Publications

comparison of aminoglycoside resistance patterns in japan, formosa, and korea, chile, and the united states.	the resistance mechanisms of more than 2,000 aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative aerobic bacteria were estimated by a method that assigned a biochemical mechanism based on susceptibility to selected aminoglycosides. strains from hospitals in japan, formosa, and korea (the far east) were compared with strains from chile and the united states. of the strains from chile, 90% had an aminoglycoside resistance pattern indicative of the 3-n-acetyltransferase [aac(3)-v] enzyme. of the strains from th ...	1985	3914858
[effect of sulfonamides on the fatty acid composition of enterobacterial lipids].		1985	3917183
microbial colonization in a new intensive care burn unit. a prospective cohort study.	renovation of an existing intensive care burn facility required closure for ten months. an interim eight-bed open intensive care ward (b) was established in a burn convalescence ward. the renovated unit (a) contained nine single-bed intensive care rooms and seven intermediate-level care beds in four rooms. patients admitted to unit a were treated as a cohort. the first 25 admissions to unit a and the last 25 admissions to ward b meeting the inclusion criteria were compared. microbial colonizatio ...	1985	3919688
ro 17-2301: in vitro comparison with aztreonam, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and netilmicin.	the in vitro activity of the novel monobactam antibiotic, ro 17-2301 has been compared with those of aztreonam, imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and netilmicin. a total of 438 clinical isolates of aerobic gram-negative rods were employed and an agar dilution method was used for measurement of mic. ro 17-2301 was highly active against a wide variety of enterobacteriaceae species (mic range less than or equal to 0.03-8, mic50 less than or equal to 0.03, mic90 0.06 mg/l). the activity of aztreonam ...	1985	3928281
antibiotic-resistant flora in nursing home patients admitted to the hospital.	to study carriage of multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli, 50 patients admitted to the hospital from nursing homes (nhs) and 50 control admissions not from nhs were matched for age and recent antibiotic use. their antibiotic resistance patterns were similar: 20 nh patients and 14 controls had resistant strains. however, significantly more patients (64%) from nhs with large numbers of "skilled beds" had resistant bacteria than did patients from small nhs (21%) or controls (28%). also, more pa ...	1985	3929707
infection control during parenteral nutrition therapy.	parenteral nutrition therapy can achieve an anabolic state in patients who are unable to maintain normal nitrogen balance; however, it may be associated with infectious complications. infections may be related to contamination of the cannula and the cannula wound, of the infusate, or of other parts of the parenteral nutrition system. a variety of microorganisms has been associated with these infections. the exact mechanisms that initiate cannula-related infection are poorly understood. susceptib ...	1985	3934408
[effect of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (timentin) combination on bacteria resistant to ticarcillin].	sixty-nine ticarcillin-resistant strains (57 gram negative bacilli and 12 s. aureus) were tested: mics and mbcs were determined for clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, and both agents combined using a liquid micromethod. mics were compared to results of disk antibiotic sensitivity tests. while clavulanic acid exhibits little antibacterial activity, its action is synergistic with that of ticarcillin making 100% of staphylococci and 84.2% of gram negative bacilli susceptible. among the gram negative bac ...	1985	3937121
[in vitro effect of ceftriaxone on hospital bacteria. line of regression and critical values].	antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, a new third generation cephalosporin, against hospital isolates was investigated. 312 strains belonging to the most commonly recovered species were studied using the following methods: agar diffusion (disk antibiotic testing), agar dilution (determination of mic) and dilution in a liquid medium with subculture to agar plates (determination of mbc). except for a few citrobacter strains and rare serratia strains, all enterobacteriaceae tested proved highly su ...	1985	3937122
[clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults].	timentin (ticarcillin (tcr) + clavulanic acid (ac)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). the following bacteria were recovered: 10 escherichia coli, 1 pseudomona ...	1985	3937132
on percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal collections: when is primary surgical drainage preferable?	percutaneous drainage of retroperitoneal collections is a method employed with an ever-increasing frequency. the indication for primary surgical drainage of these collections is rapidly decreasing. herein we describe what we consider to be the indications for primary surgical drainage of retroperitoneal collections illustrated by the recurrence of the abscess in 3 of our patients following adequate primary percutaneous drainage.	1985	4024400
comparative in vitro activity of temocillin.	the antibacterial activity of temocillin, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested against 796 clinical isolates. we also conducted a comparative study against 8 other antibiotics. temocillin exhibited good activity against gram-negative organisms including escherichia coli, and the genera proteus, enterobacter, serratia, klebsiella, citrobacter, providencia, salmonella, shigella and haemophilus: 98% of the strains were inhibited by concentrations less than or equal to 16 mg/l. the results of ...	1985	4029029
[electrophoretic polymorphism of lactate, malate and glutamate dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase and esterases of providencia alcalifaciens, p. stuartii and p. rustigianii].	the polymorphism of glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases, of acid phosphatase and of esterases of 27 strains of providencia alcalifaciens, 35 strains of p. stuartii and 17 strains of p. rustigianii was investigated by conventional electrophoresis in polyacrylamide agarose gel and by isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. for each enzyme analysed, the three species were characterized by a distinct electrophoretic pattern. the number of allozymes detected by conventional el ...	1985	4051454
variable phenotypes of providencia stuartii due to plasmid-encoded traits.	weekly urine specimens from 51 long-term catheterized patients yielded 699 isolates of providencia stuartii. urease-positive strains represented 23.7% (166) of the isolates, sucrose-positive strains represented 24.5% (171), and lactose-utilizing strains represented 0.7% (5). urease and sucrose traits were transferred by conjugation to escherichia coli via an 82-kilobase plasmid; lactose fermentation was transferred by a 150-kilobase plasmid.	1985	4056008
a simple chromogenic test for rapid screening of proteus and providencia bacteria.	a rapid test for detection of p-nitrophenylalanine ammonia-lyase is described. the test is performed by suspending a loopful of bacteria in 0.5 ml of a buffered 1 mm solution of p-nitro-dl-phenylalanine (pnpa). the enzymatic activity is revealed by the formation of a yellow colour after 2 hours of incubation at 35 degrees c. out of 285 strains of different enterobacteria species positive results were shown only by 75 proteus and providence strains. thus, the pnpa test can be useful for rapid scr ...	1985	4069012
antiseptic-induced changes in the cell surface of a chlorhexidine-sensitive and a chlorhexidine-resistant strain of providencia stuartii.	the effects of chlorhexidine diacetate and benzalkonium chloride on the cell surface of a chlorhexidine-sensitive (pv 2) and a chlorhexidine-resistant (pv 67) strain of providencia stuartii are described. low concentrations of chlorhexidine diacetate (10 mg/l and upwards) increased the hydrophobicity of pv 2, whilst having little effect on pv 67. both strains were resistant to benzalkonium chloride but a concentration as low as 2 mg/l induced a significant increase in hydrophobicity in pv 2, wit ...	1985	4093343
evolution of an r plasmid from a cryptic plasmid by transposition of two copies of tn1 in providencia stuartii.	examination of a series of isolates of providencia stuartii collected over an 18 month period from a chronic-care patient at bristol royal infirmary revealed the emergence of resistance to carbenicillin. resistance was mediated by a 47 kb plasmid which transferred by conjugation to a plasmid-free strain of p. stuartii but not to escherichia coli. carbenicillin-sensitive isolates were either plasmid-free or contained a 36 kb cryptic plasmid. restriction endonuclease mapping of this plasmid showed ...	1985	2985741
effect of an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on ambient air densities of aerosols containing bacteria and viruses.	bacteria- and virus-containing aerosols were studied during the late summer and fall seasons in a midwestern suburb of the united states before and during the start-up and operation of an unenclosed activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. the study showed that the air in this suburban area contained low-level densities of indicator microorganisms. after the plant began operating, the densities of total aerobic bacteria-containing particles, standard plate count bacteria, total coliforms, fe ...	1985	2988442
effect of ciprofloxacin on phagocytosis.	certain aspects of the relationship between host defence mechanisms and the new quinoline derivative ciprofloxacin in comparison to norfloxacin and ofloxacin were studied. ciprofloxacin did not affect chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in agarose. in leucocytes exposed to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin neither the chemiluminescent response to opsonized zymosan and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine nor the phagocytic or bactericidal activity was affected. however, kill ...	1985	2936604
providencia stuartii: a search for its natural habitat.	a selective differential medium has been used to search for providencia stuartii in sewage, sewage contaminated natural waters and the faeces and skin of a small population of healthy non-hospitalized males. colonization of 12 male patients with long-term indwelling bladder catheters and the general environment of the spinal injury unit was also examined. providencia stuartii was not isolated from the non-hospital samples, but colonization of the urine (two patients) faeces (five patients) and s ...	1985	2862199
an investigation into in vitro methods for the detection of chlorhexidine resistance.	during an outbreak of catheter-related urinary tract infection, due to proteus mirabilis, it was suggested that the epidemic strain was resistant to chlorhexidine. in this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of chlorhexidine to the epidemic pr. mirabilis and other laboratory isolates were tested in different media. results were compared with killing times using 1/4 strength ringers solution, normal human urine and the in vivo killing times in two patients' catheter bags. it was f ...	1985	2868036
bacteriophage d: an incd group plasmid-specific phage.	the existence of the plasmid incompatibility group d was reaffirmed as a result of compatibility experiments done on plasmids r687, r711b, r778b and r840 which were previously tentatively accepted as constituting the group. the group was further delineated by the isolation of a phage, phage d, which adsorbed specifically to incd plasmid-encoded pili produced by escherichia coli k12 strains and strains of salmonella typhimurium, proteus morganii and klebsiella oxytoca harbouring one of these plas ...	1985	2870129
[antigenic characteristics of standard strains of providencia rettgeri (o- and h-antigens)].	additions and changes have been introduced into the existing antigenic diagnostic scheme of p. rettgeri on the basis of the study of the antigenic structure of standard strains from foreign collections: new, formerly unknown varieties of somatic and flagellar antigens (o35, o36, h27, h28) have been discovered, the complex of antigenic factors for h-antigens 7, 10, 23, 27 has been discovered. strains 958 (36 : 28) and 979 (16 : 27a, 23b, 2a), previously classified with the genus morganella, have ...	1985	2416153
cryptic plasmids in hospital isolates of providencia stuarti.	the distribution of cryptic plasmids among 123 isolates of providencia stuarti from a hospital ward during a prospective epidemiological study is reported. two closely related stable plasmids (34 kb and 36 kb) were identified by restriction endonuclease digest analysis of plasmid dna. one or other of these cryptic plasmids was carried by 40 isolates, the remainder were plasmid-free. a higher proportion of one cryptic plasmid (cpt-a) was found in environmental isolates than in isolates from patie ...	1984	6092640
selection of multiple antibiotic resistance by quinolones, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides with special reference to cross-resistance between unrelated drug classes.	the ability of three quinolones, two beta-lactams, and one aminoglycoside to select resistant mutants was examined in tests with 30 isolates of commonly encountered nosocomial pathogens. ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two new quinolone derivatives, were no more likely to select resistant mutants than amikacin, whereas nalidixic acid, an older quinolone derivative, was the most likely of the six drugs examined to select resistant mutants. mutational frequencies of 10(-7) to 10(-8) were observed i ...	1984	6098219
[serological passage of bacteria of the genus providencia isolated from patients with wound, urological and intestinal infections].	a total of 395 providencia strains isolated from patients and the environment were studied. their differentiation by o and h antigens revealed that these strains belonged to 36 serological groups and contained 26 varieties of the flagellar antigen. in accordance with the combinations of o and h antigens, 59 serological variants were found among the providencia strains. 33 new, formerly unknown serovars and 2 flagellar antigens were added to the existing antigenic and diagnostic scheme of provide ...	1984	6205523
in-vitro studies with ciprofloxacin, a new 4-quinolone compound.	ciprofloxacin is a new antibacterial agent of the 4-quinolone group. with an agar dilution technique we compared its activity on 365 clinical isolates with those of norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriazone , cefotaxime, latamoxef (moxalactam), and gentamicin. ciprofloxacin was overall the most active agent tested against aerobic gram-negative species, with the mic90 values for all species being below 1 mg/l (excepting providencia stua ...	1984	6233250
in vitro antibacterial activity of three new quinolone derivatives: rosoxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin.	the in vitro activities of rosoxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin against 480 bacterial strains were studied. mic90s of norfloxacin and pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for e. coli, klebsiella sp., e. cloacae, proteus sp. and staphylococcus sp., less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for c. freundii, providencia sp., s. faecalis, and non fermentative gram-negative bacteria, while they were of 32 micrograms/ml for s. marcescens. rosoxacin exhibited a lower activity with mic90s ...	1984	6241772
in vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to that of quinolones and other antimicrobial agents.	pefloxacin is a new methyl-4-piperazinyl quinolone. it had mic90 values of less than 0.01 to 0.8 micrograms/ml for the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella, oxytoca, citrobacter, providencia, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, morganella and proteus mirabilis. it inhibited ampicillin, cephalexin and nalidixic acid resistant isolates of these species. against pseudomonas the pefloxacin mic90 was 3.1 micrograms/ml. staphylococcus aureus had a mic50 of 0.4 micrograms/ml and a mic90 o ...	1984	6241847
clavulanic acid in combination with ticarcillin: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactams.	the in-vitro activity of ticarcillin in combination with clavulanic acid was compared with that of ticarcillin alone, piperacillin, cefotaxime and, where appropriate, other beta-lactams against a total of 301 recent clinical isolates and characterized beta-lactamase producers. an agar dilution procedure was used to determine mics and two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) cfu) were used throughout. mics of the combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid were expressed as mics of ticarcillin in the pres ...	1984	6323375
susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to polymyxin b nonapeptide.	subinhibitory concentrations of polymyxin b nonapeptide sensitized all 21 polymyxin-susceptible gram-negative bacterial strains studied to hydrophobic antibiotics such as fusidic acid, novobiocin, and erythromycin. the susceptibility increases were usually 30- to 300-fold. the strains included representatives of escherichia coli with different o- and k-antigens, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, salmonella typhimurium, acinetobacter calcoa ...	1984	6331296
bacterial changes in the urine samples of patients with long-term indwelling catheters.	the bacterial flora in the urine samples of 15 nursing home patients with long-term, indwelling catheters were examined monthly for one year. there was a rapidly changing polymicrobial flora averaging 2.0 changes per month in species with colony counts greater than 100,000/ml, and 3.2 changes per month when changes in species, biogram, and quantity of bacteria were considered. the flora changed significantly more frequently, and cultures of pseudomonas aeruginosa, providencia stuartii, and citro ...	1984	6331806
comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fr 17027, a new orally active cephalosporin.	fr 17027, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin ester, inhibited group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.1 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the inhibition concentration of amoxicillin and cefaclor, and was more active than cephalexin. it was less active (mic, 25 micrograms/ml) against staphylococci than was cephalexin, and it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria monocytogenes. fr 17027 inhibited beta-lactamase-producing isolates of neisser ...	1984	6333207
providencia stuartii: a review of a multiply antibiotic-resistant bacterium.		1984	6373713
evaluation of a two-hour method for screening pathogens from stool specimens.	the 2-h stool-screening test (sst) (api system s.a., montalieu-vercieu, france) was used to screen 231 organisms yielding suspicious colonies on stool differential agars for potential pathogens. all 54 salmonellae yielded correct screens. of 14 shigellas, 9 keyed as possible shigella spp.-yersinia enterocolitica-rare salmonella spp. (sys), and 5 (all shigella sonnei) keyed as possible s. sonnei-y. enterocolitica-arizona spp. (sya). three arizona strains were identified as probable salmonella spp ...	1984	6386849
cefonicid: a long-acting, second-generation cephalosporin. antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects.	cefonicid is a new second-generation cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum of activity and a prolonged serum elimination half-life. it has good in vitro activity against methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, nonenterococcal streptococci, hemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, neisseria meningitidis and many of the commonly isolated enterobacteriaceae. organisms usually resistant to cefonicid include species of pseudomonas, serratia, acinetobacter and providencia, and ba ...	1984	6393074
simple spot test for rapid detection of urease activity.	a spot test for the detection of urease activity was developed and evaluated with 761 strains of gram-negative bacteria. the test was compared with the conventional christensen urea agar slants and urease test on the vitek enterobacteriaceae card (vitek systems, inc., st. ana, mo.). of the 348 strains of the proteus-providencia-morganella group that were urease positive, 327 (94%) yielded positive results within 1 min, and all strains yielded positive results within 2 min. all these organisms al ...	1984	6394623
rapid test for determination of urea hydrolysis.	a urease test for the rapid determination of urea hydrolysis is described in which diluted urea agar concentrate was used in small amounts with dense inoculum of the test organisms. the method was evaluated and compared with christensen's urea agar slants by using 728 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria. of the 325 strains of urease-positive proteus-providencia-morganella, 282 (87%) gave positive results within 5 min with the rapid test. urease activity of 97% of these organisms became e ...	1984	6395804
review of cefonicid, a long-acting cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects, and clinical efficacy of cefonicid are reviewed. also discussed are formulary considerations and bacterial resistance. cefonicid, an investigational agent near approval, is less active than other currently available first- and second-generation cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, particularly staphylococcus. cefonicid and cefamandole have similar activity that is superior to the first-generation cephalosporins against escherichia ...	1984	6365414
ceftazidime: in vitro comparison with cephalothin, cefuroxime, and netilmicin. a norwegian study.	the in vitro activity of ceftazidime has been compared with those of cephalothin, cefuroxime, and netilmicin against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in order to register sensitivity patterns in the western part of norway. an agar dilution method was used for minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determination. ceftazidime was the most active agent against enterobacteriaceae; all isolates being inhibited by 2 mg/l or less, whereas netilmicin was slightly less active, especi ...	1984	6365480
[bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin on gram-negative bacilli and strict anaerobic bacteria. multicenter study].	this work reports a multicenter study of the bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin, a new n-acyl-penicillin, against 1 827 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and obligate anaerobes. the modal minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) for susceptible strains are (mg/l) : salmonella-shigella : 1 ; e. coli : 0.5-2 ; klebsiella : 4 ; citrobacter : 1-2 ; enterobacter : 2 ; serratia : 8 ; proteus-providencia : 1 ; acinetobacter : 1-4 ; p. aeruginosa : 2 ; h. influenzae : 0.06 ; c. perfringens : ...	1984	6429608
in vitro properties of ceftazidime, a highly active broad-spectrum cephalosporin with antipseudomonal activity.	ceftazidime is an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that exhibits a high level of broad-spectrum activity, with particularly good activity against pseudomonas sp. although activity in vitro against staphylococci is moderate, the majority of enterobacteria are susceptible, with mic50 values in the range from 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml. this cephalosporin is also highly active against indole-positive proteus sp, providencia sp, citrobacter sp, and serratia sp, with mic50 values ranging from less than or e ...	1984	6432324
in-vitro activity of enoxacin against aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacilli and other clinical isolates.	the in-vitro activity of enoxacin was tested against 500 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to one or more of gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin, and against 1060 recent consecutive clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. enoxacin was active against staphylococci (mics less than or equal to 4 mg/l) but less active against streptococcus faecalis (mics mostly 8 mg/l). it was active against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mics 0.5-4 mg/l) and very ac ...	1984	6438046
inhibitory and bactericidal activities of amifloxacin, a new quinolone carboxylic acid, compared with those of seven other antimicrobial agents.	the activity of amifloxacin, a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound, against 147 strains of microorganisms was studied and was compared with the activities of cinoxacin, trimethoprim, amikacin, and four beta-lactam antimicrobials. the minimal concentration at which 90% of strains were inhibited by amifloxacin was lowest for escherichia coli and klebsiella sp (less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml), followed by proteus sp (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml), enterobacter sp and citroba ...	1984	6440708
growth of clinical isolates in the cold.	common clinical isolates were tested to determine their ability to multiply after 7 days at 4 degrees c in trypticase soy broth. 34% of the 214 isolates grew in the cold. citrobacter freundii, group d enterococci, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri and serratia marcescens grew best of all. the importance of growth in the cold is discussed.	1984	6472199
[distribution of enterobacteria in soil following irrigation with waste water].	the filtration of wastewater after irrigation by sandy soil in the area of the braunschweig sewage utilization association was investigated. for that purpose, the concentrations of gram-negative aerobe rods were determined in soil samples of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm, 60 cm, 75 cm, 90 cm, 105 cm, 120 cm, 135 cm, and 150 cm depth immediately after an irrigation of about 50 mm wastewater during the vegetation (3 series), the vegetationless period (6 series), after one week (3 series) and after two weeks ...	1984	6475379
[clinical significance of urinary tract infection caused by providencia stuartii].	out of 75 patients in whom nosocomial infection of the urinary tract occurred following operation for disturbance of micturition 43 (57.3%) suffered clinically manifest inflammatory complications, however only in 26 cases (34.6%) was this germ the cause. in the remaining 17 cases there were superinfections. from these results it is concluded that the isolated providencia stuartii strains were not very virulent. in cases of asymptomatic providencia-bacteriuria the authors consider specific antiba ...	1984	6485595
comparative evaluation of the eiken and api 20e systems and conventional methods for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	to evaluate the accuracy and utility of the eiken systek no. 1 (eiken system; eiken chemical co., ltd., tokyo, japan), we conducted a clinical comparison, with 345 enterobacteriaceae isolates, of the eiken system with api 20e (analytab products, inc., plainview, n.y.) and conventional methods. the eiken system is a 21-biochemical-test battery tray stored at 25 degrees c and inoculated in one step. it is similar to the api 20e except that the eiken system contains malonate, adonitol, and maltose; ...	1984	6490860
proteus infections with reference to proteocine typing.		1984	6511006
comparative in-vitro activity of quinolone carboxylic acids against proteeae.	the in-vitro susceptibilities of 198 isolates of precisely identified proteeae species to six quinolone antimicrobials were determined. significant differences in susceptibility patterns among various proteeae to the quinolones examined were demonstrated. although providencia stuartii was found to be the most resistant to quinolones including the very active agent ciprofloxacin, fully speciated prov. rettgeri were also markedly resistant as well. in contrast prov. alcalifaciens was extremely sen ...	1984	6511707
characterization of endemic providencia stuartii isolates from patients with urinary devices.	providencia stuartii has emerged as a significant nosocomial urinary tract pathogen. an increase in the number of providencia isolates from urine cultures prompted an investigation into the possibility of an outbreak due to this organism. a high proportion of patients studied had urinary devices. four wards were screened at two time periods to ascertain the prevalence of providencia stuartii in urine cultures. biotype, serotype, antibiogram and plasmid content were determined for each providenci ...	1984	6526019
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of k-4619, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside.	the antibacterial activities of k-4619 (3-de-o-methylsporaricin a sulfate) were compared with those of sporaricin a, amikacin, dibekacin, and gentamicin. k-4619 exhibited a high order of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including pseudomonas aeruginosa. its activity against providencia species and serratia marcescens was the highest of all drugs tested. k-4619 was highly effective against bacteria that produce various aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes, except for 3-ac ...	1984	6548350
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of fk 027, a new orally active cephem antibiotic.	fk 027 was more active than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against stock strains of a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, including such opportunistic pathogens as citrobacter and enterobacter species and serratia marcescens. fk 027 was significantly more active than the three reference drugs against clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, indole-positive and -negative proteus species, providencia species, haemophilus influenzae, and neisseria gonorrhoeae. it was ...	1984	6561017
a prevalence survey of infections in a combined acute and long-term care hospital.	a prevalence survey of infections among 572 acute and long-term care patients in the albany veterans administration medical center was conducted in september 1979. presence of infection was determined by patient examination and chart review. urine specimens from 94% of patients were cultured. the total number of clinically significant infections was 178; 117 were nosocomial (20.5 per 100 patients). the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was highest on the intermediate service (long-term me ...	1984	6562090
in-vitro activity of enoxacin (cl-919), a new quinoline derivative, compared with that of other antimicrobial agents.	the in-vitro activity of enoxacin (ci-919), a new synthetic quinoline derivative was compared with that of three other quinolines ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. in addition beta-lactams and gentamicin were also included when appropriate. the mics of enoxacin for 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp., providencia stuartii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus were less than 4 mg/l, for haemophilus influenzae less than 0.25 mg/l and neiss ...	1984	6586712
detection of pse-2 beta-lactamase in enterobacteria.	pse-2, a plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase which was previously considered pseudomonas specific, was observed in clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, providencia stuartii, and enterobacter cloacae. all four isolates transferred pse-2 production, together with resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole, into escherichia coli j62-1 and pseudomonas aeruginosa pu21. transfer correlated with acquisition by the transconjugants of a 65-megadalton plasmi ...	1984	6608920
in vitro activity of fludalanine combined with pentizidone compared with those of other agents.	the in vitro activity of fludalanine ( mk641 ) combined with pentizidone ( mk642 ) so as to give a fludalanine /d-cycloserine ratio of 1:1 was compared with the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and trimethoprim against 452 recent isolates and known beta-lactam- and trimethoprim-resistant strains. in addition, the in vitro activity of fludalanine - pentizidone on four different media, including a defined medium ( dfn -2), was studied. the mic of fludalanine - pentiz ...	1984	6610389
five-year surveillance of aminoglycoside usage in a university hospital.	because an increased incidence of nosocomial bacteremia due to gentamicin-resistant organisms occurred in our hospital, amikacin was substituted for gentamicin as the primary empiric aminoglycoside. prospective surveillance of aminoglycoside use and of bacterial resistance to aminoglycosides was done before and after the substitution. we compared the baseline period when gentamicin was the primary aminoglycoside with the subsequent period when amikacin accounted for 81% of aminoglycoside used. d ...	1984	6691664
the in-vitro activity of o-demethylfortimicin.	the activity of o-demethylfortimicin against ampicillin, cefazolin and carbenicillin resistant bacteria was determined. o-demethylfortimicin showed excellent in-vitro activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, ent. agglomerans, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella, and providencia inhibiting these organisms at less than or equal to 3.1 mg/l. it was particularly effective against ent. cloacae and serratia marcescens that were resi ...	1983	6833173
comparative in vitro activity of semisynthetic penicillins against proteeae.	the in vitro susceptibilities of 181 isolates of precisely identified proteeae species to five semisynthetic penicillins were determined with low and high inocula. significant differences in susceptibility patterns among various proteeae species to the penicillins examined were demonstrated. providencia stuartii was clearly distinguished from providencia alcalifaciens by its greater resistance to the antibiotics tested.	1983	6859841
providencia rustigianii: a new species in the family enterobacteriaceae formerly known as providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3.	the name providencia rustigianii sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms previously known as providencia alcalifaciens biogroup 3. by dna hybridization, strains of p. rustigianii were 81 to 99% related to each other at 60 degrees c, but only 44 to 49% related to p. alcalifaciens biogroups 1 and 2 and 26 to 33% related to providencia stuartii. p. rustigianii could be differentiated from p. alcalifaciens and p. stuartii by simple biochemical tests. p. rustigianii produced acid from d-galacto ...	1983	6874899
epidemiology of gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacillary colonization in a spinal cord injury unit.	a prospective epidemiological survey of a spinal cord injury unit for gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli was undertaken. the initial survey of the unit suggested a low level of cross-infection involving pseudomonas aeruginosa and providencia stuartii. however, a longitudinal study of new admissions revealed that only 13 of 52 nosocomial acquisitions could be considered to be due to cross colonization. comparison of data on antibiotic use did not suggest selective pressure for resistant ...	1983	6619279
resistance of gram-negative bacilli as related to hospital use of antimicrobial agents.	the development of resistance of gram-negative bacilli, which are common nosocomial pathogens, is an increasing problem. it is generally accepted that this resistance may directly reflect the frequency of use of various antimicrobial agents. because our institution experienced in 1976 a dramatic change in the pattern of antimicrobial use, primarily a marked decrease in prescribing cephalosporins, we attempted to evaluate retrospectively the effects of this change upon the resistance of gram-nega ...	1983	6638994
panophthalmitis and otitis interna in fire-bellied toads.	microbiologic and histologic studies were made of fire-bellied toads with signs of ocular and central nervous system disease. providencia alcalifaciens, citrobacter freundii, aeromonas hydrophila, and other gram-negative bacilli were isolated from the eyes and multiple tissues of ill toads. the histologic evaluations revealed severe panophthalmitis and otitis interna.	1983	6643232
freeze-dried mixed cultures as samples for proficiency tests and collaborative studies in food microbiology.	a method is presented for preparing samples of freeze-dried mixtures of microorganisms for proficiency tests and collaborative studies. the samples may include most microorganisms that are found in routine analysis in food laboratories. transport of samples during 48 h did not decrease the number of microorganisms, nor was the variability among samples significantly affected by transport. the standard deviation of counts after 5 weeks of storage varied from 0.04 (staphylococcus aureus) to 0.17 ( ...	1983	6643366
cefotetan: profile of in-vitro activity.	cefotetan, a novel 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin, was shown to be comparable to other third-generation cephalosporins when tested in vitro against 1063 gram-negative clinical isolates of 11 species. ninety per cent of all isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii, serratia marcescens and citrobacter freundii were inhibited by concentrations of cefotetan between 0.07 and 3.2 mg/l. activity against gram-positive cocci was ...	1983	6601656
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of e-0702, a new cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of e-0702 was compared with the in vitro activity of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and aztreonam against 600 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic isolates. e-0702 had a minimal inhibitory concentration for 50% of isolates (mic50) of 25 micrograms for staphylococcus aureus, 50 micrograms for staphylococcus epidermidis, and 1.6 to 3.1 micrograms for streptococci, with streptococcus faecalis resistant. e-0702 had mic50s against escherichia coli, klebsie ...	1983	6605718
susceptibilities of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative aerobic bacilli to cefotetan and other beta-lactams.	the activity of the 7 alpha-methoxycephalosporin, cefotetan was determined against 365 infecting isolates of gentamicin- and multiply-resistant gram-negative aerobic bacilli, and compared with those of cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cephradine, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. all proteus (4), providencia (6) salmonella (3) and serratia (2) were susceptible to 8 mg/l of cefotetan, as were respectively 90 and 81% of 42 escherichia coli and 16 citrobacter isolates. the intrinsic activity of cefote ...	1983	6573329
the bacterial flora of fruits and vegetables in lebanon and the effect of washing on the bacterial content.	washed and unwashed vegetables and fruit specimens including radish, lettuce, mint, carrots, parsley, strawberries, green almond, akadinya, green-gages, cherries, plums, peaches, pears, and apples were investigated for their bacterial content. tested specimens had a high content of bacteria belonging to the genera enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, proteus, pseudomonas, providencia, escherichia, staphylococcus, and salmonella. the washing procedure followed was effective in reducing the numb ...	1983	6367304
mechanisms of in vitro sensitivity to sulfadiazine silver.	sulfonamide-resistant organisms have been reported as a frequent consequence of the clinical use of sulfadiazine silver. at this burn center, sulfonamide resistance occurred in more than 80% of gram-negative isolates. we tested the requirement for the individual antimicrobial activities of sulfadiazine and silver for the vitro activity of sulfadiazine silver. the sulfadiazine component is not necessary for in vitro sensitivity. in vitro sensitivity to sulfadiazine silver does not consistently pr ...	1983	6401421
the condom catheter: urinary tract infection and other complications.	a retrospective study of 64 geriatric patients on an extended care unit at the va medical center strongly suggested that long-term use of a condom catheter drainage system (ccds) (mean use, 35 months) was regularly associated with urinary tract infection. common nosocomial pathogens were found, particularly proteus-providencia. the ccds was also associated with significant penile complications. it is hoped that these hazards can be minimized by careful application and monitoring of the ccds.	1983	6405482
inhibition of bacterial multiplication by the iron chelator deferoxamine: potentiating effect of ascorbic acid.	since iron is essential for the multiplication of microorganisms, the effect of the iron chelator deferoxamine, with or without ascorbic acid, on the growth of 43 strains of staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, alcaligenes faecalis, neisseria meningitidis and species of salmonella, enterobacter, pseudomonas and providencia, was investigated with the use of an automated turbidimeter. addition of deferoxamine (25-400 microgr ...	1983	6416837
inactivation of cephalosporins by beta-lactamases of gram-negative rods.	intracellular beta-lactamase activity of gram-negative rods (four pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, one strain each of enterobacter cloacae, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii and serratia marcescens) was greatly increased by subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin, with the exception of one p. aeruginosa strain. cefotaxime, cefoperazone and ceftazidime were much less effective as enzyme inducers in these strains. a reduction in beta-lactamase activity after pre-incubation with cephalosporin ...	1983	6339417
[combined media for the simplified and rapid identification of bacteria of the proteus-providencia group].	three combined media ensuring the determination of 8 characteristics typical of bacteria belonging to the group proteus-providencia (tryptophane deamination, urease activity, production of hydrogen sulfite and indol, fermentation of mannitol, maltose, adonitol and inositol) are presented.	1983	6340384
plasmid pattern analysis of natural bacterial isolates and its epidemiological implication.	natural isolates of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumoniae, and providencia stuartii were analysed to determine their plasmid content. this data allowed the identification of nosocomial strains of k. pneumoniae and p. stuartii and helped in the differentiation of epidemic strains of e. coli 0111 and s. typhimurium. phenotypically similar isolates of s. typhimurium could be shown to be of independent origin using plasmid pattern analysis. the dissemination of a particular ...	1983	6345662
evaluation of the updated ms-2 bacterial identification system in comparison with the api 20e system.	the recently updated ms-2 bacterial identification system software (abbott laboratories, diagnostic division, irving, tex.) was compared with the original ms-2 bacterial identification software and the api 20e, using 968 strains of enterobacteriaceae. the updated ms-2 software correctly identified 94.4% of the isolates tested. api 20e and the original ms-2 software correctly identified 91 and 85.3% of the strains, respectively. ms-2 responses were considered to be equivocal (needing additional t ...	1983	6350342
[comparative in vitro activity of 6 recent beta-lactams against hospital strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus: role of the monobactam sq 26,776].	acinetobacter calcoaceticus is recognized as one of the most resistant nosocomial pathogens. clinical isolates of acinetobacter are usually resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics and even to carbenicillin; 50% of the strains isolated in 1981-82 at the bichat hospital were inhibited only at a concentration of 180 micrograms/ml. recently several new molecules belonging to the beta-lactam group were discovered. among them, monobactam sq 26 776, a new broad spectrum highly potent monocyclic beta- ...	1983	6353329
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefodizime, an aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin.	cefodizime, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin similar to moxalactam and ceftazidime, was less active (minimal inhibitory concentration, 1.6 to 12 micrograms) than cefazolin or cefotaxime against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. it inhibited haemophilus and neisseria spp. at less than 0.5 microgram/ml. it did not inhibit methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, or listeria spp. and was 8- to 32-fold less active than cefotaxime, moxalactam, or ceftazidime a ...	1983	6311090
endemic gentamicin resistance r factors on a spinal cord injury unit.	cleared lysates of gentamicin-resistant, gram-negative bacilli obtained during a prevalence survey and a subsequent prospective study on a spinal cord injury unit were analyzed. of 105 strains obtained during the epidemiological study, 62 were analyzed for plasmid content. none of the 14 acinetobacter strains carried plasmids. of 20 strains from the initial prevalence survey, 9 carried a 36- or (in two cases) a 27-megadalton plasmid. eight of the nine were providencia strains; none were pseudomo ...	1983	6311869
[in vitro bacteriostatic activity of cefmenoxime (sce 1365), cefotaxime and moxalactam].	the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (sce 1365), a new cephalosporin derivate was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins: cefotaxime and moxalactam. cefmenoxime as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against 305 cephalosporinase-producing and cephalosporinase-non-producing enterobacteriaceae. cefmenoxime was the most active against serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, morganella morganii, salmonella, shigella and yersinia enterocolitica with a mean mic at least tw ...	1983	6312395
[in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (sce 1365) against 616 hospital strains of gram-negative bacilli chosen for beta-lactam resistance. comparison with cefotaxime, lamoxactam and ceftazidime].	the in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefmenoxime, was tested by an agar dilution procedure against 616 strains of gram negative rods resistant to various beta-lactams and was compared with that of cefotaxime, lamoxactam, ceftazidime (and cefsulodin against p. aeruginosa). a high activity was demonstrated on many species of tested enterobacteriaceae including e. coli, k. pneumoniae, s. marcescens, e. cloacae resistant to the first generation cephalosporins, proteus sp., providencia and c ...	1983	6312396
synergy between the iron chelator deferoxamine and the antimicrobial agents gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefalothin, cefotiam and cefsulodin.	synergy between the iron chelator deferoxamine in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cephalothin, cefotiam or cefsulodin, used against staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and species of salmonella, enterobacter, pseudomonas and providencia, was determined by measuring the effect of the drugs and combination of drugs on growth of the bacteria in an automated turbidimeter. the combinati ...	1983	6315421
variability in dna sequence of closely related nosocomial gentamicin-resistant plasmids.	endemic gentamicin-resistant plasmids derived from 12 species of gram-negative bacilli were analyzed by restriction-endonuclease digestion. these digests showed wide variations in digest patterns, but one or more common fragments were seen in all plasmids studied. southern blot analysis using one plasmid as a probe revealed that most but not all of these plasmids shared extensive regions of homology. the variance observed in restriction-digest patterns could be accounted for either by introducti ...	1983	6317765
in vitro activity of moxalactam against pathogenic bacteria and its comparison with other antibiotics.	843 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against moxalactam by disc agar diffusion. the bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, providencia rettgeri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and group b and group d streptococci. in vitro activity of moxalactam was compared with the following antibiotics: ...	1983	6219865
comparative activities of ciprofloxacin (bay o 9867), norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid.	an agar dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (bay o 9867), norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid against 496 clinical isolates. ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were active against all species tested (90% minimal inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml), although ciprofloxacin was somewhat more active, e.g., against gram-positive cocci. pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid were active against most of the members of ...	1983	6227281
[modified method for determining the content of tryptophan deaminase and phenylalanine deaminase in bacteria].		1982	6176768
the use of pre-enrichment for the isolation of small numbers of gentamicin-resistant providencia stuartii from faeces.		1982	6190870
clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in serious infections.	thirty-five patients underwent 38 treatment courses with cefotaxime. documented infections included 11 bacteremias, 7 cases of nosocomial pneumonia, 6 surgical wound infections, 3 bone infections, 1 biliary infection, and 1 urinary tract infection. granulocytopenic patients with fever received 15 courses of empiric cefotaxime therapy alone; in 8 courses, no definite site of infection or pathogen was isolated. broad-spectrum antibiotics had been administered to 23 patients before cefotaxime. thir ...	1982	6282202
[comparative study of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and moxalactam against 150 gram negative strains (author's transl)].	the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a new cephalosporine derivative was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins, cefotaxime and moxalactam. 150 strains of gram negative bacilli were used in this study. ceftriaxone as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against most of the 104 multiresistant enterobacteriaceae. ceftriaxone was the most active against proteus providencia with a mean mic of 0.007 microgram/ml. cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were less active than moxalactam ag ...	1982	6287385
[clinical evaluation of cefotiam in adults urinary tract infections (author's transl)].	cefotiam, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin was used for the treatment of 30 cases of urinary-tract infections (uti). patients, 20 females, 10 males were between 23 and 76 years old. uti were 17 cystitis, 9 pyelonephritis and 4 prostatitis. bacteria isolated from urine were : 24 e. coli, 3 proteus mirabilis, 1 providencia, 3 klebsiella, 3 enterobacter, 2 serratia, 1 staphylococcus coagulase--, dnase--. mic's of cefotiam ranged from 0.003 to 32 micrograms/ml (median mic : 0.06 microgram/ml). cef ...	1982	6287388
[in vitro activity of ceftazidime compared with five beta-lactamase stable compounds against clinical strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus ].	acinetobacter calcoaceticus is recognized as one of the most resistant nosocomial pathogens. clinical isolates of acinetobacter are usually resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics. the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, a new broad spectrum highly potent beta-lactam antibiotic, able to inhibit especially pseudomonas and providencia. its activity against 96 clinical strains of acinetobacter was compared with the activity of 5 recent beta-lactam antibio ...	1982	6289227
synergistic activity of mecillinam in combination with the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam.	the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam were combined with mecillinam. beta-lactamase-containing escherichia coli resistant to mecillinam was synergistically inhibited by both clavulanic acid and sulbactam. beta-lactamase-containing enterobacter was synergistically inhibited, but strains lacking beta-lactamases were not synergistically inhibited. synergistic inhibition was noted for beta-lactamase-containing, mecillinam-resistant klebsiella, citrobacter, serratia, and salmone ...	1982	6291454
ceftriaxone: in vitro activity against 410 bacterial isolates compared with cefotaxime.	the in vitro activity of the two new cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, against 410 bacterial isolates was compared using an agar dilution method. both compounds were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus and providencia; the great majority of the isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l of either drug. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus was moderate, and enterococci were resistant. all streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococ ...	1982	6293978
cefotaxime: a review of in vitro antimicrobial properties and spectrum of activity.	cefotaxime has remarkable potency against all enterobacteriaceae, including enterobacter species, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species--all of which are resistant to earlier cephalosporins. cefotaxime generally inhibits greater than 90% of enteric bacilli at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; in one study it inhibited greater than 98% of isolates at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. for staphyloc ...	1982	6294779
antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime alone and in combination with cefotaxime.	cefotaxime is metabolized to 3-desacetylcefotaxime. the antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime is four- to eightfold less than that of cefotaxime. the activity of desacetylcefotaxime is species- and strain-specific. although desacetylcefotaxime is less active than cefotaxime, it is more active than cefazolin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin. desacetylcefotaxime does not inhibit many strains of morganella, most strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, some strains of serratia marcescens, some strains ...	1982	6294786
treatment of urinary tract infections with cefotaxime: noncomparative and prospective comparative trials.	three studies evaluated the efficacy of cefotaxime for the treatment of urinary tract infections. an open, multicenter, noncomparative trial included 477 patients who received a usual dose of 2 g of intravenous or intramuscular cefotaxime daily for five to 10 days. the maximal daily dosage in severe cases was 12 g. pathogens included escherichia coli and species of citrobacter, pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, morganella, providencia, and proteus. of all the causative organisms, ...	1982	6294793
the in vitro activity of moxalactam against 430 clinical, bacterial isolates.	the in vitro activity of the novel beta-lactam antibiotic moxalactam against 430 bacterial isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. moxalactam was highly active against enterobacteriaceae including indole-positive proteus and providencia, all isolates being susceptible to 1.0 microgram/ml or less. the drug was somewhat less active against gram-positive cocci and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci were highly resistant. all haemophilus influenzae isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mi ...	1982	6211028
in vitro susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin and selected new beta-lactam agents.	amikacin was evaluated in vitro by agar dilution testing against 148 different clinical isolates of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in parallel with cephalothin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, n-formimidoyl thienamycin, ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime. cefsulodin was also evaluated against 39 isolates of p. aeruginosa. more than 80% of all isolates tested were also gentamicin resistant, as determined by disk testing. moxalactam and amikacin had comparable high activities ...	1982	6213196
in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.	norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. we examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. it inhibited 90% (mic90) of strains of escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, salmonella and shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 ...	1982	6214995
haemagglutinins and fimbriae of morganella, proteus and providencia.	one hundred and thirteen strains of morganella, proteus and providencia, grown in different cultural conditions, were examined for their ability to produce haemagglutinins (has). three main kinds of ha (ms, mr/k and mr/p) were detected, and 89% of the 112 ha+ strains were capable of producing two or three of the different has in the same or different cultures. the properties of the three has were partly defined and the difficulties of identifying their separate ha activities when present togethe ...	1982	6129324
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime.	the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ...	1982	6100427