Publications

detection of serum antibodies against cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus and human herpesvirus 6 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.	there has recently been renewed interest in the possible role of viruses in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras). in this study, sera from 22 patients with ras, 24 patients with oral lichen planus (olp) and 15 healthy controls were screened for igg and igm class antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), varicella zoster virus (vzv) and human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6). commercially available elisa and immunofluorescence kits were employed. there were no significant differences in the prevalence of i ...	1999	9890451
varicella zoster viral disease.	herpes zoster is cause of considerable morbidity, especially among elderly patients, with a suggestion of a slight increase in incidence among female patients. substantial research on the biology of the varicella zoster virus has led to advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease along with more successful therapy for the acute episodes of herpes zoster. ophthalmic zoster is more common than zoster in other cranial nerves and is associated with pronounced suffering. this arti ...	1999	10918864
delayed facial palsy after middle-ear surgery due to reactivation of varicella-zoster virus.	viral reactivation is thought to be an important cause of post-operative facial palsy of delayed onset. we present an unusual case of ramsay-hunt syndrome that occurred as a consequence of middle-ear surgery by triggering varicella-zoster virus reactivation. as a pathognomonic auricular eruption was not seen, the patient was initially misdiagnosed as iatrogenic facial palsy. clinical features, diagnosis and management are discussed.	1999	10664708
comparison of primary sensitization of naive human t cells to varicella-zoster virus peptides by dendritic cells in vitro with responses elicited in vivo by varicella vaccination.	dendritic cells (dc) are potent apc during primary and secondary immune responses. the first objective of this study was to determine whether human dc mediate in vitro sensitization of naive cd4+ t cells to epitopes of the immediate early 62 (ie62) protein of varicella zoster virus (vzv). the induction of cd4+ t cell proliferative responses to eight synthetic peptides representing amino acid sequences of the vzv ie62 protein was assessed using t cells and dc from vzv-susceptible donors. the seco ...	1999	9886433
emergence of resistance to acyclovir and penciclovir in varicella-zoster virus and genetic analysis of acyclovir-resistant variants.	we have characterized the differential actions of acyclovir and penciclovir against varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in cell culture by comparing the frequency of appearance of resistant viruses followed by their characterization. cells were infected with cell-free virus and the cultures were successively treated with increasing concentrations of acyclovir or penciclovir. drug-resistant viruses were selected in the presence of 6 microg/ml of acyclovir or penciclovir. the emergence frequency of resis ...	1999	10027650
varicella zoster virus infection associated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell rescue.	a retrospective evaluation of 215 consecutive recipients of high-dose chemotherapy (hdc) and autologous stem cell rescue (ascr) was conducted to ascertain the incidence, temporal course, and outcome of varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection. herpes zoster was identified in 40 individuals at a median of 69 days following ascr. six of these cases occurred at a median of 33 days prior to ascr but following the initiation of high doses of stem cell mobilization chemotherapy. twenty-five percent of p ...	1999	10100561
[varicella pneumonia].		1999	10201147
[virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome].		1999	10201167
hla-a33 and -b44 and susceptibility to postherpetic neuralgia (phn).	hla class i and class ii alleles of 32 japanese patients with postherpetic neuralgia (phn) and 136 healthy controls were analyzed by serological (class i) and dna (class ii) typing for any significance in the susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus (vzv). we recognized positive associations of the development of phn with the hla class i antigens hla-a33 and -b44, and the hla-a33-b44 haplotype. this haplotype is tightly linked to drb1*1302 in a japanese healthy population. however, no significan ...	1999	10203019
chronic herpes simplex virus type i glossitis in an immunocompromised man.	herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 (hsv-1) infection of the tongue commonly accompanies acute primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. however, recurrent infection of the tongue is exceptional and is restricted to immunocompromised individuals. a 57-year-old man with corticosteroid-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sciatica presented with a chronic median glossitis due to hsv-1. the main clinical and histological feature was massive necrosis of the entire mucosa. immunohistochemistry ...	1999	10233235
herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve third branch: a case report and review of the literature.	literature review and case report: a literature review of herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve is presented. included are differential diagnosis and treatment modalities that will enable the dental practitioner to identify and manage this disease. a case report is provided to amplify this timely information.	1999	10356471
novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: stereoselective synthesis and biological evaluation.	a study on the use of protecting groups led to the employment of the para-methoxybenzoyl (pmb) group as a directing group in the synthesis of novel triazole 2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides. use of the pmb group gave alpha:beta ratios of 1:6 in the glycosylation step with azidotrimethylsilane. a series of novel triazoles were generated for in vitro antiviral evaluation.	1999	10358943
subsets of t-cells and in vitro cytokine production after measles and varicellae-zoster virus antigen stimulation in allogeneic bmt patients.	this study was performed to analyse differences in t-cell proliferation induced by a latent virus, varicellae-zoster virus (vzv) and a non-latent virus, measles virus, in patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the lymphoproliferative response to measles antigen, vzv-antigen (vzv-ag), and phytohemagglutinin (pha) was measured by 3h-thymidine incorporation, and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-10 (il-10) analyses in supernatants after in vitro stimulation of perip ...	1999	10381217
[a case of ramsay hunt syndrome associated with local meningitis, multiple cranial neuropathy, and the second cervical nerve involvement].	a 76-year-old man with herpetic vesicle in the right auricle developed ipsilateral 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th cranial nerves involvement and pain in the dermatome of the second cervical nerve. the csf study revealed elevated opening pressure up to 220 mmh2o, and pleocytosis up to 151 cells/mm3. ninety-nine percent of the csf cells were mononuclear cells. csf protein was 47 mg/dl, and csf glucose was 62 mg/dl. on the 24th hospital day the csf cells decreased to 13/mm3 with 100% mononuclear cells. tit ...	1999	10391978
varicella zoster virus.	because of its ability to produce two clinically distinct disease entities (chickenpox and shingles), varicella zoster virus (vzv) is an unusual etiologic agent. although in the past viral exanthems were mostly only of academic interest to the practitioner, the development of antiviral agents and the newly approved varicella (oka) vaccine have increased the clinical significance. also, with the increasing seroprevalence of hiv infection, more patients will be stricken with zoster (at a younger a ...	1999	10411403
villitis of known origin: varicella and toxoplasma.	chronic villitis is a common condition in human placentae. in some cases an infectious cause can be demonstrated, such as infection with cytomegalovirus and rubella virus. most often it is of unknown aetiology, the so-called vue (villitis of unknown aetiology). we describe two cases with identification of specific infectious agents, each demonstrating previously unreported findings, i.e. persistent varicella antigen in the villi in case 1, and presence of toxoplasma cysts in wharton's jelly in c ...	1999	10419804
indolocarbazoles: potent, selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus replication.	in our search for new, safer anti-hcmv agents, we discovered that the natural product arcyriaflavin a (la) was a potent inhibitor of hcmv replication in cell culture. a series of analogues (symmetrical indolocarbazoles) was synthesised to investigate structure activity relationships in this series against a range of herpes viruses (hcmv, vzv, hsv1, and 2). this identified a number of novel, selective and potent inhibitors of hcmv, 12,13-dihydro-2,10-difluoro-5h-indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazo ...	1999	10428375
seroconversion rates in healthcare workers using a latex agglutination assay after varicella virus vaccination.	to determine the seroconversion rate after varicella immunization of healthcare workers (hcws) and the effect of seroconversion rate on current cost-based recommendations for universal vaccination.	1999	10432164
controlling varicella in the healthcare setting: barriers to varicella vaccination among healthcare workers.	we surveyed healthcare workers to determine factors that may influence acceptance of varicella-zoster virus vaccine. of 2,801 workers tested, 90 were susceptible to varicella; of workers offered vaccination, 68% accepted. workers providing direct patient care were 3.7-fold more likely than other workers to accept vzv vaccination (p=.04).	1999	10432167
varicella arthritis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction.	we report a 2-year-old girl who developed acute arthritis of the left knee 4 days after the onset of a typical varicella infection. she was first thought to have pyogenic arthritis caused by staphylococcus aureus. accordingly, oxacillin was administered upon hospitalization. on the third day after hospitalization, bacterial cultures of the synovial fluid and blood showed no growth and oxacillin was discontinued. although a viral culture of the synovial fluid for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was ...	1999	10463004
breakthrough varicella infection in a healthcare worker despite immunity after varicella vaccination.	although varicella vaccination is recommended for varicella-susceptible healthcare workers (hcws), breakthrough infection after vaccination is not unusual, especially following household exposures. we report breakthrough varicella in a vaccinated hcw and review the data on breakthrough infection and concerns for the healthcare setting.	1999	10466558
no changes in paired viral antibody titers during the course of acute schizophrenia.	although there have been many studies surveying the prevalence of specific viral antibodies in a large cohort of patients with schizophrenia, changes in antibody levels during the course of acute illness have not been fully investigated. we conducted a preliminary study investigating levels of antibodies to 5 herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, varicella-zoster virus and human herpesvirus type 6) and 6 other viruses (measles, rubella, mumps, influenza ...	1999	10474057
varicella-zoster virus eye disease.	to review the epidemiology, biology, systemic and ocular features, and treatment options for varicella zoster disease, including postherpetic neuralgia.	1999	10487424
laboratory diagnosis of herpes zoster.	virological diagnosis of zoster should be rapid when effective antiviral chemotherapy is being considered. in the present study, vesicle specimens of 100 patients with zoster were analysed by detecting viral dna using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the findings were compared with those obtained by traditional virological and serological methods. pcr results confirmed the clinical diagnosis of zoster in 95%. primers selected from varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 28 proved to be most sensitive. ...	1999	10548128
acyclovir treatment prevents varicella-zoster virus replication in pbmc during viremia.	the most effective antiviral therapy of varicella and zoster has become acyclovir. using polymerase chain reaction specific for vzv orf 14, orf 29, orf 63 as well as nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (orf 63, orf 68) we tested pbmc of patients with vzv-associated diseases for the presence of viral dna and rna, respectively. in pbmc of patients treated with acyclovir neither dna nor rna was detectable already one day after the onset of therapy. in three blood sample pairs from zoster pati ...	1999	10555200
zoster incidence in human immunodeficiency virus-infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men, 1984-1997. district of columbia gay cohort study. multicenter hemophilia cohort study.	zoster is an important clinical problem for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-infected patients. risk factors for zoster and trends in incidence in hiv-infected hemophiliacs and homosexual men (n=1218) were examined. from 1984 to 1997, 174 zoster cases were identified (average yearly incidence, 2.5%). prior zoster episodes were associated with increased risk for a subsequent episode (relative risk [rr], 4.30; 95% confidence interval [ci], 3.11-5.95). among hemophiliacs, children and adol ...	1999	10558932
chronic verrucous varicella zoster virus skin lesions: clinical, histological, molecular and therapeutic aspects.	the outbreak of hiv infection introduced a new phenomenon in varicella zoster virus (vzv) pathology, namely the long-standing wart-like skin lesions that are frequently associated with resistance to thymidine kinase (tk)-dependent antiviral agents. this paper reviews the clinical, histological, and molecular aspects and the therapeutic management of these verrucous lesions. the majority of lesions are characterized by chronically evolving, unique or multiple wart-like cutaneous lesions. the main ...	1999	10564318
detection of varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus by the polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers.	varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) are human pathogens of significance involved in multiple diseases with either typical or atypical clinical features. in neonates and immunocompromised patients these alphaherpesviruses may cause life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis. detection of vzv by virus culture is difficult. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is quicker and more sensitive and applicable in most clinical microbiological laboratories. using degenerate primers, ...	1999	10598093
viremic stages of different varicella-zoster virus-associated diseases.		1999	10599523
experience with live-attenuated varicella-zoster vaccines.		1999	10599530
identification and characterization of the simian varicella virus uracil dna glycosylase.	simian varicella virus (svv) infection of non-human primates is used as a model to study the pathogenesis and latency of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles. uracil dna glycosylase (udg) is a dna repair enzyme responsible for excision of uracil residues misincorporated into dna. udg is conserved throughout the herpesvirus family and may play an important role in viral pathogenesis. this study identified a 300 amino acid svv udg that shares 53.9% amino a ...	1999	10603170
evaluation of light diagnostics simulfluor hsv/vzv immunofluorescence assay.	in this study, we evaluated the light diagnostics simulfluor hsv/vzv immunofluorescence (sim) assay. a total of 167 specimens yielded 21 vzv and 55 hsv true positive test results. the sensitivity/specificity of the sim assay for vzv and hsv were, respectively, 100/98 and 62/99. these results were comparable to the results for the predicate devices used in this study. the sim assay offers the potential for the simultaneous, direct detection of hsv and vzv from a single slide well.	1999	10626130
modeling the effects of varicella vaccination programs on the incidence of chickenpox and shingles.	two possible dangers of an extensive varicella vaccination program are more varicella (chickenpox) cases in adults, when the complication rates are higher, and an increase in cases of zoster (shingles). here an age-structured epidemiologic-demographic model with vaccination is developed for varicella and zoster. parameters are estimated from epidemiological data. this mathematical and computer simulation model is used to evaluate the effects of varicella vaccination programs. although the age di ...	1999	17879870
are granulomatous reactions in old zoster lesions due to an immune response to varicella zoster virus envelope glucoproteins?		1998	10233614
[investigation on sera prevalence rate of varicella and immunogenicity of varicella vaccine in healthy children].	a whole varicella virus antigen-elisa method was used to investigate the sera prevalence rate of varicella in 315 healthy children aged 3-7 years. results showed that the sera positive rate of anti-vzv-igg was 41.6%. different prevalence rates in different kindergartens were noticed, characterizing the differences of populations. immunogenicity of oka strain attenuated varicella vaccine among children was also studied. no obvious adverse reactions were observed and the seraconversion rate was 85 ...	1998	10322684
[an adult case of peripheral facial nerve palsy following acute cerebellitis associated with high antibody titers against varicella-zoster virus].	here we report a case of acute cerebellitis, in which the patient developed right peripheral facial palsy during the recovery phase of cerebellar ataxia. a 67-year-old man developed truncal and limb ataxia following a fever, general fatigue and anorexia. he was diagnosed to have acute cerebellitis. while the ataxia symptoms were improving without any treatment, right peripheral facial nerve palsy developed and an mri revealed an enhancement of the right facial nerve proximal to the geniculate ga ...	1998	10349352
[zona in children].	herpes zoster is the clinical consequence of a late reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (vzv). it infects mainly the elderly, but pediatric cases are not uncommon. it occurs mostly in immunocompromised children, or in infancy after reactivation of latent vzv infection acquired transplacentally during intrauterine life. rarely, herpes zoster occurs in otherwise normal children, especially following varicella during the first year of life. clinical presentation of herpes zoster in children ...	1998	10223145
gray-white, spherical deposition on retinal vessel associated with acute retinal necrosis and diabetic retinopathy in htlv-i carriers.	tiny, gray-white, spherical deposits were found on the retinal vessels and vitreoretinal interface of the fovea in a 55-year-old woman with acute retinal necrosis due to varicella-zoster virus, and in a 47-year-old man with preproliferative diabetic retinopathy. both patients developed massive vitreous opacities due to uveal inflammation or hemorrhages that rendered the fundus difficult to visualize. a therapeutic vitrectomy revealed gray-white, tiny spherical deposits, about blood-vessel-diamet ...	1998	9886741
herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella virus infections in familial dysautonomia patients.	familial dystautonomia (fd) patients are deficient in type c fibers, suggesting that there may be a different pattern of infection and clinical presentation when infected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or varicella-zoster virus (vzv). these viruses infect and are reactivated in the periphery of the body through type c sensory nerve fibers. hsv-1 infects epithelial cells, penetrates into type c fibers, and migrates to the ganglia to generate latent infection. in reactivation, the viral dn ...	1998	9515762
first trimester pregnancy loss associated with varicella zoster virus infection: histological definition of a case.	pathological demonstration of varicella infection in first trimester aborted tissue is reported. a 24-year-old primigravida manifested chickenpox infection about 38 days after her last menstrual period or at 24 days age of the embryo. the conceptus survived another 4 to 5 weeks. the macerated embryo and placental tissue revealed nuclear changes consistent with varicella infection. immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopy were confirmatory.	1998	9445140
identification of residues within the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein that contribute to sequence-specific dna binding.	gene ul9 of herpes simplex virus type 1 encodes an 851-amino-acid protein which is essential for viral dna synthesis and functions as a sequence-specific origin-binding protein and dna helicase. we generated monoclonal antibodies against purified ul9 protein and identified one such antibody (mab 13924) that can block the interaction of the ul9 c-terminal dna-binding domain (amino acids 534-851) with its recognition sequence. mab 13924 interacted with immobilized peptides containing residues 780- ...	1998	9454691
ambulatory management of varicella-zoster virus infection in immunocompromised cancer patients.	immunocompromised patients with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection are at greater risk for dissemination and the development of complications than immunocompetent individuals. consequently, they are generally hospitalized in strict isolation rooms and treated with parenterally administered acyclovir. although effective, this approach is expensive and creates logistic difficulties in the hospital. we treated 38 immunosuppressed cancer patients presenting to our ambulatory treatment center wit ...	1998	9458538
persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis of varicella with oral aciclovir in the family setting.	the persistence of protective immunity after postexposure prophylaxis against varicella using oral aciclovir was evaluated in the family setting. sixty one of 78 recipients of oral aciclovir were assessed by questionnaire, and 13 of 61 were evaluated for serum antibody to varicella zoster virus (vzv) using the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen method. the observation period ranged from 33 to 50 months. none of those (n = 44) who had initially seroconverted to vzv after aciclovir prophylax ...	1998	9534679
cost-effectiveness of routine antenatal varicella screening.	to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of routine antenatal varicella serologic screening of pregnant women with negative or indeterminate varicella histories.	1998	9540934
[acyclic nucleotide analogues based on phosphonic acids].	the synthesis of novel nucleotide analogues on the basis of ethylphosphonic acid was described. a rigid structural element, an amide or a double bond, was characteristics of the compounds synthesized. the antiviral and cytotoxic activities of these compounds were studied in cell cultures.	1998	9551196
infrequent detection of cytomegalovirus and epstein-barr virus dna in synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.	to study the role of the cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and 2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and human herpes virus 6 (hhv-6) in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (ra).	1998	9558160
site-directed mutagenesis probing the catalytic role of arginines 165 and 166 of human cytomegalovirus protease.	human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a member of the herpesviridae family of viruses that also includes herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), human herpes virus-6, 7, and 8 (hhv-6, hhv-7, and hhv-8), and epstein-barr virus (ebv). each member of this family encodes a serine protease that is a potential target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. we recently reported the crystal structure of cmv proteases [qiu, x., culp, j. s., dilella, a. g., hellmig, b., hoog, s. s ...	1998	9558326
chickenpox monoarthritis: demonstration of varicella-zoster virus in joint fluid by polymerase chain reaction.	a case of chickenpox monoarthritis is described. the presence of varicella zoster virus (vzv) within the joint was demonstrated by the detection of viral dna in synovial fluid at a time when peripheral blood cells were negative. this strongly suggests a direct role of vzv in causing monoarthritis complicating chickenpox. the use of the polymerase chain reaction allows more rapid (2 days) confirmation of the diagnosis. early enough diagnosis would raise the question of using acyclovir to shorten ...	1998	9566673
varicella zoster infection in the immunocompromised child.	to describe varicella zoster virus infection in the immunocompromised child and provide guidelines to decrease the risk of infection and complications for these children.	1998	9568576
comparison of virus culture and direct immunofluorescent staining of cytocentrifuged virus transport medium for detection of varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions.	direct immunofluorescent staining of centrifuged viral transport medium (cvtm) was compared with conventional cell culture for the detection of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in 87 dermal lesions from 84 patients. a total of 21 (24%) were positive for vzv; 8 (38%) of these were positive by culture and cvtm, 13 (62%) by cvtm alone, and none by culture only. virus cultures were positive for vzv in an average of 9.1 days (range, 4-20 days). cvtm, using cytocentrifugation, is more sensitive and rapid ...	1998	9576584
[uncommon neurologic complications related to varicella-zoster virus].	neurological complications caused by varicella-zoster virus, excluding post-herpetic neuralgia and aseptic meningitis, are infrequent and varied. other complications, which have been described are peripheral motor neuropathy, cranial nerve palsies, meningoencephalitis, guillain-barré syndrome, myelitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus with delayed contralateral hemiparesis and reye syndrome. we present 4 patients with infrequent neurological complications associated with varicella-zoster virus: 3 cas ...	1998	9578678
varicella-zoster virus distribution in ramsay hunt syndrome revealed by polymerase chain reaction.	the pathogenesis of facial nerve paralysis and vestibulo-cochlear dysfunction of ramsay hunt syndrome remains unclear as varicella-zoster virus (vzv) has not been demonstrated in the lesions. using the polymerase chain reaction, we detected vzv genomes not only in the vesicles on the auricles or oral cavity but also in the facial nerve sheath, middle ear mucosa and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with ramsay hunt syndrome. the vzv genome was undetectable in the same kinds of clinical samples o ...	1998	9583779
etiology of immune stromal (interstitial) keratitis.	we compared the etiologies of immune stromal keratitis (isk), also known as interstitial keratitis (ik), in a recent group of patients with active and inactive isk.	1998	9603383
[fatal varicella-zoster encephalitis; a rare complication of herpes zoster].	in a 82-year-old woman varicella zoster encephalitis was diagnosed, a rare complication of shingles. the case was remarkable for its rapid and fatal course in a patient without an underlying disease. at autopsy, the histological picture of an acute haemorrhagic encephalitis was seen, also a rare finding.	1998	9623132
acyclovir-resistant varicella-zoster virus: phenotypic and genetic characterization.	a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) developed zoster of the right arm which was resistant clinically to acyclovir. varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was cultured from a skin biopsy performed at the beginning of acyclovir therapy (isolate 1) and after its failure (isolate 2). the emergence of acyclovir resistance during treatment was investigated by developing a simple and rapid drug sensitivity assay based on the plaque reduction reference method. this late-antigen synthesis reductio ...	1998	9624615
diagnosis of herpetic keratoconjunctivitis by nested polymerase chain reaction in human tear film.	a study was performed to evaluate nested pcr (npcr) versus viral cultures as method and tear film versus corneal scrapings as specimen in the diagnosis of viral keratoconjunctivitis. tear film specimens were taken from both eyes and corneal scrapings from the affected eye only in 17 patients with suspected viral keratoconjunctivitis. in 15 of the 17 patients the viral agent of the infection could be detected: 11 patients had herpes simplex virus type 1, two varicella-zoster virus, one both herpe ...	1998	9629979
varicella-zoster virus: infection, control, and prevention.	varicella-zoster virus is a herpes virus that produces a primary infection, chickenpox, manifested by a vesicular eruption and is considered one of the common childhood infectious diseases. after the initial infection the virus becomes latent, then when activated it is manifested as herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles. this highly communicable human disease is associated with serious morbidity and significant mortality, particularly among the immunocompromised. when introduced in the hospi ...	1998	9638300
detection of varicella zoster virus dna and viral antigen in human eyes after herpes zoster ophthalmicus.	the purpose of the study was to identify varicella zoster virus (vzv) dna and viral antigen in human eyes at various intervals after clinical onset of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (hzo).	1998	9663241
[diagnosis of herpetic uveitis and keratouveitis].	in epithelial viral keratitis as in viral retinitis, the diagnosis is made on the basis of typical clinical findings. a laboratory confirmation is achieved in over 80% using routine laboratory methods. in contrast, it is almost impossible to confirm the diagnosis of stromal herpetic keratitis in vivo using the currently available laboratory methods. nothing is known about the situation in cases of viral anterior uveitis.	1998	9677579
congenital varicella-zoster virus infection and barrett's esophagus.	congenital varicella syndrome is a rare complication of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection during pregnancy. an infant was exposed to vzv at 18.5 weeks of gestation and had eye and skin abnormalities at birth and persistent feeding difficulties, prompting esophageal biopsies at 12 days and 20 and 20.5 months of age. esophageal tissues demonstrated specialized intestinal metaplasia (barrett's esophagus). vzv dna (in situ hybridization) and proteins (immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain r ...	1998	9697739
infectious simian varicella virus expressing the green fluorescent protein.	clinical, pathologic, immunologic and virologic features of simian varicella virus (svv) infection in primates closely resemble varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection in humans. such similarities provide a rationale to analyze svv infection in primates as a model of varicella pathogenesis and latency. thus, we constructed an svv-expressing green fluorescent protein (svv-gfp) by inserting the gfp gene into the unique short segment of the virus genome by homologous recombination. analysis of recom ...	1998	9718136
antigenic variation of varicella zoster virus fc receptor ge: loss of a major b cell epitope in the ectodomain.	varicella zoster virus (vzv) is considered to possess a genetically stable genome; only one serotype is recognized around the world. the 125-kbp genome contains approximately 70 open reading frames. one that has received particular attention is open reading frame 68, which codes for glycoprotein ge, the predominant 623-residue viral envelope product that harbors both b and t cell epitopes. this report describes the initial characterization of a community-acquired vzv isolate that was a distingui ...	1998	9740773
the value of cerebrospinal fluid antiviral antibody in the diagnosis of neurologic disease produced by varicella zoster virus.	we studied four patients with subacute to chronic varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection of the central nervous system (cns). vzv infection was verified by detecting antibody to vzv in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). vzv caused myelitis in two patients and encephalitis in two patients. in one of the patients with vzv encephalitis, in addition to vzv igm antibody, vzv dna was found in the csf. among the four patients with vzv infection of the cns, csf antibody to vzv was the crucial diagnostic lab ...	1998	9741397
[acyclovir-resistance zona in a immunocompromised hiv seronegative patient].	resistance to antiviral therapy is getting actually more frequent. immunocompromised host are more concerned with this problem.	1998	9747231
squamous cell carcinomas after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia: further evidence of a multistep process.	secondary solid tumors are rare events occurring in patients who underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and fanconi's anemia. human herpes virus 8 (hhv8), epstein-barr virus (ebv), and human papillomaviruses (hpv) sequences have been found in squamous cell carcinoma (scc) occurring in organ transplant recipients. the tumor suppressor gene p53 has been strongly linked to the occurrence of scc in the nonimmunocompromised population.	1998	9753353
[ramsay hunt syndrome associated with eosinophilic pneumonia].	a 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dry coughing. ten days before admission, the patient had suffered from facial palsy accompanying otic zoster infection (ramsay hunt syndrome). acyclovir was given, and during the two weeks after admission, the facial palsy resolved completely. the dry coughing worsened, and marked eosinophilia developed (1.930/mm3). a chest roentgenogram and a computed tomogram revealed wandering non-segmental infiltration in the left lung field. examin ...	1998	9754004
herpes zoster infection in hiv-seropositive patients associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.		1998	9764795
[management of varicella-zoster virus infections. no systematic vaccination against varicella in france].		1998	9767786
varicella-zoster virus orf57, unlike its pseudorabies virus ul3.5 homolog, is dispensable for viral replication in cell culture.	varicella zoster virus (vzv) encodes five genes that do not have homologs in herpes simplex virus. one of these genes, vzv orf57, is predicted to encode a protein containing 71 amino acids. antibody to orf57 protein immunoprecipitated a 6-kda protein in the cytosol of vzv-infected cells. although the homolog of vzv orf57 in pseudorabies virus, ul3.5, is critical for viral egress and growth in cell culture, vzv unable to express orf57 replicated to titers similar to those seen with parental virus ...	1998	9770434
[neurologic complications of varicella in adults].	three patients aged 32, 30 and 36 years, had chicken pox then developed acute cerebellar ataxia (for two) and acute polyradiculoneuritis. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) protein content was increased and varicella virus serology was positive in both blood and csf. all three patients improved with aciclovir.	1998	9773073
recurrent nodular scleritis associated with varicella zoster virus.	purpose: to describe a case of recurrent nodular scleritis that was apparently caused by reactivation of a varicella zoster virus infection. methods: case report. immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were used to detect viral antigen and dna in the biopsy specimen of inflamed sclera of a patient with a history of recurrent nodular scleritis.	1998	9780109
[molecular biology and molecular genetics in otorhinolaryngology--virus infections in inner ears].		1998	9786744
acute viral encephalitis in adults--a prospective study.	we have prospectively studied 27 adult patients attending the department of infectious diseases, göteborg, sweden, between october 1992 and october 1996 with a diagnosis of acute viral encephalitis. in addition to cerebrospinal fluid (csf) virus isolations and antibody analyses against herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus (ebv), enterovirus, adenovirus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and mycoplasma, polymerase chain reaction test (pcr) to 5 viruses fr ...	1998	9790126
effect of shipment, storage, anticoagulant, and cell separation on lymphocyte proliferation assays for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	lymphocyte proliferation assays (lpa), which can provide important information regarding the immune reconstitution of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, frequently involve shipment of specimens to central laboratories. in this study, we examine the effect of stimulant, anticoagulant, cell separation, storage, and transportation on lpa results. lpa responses of whole blood and separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to differe ...	1998	9801338
interleukin (il)-10, il-12, and interferon-gamma production in primary and memory immune responses to varicella-zoster virus.	varicella immunization provided the opportunity to examine the kinetics of interleukin (il)-10, il-12 and interferon (ifn)-gamma production elicited during primary in vivo sensitization with proteins of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), a common human herpesvirus. vzv-specific ifn-gamma release and t cell proliferation were elicited by immunization and persisted through 15 months of follow-up. the induction of vzv-specific t cells and igg antibodies was accompanied by transient increases in il-10 an ...	1998	9806019
the antiherpesvirus activity of h2g [(r)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine] is markedly enhanced by the novel immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil.	mycophenolate mofetil (mmf) has been approved as an immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplant recipients and may thus be used concomitantly with antiherpetic agents, which are used for the treatment of intercurrent herpesvirus infections. we have recently demonstrated that mmf and its parent compound mycophenolic acid (mpa), which is a potent inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase, potentiate the antiherpesvirus activity of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and penciclovir. we have now evaluated the antiviral ...	1998	9835529
failure of sorivudine therapy in progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by varicella zoster virus.	we report on the case of a 23-year-old female who presented with ocular signs of progressive outer retinal necrosis (porn) syndrome and who failed to respond to acyclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet and oral sorivudine.	1998	9843261
risk factors for idiopathic cerebellar ataxia of late onset.	in an attempt to identify risk factors for the development of idiopathic cerebellar ataxia (idca) we performed a case-control study of 59 idca patients. hypertension and medicine intake were less frequent in idca than in neurological controls. multiple logistic regression yielded an odds ratio (or) for hypertension of 0.13 (95% confidence interval: 0.00-1.02, p=0.0527) and medicine intake of 0.10 (95% confidence interval: 0.00-0.72, p=0.0157). in contrast, we did not identify an association of i ...	1998	9849801
varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein ge: endocytosis and trafficking of the fc receptor.	varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes a functional cell membrane fc receptor called glycoprotein ge. vzv ge resembles other mammalian cell membrane receptors, such as the mammalian fc receptor. in further analyses by transient transfection, the cellular trafficking of vzv ge was compared to other cell surface receptors. vzv ge was shown to undergo endocytosis from the cell membrane when visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. the endocytosis and trafficking pathway of vzv ge followed cl ...	1998	9852964
intracellular transport of varicella-zoster glycoproteins.	previous observations have established that varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is enveloped in the trans-golgi network (tgn) in cultures infected with vzv and that the glycoprotein ge is targeted to the tgn by a signal sequence (ayrv) and an acidic tgn signal patch in its cytosolic domain. neither sequence is present in other vzv glycoproteins. like ge, gi was targeted to the tgn when it was expressed in transfected cells, suggesting that gi also contains tgn targeting information (colocalized with ge ...	1998	9852965
regulated nuclear localization of the varicella-zoster virus major regulatory protein, ie62.	the major transcriptional regulatory protein encoded by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), ie62, accumulates within the nucleus of transfected and vzv-infected cells. data are presented to show that nuclear localization of ie62 is dependent upon charged amino acids mapping to residues 677-685 of the 1310 residue protein. furthermore, coexpression of vzv open-reading frame (orf) 66 with ie62 results in the accumulation of cytoplasmic forms of ie62, suggesting that the orf 66 protein can override the i ...	1998	9852967
the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open-reading frame 29 protein acts as a modulator of a late vzv gene promoter.	transient expression assays have shown that the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open-reading frame (orf) 29 gene product can act as a modulator of vzv gene expression. the orf 29 protein alone does not appear to have any effect on transcription; however, in its presence, changes in the level of reporter gene activity mediated by the vzv immediate early (ie) 62 major transactivator are seen. increased expression was observed in human fibroblasts, mewo cells, hela cells, and t cells. in contrast, the ...	1998	9852970
evidence of latent varicella-zoster virus in rat dorsal root ganglia.	latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was studied in ganglia of rats that had been inoculated subcutaneously with either a high-passaged wild-type, a low-passaged wild-type, or the vaccine strain of virus using in situ hybridization. nine of 11 rats injected with virus and no control rats developed serum vzv antibodies as demonstrated by fluorescent antibody membrane antigen. polymerase chain reaction 2 weeks following inoculation did not detect viremia in the rats. vzv was detected by in situ hyb ...	1998	9852973
cytokine production in varicella-zoster virus-stimulated cultures of human blood lymphocytes.	estimates of responder cell frequency (rcf) based on limiting dilution analyses are laborious, and alternative means to quantitate cell-mediated immunity to immunogens are desirable. it was shown that levels of interleukin (il)-2 in the supernatant of varicella-zoster virus-stimulated blood lymphocytes from immune adults peaked at 48 h of culture and correlated partially with estimates of rcf (r = .74, p = .003). levels of gamma-interferon, il-4, and il-10 increased through the first 4 days of c ...	1998	9852984
a dose-response study of a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (oka strain) vaccine administered to adults 55 years of age and older.	decreased cell-mediated immune (cmi) response to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is correlated with an increased risk of reactivation of latent virus from dorsal root sites, leading to herpes zoster. the cell-mediated and humoral immunogenicity of three concentrations (3200, 8500, and 41,650 pfu/dose) of a live attenuated vzv vaccine (oka strain; vzv/oka) was compared with a control pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 200 healthy adults who were > or = 55 years old. six weeks after vaccination, ...	1998	9852985
use of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to boost varicella-specific immune responses in seropositive people 55 years of age and older: duration of booster effect.	varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-specific t cell immunity was measured in 130 persons > or = 55 years of age 6 years after they received a live attenuated vzv vaccine. circulating t cells, which proliferated in vitro in response to vzv antigen, were enumerated (vzv responder cell frequency assay). six years after the booster vaccination, the vzv-responding cell frequency (1/61,000 circulating cells) was still significantly (p < .05) improved over the baseline measurements (1/70,000) and appears to h ...	1998	9852987
hiv/aids case histories: diagnostic problems. varicella-zoster encephalitis.		1998	11361888
varicella-zoster virus disease and epidemiology: seeking better control strategies--part 1.		1998	9916347
fattiviracin a1, a novel antiviral agent produced by streptomyces microflavus strain no. 2445. ii. biological properties.	fattiviracin a1, showed potent antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), influenza a virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). it showed no cytotoxicity against vero cells. fattiviracin a1 exhibited no significant antibacterial or antifungal activities. treatment of hsv-1 with fattiviracin a1 decreased its infectivity to vero cells. the mechanism of its antiviral activity may be due to inactivation of the viral particles and inhi ...	1998	9918397
varicella-zoster virus gene 21: transcriptional start site and promoter region.	varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes chicken pox (varicella), becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia, and reactivates decades later to cause shingles (zoster). during latency, the entire vzv genome is present in a circular form, from which genes 21, 29, 62, and 63 are transcribed. immediate-early (ie) vzv genes 62 and 63 encode regulators of virus gene transcription, and vzv gene 29 encodes a major dna-binding protein. however, little is known about the function of vzv gene 21 or the control of it ...	1998	9420198
apoptosis as a mechanism of peripheral blood mononuclear cell death after measles and varicella-zoster virus infections in children.	viral infections may induce an acquired form of immunodeficiency, generally lasting a few weeks. in the more severe form, such as hiv infection, the immunodeficiency is permanent. programmed death of t cells represents one of the mechanisms by which hiv determines the t cell functional impairment, finally resulting in the destruction of t cells. in this study, we evaluated whether an altered regulation of apoptosis was also implicated in the anergy associated with the common measles or varicella ...	1998	9432116
(z)- and (e)-2-((hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene)methyladenine and -guanine. new nucleoside analogues with a broad-spectrum antiviral activity.	new nucleoside analogues 14-17 based on a methylenecyclopropane structure were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. reaction of 2,3-dibromopropene (19) with adenine (18) led to bromoalkene 20, which was benzoylated to give n6,n6-dibenzoyl derivative 23. attempts to convert 20 or 23 to bromocyclopropanes 21 and 22 by reaction with ethyl diazoacetate catalyzed by rh2(oac)4 were futile. by contrast, 2,3-dibromopropene (19) afforded smoothly (e)- and (z)-dibromocyclopropane carboxylic e ...	1998	9438017
usual interstitial pneumonitis responsive to corticosteroids following varicella pneumonia.	varicella pneumonia usually resolves after treatment, and occasionally miliary calcification develops on the roentgenogram of the chest years afterward. a case of varicella pneumonia is presented that followed a previously unreported course. in this case, usual interstitial pneumonitis (uip) developed. the pneumonitis responded well clinically and radiographically to corticosteroid treatment. the role of viral pneumonia in the cause of uip is discussed.	1998	9440602
dermatological infections in the immunocompromised host.	the data from the most recent studies concerning infection with human herpes virus 8 strongly support a pathogenic role for this virus in the tumoral hyperplasia which is a feature of kaposi's sarcoma. the results from the first studies of the sensitivity of human herpes virus 8 to antiviral drugs were also published last year. this review also concerns bacterial and mycobacterial infections showing unusual presentation, important trials in the prevention of infection with varicella zoster virus ...	1998	17033375
[sudden hyponatremia with unconsciousness. case report and brief overview of the syndrome of inadequate antidiuresis (siad or schwartz-bartter syndrome].	a sixty-six year old female was admitted to the hospital with an incomplete hemiparesis on the left side combined with a short episode of unconsciousness. according to her husband's account she had a seizure. relevant laboratory measurements: plasma sodium concentration 113.9 mmol/l, plasma concentration of adh 10.3 pg/ml, urine sodium concentration 44.4 mmol/l. the plasma concentrations of creatinine and urea were within normal limits. the working hypothesis was siad (syndrome of inappropriate ...	1997	9441028
multiple pulmonary nodules after recovery from chickenpox in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.	a 61-year-old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) was found to have multiple pulmonary nodules on an annual chest radiograph 4 months after recovery from chickenpox. to exclude the metastatic carcinoma, an open lung biopsy was performed. histological examination disclosed isolated necrotic nodules surrounded by some lymphocytes and a few giant cells. these histological findings were compatible with healed varicella pneumonia and the dna of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was detected by ...	1997	9441126
[virus propagation and proteases: with special emphasis on the newly discovered serine protease in human herpes virus].		1997	9136621
the use of polymerase chain reaction techniques to detect varicella-zoster virus in corneal transplant tissue.		1997	9152136
chaperone functions common to nonhomologous epstein-barr virus gl and varicella-zoster virus gl proteins.	herpesviruses encode the complex-forming, essential glycoproteins gh and gl. maturation and transport of gh are dependent on coexpression of its chaperone, gl. the gl proteins of alpha herpesviruses and gamma herpesviruses do not have a significant percentage of amino acid sequence homology. yet, as we report herein, the diverse gl glycoproteins of epstein-barr virus (ebv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were functionally interchangeable, although membrane expression and maturation of gh were s ...	1997	8995697
replacement of the herpes simplex virus type 1 vmw175 dna binding domain with its varicella-zoster virus counterpart results in a protein with novel regulatory properties that can support virus growth.	the alphaherpesviruses encode major immediate early transactivator proteins that are essential for the expression of later classes of viral genes. we have previously shown that the extensive sequence similarity between the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) members of the family (proteins vmw175 and vzv140k) extends to function, since a virus which expresses vzv140k in place of vmw175 is able to grow, albeit at reduced efficiency. we have also shown that the dna ...	1997	9010302