Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| needle polyamine concentrations and potassium nutrition in scots pine. | the response of free polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) in needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) to varying needle potassium concentrations was investigated in two potassium fertilization experiments on drained peatlands. a significant negative correlation was observed between putrescine and potassium concentrations in needles. putrescine responded more sensitively to decreasing needle k concentrations during the growing season than during the winter. putrescine accumulation ... | 1993 | 14969903 |
| cold acclimation of pinus contorta and pinus sylvestris assessed by chlorophyll fluorescence. | needle samples of six provenances each of lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. var. latifolia) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), originating from latitudes 55 to 68 degrees n in western canada and northern sweden, were collected during the autumn and subjected to freezing temperatures in the range of -8 to -29 degrees c on three occasions in september and october. needle injury was assessed by two different methods: visual assessment and chlorophyll a fluorescence. chlorophyll a fluorescenc ... | 1993 | 14969904 |
| the relationship between crown size and ring width in pinus sylvestris l. stems: dependence on indole-3-acetic acid, carbohydrates and nitrogen in the cambial region. | indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), carbohydrates, total nitrogen and amino acids in the cambial region and bark were measured at the top (10-year-old internode) and bottom (1.3 m) of the main stem of 50-year-old pinus sylvestris l. trees, having different rates and longitudinal gradients of annual ring width formation. the trees were sampled during the most active period of wood production (june 23, july 15) and at the end of this period (august 23). trees with a small crown and relatively slow growth ... | 1993 | 14969906 |
| early and late root formation in epicotyl cuttings of pinus sylvestris after auxin treatment. | auxin stimulated rooting of epicotyl cuttings of pinus sylvestris irrespective of the physiological stage of the plant from which the cuttings were taken. the epicotyl cuttings were divided into two groups, those that differentiated roots early (within 6 weeks after cutting) and those that differentiated roots late (more than 6 weeks after cutting). auxin treatment significantly stimulated the frequency of early rooting of epicotyl cuttings, whereas it had no effect on the frequency of late root ... | 1993 | 14969936 |
| effect of ammonium on glutamine synthetase activity in ectomycorrhizal fungi, and in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal scots pine seedlings. | the influence of ammonium on glutamine synthetase activity (gs, ec 6.3.1.2) was studied in three species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, paxillus involutus (batsch:fr) fr, piloderma croceum erikss. and hjortst. and suillus variegatus (fr) o kuntze growing in pure culture, as well as in the roots and needles of nursery-grown, non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings inoculated with paxillus involutus or piloderma croceum as the symbiont. in response to increasing conce ... | 1993 | 14969937 |
| conifer aphids in an air-polluted environment. ii. host plant quality. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were transported to five forest sites at increasing distances from a pulp mill emitting mainly so(2). levels of compounds which may have nutritional or defensive value for aphids on pine and spruce seedlings were studied. glucose and fructose concentrations were significantly increased in pine and spruce needles near the pulp mill. there were no changes in sucrose and starch concentrations. in pine shoots, tot ... | 1993 | 15091864 |
| the effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and soil chemistry on the nutritional status of pseudotsuga menziesii, pinus nigra and pinus sylvestris. | the ammonium content and the base cation content, expressed relative to ammonium, are enhanced in the soil of dutch forests, due to the extremely high deposition of ammonium to the forest floor. a nation-wide investigation was carried out to establish whether and how these changed nitrogen fluxes in deposition and soil affect the nutritional status of coniferous trees. the chemical composition of needles of douglas fir, scots pine and corsican pine showed a regional trend similar to that of depo ... | 1993 | 15091876 |
| monoterpenes emitted to air from industrial barking of scandinavian conifers. | monoterpenes released to air were determined during single-log barking of timber at a saw-mill and during tumble drum barking of pulpwood at a tmp mill. characteristic proportions of fourteen compounds were assessed by adsorbent sampling and gas chromatography. for scots pine (pinus sylvestris), the bicylic monoterpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene predominated. for norway spruce (picea abies), alpha-pinene followed by beta-pinene were the major components. the proportions of beta-phellandrene and ... | 1993 | 15091881 |
| photooxidant-forming monoterpenes in air plumes from kraft pulp industries. | monoterpenes emitted to air from two swedish kraft (sulphate) pulp-mills were determined by sampling on the tenax adsorbent followed by laboratory analysis using thermal desorption combined with high-resolution gas chromatography. the composition of the terpenes was found to be similar in the emissions from various parts of the process as well as in the mill plume. the bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene, originating principally from wood of scots pine (pinus sylvestris), predominated am ... | 1993 | 15091882 |
| molecular responses to photooxidative stress in pinus sylvestris (l.) (ii. differential expression of cuzn-superoxide dismutases and glutathione reductase. | the influence of photooxidative stress on genes expressing superoxide dismutase (sod) and glutathione reductase (gor) was analyzed in needles of top and side shoots of 3-year-old pinus sylvestris (l.) seedlings. the study was carried out in the field during spring recovery. from mid-april the top shoots of seedlings protruded above the snow and thus were exposed to sunlight, whereas the side shoots were covered with snow until may 4. needles were sampled from top and side shoots on five differen ... | 1993 | 12232032 |
| research on the impact of forest stand structure on atmospheric deposition. | dry and wet deposition onto thirty forest stands in relation to stand structure is studied by sampling throughfall and bulk precipitation. nine measurement sites are situated in pseudotsuga menziesii stands, ten in pinus sylvestris and eleven in quercus robur stands. all stands are situated within a radius of 1.2 km to assure a more or less equal air pollution load. in each stand, detailed forest structure inventories are made to determine aerodynamic roughness, collecting efficiency and surface ... | 1992 | 15092040 |
| vulnerability of several conifers to air embolism. | hydraulic properties of xylem in seven species of conifer were studied during late winter and early spring 1991. vulnerability to cavitation and air embolism was investigated using hydraulic conductivity and acoustic techniques. embolisms were induced in branches excised from mature trees by air-drying them in the laboratory. both techniques gave comparable results indicating that they both assess the same phenomenon. within a tree, vulnerability was related to the permeability of the xylem, the ... | 1992 | 14969968 |
| effects of root temperature on growth and photosynthesis in conifer seedlings during shoot elongation. | growth and gas exchange characteristics were studied in pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and spruce (picea abies karst.) seedlings grown in hydroponic culture in the presence of n (50 mg l(-1)) and transferred at the start of their second growing season to tap water at 5, 8, 12, 16 or 20 degrees c (air temperature between 18-20 degrees c) for 3 weeks (pine) or 5 weeks (spruce). root growth of both species was completely inhibited at root temperatures of 5 and 8 degrees c, but increased almost exponent ... | 1992 | 14969980 |
| photosynthesis of a scots pine shoot: a comparison of two models of shoot photosynthesis in direct and diffuse radiation fields. | two models of shoot photosynthesis, the needle surface element model (sem) and needle volume element model (vem), were tested against empirical data obtained from measurements of the photosynthetic response of twelve scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) shoots in direct and diffuse radiation. the models assume that shoot photosynthesis is obtained as the integrated response of either all needle surface area elements (sem) or all needle volume elements (vem) of the shoot. the models differ in that ne ... | 1992 | 14969863 |
| nutrient retranslocation within the foliage of pinus sylvestris. | during the period 1983-1987, retranslocation of n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, zn, fe, b and al within the foliage of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied in sapling, pole-stage and mature stands in eastern finland. needle concentrations of the mobile nutrients n, p, and k varied seasonally because of retranslocation. in unfertilized plots, needle contents of n, p and k decreased 62-92% during senescence and needle dry weight decreased 19-51%. in some years, needle contents of ca, mn, zn, fe, b an ... | 1992 | 14969874 |
| patterns in aboveground carbon allocation and tree architecture that favor stem growth in young scots pine from high latitudes. | the production and allocation of aboveground biomass and the characteristics of tree architecture were examined in eight-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). considerable among-tree variation existed in tree architecture, total aboveground dry mass production, and dry mass partitioning among tree parts. a linear relationship existed between needle and branch mass. stem mass was directly proportional to tree height, which in turn was directly proportional to the allocation ratio between ste ... | 1992 | 14969876 |
| an account of the ticks of the northeastern of spain (acarina: ixodidae). | the tick species commonly collected at the northeast of spain are reported in this paper. data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. r. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. r. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or fo ... | 1992 | 1290375 |
| a functional promoter shift of a chloroplast gene: a transcriptional fusion between a novel psba gene copy and the trnk (uuu) gene in pinus contorta. | a comparative transcription analysis of the chloroplast trnk-psba-trnh region of the two pine species pinus contorta and pinus sylvestris is reported. the chloroplast genome of p. contorta has previously been shown to contain a duplicated psba gene copy integrated closely upstream of the split trnk gene. this rearrangement has resulted in the gene order psbai-trnk-psbaii-trnh, where psbaii is the ancestral psba gene copy. in p. sylvestris, a species which lacks the psba duplication, transcriptio ... | 1992 | 1302639 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding cuzn-superoxide dismutases in scots pine. | a scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) cdna library was screened with two heterologous cdna probes (p31 and t10) encoding cytosolic and chloroplastic superoxide dismutases (sod) from tomato. several positive clones for cytosolic and chloroplastic superoxide dismutases were isolated, subcloned, mapped and sequenced. one of the cdna clones (ps3) had a full-length open reading frame of 465 bp corresponding to 154 amino acid residues and showed approximately 85% homology with the amino acid sequences of ... | 1992 | 1371406 |
| a single change of histidine to glutamine alters the substrate preference of a stilbene synthase. | stilbene and chalcone synthases are related polyketide synthases which use the same substrates but form different products. the environment of the condensing active site cysteine is highly conserved, except for the positions -2 and -3. all chalcone synthases contain gln-gln and prefer 4-coumaroyl-coa as starter coa ester, while the two known stilbene synthases contain gln-his or his-gln (preference phenylpropionyl-coa and 4-coumaroyl-coa, respectively). we investigated whether the presence and/o ... | 1992 | 1400374 |
| stilbene synthase from scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | stilbene synthases are named according to their substrate preferences. by this definition, enzymes preferring cinnamoyl-coa are pinosylvin synthases, and proteins with a preference for phenylpropionyl-coa are dihydropinosylvin synthases. we investigated the assignment of a stilbene synthase cloned from scots pine (pinus sylvestris) as dihydropinosylvin synthase and the proposal of an additional pinosylvin synthase [1992, plant mol. biol. 18, 489-503]. the results show that the previous interpret ... | 1992 | 1426272 |
| pine stilbene synthase cdna, a tool for probing environmental stress. | stilbene synthase cdnas were isolated from a pine (pinus sylvestris) cdna library. poly(a)+rna required for the preparation was obtained from young seedlings challenged with botrytis cinerea. a full-length cdna encoding pinosylvin-forming stilbene synthase was sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with sequences of resveratrol-forming stilbene synthases. the cdna coding for the key enzyme of pinosylvin formation is a valuable tool for detecting early effects of environmenta ... | 1992 | 1451785 |
| [features of pine seedling growth under the effects of radiation]. | the growth of pinus sylvestris seedlings was delayed and polystem occurrence increased with chronic irradiation (a cumulative dose of external gamma-radiation was 6-8 gy in 1986 and 0.7 gy in 1990). the apical meristem activity was inhibited and central stem and main root died off under the effect of the radiation doses applied resulting in the development of plants of a specific floating form. | 1992 | 1496107 |
| molecular analysis of chalcone and dihydropinosylvin synthase from scots pine (pinus sylvestris), and differential regulation of these and related enzyme activities in stressed plants. | chalcone synthase (chs) and stilbene synthase (sts) are closely related polyketide synthases which are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and stilbenes. scots pine (pinus sylvestris) is an interesting plant for a direct comparison of the enzymes. it not only contains the usual flavonoids, but also an unusual chalcone derivative (pinocembrin), and it synthesizes stilbenes of the pinosylvin type. we analysed a chs and a sts by molecular cloning and functional expression in escherichia c ... | 1992 | 1536925 |
| response of epiphytic microflora from pinus sylvestris needles to alkaline deposition. | 1992 | 1536997 | |
| within-wood spatial dispersion of the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus (steiner &buhrer) nickle, spatial dispersion was determined in scots pine, pinus sylvestris l., bolts infested with the pine sawyer beetle, monochamus carolinensis (olivier) and in bolts without m. carolinensis. according to taylor's power law and green's index of dispersion, nematode dispersion was aggregated in both sets of bolts. the degree of aggregation did not differ significantly between beetle-infested and noninfested bolts, suggesting that t ... | 1992 | 19283026 |
| (1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol-2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside-a moose deterrent compound in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | hydrophilic extracts of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) twigs have been investigated for palatability to moose in feeding experiments. the predominant repellent effect was observed from the 2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside of the monoterpene (1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol. of other isolated and tested substances, only taxifolin-3'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside had a deterring effect. one fraction-containing mainly aliphatic compounds-also had a strong effect, but the effect was lost after further fractionation. t ... | 1992 | 24254781 |
| multivariate study of moose browsing in relation to phenol pattern in pine needles. | extracts of needles from scots pine,pinus sylvestris l., grown on fertile (a) or poor (b) soil, and from lodgepole pine,p. contorta doug. (c), have been analyzed with hplc and uv detection. by application of multivariate analysis, the phenol pattern was shown to vary between species and between habitats. within groups a and b, moose food choice was highly correlated to phenol pattern. concentrations of most of the analyzed compounds were internally correlated. information related to pine growth ... | 1992 | 24253873 |
| influence of temperature on development of pine wilt in scots pine. | the effect of temperature on pine wilt development in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) was examined in three experiments. container-grown pines (4-6 years old) inoculated with 1,500 bursaphelenchus xylophilus were incubated at constant temperatures in growth chamber for 8 weeks, then at a temperature range of 15-30 c in a greenhouse for 10-12 weeks. nematode infection was greater, tree mortality was higher, and disease incubation was shorter at 32 and 30 c than at 25, 23, 18, and 11 c. foliar sympt ... | 1991 | 19283111 |
| cryopreservation of the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus spp. | populations of three isolates of bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode, and one of b. mucronatus were treated with three cryoprotectants at -70 c for 24 hours followed by deep freezing at -180 c in liquid nitrogen for different periods of time. a solution of 15% glycerol, 35% buffer s, and 50% m9, or 1% aqueous solution of dimethylsulfoxide (dmso), or a mixture of 60% m9 and 40% s buffer were used as cryoprotectants. a significantly larger number of juveniles than adults survived dee ... | 1991 | 19283151 |
| rapid changes in the range limits of scots pine 4000 years ago. | paleoecological data provide estimates of response rates to past climate changes. fossil pinus sylvestris stumps in far northern scotland demonstrate former presence of pine trees where conventional pollen evidence of pine forests is lacking. radiocarbon, dendrochronological, and fine temporal-resolution palynological data show that pine forests were present for about four centuries some 4000 years ago; the forests expanded and then retreated rapidly some 70 to 80 kilometers. despite the rapidit ... | 1991 | 17840866 |
| isolation, purification, and subcellular localization of isozymes of superoxide dismutase from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | two of four isozymes of superoxide dismutase (sod) (ec 1.15.1.1) were purified from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. one form was cytosolic (sod-1) and the other was associated with chloroplasts (sod-3). the holoenzyme molecular masses was estimated at approximately 35 kilodaltons by gel filtration. the subunit molecular weight of the dimeric enzymes was estimated to 16.5 kilodaltons (sod-1) and 20.4 kilodaltons (sod-3) on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gels. the nh(2)-terminal se ... | 1991 | 16667953 |
| defense mechanisms of conifers : relationship of monoterpene cyclase activity to anatomical specialization and oleoresin monoterpene content. | cell-free extracts from pinus ponderosa lawson (ponderosa pine) and pinus sylvestris l. (scotch pine) wood exhibited high levels of monoterpene synthase (cyclase) activity, whereas bark extracts of these species contained no detectable activity, and they inhibited cyclase activity when added to extracts from wood, unless polyvinylpyrrolidone was included in the preparation. the molecular mass of the polyvinylpyrrolidone added was of little consequence; however, polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (a cross- ... | 1991 | 16668182 |
| biochemical plant responses to ozone : ii. induction of stilbene biosynthesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. | formation of the stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin 3-methyl ether, as well as the activity of the biosynthetic enzyme stilbene synthase (pinosylvin-forming), were induced several hundred- to thousandfold in primary needles of 6-week-old pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings upon exposure to a single pulse of ozone of at least 0.15 microliters per liter. the seedlings required 4 hours of exposure as a minimum for the induction of stilbene biosynthesis when exposed to 0.2 microliters per liter oz ... | 1991 | 16668544 |
| seasonal variation in ethylene concentration in the wood of pinus sylvestris l. | ethylene concentrations were determined in gas samples extracted from sealed holes made in the sapwood and heartwood of stems of 70-100-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l). gas could be collected from the heartwood holes by lowering the pressure by means of a large syringe. however, attempts to extract gas from air spaces in the sapwood with the same technique failed, presumably because of lack of an interconnected system of gas-filled canals. high ethylene concentrations, usually in excess ... | 1991 | 14972877 |
| isolation of functional rna from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. | a method for the isolation of rna from different tissues of trees (seedlings, saplings, and adult trees) is described. using this procedure it is possible to remove large amounts of disturbing polyphenolic compounds from nucleic acids. the method involves an acetone treatment of the freeze-dried and powdered plant material, the use of high salt concentrations in the extraction buffer and an aqueous two-phase system. these steps were combined with the conventional phenol/chloroform extraction and ... | 1991 | 1719845 |
| evolutionary conservation of the chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: cdnas encoding type i, ii and iii lhc i polypeptides from the gymnosperm scots pine. | cdnas encoding three different lhc i polypeptides (type i, type ii and type iii) from the gymnosperm scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were isolated and sequences. comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences with the corresponding tomato sequences showed that all three proteins were highly conserved although less so than the lhc ii proteins. the similarities between mature scots pine and tomato types i, ii and iii lhc i proteins were 80%, 87% and 85%, respectively. two of the five his residue ... | 1991 | 1896022 |
| combined use of open-air and indoor fumigation systems to study effects of so2 on leaching processes in scots pine litter. | both an open-air fumigation system and a laboratory-based system were used to expose decomposing scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles to controlled concentrations of so(2) (arithmetic mean </= 48 nl litre(-1)) during a period, in total, of 301 days. the experimental design involved reciprocal litter transplants from 'clean' to 'polluted' air and vice versa, using the two fumigation systems. the objectives were (1) to observe the effects of so(2) on leachate and litter chemistry, (2) to asses ... | 1991 | 15092059 |
| high nitrogen deposition causes changes in amino acid concentrations and protein spectra in needles of the scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | growth of the scots pine (pinus sylvestris) suffered considerably in forests close to fur farms in western finland, with the occurrence of winter time dieback in the youngest shoots and leading to a bush-like, flat crown canopy. one reason for this growth disturbance may be a serious imbalance in nitrogen metabolism caused by the extra n supply, emitted as nh3 from the dung of the animals. total n and nh4+ concentrations in the needles and soluble nitrogen concentration in the soil increased con ... | 1991 | 15092106 |
| effect of simulated acid rain on quantity of epiphytic microfungi on scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | the effects of simulated acid rain on the phyllosphere microflora of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) were studied experimentally in northern finland during the summer of 1988. trees were irrigated with artificial acid rain of ph4 and ph3 (h(2)so(4) and hno(3), weight ratio of s:n=2.86:1). untreated trees and trees irrigated with spring water (ph6) were used as controls. two sampling heights (0.5m and 2m) were used. the needles were colonized exclusively by epiphytic fungi, mainly aureobasidium pullul ... | 1990 | 15092206 |
| type i and type ii genes for the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein in the gymnosperm pinus sylvestris (scots pine): cdna cloning and sequence analysis. | a cdna library was constructed from mrna prepared from light-treated seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and cdnas for the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein lhc-ii were identified using a pea gene as the heterologous probe. three cdna clones were sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequences of two of the genes corresponded to type i and one to type ii lhc-ii proteins which were ca. 90% homologous to their angiosperm counterparts. the transit peptides of the scots pine prelhc-ii showed fea ... | 1990 | 2102816 |
| seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of fertilized scots pine trees. | seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of 30-year-old, fertilized scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees growing in northern sweden were investigated over two years in field experiments. the studied plots had been fertilized annually for 17 years with (i) a high level of n, (ii) a medium level of n, or (iii) a medium level of n, p and k. trees growing on unfertilized plots served as controls. in control trees, glutamine, glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, asp ... | 1990 | 14972938 |
| induction of acropetal (14)c-photosynthate transport and radial growth by indole-3-acetic acid in pinus sylvestris shoots. | the relationship between radial growth and assimilate movement was determined in one-year-old pinus sylvestris (l.) cuttings collected during the dormant period and reactivated for 1-27 days under environmental conditions favorable for growth. the cuttings were either left with buds intact, defoliated along the distal 8 cm, or debudded and treated apically with 0 or 1 mg g(-1) indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in lanolin. radial growth was measured as tracheid production and bark radial width. the dist ... | 1990 | 14972949 |
| extended host range of agrobacterium tumefaciens in the genus pinus. | two-to 4-month-old seedlings of nine pine species (pinus eldarica medw., pinus elliottii engelm., pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf., pinus lambertiana dougl., pinus ponderosa laws., pinus radiata d. don, pinus sylvestris l., pinus taeda l., pinus virginiana mill), douglas fir (pseudotsuaa menziesii (mirb.) franco) and incense cedar (libocedrus decurrens torr.) were inoculated with five strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformation occurred in all conifer species tested as determined by gall fo ... | 1990 | 16667394 |
| distribution of indole-3-acetic acid and the occurrence of its alkali-labile conjugates in the extraxylary region of pinus sylvestris stems. | free and conjugated indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) were measured by quantitative gas chromatography-selected ion monitoringmass spectrometry in the extraxylary region of the stem of large pinus sylvestris (l.) trees during the annual cycle of cambial activity and dormancy. the extraxylary region at the stem top and bottom was divided into 3 and 4 fractions, respectively, for the free iaa measurements, while the entire extraxylary region was extracted when the iaa-conjugates were analyzed. the effect ... | 1990 | 16667616 |
| tracheid production in response to changes in the internal level of indole-3-acetic acid in 1-year-old shoots of scots pine. | different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) were applied in lanolin to 1-year-old shoots of pinus sylvestris (l.) in a manner known to stimulate cambial activity. the internal concentration of free iaa was measured at a distance below the application point by combined gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry using [(13)c(6)]iaa as a quantitative internal standard, and related to the production of tracheids at the same site. the experiment was performed with: (a) de ... | 1990 | 16667908 |
| relationship of bursaphelenchus xylophilus population density to mortality of pinus sylvestris. | seven-month-old scots pine seedlings were inoculated with water or culture filtrate (controls), with 10,000, or 20,000 (experiment 1), and with 2,500 (experiment 2) bursaphelenchus xylophilus b.c. isolate nematodes and maintained under defined experimental conditions. controls did not develop pine wilt disease over a 2-month period. in experiment 1, less than 50% of the inoculum was recovered from the nematode-inoculated seedlings in the first 48 hours, after which the nematode population of bot ... | 1990 | 19287724 |
| effect of bursaphelenchus xylophilus on the assimilation and translocation of 14 c in pinus sylvestris. | the effect of wound, wound + water, wound + bursaphelenchus xylophilus culture filtrate, or wound + lethal b. xylophilus doses on the assimilation and translocation of (1)c by 8-month-old pinus sylvestris seedlings was tested. in two separate experiments, pine seedlings were exposed to 28.35 muci of (1)co for 20 minutes below or above (to the pine shoot leader) the point of nematode inoculation. after 2 and 4 hours of dark adaptation, 80% ethanol soluble (1)c tissue extracts were determined by l ... | 1990 | 19287750 |
| assay and electrophoresis of superoxide dismutase from red spruce (picea rubens sarg.), loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.), and scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) : a method for biomonitoring. | this paper reports a method for extracting the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (sod) from the needles of red spruce (picea rubens sarg.), loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.), and scotch pine (pinus sylvestris l.) with high efficiency and free from interfering compounds. the extraction employs phosphate buffer with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and triton x-100 followed by dialysis overnight. the isozymes of sod in each species were separated electrophoretically and tested for their sensitivity to ... | 1989 | 16666837 |
| rapid effects of red light on the isopentenyladenosine content in scots pine seeds. | red light (r) stimulates germination in scots pine seed (pinus sylvestris l.). the response is far red (fr) reversible. the dynamics of cytokinin changes following light treatment was investigated. extracts were purified by immunoaffinity and high performance liquid chromatography. n(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl) adenosine (ipa) and trans-zeatin riboside (zr) were quantified by both uv-absorbance of high performance liquid chromatography peaks and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. identification ... | 1989 | 16667042 |
| isolation and characterization of hot particles from chernobyl fallout in southwestern finland. | three types of activity composition have been found in airborne hot particles that were transported long distances from the chernobyl accident. their characterization is based on the analysis of single particles isolated from pinus sylvestris needles. the average activity of the particles was 130 bq at the time of the accident. the most common type of particle contains the radioactive species 141ce, 144ce, 95zr and 95nb; the second type includes 103ru and 106ru along with the previous isotopes; ... | 1989 | 2584032 |
| regional variation in surface properties of norway spruce and scots pine needles in relation to forest decline. | measurements of leaf wettability (contact angle), amounts of epicuticular wax and of surface dust are reported for scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l) karst) trees growing at 12 sites in europe from sw germany to ne scotland. at each site, three year classes (current year, 1 and 2-year-old) of needles were sampled from the mid-crown of up to 12 trees. trees were selected at random from two strata, those showing visible decline symptoms (i.e. loss of needles or dis ... | 1989 | 15092422 |
| height growth of different european scots pine pinus sylvestris l. provenances in a heavily polluted and a control environment. | results are presented of height measurements and degree of needle injury on five-year-old plants of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing near a phosphate fertiliser plant that emits so(2) and fluorides. the populations of scots pine represented in this experiment originate from 11 countries and were substantially differentiated in height growth and extent of needle necroses. those populations which grew most rapidly were found to be the most sensitive to pollutant injury. the least productiv ... | 1988 | 15092497 |
| auxin and ethylene regulation of diameter growth in trees. | recent studies on the phytohormonal regulation of seasonal cell-division activity in the cambium, primary-wall radial expansion of cambial derivatives, differentiation of xylem cells, and growth of the cortex in forest trees of the north temperate zone are reviewed. indol-3-ylacetic acid (iaa, auxin) has been characterized by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) in the cambial region of abies balsamea, pinus densiflora, pinus sylvestris and quercus robur. all of the evidence sup ... | 1988 | 14972810 |
| electrophoretic analysis of genetic linkage in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | eighty megagametophytes from each of 24 scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) were subjected to horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. the trees were from crosses among widely separated provenances, and each was polymorphic for 8 to 14 loci. evidence for linkage among 275 two-locus combinations was tested using chi-square analysis. data from different trees were pooled to calculate map distances for the species. nineteen of the twenty-nine loci tested were linked in one of six groups; the groups var ... | 1987 | 3450273 |
| vitamin d and its metabolites in the pollen of pine. part 5: steroid hormones in the pollen of pine species. | unconjugated vitamin d and its metabolites were investigated in the pollen of pinus nigra ar. and pinus sylvestris l. by tlc, hplc and competitive radiochemical determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-ohd3). it was found that vitamin d (d2, d3) was present in the pollen in amounts about 2 micrograms/10 g and 25-ohd3, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(oh)2d3] and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(oh)2d3] between 0.1 and 3 micrograms/10 g of pollen, dependent on pollen species and m ... | 1987 | 3671475 |
| effects of low night temperature and light on chlorophyll fluorescence of field-grown seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics was observed in naturally regenerated and planted scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings growing at two adjacent sites in northern sweden. some seedlings were shaded from direct solar radiation and some were protected from frost at night. air temperature and solar radiation were monitored. in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics of current-year needles was measured at both room temperature and 77 k. on clear days during august, variable fluorescenc ... | 1987 | 14975814 |
| nitrate metabolism in scots pine seedlings during their first growing season. | fluctuations in nitrate reductase activity (nra), nitrate, nitrite, protein and total nitrogen content of bare-root scots pine seedlings (pinus sylvestris l.) raised outdoors were investigated during the first growing season. nitrate reductase activity was higher in roots than in needles, whereas no(3) (-) content was higher in needles than in roots and increased in both from june to october. nitrate reductase activity in roots correlated more closely with no(3) (-) n in the soil than did no(3) ... | 1987 | 14975821 |
| indole 3-acetic acid concentration in the leading shoot and living stem bark of scots pine: seasonal variation and effects of pruning. | seasonal changes in the concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the leading shoot and in the live tissue external to the xylem (living bark) of 2-3 m tall scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were observed over a period of three years. both the leading shoot and the living bark showed a consistent pattern of seasonal variation in iaa content, with maxima of about 150 and 350 ng g(-1) (fresh weight), respectively. the iaa concentration in both tissues increased in late june at the time o ... | 1987 | 14975829 |
| relative susceptibility of four pine species to infection by pinewood nematode. | mature trees of eastern white, jack, scotch, and shortleaf pines were inoculated with 25,000-34,000 pinewood nematodes, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, isolated from infected scotch pines in missouri. equal numbers of trees of each species inoculated with distilled water served as controls. nine of fifteen scotch pines died within 4 months of nematode infection or during the winter and early spring following infection. a single eastern white and shortleaf pine died. no jack pines died. a single scot ... | 1987 | 19290105 |
| characterization of a nonparasitic isolate of bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | bursaphelenchus xylophilus isolate mpsy-1av was subcultured from pathotype mpsy-1. mpsy-1av is nonparasitic and does not establish in pinus sylvestris, p. strobus, p. nigra, or p. taeda. this isolate produces ethanol as an end product of carbohydrate metabolism, whereas its parent pathotype, mpsy-1, does not. alcohol dehydrogenase activity was easily detectable in homogenates of mpsy-1av but barely detectable in some homogenates of mpsy-1. genomic differences were seen between mpsy-1 and m psy-1 ... | 1987 | 19290148 |
| pathotypes of the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | an isolate of bursaphelenchus xylophilus from pinus sylvestris in missouri infected and reproduced in 2-3-year-old seedlings of p. sylvestris and to some extent in seedlings of p. nigra. wilting, however, occurred only in p. sylvestris. b. xylophilus isolated from p. strobus in vermont infected and reproduced only in p. strobus seedlings. p. taeda seedlings were resistant to both of these isolates. phytotoxin production was seen only in susceptible seedling species-nematode combinations. signifi ... | 1986 | 19294172 |
| stomatal responses to humidity in selected conifers. | stomatal response to changes in leaf-to-air water vapor pressure difference (d) was studied in needles of the current year's shoot of three-year-old seedlings of picea sitchensis (bong.) carr., pinus contorta dougl. ex loud., larix x eurolepis henry, and pinus sylvestris l. both eight-week- and ten-month-old shoots of p. sylvestris were studied. stomata of all the species responded by closing to some degree as d was increased over the range 0.4-2.0 kpa. ten-month-old shoots of p. sylvestris show ... | 1986 | 14975844 |
| changes in carbon allocation patterns in spruce and pine trees following irrigation and fertilization. | the paper presents an overview of the results of long-term fertilization and irrigation experiments in stands of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.). large increases in stemwood production during the first 12 years of the experiments were achieved by fertilization especially when a balanced mixture of macro- and micronutrients was applied. the effect of irrigation alone was small, but it greatly enhanced the response of the ground vegetation to the applic ... | 1986 | 14975853 |
| effects of temperature on shoot growth in northern provenances of pinus sylvestris l. | effects of temperature on shoot growth in northern provenances of pinus sylvestris l. were studied under natural long-day conditions (lat. 69 degrees 39' n) at controlled temperatures. the optimum constant temperature for formation of stem unit primordia in the terminal resting bud was 18 to 21 degrees c. stem unit number decreased linearly with temperature between 15 and 9 degrees c. temperature during bud formation had a significant effect on final stem unit length achieved in the following ye ... | 1986 | 14975895 |
| influence of gibberellic acid and stock plant irradiance on carbohydrate content and rooting in cuttings of scots pine seedlings (pinus sylvestris l.). | seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. were grown at three different irradiances (12, 30, or 60 w m(-2)) under a 17 h photoperiod. after six weeks, cuttings were excised and rooted at 30 w m(-2). gibberellic acid (ga(3), 5 microl of 2 x 10(-4) or 2 x 10(-3) m) was applied to each cutting immediately after excision. cuttings from stock plants grown at the low irradiance rooted most quickly, whereas the highest number of roots per cutting was obtained in cuttings from stock plants grown at 30 w m(-2). g ... | 1986 | 14975914 |
| a photographic system for measuring shoot elongation in tree seedlings and relation to solar radiation and temperature. | an automatic system has been developed to measure the variations in the rate of shoot elongation of tree seedlings. a camera equipped with 50 mm macro-objective lens, with automatic flash and winder is attached to a motor-operated rotatable stand. the camera is connected to an intervalometer enabling exposures of various seedlings placed around the stand to be taken in sequence at a given time interval. the time interval between the exposures of each seedling is adjustable between 5 min and one ... | 1985 | 4007579 |
| production of b-group vitamins by bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere, and mycorrhizosphere of pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | studies on the production of b vitamins by soil, rhizosphere, and mycorrhizosphere bacteria have revealed that such ability is common among these organisms. thiamin, nicotinic and folic acids were produced by the greatest number of bacteria. bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere produced more riboflavin than those originating from the soil distant from roots. in general the soil strains produced higher amounts of vitamins (except riboflavin) than the root-zone isolates. two ... | 1985 | 4050173 |
| production of cytokinin-like substances by mycorrhizal fungi of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in cultures with and without metabolites of actinomycetes. | studies on the effect of post culture liquids of actinomycetes on cytokinin-like substances production by mycorrhizal fungi have revealed that actinomycete metabolites inhibited or stimulated the synthesis of these compounds. the results of chromatographic analyses suggest, that substances stimulating the soybean callus are likely to be: riboside 6 (gamma, gamma-dimethylallylamino) purine and riboside zeatin. using gas chromatography it was confirmed that both substances are produced by rhizopog ... | 1985 | 2412406 |
| production of organic acids by bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere of pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | the bacteria studied released into the medium ten to eleven organic acids. soil organisms excreted mainly pyruvic and alpha-ketoglutaric acids, while strains from the root zone--gluconic acid and unidentified uronic acid (y2). mean indices of total production of the organic acids by bacteria were in the following order: rhizosphere less than soil less than mycorrizosphere. bacteria from the root zone released into the medium very large amounts of pyruvic, gluconic, and uronic (y2) acids--in some ... | 1985 | 2421547 |
| free amino acids production by ectomycorrhizal fungi of pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | studies on free amino acids production by five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (amanita muscaria, suillus granulatus, suillus luteus, suillus bovinus and rhizopogon luteolus) show that all the fungi produced mainly: glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, ornithine, arginine and an unidentified ninhydrin-positive compound x3. both the quality and quantity of amino acids released was different in the fungal species studied. the predominant amino acids in post-culture liquids in general did not exceed 1. ... | 1985 | 2579530 |
| identification and quantification of indole-3-methanol in etiolated seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). | combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been used to identify indole-3-methanol in a purified buffer extract from etiolated seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. quantitative estimates obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, corrected for losses occurring during purification, indicated that etiolated seedlings of p. sylvestris contained 19.7 +/- 1.4 nanograms (+/- standard deviation) indole-3-methanol per gram fresh weight. the stability of indole-3-m ... | 1985 | 16664170 |
| phytotoxin production in bursaphelenchus xylophilus-infected pinus sylvestris. | our findings suggest that i) phytotoxic materials can be isolated from bursaphelenchus xylophilus-infected scots pine, but not from noninfected pines; ii) the phytotoxins cause wilting of 45-day-old and 2-year-old pine seedlings in a dose and species dependent manner; iii) the phytotoxins are produced early in the infection, accumulate or increase with time, and may function to suppress water transport in the tree; and iv) the phytotoxins are lipid materials of low molecular weight which are not ... | 1984 | 19295874 |
| effect of phytotoxin from nematode-induced pinewilt on bursaphelenchus xylophilus and ceratocystis ips. | a phytotoxic extract from pinus sylvestris infected with bursaphelenchus xylophilus inhibited growth of the blue-strain fungus ceratocystis ips and caused temporary paralysis in vitro of b. xylophilus. although the nematodes recovered from paralysis, final population size of b. xylophilus was suppressed by the toxin. extracts from noninfected p. sylvestris affected neither the fungus nor the nematode. | 1984 | 19294025 |
| cold acclimation of suspension cultures of pinus sylvestris in response to light and temperature treatments. | suspension cultures of pinus sylvestris l. (provenance södra ydre) were used to determine frost hardiness after manipulating daylengths and temperatures. frost hardiness was determined with the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (ttc) reduction method. the cultures were able to acclimate and increase frost hardiness levels; both low temperature (2 degrees c) and short day (8 h) treatments were used at the same time, but increased survival temperatures were not achieved when only one type of stimulus ... | 1983 | 16663151 |
| bacterial degradation of lignified wood cell walls in anaerobic aquatic habitats. | test blocks of beech (fagus sylvatica) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were buried in fresh, brackish, and seawater anaerobic muds for periods ranging between 1 and 18 months. at appropriate time intervals the test blocks were recovered and examined for changes in weight and for bacterial attack of lignified wood cell walls. only small weight losses occurred. scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that there was extensive superficial bacterial erosion of beech wood cell walls. the decay ... | 1983 | 6639026 |
| [the fitting of an empirical, time-dependent direction component for vertical growth, represented by the example of the scotch pine (pinus silvestris l.)]. | the object of this work is to offer to model of sloboda, who demanded 5 conditions on a model for the growth of trees. one equation satisfying this conditions is considered. the fitting is demonstrated by an example. | 1979 | 550996 |
| influence of the irradiance on carbohydrate content and rooting of cuttings of pine seedlings (pinus sylvestris l.). | seedlings of pinus sylvestris l. were grown for 6 weeks at an irradiance of either 8 or 40 watts per square meter in a controlled environment room. cuttings from these plants were rooted in tap water for 75 days at either 8 or 40 watts per square meter. the photoperiod was 17 hours.during the first 30 days of the rooting period quantitative changes in carbohydrates were recorded in cuttings from the different treatments. the carbohydrate contents of the cuttings were mainly regulated by the irra ... | 1978 | 16660437 |
| the virus-vector and damage potential, morphometrics and distribution of paralongidorus maximus. | paralongidorus maximus was tested as a vector for 20 viruses. nine were recovered directly from p. maximus, an indication that they had ingested the virus, but there was no correlation between the ingestion and transmission of these viruses. raspberry ringspot (english and scottish strains), arabis mosaic, and strawberry latent ringspot viruses were recovered from the roots of bait plants grown in pots together with virus infected plants and p. rnaximus. under the experimental conditions, these ... | 1977 | 19305578 |
| the constitutents of conifer needles. vi. phenolic glycosides from pinus sylvestris. | 1977 | 860630 | |
| inheritance of glutamate-oxalate-transaminases (got) from needles and endosperms of pinus sylvestris. | 1975 | 1184411 | |
| effect of meloidogyne incognita on selected forest tree species. | four or five growth stages of 14 forest tree species were tested for susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita at five inoculum levels. responses ranged from the highly susceptible 'china fir' to immune 'taiwania'. even highly susceptible species became increasingly tolerant at later growth stages, thus root-knot appears to be a greater problem in nurseries than in established forests. heavily suberized cells which restricted nematode development was the predominant host response in norway spruce, ... | 1975 | 19308146 |
| defensive use by an insect of a plant resin. | larvae of the sawfly neodiprion sertifer (hymenoptera: diprionidae), when disturbed, discharge an oily oral effluent essentially identical chemically to the terpenoid resin of its host plant (pinus sylvestris). the resin is sequestered by the larva upon feeding, and stored in two compressible diverticular pouches of the foregut. the fluid is effectively deterrent to predators. the defensive use by an insect of a plant resin provides an instance of secondary utilization by a herbivore of the prot ... | 1974 | 4207808 |
| [free sugars, cyclitols and organic acids in the cambial sap of pinus sylvestris l., picea abies karst. and abies alba mill]. | samples of cambial sap from each of the three coniferous species pinus sylvestris l., picea abies karst. and abies alba mill. were taken at the time the trees were coming into bud and analysed for low molecular weight carbohydrates, cyclitols and organic acids. they all contained the same free sugars and cyclitols, but in markedly different proportions. quantitative analyses were carried out for glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, myo-inositol, d-inositol, pinitol, sequoyitol and coniferin.th ... | 1973 | 24474307 |
| photoperiodic control of leaf growth and cambial activity in pinus sylvestris. | 1949 | 18132285 | |
| larvicidal efficacies and chemical composition of essential oils of pinus sylvestris and syzygium aromaticum against mosquitoes. | to assess the chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal potentials of essential oils of locally sourced pinus sylvestris (p. sylvestris) and syzygium aromaticum (s. aromaticum) against aedes aegypti (a. aegypti) and culex quinquefasciatus (c. quinquefasciatus). | 0 | 24144127 |