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host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in kenya, 2007-2010.abstract: background: refugees are at risk for poor outcomes from acute respiratory infections (ari) because of overcrowding, suboptimal living conditions, and malnutrition. we implemented surveillance for respiratory viruses in dadaab and kakuma refugee camps in kenya to characterize their role in the epidemiology of ari among refugees. methods: from 1 september 2007 through 31 august 2010, we obtained nasopharyngeal (np) and oropharyngeal (op) specimens from patients with influenza-like illne ...201222251705
the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport pathway is not involved in avian metapneumovirus budding in a virus-like-particle expression system.avian metapneumovirus (ampv) is a paramyxovirus that principally causes respiratory disease and egg production drops in turkeys and chickens. together with its closely related human metapneumovirus (hmpv), they comprise the genus metapneumovirus in the family paramyxoviridae. little is currently known about the mechanisms involved in the budding of metapneumovirus. by using ampv as a model system, we showed that the matrix (m) protein by itself was insufficient to form virus-like-particles (vlps ...201121248175
evidence that tmprss2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response.the spike (s) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins b and l upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. in contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave sars s. we along with others could previously show that the type ii transmembrane protease tmprss2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ...201121325420
detection of human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus by real-time pcr from patients with respiratory symptoms in southern brazil.the introduction of newer molecular methods has led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), in respiratory tract specimens. we have studied the occurrence of hmpv and hbov in the porto alegre (pa) metropolitan area, one of the southernmost cities of brazil, evaluating children with suspected lower respiratory tract infection from may 2007-june 2008. a real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification and de ...201121340356
comparison of the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel with xtag respiratory viral panel fast for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.nucleic acid tests are sensitive and specific and provide a rapid diagnosis, making them invaluable for patient and outbreak management. multiplex pcr assays have additional advantages in providing an economical and comprehensive panel for many common respiratory viruses. previous reports have shown the utility of the xtag respiratory viral panel (rvp) assay manufactured by luminex molecular diagnostics for this purpose. a newer generation of this kit, released in canada in early 2010, is design ...201121411570
long-term impairment of streptococcus pneumoniae lung clearance is observed after initial infection with influenza a virus but not human metapneumovirus in mice.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus responsible for respiratory tract infections in humans. our objective was to investigate whether hmpv could predispose to long-term bacterial susceptibility, such as previously observed with influenza viruses. balb/c mice were infected with hmpv or influenza a and, 14 days following viral infection, challenged with streptococcus pneumoniae. only mice previously infected with influenza a demonstrated an 8% weight loss of their body weight 72 h follo ...201121411678
lung function prior to viral lower respiratory tract infections in prematurely born infants.prematurely born infants who develop respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) have lung function abnormalities at follow-up. the aim of this study was to determine whether prematurely born infants who developed symptomatic rsv, or other viral lrti(s), had poorer premorbid lung function than infants who did not develop lrtis during the rsv season.201121447496
comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit.aim: to describe the clinical presentation and course of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection, and compare them with children admitted to the picu with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. methods: hmpv was identified by immunofluorescence in 22 children admitted to the picu over a 16-month period. the medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical and laboratory data were compare ...201121449904
effects of n-linked glycosylation of the fusion protein on replication of human metapneumovirus in vitro and in mouse lungs.the fusion (f) protein is an important membrane glycoprotein necessary for cellular entry and replication of human metapneumovirus (hmpv). selective prevention of n-linked glycosylation may compromise the catalytic and fusion functions of the f protein. by using site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics, recombinant mutant viruses lacking one or two n-linked glycosylation sites in the f protein were constructed. m1, which lacked glycosylation at position 57 of the f protein, had slightly co ...201121450943
a comparison of two multiplex methods for the detection of respiratory viruses: filmarray rp and xtag rvp.we compared the filmarray rp (idaho technology, inc. salt lake city, utah) with the xtag rvp (luminex corporation, toronto, canada)multiplex respiratory virus pcr methods for the detection of respiratory viruses in a set of 200 patient specimens frozen at - 70° c after standard viral culture and antigen detection methods were done. both systems detected between 40 - 50% more viruses than traditional methods, primarily rhinoviruses and human metapneumovirus. the filmarray rp detected significantl ...201121508156
respiratory viruses in lung transplant recipients: a critical review and pooled analysis of clinical studies.lung transplant recipients present an increased risk for severe complications associated with respiratory infections. we conducted a review of the literature examining the clinical relationship between viral respiratory infection and graft complications. thirty-four studies describing the clinical impact of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, coronavirus, bocavirus or adenovirus were identified. the detection rate of respiratory ...201121521473
detection of ki polyomavirus and wu polyomavirus dna by real-time pcr in nasopharyngeal swabs and in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues.polyomaviruses ki (kipyv) and wu (wupyv) were detected from 7 (3.0%) and 38 (16.4%) of 232 children with respiratory tract infections by real-time pcr. the rates of single infection of kipyv and wupyv were 3 (42.9%) of 7 and 20 (52.6%) of 38, respectively. in other samples, various viruses (human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1 and human bocavirus) were detected simultaneously. one case was positive for kipyv and wupyv and also f ...201121545509
[characteristics of human metapneumovirus respiratory tract infection in children and the relationship between the infection and meteorological conditions].to study the epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in children and its relations with meteorological conditions in suzhou.201121575373
human metapneumovirus glycoprotein g inhibits tlr4-dependent signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults. recent work from our group demonstrated that hmpv g glycoprotein is an important virulence factor, responsible for inhibiting innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. myeloid dendritic cells (dcs) are potent apcs and play a major role in initiating and modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. in this study, we found that tlr4 plays a major role in hmpv-induced ac ...201121632720
viral agents causing lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children: evaluation of the speed-oligo® rsv assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the viral agent which is more frequently involved in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in infants under 1 year of age in developed countries. a new oligochromatographic assay, speed-oligo® rsv, was designed and optimized for the specific detection and identification of rsv subtypes a and b. the test was evaluated in 289 clinical samples from 169 hospitalized children using an immunochromatography (ic) test, virus isolation by culture, and an in-house ...201121647616
a molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in japanese children with acute wheezing illness.recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. however, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known.201121663657
porphyromonas gingivalis enzymes enhance infection with human metapneumovirus in vitro.relatively recently discovered, the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a human pathogen with worldwide prevalence, accounting for a substantial percentage of respiratory tract diseases. concurrent viral and bacterial infections enable intricate mechanisms of cooperation between pathogens, which complicate the symptoms and outcome of the disease. such bilateral interactions are based on the modulation of bacterial growth on epithelium pathologically altered during viral illness and the modulation of ...201121715599
viral acute respiratory infections among infants visited in a rural hospital of southern mozambique.objectivesôçé to determine the epidemiology and clinical presentation of virus-associated acute respiratory infections (ari) in mozambican infants. methodsôçé a systematic selection of nasopharyngeal aspirates (nôçâ=ôçâ333), collected from infants younger than 12ôçâmonths who visited manhi+ºa district hospital (southern mozambique) with ari during a 12ôçâmonths respiratory syncitial virus surveillance, were tested for other common respiratory viruses. four different polymerase chain reactions we ...201121707876
real-world comparison of two molecular methods for detection of respiratory viruses.abstract:201121714915
characterization of human metapneumovirus from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in a 4-year period in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered by scientists in the netherlands as a novel respiratory virus in 2001 and had been found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in china. the objective of this study was to determine the importance of hmpv infection in children in beijing and the genotypes of the circulating virus by the surveillance during a four-consecutive-year period.201121740766
RSV 2010: Recent advances in research on respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are important causes of acute respiratory tract disease in infants, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. The Seventh International RSV symposium was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from December 2-5, 2010. This symposium is the flagship event for leading investigators engaged in RSV and HMPV research around the world. The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum to review recent advances in research on RSV, HM ...201121827813
an outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection due to human metapneumovirus in a long-term care facility for the elderly in oregon.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was demonstrated to be responsible for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection with high morbidity and mortality among residents of a long-term care facility for the elderly during the late spring-summer in oregon. respiratory virus infections are a common cause of death in the elderly and the burden of human metapneumovirus may be underestimated. this case report stresses the importance of hmpv in causing outbreaks in long-term care facilities for the elder ...201122078146
Streptococcus pneumoniae exposure is associated with human metapneumovirus seroconversion and increased susceptibility to in vitro HMPV infection.It remains largely unknown which factors determine the clinical outcome of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether exposure to bacterial pathogens can influence HMPV infections. From 57 children, serum samples and colonization data for Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected at 1.5, 6, 14 and 24 months of age. Seroconversion rates to HMPV were determined and related to ba ...201121883660
the prevalance of respiratory viruses among healthcare workers serving pilgrims in makkah during the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) pandemic.despite the high risk of acquiring respiratory infections, healthcare workers who treat pilgrims at hajj have not been studied in previous research on respiratory diseases during hajj. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different respiratory viruses among healthcare workers who treated pilgrims during hajj 2009, the year of the influenza a h1n1 pandemic. a cross-sectional study was performed just before and after hajj (25-29 november, 2009). nasal and throat swabs wer ...201122197024
disease burden of the most commonly detected respiratory viruses in hospitalized patients calculated using the disability adjusted life year (daly) model.the most common acute infections occur in the respiratory tract. recent discoveries of several novel viruses have markedly increased the repertoire of agents understood to cause presentations of acute respiratory disease.201121880543
Viruses and bacteria in sputum samples of children with community-acquired pneumonia.Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: Few comprehensive studies have searched for viruses and bacteria in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We identified 76 children hospitalized for pneumonia. Induced sputum samples were analysed for 18 viruses by antigen detection and PCR, and for six bacteria by culture and PCR. Viruses were found in 72% of samples, bacteria in 91%, and both in 66%. Rhinovirus (30%), human bocavirus (18%) and human metapneumovirus (14%) were the most commonly detect ...201121851481
genetic variability and circulation pattern of human metapneumovirus isolated in italy over five epidemic seasons.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important aetiological agent of respiratory tract infection (rti) in infants. based on genetic differences, hmpvs are separated into two main groups, a and b, and two subgroups 1 and 2. to better understand the genetic diversity of hmpv, we analyzed 435 bp fragments of the f gene from 49 isolates obtained from a paediatric clinical centre in northern italy from 2005 to 2009. the phylogenetic analysis showed that our hmpv sequences clustered into five main clade ...201122143806
The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study.Please cite this paper as: Ikematsu et al. (2011) The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00296.x. Objectives Influenza can be a serious illness, especially for older people, and reducing the impact of influenza in elderly is important. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and postinfection outcomes of in ...201121985038
Viral aetiology of influenza-like illness in Belgium during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the proportion of influenza-like illness (ILI) attributable to specific viruses during the influenza A(H1N1)2009 pandemic and to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of ILI due to respiratory viruses in Belgium. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from ILI patients by general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (PediSurv) and analysed for viruses. Of 139 samples collected from children <5 years of age by PediSurv, 86 were pos ...201121901635
comparison of the filmarray respiratory panel and prodesse real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory pathogens.we compared the diagnostic performance and overall respiratory pathogen detection rate of the premarket version of the filmarray respiratory panel (rp) multiplex pcr assay (idaho technology, inc., salt lake city, ut) with those of the food and drug administration (fda)-cleared prodesse proflu+, profast+, proparaflu+, pro hmpv+, and proadeno+ real-time pcr assays (gen-probe, san diego, ca). the assays were performed on a panel of 192 nasopharyngeal-secretion specimens collected from 81 children u ...201121998418
human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus infection and pathogenicity in saudi children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and the netherlands human coronavirus (hcov-nl63) have been isolated from children with respiratory tract infection. the prevalence of these viruses has not been reported from saudi arabia. we sought to determine whether hmpv and hcov-nl63 are responsible for acute respiratory illness and also to determine clinical features and severity of illness in the hospitalized pediatric patient population.201121911992
high detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. in this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (hrv; types a, b, and c), respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv; types a and b), bocavirus (hbov), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43), influenza viruses (types a, b, and c), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b), hu ...201121915878
pulmonary infection of mice with human metapneumovirus induces local cytotoxic t-cell and immunoregulatory cytokine responses similar to those seen with human respiratory syncytial virus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory-tract infection in infants, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. virus-directed cellular immunity elicited by hmpv infection is poorly understood, in contrast to the phylogenetically and clinically related pathogen human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). in a murine model of acute lower respiratory-tract infection with hmpv, we demonstrate the accumulation of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-producing cd8+ t cel ...201020053825
[some considerations about the comparative study of diagnostic techniques for infections due to human metapneumovirus]. 201020097451
usefulness of two new methods for diagnosing metapneumovirus infections in children.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections, mainly in paediatric patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two new commercial techniques available for the detection of hmpv in clinical samples from children: an enzyme immunoassay, hmpv eia (biotrin international ltd), and a molecular assay, real-time rt-pcr (pro hmpv real time assay kit; prodesse). a total of 184 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from 173 children aged less than 5 y ...201020156218
[toll-like receptors expression in the lungs of human metapneumovirus infected mice and the effects of polyi:c on viral infection].to investigate the expression changes of toll-like receptors (tlr) in the lungs of human metapneumovirus infected balb/c mice, and to explore the effects of polyi:c on viral replication, hmpv-infected group, polyi:c+hmpv group, polyi:c+dmed group and dmem control group were set up for this study. all mice were sacrificed on day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 16 post inoculation. lungs were used for viral titration, pulmonary histopathology and detection of tlrs mrna expression by rt-pcr and real-time pcr. re ...201020329551
molecular detection and genetic variability of human metapneumovirus in uruguay.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been described as circulating among the uruguayan population at least since 1998 based on serologic evidence. however, no isolation attempts, molecular detection, or genetic studies have been carried out so far in the country. in the present study, molecular detection of circulating hmpv in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection in montevideo-uruguay was carried out by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of ...201020336730
etiology of bronchiolitis in a hospitalized pediatric population: prospective multicenter study.in 2006, bronchiolitis due to adenovirus nosocomial infections resulted in the closure of a pediatric department in northern portugal.201020362492
soluble recombinant human metapneumovirus g protein is immunogenic but not protective.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) expresses the major surface glycoproteins f and g. we evaluated the protective efficacy of immunization with g. we generated a recombinant form of g ectodomain (gdeltatm) that was secreted from mammalian cells and purified by affinity chromatography. we tested the immunogenicity of gdeltatm in cotton rats. animals were immunized with pbs, gdeltatm alone or adjuvanted, or were infected once with hmpv, and challenged with live hmpv at 28 days. animals vaccinated with a ...201020417260
detection of novel respiratory viruses from influenza-like illness in the philippines.several novel viruses have been recently identified in respiratory samples. however, the epidemiology of these viruses in tropical countries remains unclear. the aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of novel respiratory viruses, including human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, new subtypes of human coronavirus (nl63 and hku1), ki virus, wu virus, and melaka virus in the philippines, a tropical country. nasopharyngeal aspirates from 465 patients with influenza- ...201020419824
quantitative proteome profiling of respiratory virus-infected lung epithelial cells.respiratory virus infections are among the primary causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza (piv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of respiratory illness in humans. especially young children and the elderly are susceptible to infections with these viruses. in this study we aim to gain detailed insight into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory virus infections by studying the protein expression profiles of ...201020470912
role of emerging respiratory viruses in children with severe acute wheezing.acute wheezing episodes are frequently associated with respiratory viral infections in children. however, the role of the recently described respiratory viruses is not yet fully understood.201020503284
viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in alaska.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in alaska native children from the yukon kuskokwim (yk) delta is associated with a hospitalization rate five times higher than that reported for the general us child population. the role of other viral respiratory pathogens has not been studied in this population. yk delta children <3 years of age hospitalized with respiratory infections and same aged community control children were prospectively enrolled between october 2005 and september 2007. polymerase chain ...201020513097
comparison of virus isolation using the vero e6 cell line with real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of human metapneumovirus.the use of cell culture for the diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection is uncommon at present and molecular method such as reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) has been widely and most commonly used as the preferred test. we aimed to compare the results of virus isolation using vero e6 cells with real-time rt-pcr for the detection of hmpv, since such a comparison data is not available.201020546620
[bronchiolitis viruses].in normandy (france), human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was detected in 64.1% of acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children, rhinovirus in 26.8%, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in 7.6%, and parainfluenza virus (piv) in 3.4%. the viruses causing acute bronchiolitis in the community were hrsv (42%), rhinovirus (19.5%), coronavirus (8%), piv (3.5%), and hmpv (2.5%). in 53.7% of the cases, hrsv infected infants (86.9%), 53.7% being less than 6 months of age. of the hrsv cases, 48.2% were dete ...201020558050
emerging viruses in transplantation.several viruses have recently gained importance for the transplant recipient. the purpose of this review is to give an update on emerging viruses in transplantation.201020592533
prophylactic and therapeutic benefits of a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein of human metapneumovirus in a mouse model.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus causing acute respiratory tract infections in humans. the effects of a monoclonal antibody (mab 338, medimmune, inc.) directed against the hmpv fusion protein were assessed in vivo. different groups of balb/c mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 25 or 50mg/kg of mab 338 either 24h before or 48h after viral infection. lung samples were collected on days 5 and 42 after infection for determination of viral titers and histopathological changes ...201020619294
longitudinal course of human metapneumovirus antibody titers and reinfection in healthy adults.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in adults and to determine the association between the levels of serum antibody titers and the susceptibility to reinfection. serum samples collected at the periodic occupational medical checkup for employees of a hospital were subjected to an elisa test. of the 289 subjects, 288 (99.7%) had hmpv antibody titers that were more than 1:100 in may 2006. the percentage of subjects with a titer of ≥ 3,20 ...201020981798
endemicity of human metapneumovirus subgenogroups a2 and b2 in yamagata, japan, between 2004 and 2009.to clarify a longitudinal epidemiology,we isolated 280 hmpv strains from patients with acute respiratory infections in yamagata, japan, between 2004 and 2009.we observed that the high season for hmpv was from winter to spring (between january and may) and the low season was in the fall (around september and october). a further molecular analysis revealed that subgenogroup a2 (a2) strains were the most commonly isolated (151/280; 53.9%), followed by b2 (108/280; 38.6%) and b1 (19/280; 6.8%). our ...201021140598
[human metapneumoviruses were isolated from infants and children with acute respiratory infections in beijing].to obtain isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains from clinical specimens collected from infants and children in beijing and to promote the investigation on this important respiratory pathogen.201021215024
impact of human metapneumovirus infection on in and outpatients for the years 2006-2008 in southern brazil.the human metapneumovirus (hmpv), member of the paramyxoviridae family, has been reported as an important agent involved with acute respiratory infections (aris). the aim of this study is to identify hmpv as the etiological agent of aris on in and outpatients in the city of curitiba, southern brazil, and describe clinical data of hmpv subtyping. a retrospective study was performed in 1,572 respiratory samples over a period of three years. hmpv was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase cha ...201021225198
human hepg2 cells support respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus replication.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial (rsv) virus cause mild to severe infections of the respiratory tract in all age groups. so far, several cell lines derived from respiratory tissues have been identified to support replication of both viruses. unfortunately, titers attained during replication differ between the both viruses within one cell line despite equal infection conditions, on the one hand giving raise to the assumption that the individual susceptibility may vary ...201019799934
human metapneumovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was described in 2001 and has been associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infection (urti and lrti, respectively), especially in children, the elderly, and in immunocompromised patients. the objective of this study was to identify hmpv as the etiological agent of acute respiratory infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) patients and to determine the clinical features of hmpv infection in these patients.201019878491
study of human metapneumovirus-associated lower respiratory tract infections in egyptian adults.there is a deficiency in the data concerning the role of hmpv in lower respiratory tract infections in adults, and until now there has been no data available regarding the prevalence of hmpv in adults in our region. in the present study the association of hmpv with varieties of lower respiratory tract disorders in immunocompetent adult patients, either alone or with bacterial pathogens, has been highlighted. eighty-eight patients were included in the study. they included 46 males and 42 females ...200919903260
[not only rsv can cause bronchiolitis in small children. human metapneumovirus maybe the the second most common cause]. 200919998817
detection of human metapneumovirus antigens in nasopharyngeal aspirates using an enzyme immunoassay.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in patients from all age groups.200919010729
infection with human metapneumovirus predisposes mice to severe pneumococcal pneumonia.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes respiratory tract infections. prior clinical studies have highlighted the importance of respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, in facilitating secondary bacterial infections and increasing host immunopathology. the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of initial viral infection with hmpv or influenza a virus followed by streptococcus pneumoniae superinfection 5 days later in a murine model. ...200919019962
a scoring system for management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis in adults.the aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a scoring system for the management of acute pharyngo-tonsillitis.200918774249
induced sputum in the diagnosis of childhood community-acquired pneumonia.the usefulness of induced sputum in searching for causative agents of pneumonia in children has not been studied.200919052043
rapid detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using a dual priming oligonucleotide system-based multiplex pcr assay.acute viral respiratory infections are among the most common causes of human disease. rapid and accurate diagnosis of viral respiratory infections is important for providing timely therapeutic interventions. this study evaluated a new multiplex pcr assay (seegene inc., seoul, korea) for simultaneous detection and identification of 12 respiratory viruses using two primer mixes. the viruses included parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3, human metapneumovirus, human coronavirus 229e/nl63 and oc43, ade ...200919063921
integrin alphavbeta1 promotes infection by human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently described paramyxovirus that causes lower respiratory infections in children and adults worldwide. the hmpv fusion (f) protein is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein and major protective antigen. all hmpv f protein sequences determined to date contain an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence, suggesting that f engages rgd-binding integrins to mediate cell entry. the divalent cation chelator edta, which disrupts heterodimeric integrin interactions, inhibits infectivit ...200919164533
fusion protein is the main determinant of metapneumovirus host tropism.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus subgroup c (ampv-c) infect humans and birds, respectively. this study confirmed the difference in host range in turkey poults, and analysed the contribution of the individual metapneumovirus genes to host range in an in vitro cell-culture model. mammalian vero-118 cells supported replication of both hmpv and ampv-c in contrast to avian quail fibroblast (qt6) cells in which only ampv-c replicated to high titres. inoculation of vero-118 and qt ...200919264630
human metapneumovirus in costa rica. 200919295458
review of new and newly discovered respiratory tract viruses in children.respiratory tract viral infection continues to be among the most common reasons for emergency department visits and hospitalization of children, particularly infants younger than 1 year, in the united states. throughout the years, clinicians have considered respiratory syncytial virus followed by influenza as the most common pathogens responsible. over the past decade, new viruses have been discovered through both more specific testing and the finding of new agents causing infection. this includ ...200919444037
human metapneumovirus: a new threat? 200919478119
[investigation of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in guangzhou areas].to find out the status of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in children under 14 years old with acute respiratory tract infections (ari) in guangzhou, analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics among the hmpv-infected children, and provide some basis for research of hmpv.200919534954
[detection of human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus in children with bronchiolitis in east guangdong area]. 200919555574
simultaneous detection of human bocavirus and adenovirus by multiplex real-time pcr in a belgian paediatric population.since the discovery of human bocavirus (hbov), the virus has been detected worldwide in respiratory tract samples from young children by various polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and real-time pcrs (q-pcr). until now, no data have been reported on the presence of hbov in belgium and the detection of hbov in a multiplex q-pcr setting has not been described. the aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable multiplex q-pcr for the simultaneous detection of hbov dna and adenovirus (adv) ...200919705175
human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viral infections in children attending a day care center.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of acute respiratory infections (ari). we studied 335 ari episodes in 74 children<5 years of age attending a day care center during a 1-year period to detect the presence of hmpv and other viruses. seven (9.5%) children were infected by hmpv and this virus accounted for 2.1% of the ari episodes.200919738509
prevalence of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in tianjin, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has recently been recognized as an important respiratory pathogen, especially in children. at present, our understanding of the characteristics of hmpv from china is very limited. nasopharyngeal aspirates were taken from 310 hospitalized pediatric patients. twenty (6.5%) of them were infected with hmpv, and they all developed pneumonia. sixty five percent (13/20) of the cases were under 12 months. phylogenetic analysis of f gene fragments indicated that three sub-gen ...200919774338
epidemiological study of influenza virus infections in young adult outpatients from buenos aires, argentina.influenza virus is the most common cause of influenza-like illness (ili) in adults. in argentina, studies on influenza and other respiratory viruses were performed mostly in pediatric populations.200819453464
the challenge of respiratory virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.respiratory virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. while respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus, parainfluenzaviruses, and influenza viruses are well known for their potential to cause fatal pneumonia, information has only recently emerged regarding the significance of the newly discovered viruses, such as human coronaviruses nl63 and hku1, and human bocavirus. lymphopenia seems to be the most important r ...200818785968
an alphavirus replicon-based human metapneumovirus vaccine is immunogenic and protective in mice and cotton rats.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered paramyxovirus that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals worldwide. here, we developed venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (vrps) encoding hmpv fusion (f) or attachment (g) glycoproteins and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these vaccine candidates in mice and cotton rats. vrps encoding hmpv f protein, when administered intranas ...200818786987
human bocavirus infection in children with respiratory tract disease.human bocavirus (hbov) is a ubiquitous, newly described member of the parvoviridae family frequently detected in the respiratory tract of children, but only few reports provide data proving the link between hbov and respiratory tract disease (rtd).200818833027
human metapneumovirus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein interact and provide the minimal requirements for inclusion body formation.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered paramyxovirus of the subfamily pneumovirinae, which also includes avian pneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). hmpv is an important cause of respiratory disease worldwide. to understand early events in hmpv replication, cdnas encoding the hmpv nucleoprotein (n), phosphoprotein (p), matrix protein (m), m2-1 protein and m2-2 protein were cloned from cells infected with the genotype a1 hmpv wild-type strain tn/96-12. hmpv n an ...200818931065
identification of antibody neutralization epitopes on the fusion protein of human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is genetically related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv); both cause respiratory tract illnesses ranging from a mild cough to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. the f protein-directed monoclonal antibody (mab) palivizumab has been shown to prevent severe lower respiratory tract rsv infection in animals and humans. we have previously reported on a panel of mabs against the hmpv f protein that neutralize hmpv in vitro and, in two cases, in vivo. here we describe the gener ...200819008400
positive natural selection in the evolution of human metapneumovirus attachment glycoprotein.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a newly discovered virus of the family paramyxoviridae, has been associated with upper and lower respiratory tract infections in different age groups in many countries. the putative attachment (g) glycoprotein of this virus was previously reported to have shown more extensive nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence polymorphism than any other genomic regions of this virus, leading to four sub-lineages. using a maximum likelihood-based codon substitution model of ...200817931731
identification and evaluation of a highly effective fusion inhibitor for human metapneumovirus.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections that are particularly severe in young children, elderly subjects, and immunocompromised patients. to date, no treatments or vaccines are available for hmpv infections. our objective was to assess the inhibitory potential of several peptides derived from the heptad repeat a and b (hra and hrb) domains of the hmpv fusion protein. nine candidate peptides were expressed in escherichia coli or obtained synthetic ...200817967906
variant isolates of human metapneumovirus subgroup b genotype 1 in campinas, brazil.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus associated with respiratory illness. the genotypes of hmpv isolates in brazil have not been well characterized.200818178521
human metapneumovirus pneumonia in adults: results of a prospective study.we prospectively collected clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data regarding community-acquired human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in consecutive adults hospitalized with pneumonia. hmpv infection was diagnosed using highly accurate reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of nasopharyngeal samples. eight (4%) of 193 patients had hmpv rna present, all detected during influenza season. hmpv is an important cause of pneumonia in adults.200818194097
prevalence of human metapneumovirus in central illinois in patients thought to have respiratory viral infection.studies suggest that by age 5 years nearly all people have been exposed to metapneumovirus. to determine its prevalence in central illinois, we tested respiratory secretions by direct immunofluorescence staining from december to march. metapneumovirus was detected in 11/391 specimens. the distribution of metapneumovirus was bimodal, with the split being between children aged </=4 years and adults.200818234862
clinical evaluation of nuclisens magnetic extraction and nuclisens analyte-specific reagents for real-time detection of human metapneumovirus in pediatric respiratory specimens.in this study, we evaluated the nuclisens minimag (mm) and easymag (em) nucleic acid extraction platforms (biomérieux, durham, nc) in combination with the nuclisens easyq basic kit and analyte-specific reagents (asrs) (biomérieux) for the detection of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in respiratory samples. total nucleic acids from pediatric clinical samples (n = 653) and an hmpv-specific inhibition control (h-ic) were coextracted using the mm and/or the em. nucleic acid sequence-based amplification ...200818272716
specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv) have a similar genome organization and protein composition, but a different host range. ampv subgroup c (ampv-c) is more closely related to hmpv than other ampvs. to investigate the specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, a minireplicon system was generated for ampv-c and used in combination with minireplicon systems for hmpv lineages a1 and b1. viral rna-like mol ...200818343839
viral respiratory infections at the hajj: comparison between uk and saudi pilgrims.a high incidence of respiratory infection, including influenza, has been reported at the hajj in mecca, saudi arabia. reported rates of influenza have been higher among uk than among domestic pilgrims, but this could be explained by methodological differences among studies. accordingly, the present study compared the frequencies of respiratory viruses among uk and saudi pilgrims using the same study design. pilgrims with upper respiratory tract symptoms were recruited from mecca and the neighbou ...200818373688
human metapneumovirus infection in young children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract disease: virologic and clinical features.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an emerging virus associated with acute respiratory tract infections (aris) in young children.200818382388
human metapneumovirus infection in an immunocompetent adult presenting as mononucleosis-like illness.a 37-year-old man was presented with incidental findings of neutropenia, atypical lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia and deranged liver parenchymal enzymes. four days later, he developed fever, sore throat and cervical lymphadenopathy, compatible with mononucleosis-like illness (mli). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and viral culture of the nasopharyngeal swab showed human metapneumovirus (hmpv). there was a >/=4-fold rise in igg against hmpv. this is the first case report illustrating the natural ...200818423876
clinical impact of human metapneumovirus genotypes and genotype-specific seroprevalence in yamagata, japan.the clinical impact of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) genotypes and the relation between the hmpv genotype in circulation and genotype-specific seroprevalence are yet to be clarified. we determined the genotypes of 93 hmpv strains that were isolated between 2004 and 2006 in yamagata, japan, and identified 35 genotype a2, 14 genotype b1, and 44 genotype b2 isolates. children infected with genotype a2 hmpv were significantly older than those infected with genotype b1 hmpv. diagnosis of laryngitis wa ...200818428137
use of throat swab or saliva specimens for detection of respiratory viruses in children.nasopharyngeal (np) specimens are commonly used for the detection of respiratory viruses, but throat and saliva specimens are easier to obtain. the objective of this study was to compare the viral yield of direct fluorescent antigen detection of np specimens and nucleic acid amplification tests (nat) of direct fluorescent antigen-negative np specimens with the viral yield of nat of throat swab and saliva specimens.200818444806
detection and characterisation of human metapneumovirus from children with acute respiratory symptoms in north-west england, uk.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes a spectrum of respiratory disease ranging from trivial coryzal symptoms to fatal pneumonia, with a predilection for the very young, the immune suppressed and the frail elderly. five distinct lineages of the virus genome have been described.200818455957
[evaluation of seeplex rv detection kit for detecting rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and coronavirus].direct antigen test (dat) and culture are primary tests to diagnose infections by respiratory viruses, but are mainly available for the traditional viral pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (piv), and adenovirus in clinical laboratories. the objective of this study was to evaluate a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr method using seeplex rv detection kit (seegene, korea) for the detection of rhinovirus, coronavirus, and human metapneumovirus ...200818458506
analysis of monthly isolation of respiratory viruses from children by cell culture using a microplate method: a two-year study from 2004 to 2005 in yamagata, japan.although well over 200 viral agents have been implicated in acute respiratory infections (aris) among children, no system able to detect such a wide range of viruses has been established. between january 2004 and december 2005, a modified microplate method, including hef, hep-2, vero e6, mdck, rd-18s, and gmk cell lines (hhve6mrg plate), was adopted to isolate viruses. a total of 1,551 viruses were isolated, representing both outbreaks and sporadic cases, from 4,107 nasopharyngeal specimens, at ...200818503168
respiratory failure associated with human metapneumovirus infection in an infant posthepatic transplant.this is the first reported case of respiratory failure associated with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in a liver transplant recipient or in a pediatric solid transplant recipient. a 9-month-old female developed respiratory distress 8 days following a liver transplant. hmpv was detected and she required intubation followed by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 26 days. immunosuppressive medications were stopped during the acute infection except for methylprednisolone as treatment for ...200818513273
deletion of human metapneumovirus m2-2 increases mutation frequency and attenuates growth in hamsters.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection can cause acute lower respiratory tract illness in infants, the immunocompromised, and the elderly. currently there are no licensed preventative measures for hmpv infections. using a variant of hmpv/nl/1/00 that does not require trypsin supplementation for growth in tissue culture, we deleted the m2-2 gene and evaluated the replication of rhmpv/deltam2-2 virus in vitro and in vivo.200818519001
[analysis of human metapneumovirus genotype in hunan, china and its attachment protein g sequence character].to understand the genotypes of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and the genetic character of hmpv attachment protein g sequence in hunan, china.200818574527
human metapneumovirus reinfection among children in thailand determined by elisa using purified soluble fusion protein.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a newly discovered paramyxovirus that causes acute respiratory illness. despite apparent near-universal exposure during early childhood, immunity is transient.200818680407
viral infection in adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: prevalence, pathogens, and presentation.the potential role of respiratory viruses in the natural history of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adults has not been well described since the advent of nucleic amplification tests (nats).200818689592
clinical findings and unusual epidemiologic characteristics of human metapneumovirus infections in children in the region of basel, switzerland.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) worldwide causes respiratory tract infections with features similar to those of rsv infection. we describe features of hmpv infections in children and compare some of the characteristics with those of rsv infections. from october 2004 to february 2006, 75 patients, 34 hospitalized and 41 outpatients, were diagnosed with hmpv infections by multiplex pcr applied to nasopharyngeal specimens. while hmpv was found rarely in the early phase of the study, a significant incr ...200817297613
prevalence, clinical presentations and complications among hospitalized children with influenza pneumonia.viral respiratory tract infections are a major cause of hospitalization in children. influenza is common but often not laboratory proven. we report a prospective study of children admitted with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. infants and children (ages 1 month-15 years) who were hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled in the study. their nasopharyngeal aspirated samples were analyzed for common respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, by reverse transcription-polym ...200819050351
frequent frameshift and point mutations in the sh gene of human metapneumovirus passaged in vitro.during the preparation of recombinant derivatives of the can97-83 clinical isolate of human metapneumovirus (hmpv), consensus nucleotide sequencing of the recovered rna genomes provided evidence of frequent sequence heterogeneity at a number of genome positions. this heterogeneity was suggestive of sizable subpopulations containing mutations. an analysis of molecularly cloned cdnas confirmed the presence of mixed populations. the biologically derived virus on which the recombinant system is base ...200717376897
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