Publications

determination of toxicity of campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans and from poultry carcasses acquired at various stages of production.	the research focused on the determination of the toxicity variation associated with campylobacter jejuni isolated from humans and chickens.	2004	15239701
chronic shedding of campylobacter species in beef cattle.	to determine the prevalence of chronic shedding of campylobacter species by beef cattle, a longitudinal study of shedding patterns was conducted in a cohort of 60 beef steers over a 4-month period.	2004	15239709
global features of sequences of bacterial chromosomes, plasmids and phages revealed by analysis of oligonucleotide usage patterns.	oligonucleotide frequencies were shown to be conserved signatures for bacterial genomes, however, the underlying constraints have yet not been resolved in detail. in this paper we analyzed oligonucleotide usage (ou) biases in a comprehensive collection of 155 completely sequenced bacterial chromosomes, 316 plasmids and 104 phages.	2004	15239845
longitudinal study of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophages and their hosts from broiler chickens.	a longitudinal study of bacteriophages and their hosts was carried out at a broiler house that had been identified as having a population of campylobacter-specific bacteriophages. cloacal and excreta samples were collected from three successive broiler flocks reared in the same barn. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from each flock, whereas bacteriophages could be isolated from flocks 1 and 2 but were not isolated from flock 3. the bacteriophages isolated from flocks 1 and 2 were closely relate ...	2004	15240258
identification of bacterial populations in dairy wastewaters by use of 16s rrna gene sequences and other genetic markers.	hydraulic flush waste removal systems coupled to solid/liquid separators and circulated treatment lagoons are commonly utilized to manage the large amounts of animal waste produced on high-intensity dairy farms. although these systems are common, little is known about the microbial populations that inhabit them or how they change as they traverse the system. using culture-based and non-culture-based methods, we characterized the microbial community structure of manure, water from the separator p ...	2004	15240310
fur is involved in manganese-dependent regulation of mnta (sita) expression in sinorhizobium meliloti.	fur is a transcriptional regulator involved in iron-dependent control of gene expression in many bacteria. in this work we analyzed the phenotype of a fur mutant in sinorhizobium meliloti, an alpha-proteobacterium that fixes n(2) in association with host plants. we demonstrated that some functions involved in high-affinity iron transport, siderophore production, and iron-regulated outer membrane protein expression respond to iron in a fur-independent manner. however, manganese-dependent expressi ...	2004	15240318
validation of a pcr-based method for detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters in a multicenter collaborative trial.	a pcr-based method for rapid detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters was evaluated through a collaborative trial with 12 laboratories testing spiked carcass rinse samples. the method showed an interlaboratory diagnostic sensitivity of 96.7% and a diagnostic specificity of 100% for chicken samples, while these values were 94.2 and 83.3%, respectively, for pig samples.	2004	15240324
isolated posterior interosseous nerve palsy subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis.		2004	15240987
prospective study of a real-time pcr that is highly sensitive, specific, and clinically useful for diagnosis of meningococcal disease in children.	due to the early administration of antibiotics, meningococcal disease is increasingly difficult to diagnose by culturing. laboratory studies have shown pcr to be sensitive and specific, but there have been few clinical studies. the objectives of this study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical usefulness of meningococcal pcr through a prospective comparison of real-time pcr, nested pcr, and standard culturing of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the setting was a tertiary-car ...	2004	15243039
multiplex pcr assay for detection of streptococcus suis species and serotypes 2 and 1/2 in tonsils of live and dead pigs.	a pcr assay was developed for the detection of streptococcus suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. this multiplex pcr is based on the amplification of the gene coding for 16s rrna of s. suis and on the amplification of the cps2j gene coding for the capsule of s. suis serotypes 2 and 1/2. an internal control was constructed and added in this test to monitor the efficiency of amplification in each reaction. to evaluate the specificity of the test, 31 strains of other bacterial species related to s. suis or is ...	2004	15243078
genetic relatedness and quinolone resistance of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated in 2002 in hong kong.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis fingerprints of 98 campylobacter jejuni isolates from patients (85) and chicken carcasses (13) in hong kong in 2002 demonstrated high genetic diversity. the prevalence of quinolone resistance among the isolates was 85.9%, and replacement of the threonine-86 residue in the gyrase subunit a was the major resistance mechanism.	2004	15243105
identification of a bifunctional enzyme mnmc involved in the biosynthesis of a hypermodified uridine in the wobble position of trna.	the gene encoding the bifunctional enzyme mnmc that catalyzes the two last steps in the biosynthesis of 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm5s2u) in trna has been previously mapped at about 50 min on the escherichia coli k12 chromosome, but to date the identity of the corresponding enzyme has not been correlated with any of the known open reading frames (orfs). using the protein fold-recognition approach, we predicted that the 74-kda product of the yfck orf located at 52.6 min and annotated as ...	2004	15247431
unique modifications with phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine define alternate antigenic forms of neisseria gonorrhoeae type iv pili.	several major bacterial pathogens and related commensal species colonizing the human mucosa express phosphocholine (pc) at their cell surfaces. pc appears to impact host-microbe biology by serving as a ligand for both c-reactive protein and the receptor for platelet-activating factor. type iv pili of neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and neisseria meningitidis, filamentous protein structures critical to the colonization of their human hosts, are known to react variably with monoclonal antibodies recogn ...	2004	15249686
genome-wide operon prediction in staphylococcus aureus.	identification of operon structure is critical to understanding gene regulation and function, and pathogenesis, and for identifying targets towards the development of new antibiotics in bacteria. recently, the complete genome sequences of a large number of important human bacterial pathogens have become available for computational analysis, including the major human gram-positive pathogen staphylococcus aureus. by annotating the predicted operon structure of the s.aureus genome, we hope to facil ...	2004	15252153
classification of eubacteria based on their complete genome: where does mycoplasmataceae belong?	the amino acid compositions of 11 gram-positive and 12 gram-negative eubacteria were determined from their complete genomes. they were classified into two groups, 's-type' represented by staphylococcus aureus and 'e-type' represented by escherichia coli, based on their patterns of amino acid compositions determined from the complete genome. these two groups were characterized by their concentrations of arg, ala and lys. mycoplasmas, which lack a cell wall, belonged to the 's-type', while gram-po ...	2004	15252962
high-throughput cloning of campylobacter jejuni orfs by in vivo recombination in escherichia coli.	a rate-limiting and costly step in many proteomics analyses is the cloning of all of the orfs for an organism into technique-specific vectors. here, we describe the generation of a campylobacter jejuni expression clone set using a high-throughput cloning approach based on recombination in e. coli. the approach uses native e. coli recombination functions and requires no in vitro enzymatic steps or special strains. our results indicate that this approach is an efficient and economical alternative ...	2004	15253440
substrate specificity of helicobacter pylori histone-like hu protein is determined by insufficient stabilization of dna flexure points.	the histone-like hu protein is ubiquitous in the eubacteria. a role for escherichia coli hu in compaction of the bacterial genome has been reported, along with regulatory roles in dna replication, transposition, repair and transcription. we show here that hu from the human pathogen helicobacter pylori, which has been implicated in the development of ulcers and gastric cancer, exhibits enhanced thermal stability and distinct dna substrate specificity. thermal denaturation of hpyhu (h. pylori hu) ...	2004	15255779
characterization of plasmid-mediated apha-3 kanamycin resistance in campylobacter jejuni.	a total of 254 isolates of campylobacter jejuni and three isolates of campylobacter coli, isolated from sweden, canada, and egypt, were screened for kanamycin resistance. eight strains of c. jejuni contained large plasmids that carried the apha-3 kanamycin-resistance marker. in six plasmids, the apha-3 gene was located downstream of an apparent insertion sequence, designated is607*, which showed a considerable similarity to is607, characterized on the chromosome of some helicobacter pylori strai ...	2004	15256024
development of a standardized susceptibility test for campylobacter with quality-control ranges for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem.	a standardized agar dilution susceptibility testing method was developed for campylobacter that consisted of testing on mueller-hinton medium supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood in an atmosphere of 10% co2, 5% o2, and 85% n2. campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 was identified as a quality-control (qc) strain. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) qc ranges were determined for two incubation time/temperature combinations: 36 degrees c for 48 hr and 42 degrees c for 24 hr. quality-control r ...	2004	15256027
molecular cloning and characterization of bifidobacterium bifidum 1,2-alpha-l-fucosidase (afca), a novel inverting glycosidase (glycoside hydrolase family 95).	a genomic library of bifidobacterium bifidum constructed in escherichia coli was screened for the ability to hydrolyze the alpha-(1-->2) linkage of 2'-fucosyllactose, and a gene encoding 1,2-alpha-l-fucosidase (afca) was isolated. the afca gene was found to comprise 1,959 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 205 kda and containing a signal peptide and a membrane anchor at the n and c termini, respectively. a domain responsible for fucosidase activity (the fuc domain; amino acid ...	2004	15262925
campylobacter colonization of sibling turkey flocks reared under different management conditions.	uncertainty exists concerning the key factors contributing to campylobacter colonization of poultry, especially the possible role of vertical transmission from breeder hens to young birds. a longitudinal study of campylobacter colonization was performed in two sibling pairs of turkey flocks (four flocks total). each pair of sibling flocks shared breeder hen populations and was obtained from the same hatchery. one flock of each pair was grown on a commercial farm, and the other was grown in an in ...	2004	15270502
campylobacter prevalence in lactating dairy cows in the united states.	the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal campylobacter in lactating dairy cows from various regions of the united states. participating commercial dairy farms were chosen at random and were part of a national survey to determine e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella prevalence in dairy cows. farms had no previous history of campylobacter problems. fecal samples were collected rectally from 720 cows on farms in the northeast (four farms), in the desert southwest ( ...	2004	15270504
identification of ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni and analysis of the gyra gene by the lightcycler mutation assay.	a real-time pcr assay was developed to identify ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni. ciprofloxacin resistance in c. jejuni has been associated with a c-->t nucleotide point mutation occurring at the 86 codon of the gyra gene. other nucleotide substitutions have been identified in proximity to or at the same codon in the gyra gene, but their role in ciprofloxacin resistance is still unknown. the lightcycler assay is based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology using mel ...	2004	15271386
a real-time multiplexed pcr assay for rapid detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	campylobacter species are the leading agents of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. c. jejuni and c. coli together are responsible for more than 95% of all cases of campylobacter-induced diarrheal disease in the united states. detection of campylobacteria in clinical samples by conventional culture is problematic and slow due to their complex taxonomy, fastidious growth requirements, and biochemical inertness. the current study describes a rapid, sensitive, and specific real-time polymerase cha ...	2004	15271389
carbohydrate mimicry between human ganglioside gm1 and campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharide causes guillain-barre syndrome.	molecular mimicry between microbial and self-components is postulated as the mechanism that accounts for the antigen and tissue specificity of immune responses in postinfectious autoimmune diseases. little direct evidence exists, and research in this area has focused principally on t cell-mediated, antipeptide responses, rather than on humoral responses to carbohydrate structures. guillain-barré syndrome, the most frequent cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis, occurs 1-2 wk after various infec ...	2004	15277677
application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections.	a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ...	2004	15279944
occurrence of campylobacter in retail foods in ireland.	a surveillance study was carried out to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in a range of retail foods purchased in three irish cities over a 20-month period between march 2001 and october 2002. in total 2391 food samples were analysed during this period. campylobacter was isolated from 444 raw chicken (49.9%), 33 turkey (37.5%) and 11 duck samples (45.8%). lower isolation rates of 7/221 (3.2%), 10/197 (5.1%) and 31/262 (11.8%) were observed for raw beef, pork and lamb, respectively. one s ...	2004	15282123
antimicrobial activity of reuterin in combination with nisin against food-borne pathogens.	antimicrobial activity of reuterin individually or in combination with nisin against different food-borne gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens in milk was investigated. reuterin (8 au/ml) exhibited bacteriostatic activity against listeria monocytogenes, whereas its activity was slightly bactericidal against staphylococcus aureus at 37 degrees c. higher bactericidal activity was detected against escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis, yersinia enterocolitica, a ...	2004	15282134
helicobacter pylori enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in human gastric epithelial cells.	to investigate the relations between tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) and helicobacter pylori (h pylori) infection in apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells and to assess the expression of trail on the surface of infiltrating t-cells in h pylori-infected gastric mucosa.	2004	15285015
some potential sources for transmission of campylobacter jejuni to broiler chickens.	the aim of the study was to determine campylobacter jejuni contamination and prevalence on fomites moving between broiler farms and the processing plant in the period after cleaning and before departure to harvest chickens. in addition, changes in the proportion of contaminated fomites in the course of a day were assessed.	2004	15287870
the pattern and kinetics of substrate metabolism of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	the main aim was to investigate the patterns and kinetics of substrate oxidation by campylobacter jejuni and c. coli.	2004	15287872
comparative genetic diversity of pseudomonas stutzeri genomovars, clonal structure, and phylogeny of the species.	a combined phylogenetic and multilocus dna sequence analysis of 26 pseudomonas stutzeri strains distributed within the 9 genomovars of the species has been performed. type strains of the two most closely related species (p. balearica, former genomovar 6, and p. mendocina), together with p. aeruginosa, as the type species of the genus, have been included in the study. the extremely high genetic diversity and the clonal structure of the species were confirmed by the sequence analysis. clustering o ...	2004	15292125
role of an inducible single-domain hemoglobin in mediating resistance to nitric oxide and nitrosative stress in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	campylobacter jejuni expresses two hemoglobins, each of which exhibits a heme pocket and structural signatures in common with vertebrate and plant globins. one of these, designated cgb, is homologous to vgb from vitreoscilla stercoraria and does not possess the reductase domain seen in the flavohemoglobins. a cgb-deficient mutant of c. jejuni was hypersensitive to nitrosating agents (s-nitrosoglutathione [gsno] or sodium nitroprusside) and a nitric oxide-releasing compound (spermine nonoate). th ...	2004	15292134
treatment of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis with a sublethal concentration of trisodium phosphate or alkaline ph induces thermotolerance.	the responses of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis to a sublethal dose of trisodium phosphate (tsp) and its equivalent alkaline ph made with naoh were examined. pretreatment of s. enterica serovar enteritidis cells with 1.5% tsp or ph 10.0 solutions resulted in a significant increase in thermotolerance, resistance to 2.5% tsp, resistance to high ph, and sensitivity to acid and h(2)o(2). protein inhibition studies with chloramphenicol revealed that thermotolerance, unlike resistance to high ...	2004	15294793
persistence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis during manufacture and ripening of cheddar cheese.	model cheddar cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk artificially contaminated with high 10(4) to 10(5) cfu/ml) and low (10(1) to 10(2) cfu/ml) inocula of three different mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains. a reference strain, nctc 8578, and two strains (806pss and 796pss) previously isolated from pasteurized milk for retail sale were investigated in this study. the manufactured cheddar cheeses were similar in ph, salt, moisture, and fat composition to commercial cheddar. the survival o ...	2004	15294829
training hmm structure with genetic algorithm for biological sequence analysis.	summary: hidden markov models (hmms) are widely used for biological sequence analysis because of their ability to incorporate biological information in their structure. an automatic means of optimizing the structure of hmms would be highly desirable. however, this raises two important issues; first, the new hmms should be biologically interpretable, and second, we need to control the complexity of the hmm so that it has good generalization performance on unseen sequences. in this paper, we explo ...	2004	15297297
species of the family helicobacteraceae detected in an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) with chronic gastritis.	we describe the first case of gastritis in a male australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) in which members of the family helicobacteraceae, particularly the genus wolinella, were detected. the sea lion exhibited clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, including abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and lethargy. examination of one ileal and five gastric biopsy specimens collected over a 10-year period revealed persistent fibrosis and/or superficial focal erosion and ulceration of the lamina propr ...	2004	15297490
development of two pcr-based techniques for detecting helical and coccoid forms of helicobacter pylori.	the primary mode of transmission of helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen carried by more than half the population worldwide, is still unresolved. some epidemiological data suggest water as a possible transmission route. h. pylori in the environment transforms into a nonculturable, coccoid form, which frequently results in the failure to detect this bacterium in environmental samples by conventional culture techniques. to overcome limitations associated with culturing, molecular approaches based ...	2004	15297506
does campylobacter jejuni infection elicit "demyelinating" guillain-barre syndrome?	campylobacter jejuni enteritis is the most common antecedent infection in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). c. jejuni-related gbs is usually acute motor axonal neuropathy (aman), but previous reports described many cases of the demyelinating subtype of gbs (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy [aidp]) after c. jejuni infection.	2004	15304587
challenge model for helicobacter pylori infection in human volunteers.	a reliable challenge model is needed to evaluate helicobacter pylori vaccine candidates.	2004	15306577
genetic and epidemiological relationships among campylobacter isolates from humans.	84 campylobacter jejuni isolates from swedish patients with domestic infection were characterized with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and the subtype information considered in relation to epidemiological data. based on pattern combinations from restriction cleavage with smai and sali, 52 different pfge types were identified. types with an average pattern similarity of at least 82% and 63% were assembled in groups and clusters, respectively. the 2 largest clusters included 71% of the is ...	2004	15307564
the fdh operon of sulfurospirillum multivorans.	the complete single copy fdh operon (approximately 5.7 kb) encoding the formate dehydrogenase subunits of the gram negative, reductively dehalogenating anaerobe sulfurospirillum multivorans was sequenced and analyzed. the gene fdha encoding the catalytically active periplasmic subunit is part of an operon (fdheabcd) containing additional structural genes. the genes fdheabcd were cotranscribed as indicated by rt-pcr and primer extension experiments. two mrnas for fdheabcd and fdhabcd were either ...	2004	15321667
growth phase regulation of flaa expression in helicobacter pylori is luxs dependent.	luxs plays a role in the synthesis of an extracellular signaling molecule, autoinducer 2 (ai-2). to analyze a possible role of ai-2 in regulating helicobacter pylori gene expression, we constructed a panel of transcriptional reporter strains. we show that the expression of h. pylori flaa is growth phase dependent and that flaa transcription increases in association with increased culture density. mutating the luxs gene eliminates growth-phase-dependent control of flaa, and this growth phase depe ...	2004	15322055
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals on farms (1999-2001): results from the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring program.	nationwide monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter isolated from food-producing animals on farms was performed in japan. a total of 468 campylobacter isolates were obtained during the period from june 1999 to march 2001. campylobacter species showed high frequencies of resistance to oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin. the frequencies of resistance in campylobacter coli to aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline and quinolones were higher than those in campylobacter jejuni ...	2004	15325430
incidence of antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated in alberta, canada, from 1999 to 2002, with special reference to tet(o)-mediated tetracycline resistance.	of 203 human clinical isolates of campylobacter jejuni from alberta, canada (1999 to 2002), 101 isolates (50%) were resistant to at least 64 microg of tetracycline/ml, with four isolates exhibiting higher levels of tetracycline resistance (512 microg/ml). in total, the mics for 37% of tetracycline-resistant isolates (256 to 512 microg/ml) were higher than those previously reported in c. jejuni (64 to 128 microg/ml). in the tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates, 67% contained plasmids and all ...	2004	15328109
[immunoproliferative small intestinal disease associated with campylobacter jejuni].		2004	15329812
sequence periodicity of escherichia coli is concentrated in intergenic regions.	sequence periodicity with a period close to the dna helical repeat is a very basic genomic property. this genomic feature was demonstrated for many prokaryotic genomes. the escherichia coli sequences display the period close to 11 base pairs.	2004	15333140
cloning, sequencing, and sequence analysis of two novel plasmids from the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium anaerocellum thermophilum.	the nucleotide sequence of two novel plasmids isolated from the extreme thermophilic anaerobic bacterium anaerocellum thermophilum dsm6725 (a. thermophilum), growing optimally at 70 degrees c, has been determined. pbas2 was found to be a 3653 bp plasmid with a gc content of 43%, and the sequence revealed 10 open reading frames (orfs). the two largest of these, namely orf21 and orf41, showed similarity to a bacillus plasmid recombinase and a pseudoalteromonas plasmid replication protein, respecti ...	2004	15336490
a case of cellulitis complicating campylobacter jejuni subspecies jejuni bacteremia and review of the literature.	infection with campylobacter species is a predominant cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in the industrialized world. bacteremia is detected in <1% of patients with diarrhea, mainly in immunocompromised hosts or those in the extremes of age. reported here is the case of a 78-year-old, immunocompromised male patient with campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni bacteremia complicated by cellulitis. the infection was characterized by a protracted course with several recurrences and refractoriness to mu ...	2004	15338445
involvement of a plasmid-encoded type iv secretion system in the plant tissue watersoaking phenotype of burkholderia cenocepacia.	burkholderia cenocepacia strain k56-2, a representative of the burkholderia cepacia complex, is part of the epidemic and clinically problematic et12 lineage. the strain produced plant tissue watersoaking (ptw) on onion tissue, which is a plant disease-associated trait. using plasposon mutagenesis, mutants in the ptw phenotype were generated. the translated sequence of a disrupted gene (ptwd4) from a ptw-negative mutant showed homology to vird4-like proteins. analysis of the region proximal to th ...	2004	15342570
the hfbpabc transporter from haemophilus influenzae functions as a binding-protein-dependent abc transporter with high specificity and affinity for ferric iron.	pathogenic haemophilus influenzae, neisseria spp. (neisseria gonorrhoeae and n. meningitidis), serratia marcescens, and other gram-negative bacteria utilize a periplasm-to-cytosol fbpabc iron transporter. in this study, we investigated the h. influenzae fbpabc transporter in a siderophore-deficient escherichia coli background to assess biochemical aspects of fbpabc transporter function. using a radiolabeled fe3+ transport assay, we established an apparent km=0.9 microm and vmax=1.8 pmol/10(7)cel ...	2004	15342592
effect of length of time before incorporation on survival of pathogenic bacteria present in livestock wastes applied to agricultural soil.	in response to reports that the contamination of food can occur during the on-farm primary phase of food production, we report data that describes a possible cost-effective intervention measure. the effect of time before soil incorporation of livestock wastes spread to land on the rate of decline of zoonotic agents present in the waste was investigated. fresh livestock wastes were inoculated with laboratory-cultured salmonella, listeria, and campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli o157 before th ...	2004	15345389
acidified litter benefits the intestinal flora balance of broiler chickens.	the alterations in the balance of the normal intestinal bacterial flora of chickens exposed to acidified wood-derived litter were analyzed and compared to those of a control group exposed to nonacidified litter. a total of 1,728 broilers were divided into two groups, with six replicates in each. one group was exposed to dry wood-derived litter, and the other was exposed to dry wood-derived litter sprayed with a mixture of sodium lignosulfonate, formic acid, and propionic acid. at five different ...	2004	15345401
biodiversity of vibrios.	vibrios are ubiquitous and abundant in the aquatic environment. a high abundance of vibrios is also detected in tissues and/or organs of various marine algae and animals, e.g., abalones, bivalves, corals, fish, shrimp, sponges, squid, and zooplankton. vibrios harbour a wealth of diverse genomes as revealed by different genomic techniques including amplified fragment length polymorphism, multilocus sequence typing, repetetive extragenic palindrome pcr, ribotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. the ...	2004	15353563
phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion.	comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. this process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial dna. many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. two situations can be distinguished: vibrio cholerae, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and clostridium botulinum depend on a specific p ...	2004	15353570
[anti-gd1b igg positive case of overlapping ficher's and guillain-barré syndromes].	we describe a patient who developed overlapping sensory ataxic form of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs) following campylobacter jejuni infection. two cerebrospinal fluid examinations shown albuminocytologic dissociation associated with campylobacter jejuni infection after tongue pierced. he had high titers of monospecific anti-gd1b igg antibody. because of the rarety of this disorder the diagnostic was difficult. there is a close association of igg anti-ganglioside ...	2004	15355812
helicobacter pylori and h2o2 increase ap endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 expression in human gastric epithelial cells.	helicobacter pylori infection causes inflammation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and oxidative dna damage in the gastric mucosa. apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (ape-1)/redox factor-1 (ref-1) repairs damaged dna and reductively activates transcription factors, including activator protein-1. considering that h. pylori generate reactive oxygen species and that reactive oxygen species modulate ape-1/ref-1 in other cell types, we examined the effect of h. pylori, oxidative stress, an ...	2004	15362040
species identification by genotyping and determination of antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from humans and chickens in sweden.	campylobacter is today the most common cause of human bacterial enteritis in sweden, as well as in most other industrialized countries. common sources of infection are undercooked chicken meat, unpasteurized milk and contaminated drinking water. one aim with our present study was to identify the species campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains from humans and chickens using a polymerase chain reaction/restriction enzyme analysis (pcr/rea) method, as well as traditional hippurate hydro ...	2004	15364471
the crystal structure of a complex of campylobacter jejuni dutpase with substrate analogue sheds light on the mechanism and suggests the "basic module" for dimeric d(c/u)tpases.	the crystal structure of the dutpase from the important gastric pathogen campylobacter jejuni has been solved at 1.65 a spacing. this essential bacterial enzyme is the second representative of the new family of dimeric dutpases to be structurally characterised. members of this family have a novel all-alpha fold and are unrelated to the all-beta dutpases of the majority of organisms including eukaryotes such as humans, bacteria such as escherichia coli, archaea like methanococcus jannaschii and a ...	2004	15364583
use of culture, pcr analysis, and dna microarrays for detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from chicken feces.	a dna microarray for detection of campylobacter spp. was recently developed and applied to detect campylobacter spp. directly from chicken feces. sixty-five pooled chicken cloacal swab samples from 650 individual broiler chickens were included in the study. the results of campylobacter sp. detection obtained with dna microarrays were compared to those obtained by conventional culture and gel electrophoresis. by conventional culture, 60% of the samples were positive for either campylobacter jejun ...	2004	15364980
the diagnostic yield of stool pathogen studies during relapses of inflammatory bowel disease.	we sought to determine the yield of stool analysis for bacterial culture, ova and parasites, and clostridium difficile toxin in suspected relapses of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd).	2004	15365403
detection of campylobacter species in faecal samples by direct gram stain microscopy.	to evaluate the gram stain with carbol-fuchsin counterstain for the rapid detection of campylobacter species in faecal samples.	2004	15370134
blood gammadelta t cells, campylobacter jejuni, and gm1 titers in guillain-barré syndrome.	the gammadelta t cells participate in microbial defense, are prevalent in intestinal epithelia, and are activated in autoimmune diseases. we studied whether peripheral blood gammadelta cells and gammadelta subsets are increased in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and whether elevations are associated with campylobacter jejuni infection or gm1 elevations. in 20 gbs patients, we performed serial flow cytometry studies of blood gammadelta, vdelta1, and vdelta2 cells (+/- cd8+), c jejuni, and gangliosi ...	2004	15372439
campylobacter, from obscurity to celebrity.	after its successful isolation from stools in the 1970s, campylobacter jejuni has rapidly become the most commonly recognised cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in man. reported cases of human campylobacteriosis represent only a small fraction of the actual number. in industrialised countries, the incidence of c. jejuni/campylobacter coli infections peaks during infancy, and again in young adults aged 15-44 years. acute self-limited gastrointestinal illness, characterised by diarrhoea, fever and ...	2004	15373879
a european survey of antimicrobial susceptibility among zoonotic and commensal bacteria isolated from food-producing animals.	to study antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria isolated from food animals in different countries using uniform methodology.	2004	15375107
n-linked protein glycosylation is required for full competence in campylobacter jejuni 81-176.	the recent sequencing of the virulence plasmid of campylobacter jejuni 81-176 revealed the presence of genes homologous to type iv secretion systems (tfss) that have subsequently been found in helicobacter pylori and wolinella succinogenes. mutational analyses of some of these genes have implicated their involvement in intestinal epithelial cell invasion and natural competence. in this report, we demonstrate that one of these type iv secretion homologs, cjp3/virb10, is a glycoprotein. treatment ...	2004	15375132
genome-wide molecular clock and horizontal gene transfer in bacterial evolution.	we describe a simple theoretical framework for identifying orthologous sets of genes that deviate from a clock-like model of evolution. the approach used is based on comparing the evolutionary distances within a set of orthologs to a standard intergenomic distance, which was defined as the median of the distribution of the distances between all one-to-one orthologs. under the clock-like model, the points on a plot of intergenic distances versus intergenomic distances are expected to fit a straig ...	2004	15375139
nonimmunized egg yolk powder can suppress the colonization of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, and campylobacter jejuni in laying hens.	if colonized, poultry shed enteric pathogens in the feces. of those that colonize poultry salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), and escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7 are the most concern to the industry. the authors previously discovered that the introduction of 5% dried nonimmunized egg yolk powder in the regular feed could eliminate and prevent salmonella enteritidis intestinal colonization of laying hens. hence, the efficacy of nonimmunized dried egg yolk powder supplement in co ...	2004	15384899
outer membrane proteins of pathogenic spirochetes.	pathogenic spirochetes are the causative agents of several important diseases including syphilis, lyme disease, leptospirosis, swine dysentery, periodontal disease and some forms of relapsing fever. spirochetal bacteria possess two membranes and the proteins present in the outer membrane are at the site of interaction with host tissue and the immune system. this review describes the current knowledge in the field of spirochetal outer membrane protein (omp) biology. what is known concerning bioge ...	2004	15449605
kitchen practices used in handling broiler chickens and survival of campylobacter spp. on cutting surfaces in kampala, uganda.	cross-contamination during food preparation has been identified as an important factor associated with foodborne illnesses. handling practices used during preparation of broiler chickens in 31 fast-food restaurants and 86 semisettled street stands (street vendors) were assessed by use of a standard checklist. these establishments used wood, plastic, or metal cutting surfaces during the preparation of broiler chickens. the survival of campylobacter spp. on kitchen cutting surfaces was determined ...	2004	15453589
is autoinducer-2 a universal signal for interspecies communication: a comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis of the synthesis and signal transduction pathways.	quorum sensing is a process of bacterial cell-to-cell communication involving the production and detection of extracellular signaling molecules called autoinducers. recently, it has been proposed that autoinducer-2 (ai-2), a furanosyl borate diester derived from the recycling of s-adenosyl-homocysteine (sah) to homocysteine, serves as a universal signal for interspecies communication.	2004	15456522
adjust quality scores from alignment and improve sequencing accuracy.	in shotgun sequencing, statistical reconstruction of a consensus from alignment requires a model of measurement error. churchill and waterman proposed one such model and an expectation-maximization (em) algorithm to estimate sequencing error rates for each assembly matrix. ewing and green defined phred quality scores for base-calling from sequencing traces by training a model on a large amount of data. however, sample preparations and sequencing machines may work under different conditions in pr ...	2004	15459287
salmonella amager, campylobacter jejuni, and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter found in free-flying peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) in sweden.	rare species with small population sizes are vulnerable to perturbations such as disease, inbreeding, or random events. the threat arising from microbial pathogens could be large and other species could act as reservoirs for pathogens. we report finding three enteric bacterial species, salmonella amager, campylobacter jejuni, and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacter, in nestling free-flying peregrine falcons (falco peregrinus) in sweden in 2000. campylobacter jejuni isolates exhibited mark ...	2004	15465731
flagellin from listeria monocytogenes is glycosylated with beta-o-linked n-acetylglucosamine.	glycan staining of purified flagellin from listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b suggested that the flagellin protein from this organism is glycosylated. mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the flagellin protein of l. monocytogenes is posttranslationally modified with o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) at up to six sites/monomer. the sites of glycosylation are all located in the central, surface-exposed region of the protein monomer. immunoblotting with a monoclon ...	2004	15466023
functional and structural analysis of hrca repressor protein from caulobacter crescentus.	a large number of bacteria regulate chaperone gene expression during heat shock by the hrca-circe system, in which the dna element called circe serves as binding site for the repressor protein hrca under nonstress conditions. in caulobacter crescentus, the groesl operon presents a dual type of control. heat shock induction is controlled by a sigma32-dependent promoter and the hrca-circe system plays a role in regulation of groesl expression under physiological temperatures. to study the activity ...	2004	15466027
hexameric assembly of the bifunctional methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase and protein-protein associations in the deoxy-xylulose-dependent pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis.	the bifunctional methylerythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (ispdf) is unusual in that it catalyzes nonconsecutive reactions in the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (doxp) pathway of isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis. the crystal structure of ispdf from the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni reveals an elongated hexamer with d3 symmetry compatible with the dimeric 2c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase and trimeric 2c-meth ...	2004	15466439
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 populations in cattle by addition of colicin e7-producing e. coli to feed.	a cattle trial using artificially inoculated calves was conducted to determine the effect of the addition of colicinogenic escherichia coli strains capable of producing colicin e7 (a 61-kda dnase) to feed on the fecal shedding of serotype o157:h7. the experiment was divided into three periods. in period 1, which lasted 24 days, six calves were used as controls, and eight calves received 10(7) cfu of e. coli (a mixture of eight colicinogenic e. coli strains) per g of feed. both groups were orally ...	2004	15466550
comparative genomics of the ftsk-hera superfamily of pumping atpases: implications for the origins of chromosome segregation, cell division and viral capsid packaging.	recently, it has been shown that a predicted p-loop atpase (the hera or mlaa protein), which is highly conserved in archaea and also present in many bacteria but absent in eukaryotes, has a bidirectional helicase activity and forms hexameric rings similar to those described for the trwb atpase. in this study, the ftsk-hera superfamily of p-loop atpases, in which the hera clade comprises one of the major branches, is analyzed in detail. we show that, in addition to the ftsk and hera clades, this ...	2004	15466593
nucleotide sequences and comparison of two large conjugative plasmids from different campylobacter species.	two large tetracycline resistance (tcr) plasmids have been completely sequenced, the ptet plasmid (45.2 kb) from campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 and a plasmid pcc31 (44.7 kb) from campylobacter coli strain cc31 that was isolated from a human case of severe gastroenteritis in the uk. both plasmids are mosaic in structure, having homologues of genes found in a variety of different commensal and pathogenic bacteria, but nevertheless, showed striking similarities in dna sequence and overall gene ...	2004	15470128
campylobacter jejuni and arcobacter species associated with intussusception in a raccoon (procyon lotor).		2004	15470973
novel real-time pcr assay for detection of helicobacter pylori infection and simultaneous clarithromycin susceptibility testing of stool and biopsy specimens.	a biprobe real-time pcr protocol, followed by hybridization melting point analysis, to detect point mutations in the 23s rrna gene of helicobacter pylori associated with clarithromycin resistance was established and evaluated in a clinical study. of 92 patients who underwent endoscopy, 45 were found to be h. pylori infected and invariably were also culture positive. of the 45 isolates, 11 were shown to be resistant to clarithromycin by e-test. with respect to the detection of h. pylori infection ...	2004	15472302
large-scale comparative genomics meta-analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolates reveals low level of genome plasticity.	we have used comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) on a full-genome campylobacter jejuni microarray to examine genome-wide gene conservation patterns among 51 strains isolated from food and clinical sources. these data have been integrated with data from three previous c. jejuni cgh studies to perform a meta-analysis that included 97 strains from the four separate data sets. although many genes were found to be divergent across multiple strains (n = 350), many genes (n = 249) were uniquely var ...	2004	15472310
microbiological status of piggery effluent from 13 piggeries in the south east queensland region of australia.	to assist in the development of safe piggery effluent re-use guidelines by determining the level of selected pathogens and indicator organisms in the effluent ponds of 13 south-east queensland piggeries.	2004	15479402
intestinal malignancy and campylobacter jejuni.		2004	15481007
campylobacter jejuni in guillain-barré syndrome.		2004	15488456
comparative analysis of four campylobacterales.	comparative genome analysis can be used to identify species-specific genes and gene clusters, and analysis of these genes can give an insight into the mechanisms involved in a specific bacteria-host interaction. comparative analysis can also provide important information on the genome dynamics and degree of recombination in a particular species. this article describes the comparative genome analysis of representatives of four different campylobacterales species - two pathogens of humans, helicob ...	2004	15494744
swimming and campylobacter infections.	a matched case-control study was conducted to study risk factors for domestically acquired sporadic campylobacter infections in finland. swimming in natural sources of water was a novel risk factor. eating undercooked meat and drinking dug-well water were also independent risk factors for campylobacter infection.	2004	15496253
flies and campylobacter infection of broiler flocks.	a total of 8.2% of flies caught outside a broiler house in denmark had the potential to transmit campylobacter jejuni to chickens, and hundreds of flies per day passed through the ventilation system into the broiler house. our study suggests that flies may be an important source of campylobacter infection of broiler flocks in summer.	2004	15496257
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates in japan.		2004	15499812
respiratory hydrogen use by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is essential for virulence.	based on available annotated gene sequence information, the enteric pathogen salmonella, like other enteric bacteria, contains three putative membrane-associated h2-using hydrogenase enzymes. these enzymes split molecular h2, releasing low-potential electrons that are used to reduce quinone or heme-containing components of the respiratory chain. here we show that each of the three distinct membrane-associated hydrogenases of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is coupled to a respiratory pat ...	2004	15501756
arcobacter species in humans.	during an 8-year study period, arcobacter butzleri was the fourth most common campylobacter-like organism isolated from 67,599 stool specimens. our observations suggest that a. butzleri displays microbiologic and clinical features similar to those of campylobacter jejuni; however, a. butzleri is more frequently associated with a persistent, watery diarrhea.	2004	15504280
detection of seven virulence and toxin genes of campylobacter jejuni isolates from danish turkeys by pcr and cytolethal distending toxin production of the isolates.	a total of 117 campylobacter jejuni isolates from danish turkeys were tested for the presence of seven virulence and toxin genes by pcr. one hundred seventeen (100%) isolates were positive for flaa, cadf, and ceue gene primers. one hundred three (88%) isolates were positive for cdt gene cluster pcr detection (cdt gene cluster-pcr), whereas 101 (86.3%), 102 (87.2%), and 110 (94%) isolates were positive for cdta-, cdtb-, and cdtc-pcr, respectively. only 39 (33.3%) isolates were positive for virb11 ...	2004	15508626
a real-time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of campylobacter jejuni using sybr green i and the lightcycler.	campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading human food-borne pathogen. traditional biochemical identification for c. jejuni is not reliable due to special growth requirements and the possibility that this bacterium can enter a viable but nonculturable (vnc) state. nucleic acid-based tests have emerged as a useful alternative to traditional testing. in this article, we present fluorescent quantitative pcr assay for quantitative detection of c. jejuni, the assay was carried out using a lightcy ...	2004	15989741
sample processing effect on polymerase chain reaction used for identification of campylobacter jejuni.	model samples of campylobacter jejuni for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were prepared by rapid and simple procedures consisting of centrifugation, proteinase k treatment, chelex 100 treatment, and boiling lyses. a pcr based on specific amplification of the variable sequence of 16s rrna gene was performed using tth dna polymerase and the pcr products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. the assay allowed the detection of 10 cfu/ml c. jejuni in the physiological saline and 100 cfu/ml ...	2004	15881405
[autonomic dysfunction in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy].	acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (aidp) is an autoimmune process that is characterized by progressive weakness, mild sensory changes and autonomic dysfunction. it is a rare disorder, afflicting about 1 person in 100,000. yet, since the decline in the number of polio cases, it represents the most common cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. aidp is thought to arise as a result of the production of antibody to bacterial campylobacter jejuni, sugar-containing surface antigen(s) tha ...	2004	15688775
survey of parasites and bacterial pathogens from free-living waterfowl in zoological settings.	to determine if free-living waterfowl residing in a zoological setting pose health risks for its animal collections, visitors, and employees, 450 fecal samples were collected and cultured for the presence of campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., and pasteurella multocida. a survey of endoparasites infecting the waterfowl was also conducted. sixty-seven percent, 42%, and 1.7% of the samples tested positive for e. coli, c. jejuni, and salmonella spp., respectively. no p. multoci ...	2004	15666857
new approaches to development of mucosal vaccine against enteric bacterial pathogens; preventing campylobacteriosis.	although vaccination, after having been more than 200 years in medical practice, has proven to be the most effective and the cheapest way to prevent infectious diseases, they remain still the main cause of human premature deaths. as many pathogens enter the human body through the mucosal surfaces, the mucosal way of immunization is considered to be the most promising strategy to decrease the number of human infections. moreover, the oral delivery system eliminates the necessity of injection what ...	2004	15787191
development of an indirect competitive elisa for detection of campylobacter jejuni subsp.jejuni o:23 in foods.	an indirect enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 0:23 has been developed. optimum concentrations of immobilized cells, polyclonal chicken igy, and rabbit anti-igy antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate were 3.1 cfu/nl, 10 microg/ml, and 8 microg/ml, respectively. under such conditions, the detection limit reached 50 cfu/microl, limit of quantification being 480 cfu/microl. by testing 5 chromogens, viz. 1,2-benzenediamine, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazo ...	2004	15702549
incomplete reiter's arthritis in a 23 year old nursing mother.		2004	15687073
detection of sorbitol-negative and sorbitol-positive shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter jejuni, and salmonella spp. in dairy farm environmental samples.	six visits were conducted to four dairy farms to collect swab, liquid, and solid dairy farm environmental samples (165 to 180/farm; 15 sample types). the objective of the study was to determine on-farm sources of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), which might serve as reservoirs for transmission of pathogens. samples were analyzed using mostly u.s. food and drug administration's bacteriological analytical manual proto ...	2004	15992268