravy (relative risk [rr], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.5-11.7) or pineapple (rr, 2.4; 95% ci, 1.0-5.7) was associated with illness. both foods were prepared in a kitchen that served 6 other schools where no illness was reported. a cafeteria wor ... | 2001 | 11078485 |
| reduction of campylobacter jejuni in a simulated chicken digestive tract by lactobacilli cultures. | studies were conducted to investigate the impact of a selected lactobacilli mixed culture on campylobacter jejuni in simulated chicken digestive tract models. veronal buffer solutions corresponding to the ph of successive segments of the chicken digestive tract were prepared. the lactobacilli mixtures were prepared by mixing four fresh lactobacilli cultures, including lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus fermenentum, lactobacillus crispatus, and lactobacillus brevis. the c. jejuni and lactob ... | 2000 | 11079707 |
| antibacterial spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756. | the in vitro spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756, was compared with those of five fluoroquinolones (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin). bms-284756 was among the most active and often was the most active quinolone against staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci, pneumococci (including ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-resistant strains), and enterococcus faecalis. bms-284756 inhibited approximately 6 ... | 2000 | 11083639 |
| campylobacter jejuni cytolethal distending toxin mediates release of interleukin-8 from intestinal epithelial cells. | live cells of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli can induce release of interleukin-8 (il-8) from int407 cells. additionally, membrane fractions of c. jejuni 81-176, but not membrane fractions of c. coli strains, can also induce release of il-8. membrane preparations from 81-176 mutants defective in any of the three membrane-associated protein subunits of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) were unable to induce il-8. the presence of the three cdt genes on a shuttle plasmid in trans restor ... | 2000 | 11083762 |
| sialylation of lipooligosaccharide cores affects immunogenicity and serum resistance of campylobacter jejuni. | three genes involved in biosynthesis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) core of campylobacter jejuni msc57360, the type strain of the hs:1 serotype, whose structure mimics gm(2) ganglioside, have been cloned and characterized. mutation of genes encoding proteins with homology to a sialyl transferase (cstii) and a putative n-acetylmannosamine synthetase (neuc1), part of the biosynthetic pathway of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neunac), have identical phenotypes. the los cores of these mutants display id ... | 2000 | 11083778 |
| cellular internalization of cytolethal distending toxin from haemophilus ducreyi. | the chancroid bacterium haemophilus ducreyi produces a toxin (hdcdt) which is a member of the recently discovered family of cytolethal distending toxins (cdts). these protein toxins prevent the cyclin-dependent kinase cdc2 from being activated, thus blocking the transition of cells from the g(2) phase into mitosis, with the consequent arrest of intoxicated cells in g(2). it is not known whether these toxins act by signaling from the cell surface or intracellularly only. here we report that hdcdt ... | 2000 | 11083812 |
| dna rearrangements in the flagellin locus of an flaa mutant of campylobacter jejuni during colonization of chicken ceca. | campylobacter jejuni is an enteropathogen for humans but commensal for chickens. in both hosts, the flagella and motility are important colonization factors. the flagellin gene is duplicated in campylobacter, but only one flagellin gene, flaa, is sufficient for motility. we found that, during colonization of the chicken intestine, a nonmotile flaa mutant of c. jejuni underwent rearrangements within its flagellin locus, thereby regaining its motility and colonization capacity. in contrast, in vit ... | 2000 | 11083841 |
| campylobacters: the most common bacterial enteropathogens in the nordic countries. | campylobacters have been known as important human pathogens since the late 1970s. campylobacter jejuni and coli are the most common bacterial enteropathogens in the developed countries. during the past years an increasing incidence of campylobacteriosis has been reported in many developed countries. c. jejuni is the most common campylobacter species while c. coli accounts for about 5-10% of the cases. although the genome of c. jejuni nctc 11168 strain was sequenced recently, the exact pathogenet ... | 2000 | 11087163 |
| evidence for horizontal gene transfer in evolution of elongation factor tu in enterococci. | the elongation factor tu, encoded by tuf genes, is a gtp binding protein that plays a central role in protein synthesis. one to three tuf genes per genome are present, depending on the bacterial species. most low-g+c-content gram-positive bacteria carry only one tuf gene. we have designed degenerate pcr primers derived from consensus sequences of the tuf gene to amplify partial tuf sequences from 17 enterococcal species and other phylogenetically related species. the amplified dna fragments were ... | 2000 | 11092850 |
| molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions v. assault of the tight junction by enteric pathogens. | studies of the impact of enteric pathogens and their virulence factors on the proteins comprising the tight junction and zonula adherens offer a novel approach to dissection of tight junctional complex regulation. most studies to date provide only tantalizing clues that select pathogens may indeed assault the tight junctional complex. information on critical human pathogens such as campylobacter jejuni and shigella and salmonella subspecies is lacking. mechanistic studies are currently sparse, b ... | 2000 | 11093933 |
| identification of taxonomic and epidemiological relationships among campylobacter species by numerical analysis of aflp profiles. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based profiling was performed on 138 strains representing all named campylobacter species and subspecies. profiles of 15/16 species comprised 6 to greater than 100 fragments and were subjected to numerical analysis. the mean similarity of 48 duplicate, outbreak and/or 'identical' strain profiles exceeded 94%. species were clearly distinguished at the 17.90% similarity (s-) level in the dendrogram. subspecies of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter ... | 2000 | 11094296 |
| detection on surfaces and in caco-2 cells of campylobacter jejuni cells transformed with new gfp, yfp, and cfp marker plasmids. | we have developed two sets of campylobacter shuttle vectors containing either the gfp (green fluorescent protein), yfp (yellow fluorescent protein), or cfp (cyan fluorescent protein) reporter gene. in one set, the reporter gene is fused to a consensus campylobacter promoter sequence (p(c)). the other set contains a puc18 multicloning site upstream of the reporter gene, allowing the construction of transcriptional fusions using known promoters or random genomic fragments. c. jejuni cells transfor ... | 2000 | 11097924 |
| functional tn5393-like transposon in the r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida isolated in norway. | tn5393c containing stra-strb was identified as part of r plasmid pras2 from the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. this is the first time an intact and active transposon in the tn5393 family has been reported in an ecological niche other than an agricultural habitat. | 2000 | 11097945 |
| does enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 enter the viable but nonculturable state in salted salmon roe? | an outbreak caused by salted salmon roe contaminated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 occurred in japan in 1998. since about 0.75 to 1.5 viable cells were estimated to cause infection, we presumed that o157 might enter the viable but nonculturable (vnc) state in salted salmon roe and consequently that viable cell numbers might be underestimated. although patient-originating o157 cells could not grow on agar plates after 72 h of incubation in 13% nacl, they were resuscitated in yeast ... | 2000 | 11097946 |
| pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. | inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy causes a spectrum of conditions ranging from acute (guillain-barré syndrome), through subacute to chronic forms. the pathogenesis of acute forms is related to antibody responses against glycolipid epitopes which mimic bacterial, especially campylobacter jejuni, structures but t cells are also involved. the pathogenesis of chronic forms is poorly understood. different forms differ in their responses to steroids. chronic inflammatory demyelinating ... | 2000 | 11098290 |
| prevalence of diarrheagenic escherichia coli in finns with or without diarrhea during a round-the-world trip. | the incidence of diarrhea and the prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens, viruses, and parasites in feces of subjects with and without diarrhea were evaluated in 204 finns traveling round the world (from finland to china, malaysia, australia, fiji, chile, and brazil and back to finland). special emphasis was placed on the finding of diarrheagenic escherichia coli (enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, shiga toxin-producing, and enteroaggregative strains) by pcr from growth on primary culture plate ... | 2000 | 11101575 |
| diarrhea in children under 5 years of age from ifakara, tanzania: a case-control study. | a matched case-control study was conducted in the maternal and child health clinic (mch) in ifakara, tanzania, during the rainy season in order to elucidate the risk factors for and etiology of diarrheal diseases in children under 5 years of age. cases (103) and controls (206) were matched for sex and age group. precoded questionnaires with demographic details, clinical history, and physical signs were completed. stools samples were collected for bacterial, parasitological, and viral studies. a ... | 2000 | 11101580 |
| characterization of chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance in escherichia coli associated with bovine diarrhea. | florfenicol, a veterinary fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol, is approved for treatment of bovine respiratory pathogens in the united states. however, florfenicol resistance has recently emerged among veterinary escherichia coli isolates incriminated in bovine diarrhea. the flo gene, which confers resistance to florfenicol and chloramphenicol, has previously been identified in photobacterium piscicida and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium dt104. the flo gene product is closely related to ... | 2000 | 11101601 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) compared with 14 other antimicrobials against intestinal pathogens. | we studied the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 14 comparator antimicrobials against 288 recent isolates of enteropathogenic bacteria (106 salmonella: spp., 32 hafnia alvei, 22 yersinia enterocolitica, 21 shigella: spp., 16 aeromonas: spp. and 91 campylobacter jejuni). gemifloxacin, the other fluoroquinolones and cefotaxime were very active against all microorganisms tested except for c. jejuni. seventy-seven per cent of isolates of c. jejuni were inhibited by erythromycin < or ... | 2000 | 11102426 |
| purification, characterization and sequence analysis of omp50,a new porin isolated from campylobacter jejuni. | a novel pore-forming protein identified in campylobacter was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and named omp50 according to both its molecular mass and its outer membrane localization. we observed a pore-forming ability of omp50 after re-incorporation into artificial membranes. the protein induced cation-selective channels with major conductance values of 50-60 ps in 1 m nacl. n-terminal sequencing allowed us to identify the predicted coding sequence cj1170c from the campylobacter jejuni g ... | 2000 | 11104668 |
| 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase, the gene product of open reading frame (orf) 2816 and orf 2895 in rhodobacter capsulatus. | in eubacteria, green algae, and plant chloroplasts, isopentenyl diphosphate, a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, is synthesized by the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. the five carbons of the basic isoprenoid unit are assembled by joining pyruvate and d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. the reaction is catalyzed by the thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. in rhodobacter capsulatus, two open reading frames (orfs) carry the genes that encod ... | 2001 | 11114895 |
| evaluation of a new commercial immunoassay for rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in stool samples. | in order to evaluate a new commercial enzyme immunoassay (prospect campylobacter microplate assay; alexon-trend, usa) for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in stool samples, 30 faecal specimens known to be culture-positive for campylobacter jejuni were tested with the new assay. the detection limit was approximately 3 x 10(6)/ml in faecal suspensions. the sensitivity relative to culture was 80% (24/30). all of the 24 positive samples, except for one, remained positive ... | 2000 | 11117647 |
| a waterborne outbreak of small round structured virus, campylobacter and shigella co-infections in la neuveville, switzerland, 1998. | an outbreak of gastro-enteritis occurred in la neuveville, township with 3358 inhabitants. a retrospective cohort study of 1915 participants showed that 1607 (84%) had been ill. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 28 patient faecal samples, shigella sonnei from 21 patients and small round structured viruses (srsv) from 6 patients. more than one pathogen was identified in eight persons. the epidemic curve was characteristic of a point-source outbreak. the risk for illness was significantly hig ... | 2000 | 11117956 |
| antimicrobial resistance profiling and dna amplification fingerprinting (daf) of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in human, poultry and porcine samples from the cork region of ireland. | antimicrobial resistance (r) typing and dna amplification fingerprinting (daf) of a random collection of 84 irish thermophilic campylobacter isolates is described. the collection included human, veterinary (porcine) and poultry isolates cultured between 1996 and 1998 in the cork region of ireland. biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify campylobacter jejuni and camp. coli. many of these isolates were simultaneously resistant to several common antimicrobial agents. in particular, ... | 2000 | 11119145 |
| the effect of thermal stress on campylobacter coli. | enteropathogenic campylobacter jejuni, camp. coli and camp. lari are currently the most common cause of acute infectious diarrhoeal illness in the uk. many domestic animals, including pigs, act as natural reservoirs for these organisms and infection may occur through the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. the safety of locally produced porcine liver was assessed in relation to the heat susceptibility of campylobacter spp. present in eviscerated product. | 2000 | 11119166 |
| detection of bacterial virulence genes by subtractive hybridization: identification of capsular polysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei as a major virulence determinant. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is responsible for a broad spectrum of illnesses in humans and animals particularly in southeast asia and northern australia, where it is endemic. burkholderia thailandensis is a nonpathogenic environmental organism closely related to b. pseudomallei. subtractive hybridization was carried out between these two species to identify genes encoding virulence determinants in b. pseudomallei. screening of the subtraction library revealed a ... | 2001 | 11119486 |
| role of flm locus in mesophilic aeromonas species adherence. | the adherence mechanism of aeromonas caviae sch3n to hep-2 cells was initially investigated through four mini-tn5 mutants that showed a 10-fold decrease in adherence. these mutants lost motility, flagella, and their lipopolysaccharide (lps) o antigen (o-ag). three genes, flmb-neua-flmd, were found to be interrupted by the transposon insertions; additionally, two other genes, one lying upstream (flma) and one downstream (neub), were found to be clustered in the same operon. while the flma and flm ... | 2001 | 11119490 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor galu and gale mutants: influence on lipopolysaccharide structure, colonization, and biofilm formation. | recently we described the isolation of spontaneous bacteriophage k139-resistant vibrio cholerae o1 el tor mutants. in this study, we identified phage-resistant isolates with intact o antigen but altered core oligosaccharide which were also affected in galactose catabolism; this strains have mutations in the galu gene. we inactivated another gal gene, gale, and the mutant was also found to be defective in the catabolism of exogenous galactose but synthesized an apparently normal lipopolysaccharid ... | 2001 | 11119535 |
| microtubule- and dynein-mediated movement of orientia tsutsugamushi to the microtubule organizing center. | the host cell microfilaments and microtubules (mts) are known to play a critical role in the life cycles of several pathogenic intracellular microbes by providing for successful invasion and promoting movement of the pathogen once inside the host cell cytoplasm. orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, enters host cells by induced phagocytosis, escapes to the cytosol, and then replicates in the cytosol. ecv304 cells infected with o. tsutsugamushi revealed the colocalization o ... | 2001 | 11119542 |
| role of mycobacterium tuberculosis copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. | superoxide dismutases (sods) play an important role in protection against oxidative stress and have been shown to contribute to the pathogenicity of many bacterial species. to determine the function of the mycobacterial copper and zinc-cofactored sod (cuznsod), we constructed and characterized mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg cuznsod null mutants. both strains were more sensitive to superoxides and hydrogen peroxide than were their respective parental strains. the survival ... | 2001 | 11119546 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial enteropathogens causing traveler's diarrhea in four geographic regions. | the emergence of resistant enteropathogens has been reported worldwide. few data are available on the contemporary in vitro activities of commonly used antimicrobial agents against enteropathogens causing traveler's diarrhea (td). the susceptibility patterns of antimicrobial agents currently available or under evaluation against pathogens causing td in four different areas of the world were evaluated. pathogens were identified in stool samples from u.s., canadian, or european adults (18 years of ... | 2001 | 11120968 |
| a rapid dna isolation procedure for the identification of campylobacter jejuni by the polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed an efficient process for rapidly isolating campylobacter dna using mechanical disruption combined with the guanidine-based reagent dnazol. template dna was isolated by this method from cultures of campylobacter jejuni resistant to lysis by boiling or enzymes and identified following polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification using primers specific for the hippuricase gene. direct detection of campylobacters in poultry-processing samples by pcr is demonstrated in chicken carc ... | 2000 | 11123549 |
| the cog database: new developments in phylogenetic classification of proteins from complete genomes. | the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (cogs), which represents an attempt on a phylogenetic classification of the proteins encoded in complete genomes, currently consists of 2791 cogs including 45 350 proteins from 30 genomes of bacteria, archaea and the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/cog). in addition, a supplement to the cogs is available, in which proteins encoded in the genomes of two multicellular eukaryotes, the nematode caenorhabditis ele ... | 2001 | 11125040 |
| diet influences the colonisation of campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract. | the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of diet on the colonisation by campylobacter jejuni of the chick caeca, and to determine whether the viscosity of the intestinal contents and mucin carbohydrates were altered by the diet. the diets investigated were maize based, wheat-based or wheat-based supplemented with xylanase. the xylanase-supplemented diet reduced the viscosity and lowered the numbers of camp. jejuni. feeding the enzyme-supplemented diet increased the amount of neut ... | 2000 | 11130183 |
| current cases in which epitope mimicry is considered a component cause of autoimmune disease: guillain-barré syndrome. | some patients develop guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after the administration of bovine gangliosides. patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis frequently have igg antibody to gm1 ganglioside. miller fisher syndrome (mfs), a variant of gbs, is associated with igg antibody to gq1b ganglioside. molecular mimicry between gm1 and lipopolysaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from patients with gbs, and between gq1b and c. jejuni lipopolysaccharides from patients with mfs have been dem ... | 2000 | 11130452 |
| campylobacter contamination of raw meat and poultry at retail sale: identification of multiple types and comparison with isolates from human infection. | campylobacter species are the major cause of acute bacterial enteritis reported in the united kingdom, nonetheless many aspects of campylobacteriosis epidemiology remain poorly understood. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in fresh bovine, ovine, and porcine liver and chicken portions from retail outlets and compare strain subtype distributions with those associated with cases of human campylobacteriosis occurring within the same ... | 2000 | 11131886 |
| molecular ecology of tetracycline resistance: development and validation of primers for detection of tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins. | phylogenetic analysis of tetracycline resistance genes encoding the ribosomal protection proteins (rpps) revealed the monophyletic origin of these genes. the most deeply branching class, exemplified by tet and otra, consisted of genes from the antibiotic-producing organisms streptomyces rimosus and streptomyces lividans. with a high degree of confidence, the corresponding genes of the other seven classes (tet m, tet s, tet o, tet w, tet q, tet t, and tetb p) formed phylogenetically distinct sepa ... | 2001 | 11133424 |
| modeling of combined processing steps for reducing escherichia coli o157:h7 populations in apple cider. | probabilistic models were used as a systematic approach to describe the response of escherichia coli o157:h7 populations to combinations of commonly used preservation methods in unpasteurized apple cider. using a complete factorial experimental design, the effect of ph (3. 1 to 4.3), storage temperature and time (5 to 35 degrees c for 0 to 6 h or 12 h), preservatives (0, 0.05, or 0.1% potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate), and freeze-thaw (f-t; -20 degrees c, 48 h and 4 degrees c, 4 h) treatment ... | 2001 | 11133437 |
| antimicrobial properties of garlic oil against human enteric bacteria: evaluation of methodologies and comparisons with garlic oil sulfides and garlic powder. | the antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extracts are well established but those of garlic oil (go) are little known. methodologies for estimating the antimicrobial activity of go were assessed and go, go sulfide constituents, and garlic powder (gp) were compared in tests against human enteric bacteria. test methodologies were identified as capable of producing underestimates of go activity. antimicrobial activity was greater in media lacking tryptone or cysteine, suggesting that, as for alli ... | 2001 | 11133485 |
| specificities of eleven different dna methyltransferases of helicobacter pylori strain 26695. | methyltransferases (mtases) of procaryotes affect general cellular processes such as mismatch repair, regulation of transcription, replication, and transposition, and in some cases may be essential for viability. as components of restriction-modification systems, they contribute to bacterial genetic diversity. the genome of helicobacter pylori strain 26695 contains 25 open reading frames encoding putative dna mtases. to assess which mtase genes are active, strain 26695 genomic dna was tested for ... | 2001 | 11133936 |
| in staphylococcus aureus, fur is an interactive regulator with perr, contributes to virulence, and is necessary for oxidative stress resistance through positive regulation of catalase and iron homeostasis. | the staphylococcus aureus genome encodes three ferric uptake repressor (fur) homologues: fur, perr, and zur. to determine the exact role of fur in s. aureus, we inactivated the fur gene by allelic replacement using a tetracycline resistance cassette, creating strain mjh010 (fur). the mutant had a growth defect in rich medium, and this defect was exacerbated in metal-depleted cl medium. this growth defect was partially suppressed by manganous ion, a metal ion with known antioxidant properties. th ... | 2001 | 11133939 |
| breaching the mucosal barrier by stealth: an emerging pathogenic mechanism for enteroadherent bacterial pathogens. | | 2001 | 11134175 |
| cloning and characterization of a campylobacter jejuni iron-uptake operon. | we report that c. jejuni modifies its outer membrane protein (omp) repertoire when cultivated under iron-limiting conditions such as during incubation with epithelial cells. to identify genes encoding de novo expressed omps, a c. jejuni cosmid library was screened with antisera raised against proteins expressed in the presence of epithelial cells. a single clone was identified encoding an 80-kda antigen. sequence analysis of subclones identified an operon of three open reading frames (orfs) enco ... | 2001 | 11136137 |
| multilocus sequence typing system for campylobacter jejuni. | the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni has extensive reservoirs in livestock and the environment and is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in humans. to date, the lack of (i) methods suitable for population genetic analysis and (ii) a universally accepted nomenclature has hindered studies of the epidemiology and population biology of this organism. here, a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) system for this organism is described, which exploits the genetic variation present in seven hou ... | 2001 | 11136741 |
| characteristics of helicobacter pylori infection in jamaican adults with gastrointestinal symptoms. | helicobacter pylori infection is common in jamaica. describing its epidemiology in a population-based study depends largely on serology, but serologic assays have not been validated in this population. to address this issue, we examined the presence of h. pylori infection in 30 sequential adult patients with gastroduodenal symptoms by three biopsy-based methods (rapid urease test, histology, and culture) as well as by one research and two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). a ... | 2001 | 11136773 |
| detection and initial characterization of novel capsular polysaccharide among diverse campylobacter jejuni strains using alcian blue dye. | we have recently demonstrated that most strains of campylobacter jejuni produce capsular polysaccharide (cps), which can be detected by immunoblotting with homologous penner antisera on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (a. v. karlyshev, d. linton, n. a. gregson, a. j. lastovica, and b. w. wren, mol. microbiol. 35:529-541, 2000). in this report, we describe a universal and rapid staining procedure using alcian blue for c. jejuni cps, which does not rely on the availability of antisera and iden ... | 2001 | 11136784 |
| rapid detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli by real-time pcr with fluorescent hybridization probes. | in this report, we present a pcr protocol for rapid identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli on a lightcycler instrument. in a multiplex assay, the genes encoding shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 are detected in a single reaction capillary. a complete analysis of up to 32 samples takes about 45 min. | 2001 | 11136804 |
| determination of helicobacter pylori virulence by simple gene analysis of the cag pathogenicity island. | nucleic acid amplification was performed for five loci in the cag pathogenicity island (pai) of helicobacter pylori (comprising caga, the caga promoter region, cage, cagt, and the left end of cagii [lec]), and gastric inflammation in patients was evaluated. of 204 h. pylori isolates from japanese patients (53 with peptic ulcer, 55 with gastric cancer, and 96 with chronic gastritis), 197 (96.6%) were positive for all five loci. two isolates (1%) were negative for all five loci, and five isolates ... | 2001 | 11139216 |
| intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for guillain-barré syndrome with igg anti-gm1 antibody. | to compare the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) therapy and plasmapheresis for the igg anti-gm1-positive subtype of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), clinical and electrophysiological recoveries were analyzed in 24 patients treated with ivig (n = 10) or plasmapheresis (n = 14). at entry, there were no significant differences between the two patient groups in age, sex, clinical severity (hughes grade), sum scores of distally evoked amplitudes of compound muscle action potentials (cmaps), ... | 2001 | 11150966 |
| competitive exclusion of heterologous campylobacter spp. in chicks. | chicken and human isolates of campylobacter jejuni were used to provide oral challenge of day-old broiler chicks. the isolation ratio of the competing challenge strains was monitored and varied, depending upon the isolates used. a pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of the flagellin gene (flaa) was used to discriminate between the chick-colonizing isolates. our observations indicated that the selected c. jejuni colonizers dominated the niche provided by the chicken ceca. chicken i ... | 2001 | 11157253 |
| systematic identification of selective essential genes in helicobacter pylori by genome prioritization and allelic replacement mutagenesis. | a comparative genomic approach was used to identify helicobacter pylori 26695 open reading frames (orfs) which are conserved in h. pylori j99 but highly diverged in other eubacteria. a survey of selected pathways of central intermediary metabolism was also carried out, and genes with a potentially selective role in h. pylori were identified. forty-five orfs identified in these two analyses were screened using a rapid vector-free allelic replacement mutagenesis technique, and 33 were shown to be ... | 2001 | 11157938 |
| cloning of the soda gene from corynebacterium melassecola and role of superoxide dismutase in cellular viability. | the soda gene encoding the corynebacterium melassecola manganese-cofactored superoxide dismutase (sod) has been cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the gene is transcribed monocistronically; the predicted polypeptide is 200 amino acids long and associates in a homotetrameric, manganese-dependent form, able to complement an sod-deficient e. coli mutant. a second open reading frame, coding for a putative 217-amino-acid protein with high homology to peptide methionine sulfoxide reductases fro ... | 2001 | 11157941 |
| use of rpob gene analysis for detection and identification of bartonella species. | identification of bartonella species is of increasing importance as the number of infections in which these bacteria are involved increases. to date, these gram-negative bacilli have been identified by various serological, biochemical, and genotypic methods. however, the development of alternative tools is required, principally to circumvent a major risk of contamination during sample manipulation. the aim of our study was to investigate the possible identification of various bartonella species ... | 2001 | 11158086 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| agilent 2100 bioanalyzer for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the campylobacter jejuni flagellin gene. | the agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (agilent technologies, palo alto, calif.) utilizes capillary electrophoresis on a microchip device (labchip 7500; caliper technologies, mountain view, calif.) that is capable of rapidly sizing small dna fragments. to determine whether the system could replace conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing by agarose gel electrophoresis, we compared the analyzer with conventional flagellin rflp for typing campylobacter jejuni. ninety-seven isolate ... | 2001 | 11158144 |
| flagella as a potential marker for campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | campylobacter jejuni recovered from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in different geographical locations and bearing different heat-labile and heat-stable antigens were found to have identical amino acid sequences in their flagellar flaa short variable region, suggesting that it may be a potentially useful marker for gbs association. | 2001 | 11158146 |
| bacterial rna polymerase subunit omega and eukaryotic rna polymerase subunit rpb6 are sequence, structural, and functional homologs and promote rna polymerase assembly. | bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase (rnap) has subunit composition beta'betaalpha(i)alpha(ii)omega. the role of omega has been unclear. we show that omega is homologous in sequence and structure to rpb6, an essential subunit shared in eukaryotic rnap i, ii, and iii. in escherichia coli, overproduction of omega suppresses the assembly defect caused by substitution of residue 1362 of the largest subunit of rnap, beta'. in yeast, overproduction of rpb6 suppresses the assembly defect caused by th ... | 2001 | 11158566 |
| vacuolating cytotoxin of helicobacter pylori plays a role during colonization in a mouse model of infection. | helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and ulcer disease in humans, secretes a toxin called vaca (vacuolating cytotoxin) into culture supernatants. vaca was initially characterized and purified on the basis of its ability to induce the formation of intracellular vacuoles in tissue culture cells. h. pylori strains possessing different alleles of vaca differ in their ability to express active toxin. those strains expressing higher toxin levels are correlated with more severe gastric ... | 2001 | 11159961 |
| identification of rgg-regulated exoproteins of streptococcus pyogenes. | streptococcus pyogenes secretes many proteins that influence host-pathogen interactions. despite their importance, relatively little is known about the regulation of these proteins. the rgg gene (also known as ropb) is required for the expression of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin b (spe b), an extracellular cysteine protease that contributes to virulence. proteomics was used to determine if rgg regulates the expression of additional exoproteins. exponential- and stationary-phase culture supern ... | 2001 | 11159974 |
| toxin synthesis and mucin breakdown are related to swarming phenomenon in clostridium septicum. | clostridium septicum is responsible for several diseases in humans and animals. the bacterium is capable of a simple kind of multicellular behavior known as swarming. in this investigation, environmental and physiologic factors affecting growth and swarm cell formation in c. septicum were studied over a range of dilution rates (d = 0.02 to 0.65 h(-1)) in glucose-limited, glucose-excess, and mucin-limited chemostats. cellular differentiation was observed at low specific growth rates, irrespective ... | 2001 | 11160009 |
| allelic variation within helicobacter pylori baba and babb. | helicobacter pylori strains show both geographic and disease-associated allelic variation. we investigated the diversity present in two genes, baba and babb, which are members of a paralogous family of outer membrane proteins. eleven family members within a single h. pylori strain, predicted to encode proteins with substantial n- and c-terminal similarity to each other, were classified as baba paralogues. in their central regions, most are less than 54% related to one another. examining the baba ... | 2001 | 11160014 |
| a thermostable endonuclease iii homolog from the archaeon pyrobaculum aerophilum. | pyrimidine adducts in cellular dna arise from modification of the pyrimidine 5,6-double bond by oxidation, reduction or hydration. the biological outcome includes increased mutation rate and potential lethality. a major dna n:-glycosylase responsible for the excision of modified pyrimidine bases is the base excision repair (ber) glycosylase endonuclease iii, for which functional homologs have been identified and characterized in escherichia coli, yeast and humans. so far, little is known about h ... | 2001 | 11160880 |
| campylobacter myocarditis; loose bowels and a baggy heart. | we report an unusual case of acute myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis leading to severe impairment of left ventricular systolic function. contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the presence of acute myocardial inflammation and its resolution. | 2001 | 11163743 |
| guillain-barré syndrome with igm antibody to the ganglioside galnac-gd1a. | we analyzed the characteristics of 29 guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) patients with igm anti-galnac-gd1a antibodies. fourteen of them had had an antecedent cytomegalovirus infection (cmv group) and 12 gastrointestinal infection (g-i group). most of the g-i group patients (nine of 12) were subsequent to campylobacter jejuni infection. electrophysiological results in both groups patients predominantly indicated demyelinating neuropathy. the cmv group patients were characterized by slow progression a ... | 2001 | 11164910 |
| co-option of endocytic functions of cellular caveolae by pathogens. | it is increasingly becoming clear that various immune cells are infected by the very pathogens that they are supposed to attack. although many mechanisms for microbial entry exist, it appears that a common route of entry shared by certain bacteria, viruses and parasites involves cellular lipid-rich microdomains sometimes called caveolae. these cellular entities, which are characterized by their preferential accumulation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored molecules, cholesterol and va ... | 2001 | 11168630 |
| the effects of uvb and temperature on the survival of natural populations and pure cultures of campylobacter jejuni, camp. coli, camp. lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (uptc) in surface waters. | to determine whether diurnal and seasonal variations in campylobacters in surface waters result from the effects of temperature and u.v. radiation, and whether natural populations of campylobacter lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (uptc) from birds survive better in surface waters than camp. jejuni from sewage. | 2001 | 11168729 |
| deciphering campylobacter jejuni cell surface interactions from the genome sequence. | the completion of the campylobacter jejuni genome sequence is a landmark in campylobacter research. discoveries directly arising from these data include the identification of a capsular polysaccharide, extensive capacity for phase variable gene expression and lipo-oligosaccharide structural phase variation. the recent identification of a unique system of general protein glycosylation in c. jejuni, a c. jejuni protein that is translocated into eukaryotic cells, and plasmid-encoded components of a ... | 2001 | 11173031 |
| foodborne illnesses. | foodborne illnesses cause a substantial human and financial burden. despite sanitary infrastructure improvements, the incidence of foodborne bacterial infections due to non-typhoidal salmonellae (nts), campylobacter jejuni, and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) has risen over the last two decades. overall, viruses account for two thirds of all foodborne illness. most foodborne illnesses are self-limited. supportive therapy with rehydration and the correction of electrolyte abnormalities ... | 2001 | 11177679 |
| towards understanding the first genome sequence of a crenarchaeon by genome annotation using clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (cogs). | standard archival sequence databases have not been designed as tools for genome annotation and are far from being optimal for this purpose. we used the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (cogs) to reannotate the genomes of two archaea, aeropyrum pernix, the first member of the crenarchaea to be sequenced, and pyrococcus abyssi. | 2000 | 11178258 |
| evidence for symmetric chromosomal inversions around the replication origin in bacteria. | whole-genome comparisons can provide great insight into many aspects of biology. until recently, however, comparisons were mainly possible only between distantly related species. complete genome sequences are now becoming available from multiple sets of closely related strains or species. | 2000 | 11178265 |
| helicobacter pylori pore-forming cytolysin orthologue tlya possesses in vitro hemolytic activity and has a role in colonization of the gastric mucosa. | hemolysins have been found to possess a variety of functions in bacteria, including a role in virulence. helicobacter pylori demonstrates hemolytic activity when cultured on unlysed blood agar plates which is increased under iron-limiting conditions. however, the role of an h. pylori hemolysin in virulence is unclear. scrutiny of the h. pylori 26695 genome sequence suggests the presence of at least two distinct hemolysins, hp1086 and hp1490, in this strain. previous studies have shown that the i ... | 2001 | 11179345 |
| polarized entry of uropathogenic afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 into human epithelial cells: evidence for alpha5beta1 integrin recognition and subsequent internalization through a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic unstable microtubules. | afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 bacteria basolaterally entered polarized epithelial cells by a cd55- and cd66e-independent mechanism through interaction with the alpha5beta1 integrin and a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic microtubules (mts). ih11128 invasion within hela cells was dramatically decreased after the cells were treated with the cholesterol-extracting drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or the caveola-disrupting drug filipin. disassembly of the dynamically un ... | 2001 | 11179364 |
| eagle-type methicillin resistance: new phenotype of high methicillin resistance under mec regulator gene control. | we report a novel phenotype of methicillin resistance, designated "eagle-type" resistance, which is characteristic in its resistance to high concentrations of methicillin (64 to 512 microg/ml) and susceptibility to low concentrations of methicillin (2 to 16 microg/ml). the type of resistance was expressed in mutant strains selected with high concentrations (e.g., 128 to 512 microg/ml) of methicillin from the pre-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain n315, whose meca gene transcripti ... | 2001 | 11181367 |
| phenotypic resistance of staphylococcus aureus, selected enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa after single and multiple in vitro exposures to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin. | the phenotypic resistance of selected organisms to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin was defined as a mic of > or =4 microg/ml. the dynamics of resistance were studied after single and sequential drug exposures: clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa), escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were utilized. after a single 48-h exposure of a large ... | 2001 | 11181375 |
| essential role of glu-c66 for menaquinol oxidation indicates transmembrane electrochemical potential generation by wolinella succinogenes fumarate reductase. | quinol:fumarate reductase (qfr) is a membrane protein complex that couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related enzyme succinate:quinone reductase (succinate dehydrogenase). in the previously determined structure of qfr from wolinella succinogenes, the site of fumarate reduction in the flavoprotein subunit a of the enzyme was identified, but the site of menaquinol oxidation was not. in the crystal st ... | 2000 | 11186225 |
| detection of thermophilic campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex pcr: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with campylobacter. | the best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari were examined. the multiplex pcr was able to detect type strains of the three species. all results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of c. jejuni, 20 strains of c. coli, and 4 strains of c. lari) by the multiplex pcr coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex pcr can simultaneo ... | 2000 | 11193345 |
| genotyping campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the gut and oviduct of laying hens. | campylobacter jejuni frequently colonizes the avian intestine. recent evidence suggests that this organism can also colonize the oviduct of laying hens. however, the source and role of this colonization are unknown. isolates from the ceca, cloacae, and oviducts of 11 laying hens in three intensive egg-producing flocks were genotyped by fla typing with the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the polymerase chain reaction product of the flaa and flab genes (fla typing) and pulsed-field gel ... | 2000 | 11195647 |
| sequential spread of campylobacter infection in a multipen broiler house. | generally, colonization with campylobacter jejuni is first detected in broilers 2-3 wk after hatching. once introduced into a flock, this infection spreads very rapidly. the sources and routes of transmission of c. jejuni in broilers remain debatable. in this study, the spread of infection was monitored in a commercial multipen broiler house in which birds were contained in discrete groups and sampled sequentially. colonization was monitored in two broiler flocks up to slaughter. serotyping and ... | 2000 | 11195658 |
| national surveillance of campylobacter in broilers at slaughter in denmark in 1998. | a surveillance study for thermophilic campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks was carried out for the year 1998 in denmark. the study included examinations of 4286 broiler flocks comprising samples from 57,000 birds. overall, a flock prevalence of 46.0% was recorded. the species distribution was campylobacter jejuni 86%, campylobacter coli 11%, campylobacter lari 1%, other not further diagnosed species 2%. the prevalence was significantly higher in the period from june to october (3.2 < odds ratio ... | 2000 | 11195660 |
| plasma cytokine response in mice with bacterial infection. | exposure to microorganisms elicts the production of cytokines. these soluble factors enhance several innate immune functions and regulate the ensuing specific immune response aimed at limiting the spread of infection. | 2000 | 11200363 |
| identification of a genomic island present in the majority of pathogenic isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium, is capable of colonizing a wide range of environmental niches and can also cause serious infections in humans. in order to understand the genetic makeup of pathogenic p. aeruginosa strains, a method of differential hybridization of arrayed libraries of cloned dna fragments was developed. an m13 library of dna from strain x24509, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was screened using a dna probe from p. aeruginosa s ... | 2001 | 11208781 |
| epidemiologic features of campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry broiler houses and surrounding environments as determined by use of molecular strain typing. | to genetically type campylobacter jejuni isolates from broiler houses or the external environment to identify the source of campylobacter organisms in broiler chickens. | 2001 | 11212026 |
| campylobacter jejuni bacteremia, peritonitis, and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis in a patient on capd: case report and literature review. | | 2000 | 11216580 |
| chemical structure of the core oligosaccharide of aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni o:2 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the core oligosaccharide of aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni 0:2 lipopolysaccharide was determined and found to contain 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo), l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (ld-hep), d-galactose, d-glucose, and phosphorylethanolamine (petn). based on 1h, 13c and 31p nmr spectroscopic studies including 2d cosy, tocsy, roesy and heteronuclear 1h-31p and hmqc experiments it was established that the oligosaccharide has the following structure: [structure: see text]. | 2001 | 11217975 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter coli of animal origin in denmark. | | 2001 | 11221726 |
| essential thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin system from helicobacter pylori: genetic and kinetic characterization. | helicobacter pylori, an oxygen-sensitive microaerophile, contains an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase homologue (ahpc, hp1563) that is more closely related to 2-cys peroxiredoxins of higher organisms than to most other eubacterial ahpc proteins. allelic replacement mutagenesis revealed ahpc to be essential, suggesting a critical role for ahpc in defending h. pylori against oxygen toxicity. characterization of the ahpc promoter region divulged two putative regulatory elements and identified the tran ... | 2001 | 11222594 |
| identification of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae consensus promoter structure. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae promoter-containing clones were isolated from a genomic dna library constructed in our lvet promoter trap vector ptf86. the promoter-containing clones were identified by their ability to drive expression of the promoterless luxab genes of vibrio harveyi. the degree of expression was quantifiable, and only high-expression or "hot" promoters were used for this study. nine clones were sequenced, and their transcriptional start sites were determined by primer extensio ... | 2001 | 11222596 |
| neonatal sepsis by campylobacter jejuni: genetically proven transmission from a household puppy. | we report a case of neonatal campylobacter jejuni sepsis in a 3-week-old infant who acquired the infection through transmission from a recently acquired household puppy. genotyping of campylobacter strains obtained from puppy and child resulted in highly homogeneous findings. this represents the first genetically proven c. jejuni dog-human transmission. | 2001 | 11229867 |
| evidence for a genetically stable strain of campylobacter jejuni. | the genetic stability of selected epidemiologically linked strains of campylobacter jejuni during outbreak situations was investigated by using subtyping techniques. strains isolated from geographically related chicken flock outbreaks in 1998 and from a human outbreak in 1981 were investigated. there was little similarity in the strains obtained from the different chicken flock outbreaks; however, the strains from each of three chicken outbreaks, including strains isolated from various environme ... | 2001 | 11229909 |
| antimicrobial resistance and bacterial identification utilizing a microelectronic chip array. | species-specific bacterial identification of clinical specimens is often limited to a few species due to the difficulty of performing multiplex reactions. in addition, discrimination of amplicons is time-consuming and laborious, consisting of gel electrophoresis, probe hybridization, or sequencing technology. in order to simplify the process of bacterial identification, we combined anchored in situ amplification on a microelectronic chip array with discrimination and detection on the same platfo ... | 2001 | 11230433 |