Publications

photosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves: optimization of methods for determination of fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate.	the accurate measurement of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate from plants such as wheat is fraught with difficulty. extraction and assay methods for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate that give near 100% recovery of the metabolite, and a linear response with volume have therefore been developed for extracts prepared from wheat leaves of different ages. amounts of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in different regions of leaves generally showed a positive correlation with chlorophyll content. measurements of sucrose and ...	2000	10948231
two-dimensional electrophoresis of soluble leaf proteins, isolated from two wheat species (triticum durum and triticum aestivum) differing in sensitivity towards nacl.	plants of two wheat species (triticum aestivum cv. tanit and t. durum cv. ben bachir), differing in their sensitivity to nacl were cultivated in the presence or absence of 100 mm nacl for 21 days. soluble proteins extracted from leaves were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in order to detect nacl-induced changes in the polypeptide patterns. in all, 500 spots were detected. results showed species-dependent differences. the greatest alterations in the polypeptide profiles following salt ...	2000	10939462
is there scope for improving balance between rubp-regeneration and carboxylation capacities in wheat at elevated co2?	carboxylation and rubp-regeneration capacities, which determine light-saturated photosynthetic rate, were analysed in leaves of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) grown under different atmospheric co2 partial pressure (pca) and n supply regimes. capacities were estimated from a large number of gas exchange, rubisco and atp-synthase content measurements, and from these, the pca at which the two capacities are equal was derived, to allow direct comparison with growth pca. acclimation ...	2000	10938847
uptake and retranslocation of leaf-applied cadmium (109cd) in diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheats.	uptake and retranslocation of leaf-applied radiolabeled cadmium (109cd) was studied in three diploid (triticum monococcum, aa), four tetraploid (triticum turgidum, bbaa) and two hexaploid (triticum aestivum, bbaadd) wheat genotypes grown for 9 d under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solution. among the tetraploid wheats, two genotypes were primitive (ssp. dicoccum) and two genotypes modern wheats (ssp. durum). radiolabelled cd was applied by immersing the tips (3 cm) of mature le ...	2000	10938828
[cytogenetic analysis of hybrids resistant to yellow rust and powdery mildew obtained by crossing common wheat (triticum aestivum l., aabbdd) with wheat of the timopheevi group (atatgg)].	the karyotypes of 47 hybrid lines obtained from crosses of common wheat triticum aestivum l. (cv. rodina and line 353) with triticum timopheevii zhuk, (atatgg) and related species t. militinae zhuk. et migusch. (atatgg) and t. kiharae dorof. et migusch. (atatggdsqdsq) were analyzed by c-banding. most lines were resistant to yellow rust and powdery mildew. the introgression of alien genetic material to the common wheat genome was realized via substitutions of complete at-, g-, and d-genome chromo ...	2000	11190474
temperature-dependent translational regulation of the er omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene in wheat root tips.	the proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (18:3) among the total fatty acids in root tissue increases as the growth temperature decreases. endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 fatty acid desaturase is responsible for the production of most of the 18:3 in root tissue. in this study, the effect of temperature on expression of the tafad3 gene, which encodes endoplasmic reticulum omega-3 desaturase in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chihoku), was analysed at the mrna and protein levels. in wheat root tips gro ...	2000	11135114
new members of a cold-responsive group-3 lea/rab-related cor gene family from common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a cor (cold-responsive) cdna that belongs to the group-3 lea (late embryogenesis abundant)/rab (responsive to abscisic acid, aba) family was isolated from a winter-hardy cultivar of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). screening of a cold-acclimated cdna library was performed using an aba- and other stress-responsive barley cdna clone, hva1, as a probe. a wheat cdna clone (designated as wrab19) putatively encoded a basic (pi = 10.3) and hydrophobic protein with 179 amino acids. the deduced prote ...	2000	11126566
the strategy of the wheat plant in acclimating growth and grain production to nitrogen availability.	two cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were grown to maturity in hydroponic cultures. nitrogen accumulation was controlled by daily growth-limiting additions of nitrate together with all other nutrients in excess. six different curves of n accumulation were used, with the same relative changes from day to day, but with different amplitudes. these curves were obtained by using the same mathematic formula of the n accumulation curves but varying the value of initial n content. the to ...	2000	11113170
flow sorting of mitotic chromosomes in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	the aim of this study was to develop an improved procedure for preparation of chromosome suspensions, and to evaluate the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in wheat. suspensions of intact chromosomes were prepared by mechanical homogenization of synchronized root tips after mild fixation with formaldehyde. histograms of relative fluorescence intensity (flow karyotypes) obtained after the analysis of dapi-stained chromosomes were characterized and the chromosome content of all pe ...	2000	11102393
changes of microsomal membrane properties in spring wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-b radiation.	the properties of microsomal membranes in spring wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l. cv. ganlong no. 92-005) exposed to (0) control, 8.64 (t1) and 11.2 kj m(-2) day(-1) (t2) biologically effective uv-b irradiation (uv-b(be)) were studied under greenhouse conditions. these irradiance levels correspond to a decrease in the stratospheric ozone of approximately 12.5 and 20%, respectively, for a clear solstice day at lanzhou (36.04 degrees n, 1550 m), china. compared with controls, the content of malo ...	2000	11100838
[studies of salt tolerance of alloplasmic wheat].	using aegilops crassa cytoplasm wheat as test material, salt tolerance of alloplasmic wheat was identified by tissue culture, nutrient solution culture and artificial saline pond, from calli, seeding stage, recovering stage and mature period. the results showed ae. crassa cytoplasm lines indicated the difference of salt tolerance in varying degree; the difference of cytoplasm effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. the salt tolerance of (a ...	2000	11147351
[fluorescence in situ hybridization applied to the meiotic analysis and spontaneous chromosome translocation in the pollen mother cells of hybrids of triticum-haynaldia].	fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to the meiotic analysis and chromosome pairing in the pollen mother cells of hybrids of triticum-haynaldia. the results indicated that most (90.5%-93.2%) of the pmcs of two triticum-haynaldia hybrids contained two univalents involving one haynaldia chromosome at metaphase i, and only 1 of 320 pmcs with homologous pairing between one wheat chromosome and one haynaldia chromosome was observed in the hybrid of guinong 22 x common wheat chinese spring, ...	2000	11147350
changes in wheat germination following gamma-ray irradiation: an in vivo electronic paramagnetic resonance spin-probe study.	embryos excised from wheat (triticum aestivum) grains following gamma-ray irradiation at different doses were analyzed on membrane permeability by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) technique with 4-oxo-2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (tempone) as spin probe to acquire an epr spectrum. the broadening agent ferricyanide added leads to changes in the high-field region of the epr spectrum, which reflects differences in membrane permeability. r-value, defined as the ratio of water (w) to ...	2000	10725521
a weakly voltage-dependent, nonselective cation channel mediates toxic sodium influx in wheat.	to determine the transporters responsible for toxic na(+) influx in wheat (triticum aestivum), root plasma membrane preparations were screened using the planar lipid bilayer technique as an assay for na(+)-permeable ion channel activity. the predominant channel in the bilayer was a 44-ps channel that we called the nonselective cation (nsc) channel, which was nonselective for monovalent cations and weakly voltage dependent. single channel characteristics of the nsc channel were compared with (22) ...	2000	10712546
efficacy of cotton root destruction and winter cover crops for suppression of hoplolaimus columbus.	the efficacy of rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) winter cover crops and cotton stalk and root destruction (i.e., pulling them up) were evaluated in field tests during two growing seasons for hoplolaimus columbus management in cotton. the effect of removing debris from the field following root destruction also was evaluated. wheat and rye produced similar amounts of biomass, and both crops produced more biomass (p </= 0.05) following cotton root destruction. cover crops did not ...	2000	19271009
[development of a system for polymyxa graminis infection and transmission of wheat yellow mosaic virus].	in growth chambers, a system was developed for infection of polymyxa graminis to wheat(triticum aestivum l.), which is an obligate parasite. by the system, the fungus could be propagated in large quantity rapidly and the life cycle of p. graminis in wheat was observed in a period of 13 to 15 days. the methods for separating p. graminis as single cystosori from cultured wheat roots or dried roots were simplified. by tests for the factors affecting on p. graminis infection, including inocula types ...	2000	12548954
isolation, characterization, and expression analysis of starch synthase iia cdna from wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	we characterized three near-full-length putative homoeologous cdna (ss2a-1, ss2a-2, and ss2a-3) in wheat endosperm most similar to the maize zssiia. polypeptide sequences deduced from three ss2a cdna clones share a 95% overall sequence similarity, and may thus have similar biochemical properties and may make identical contributions to starch biosynthesis in wheat endosperm. the accumulation of rna transcripts corresponding to three ss2a genes in developing endosperm varies among three cultivars ...	2000	11081966
[development of blunt tilletia caries (d.c.) tul. pathogen on embryogenic wheat callus].	the development of tilletia caries on embryogenic and morphogenic wheat calluses from germination of spores up to sorus formation have been investigated. pathogene growth was similar in variants with wheat calluses of susceptible species triticum aestivum and resistant species t. timopheevii, but intensity of its development of embryogenic calluses of both species was lower, than on morphogenic. necrosis of parenchyma-like cells was more distinct in the embryogenic than in morphogenic calluses. ...	2000	10953860
effect of maturity on degradation kinetics of sod-seeded cereal grain forage grown in northern arkansas.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rye (secale cereale l.) were overseeded into a dormant bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.) sod and harvested at 3-wk intervals throughout march, april, may, and early june. plant growth stage was documented for each forage on each harvest date, and harvested forages were evaluated for forage quality characteristics. degradation kinetics of dm and ndf for these forages were evaluated by the in situ method. fractional degradation rate ...	2000	11104269
isolation and mapping of microsatellite markers specific for the d genome of bread wheat.	the potential of aegilops tauschii, the diploid progenitor of the d genome of wheat, as a source of microsatellite markers for hexaploid bread wheat was investigated. by screening lambda phage and plasmid libraries of ae. tauschii genomic dna, dinucleotide microsatellites containing ga and gt motifs were isolated and a total of 65 functional microsatellite markers were developed. all primer pairs that were functional in ae. tauschii amplified well in hexaploid wheat. fifty-five loci amplified by ...	2000	10984182
biotype composition of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) populations from the southeastern, midwestern, and northwestern united states and virulence to resistance genes in wheat.	twenty-three hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), populations collected in the southeastern (alabama and mississippi), midwestern (indiana), and northwestern (idaho and washington) united states from 1995 to 1999 were evaluated for biotype composition based on response to hessian fly resistance genes h3, h5, h6, and h7h8 in wheat, triticum aestivum l. biotypes l and o, combined, made up at least 60% of all alabama populations. biotype l was predominant in the northern third of alabama and bi ...	2000	10985049
aluminum-induced 1-->3-beta-d-glucan inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of molecules through plasmodesmata. a new mechanism of aluminum toxicity in plants.	symplastic intercellular transport in plants is achieved by plasmodesmata (pd). these cytoplasmic channels are well known to interconnect plant cells to facilitate intercellular movement of water, nutrients, and signaling molecules including hormones. however, it is not known whether al may affect this cell-to-cell transport process, which is a critical feature for roots as organs of nutrient/water uptake. we have microinjected the dye lucifer yellow carbohydrazide into peripheral root cells of ...	2000	11080277
arabidopsis thaliana germin-like proteins: common and specific features point to a variety of functions.	germin-like proteins (glps) are ubiquitous plant proteins encoded by diverse multigene families. it is not known whether they share germin's unusual biochemical properties and oxalate oxidase activity. using specific antibodies, we have studied three glps (atger1. atger2 and atger3) in arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. as well as in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) plants overexpressing these proteins. like wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) germin, these arabidopsis glps are associated with ...	2000	10987552
[the detection of nonallelic to known genes of resistance to tilletia caries (dc) tul. in wheat strains from interspecific hybridization (triticum aestivum x aegilops cylindrica)].	it was established by hybridological analysis that winter bread wheat lines 1/74-91, 3/36-91, 5/55-91 possess single dominant gene of resistance to bunt (tilletia caries (dc) tul.), but lines 8/2-91, 5/43-91, 4/11-91 and 8/16-91 have two independent dominant genes for this character. these genes originated from aegilops cylindrica are not identical to bt1-bt17 genes and are unknown to date. the lines were obtained from crosses between winter bread wheat variety odeskaya polukarlikovaya and aegil ...	2000	11033855
grain surface-layer treatment of diatomaceous earth for insect control.	this paper describes an alternative method to synthetic insecticides used for protection of stored agricultural products the purpose of which is to minimise the everyday human exposure to those chemicals. the method uses diatomaceous earth which is practically non-toxic to humans and fully acceptable for the environment. fifty and 100-cm-deep layers of hard red spring wheat triticum aestivum (l.) in metal containers (cylinders), 30 cm in diameter and 150 cm in height were treated with 0.5 and 0. ...	2000	11059067
[the effect of the plasmon on the inheritance of resistance to septoria nodorum berk. in soft wheat].	the genetic control of resistance to septoria nodorum in common wheat line transec have been investigated. there have been concluded that high level of resistance of this line is connected with the presence in its genome of partially recessive gene which is located on wheat-rye translocation t4bs.4bl-2rl or closely linked with it. plant plasmon can have an influence on inheritance of resistance to septoria blotch in hybrid progeny.	2000	10920856
development of an efficient maintenance and screening system for large-insert genomic dna libraries of hexaploid wheat in a transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) vector.	three large-insert genomic dna libraries of common wheat, triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring, were constructed in a newly developed transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) vector, pyltac17, which accepts and maintains large genomic dna fragments stably in both escherichia coli and agrobacterium tumefaciens. the vector contains the cis sequence required for agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into grasses. the average insert sizes of the three genomic libraries were approximately ...	2000	10972894
isolation of a cdna encoding a granule-bound 152-kilodalton starch-branching enzyme in wheat.	screening of a wheat (triticum aestivum) cdna library for starch-branching enzyme i (sbei) genes combined with 5'-rapid amplification of cdna ends resulted in isolation of a 4,563-bp composite cdna, sbe1c. based on sequence alignment to characterized sbei cdna clones isolated from plants, the sbeic predicted from the cdna sequence was produced with a transit peptide directing the polypeptide into plastids. furthermore, the predicted mature form of sbeic was much larger (152 kd) than previously c ...	2000	10982440
induction of apoptosis in caco-2 cells by wheat gliadin peptides.	recent experimental evidence suggests that enterocyte apoptosis is greater than hitherto assumed and may be responsible for villous atrophy in coeliac disease. we have previously demonstrated that a small peptide (m.w. 1157.5 da), identified as the sequence h(2)n-gln-gln-pro-gln-asp-ala-val-gln-pro-phe-cooh from durum wheat gliadin, is able to prevent k 562 (s) cell agglutination induced by the peptic-tryptic digests (pt) of prolamin fractions from the cereals which are not tolerated in coeliac ...	2000	10771132
purification and some properties of catalase from wheat germ (triticum aestivum l.).	two isoforms of catalase, cat-1 and cat-2, were purified from wheat germ after extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitations, hydrophobic chromatography, and two ionic-exchange chromatographies. the global yields and the purification factors were close to 3% and 50 for cat-1 and close to 6% and 100 for cat-2. both isoforms exhibit an optimum activity at ph 7. when ph was decreased from 7 to 5.6, cat-1 showed a decreasing affinity for its substrate, whereas the opposite was found for cat-2. both is ...	2000	10775348
analogue-resistant mutants of azotobacter chroococcum derepressed for nitrogenase activity and early ammonia excretion having potential as inoculants for cereal crops.	spontaneous mutants resistant to methionine sulfoximine (msx), methyl alanine (mal) and methyl ammonium chloride (mac) were derived from a. chroococcum strain a103. msx and mal-resistant mutants expressed 1.73 to 10.98% of the fully derepressed nitrogenase activity when grown in burk's medium containing ammonium acetate. mac-resistant mutants did not express nitrogenase activity in ammonium acetate supplemented medium. the mutants excreted ammonia even after 2 days of growth and some mutants exc ...	2000	11218815
occurrence of fusarium species and mycotoxins in nepalese maize and wheat and the effect of traditional processing methods on mycotoxin levels.	maize (zea mays) and wheat (triticum aestivum) collected in the foothills of the nepal himalaya mountains were analyzed for fusarium species and mycotoxins: fumonisins, nivalenol (niv), and deoxynivalenol (don). predominant species were gibberella fujikuroi mating population a (f. moniliforme) in maize and f. graminearum in maize and wheat; g. fujikuroi mating population d (f. proliferatum), f. acuminatum, f. avenaceum, f. chlamydosporum, f. equiseti, f. oxysporum, f. semitectum, and f. torulosu ...	2000	10775401
development of a pcr marker for rapid identification of the bt-10 gene for common bunt resistance in wheat.	in western canada, the bt-10 resistance gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) is effective against all the known races of common bunt caused by tilletia tritici and t laevis. the genotypes of 199 f2 plants, originated from a cross between bw553 containing bt-10 and the susceptible spring wheat cultivar 'neepawa,' were established in greenhouse and field inoculation studies. a ratio of 1:2:1 resistant : heterozygous : susceptible was observed for bunt reaction, indicating that bt-10 was expressed in ...	2000	10791808
[development of tilletia caries (d.c.) tul. in callus and suspension wheat cultures].	all phases of ontogenesis of tilletia caries were found in combined suspension and callus culture of the wheat and causative agent of common bunt of wheat. newly formed spores were observed on calluses of the susceptible species triticum aestivum and resistant species t. timopheevi within 90 and 120 days after inoculation, respectively, which can be used for their production in the laboratory. on the other hand, susceptibility of the callus culture of the resistant species t. timopheevi suggests ...	2000	10868065
inhibitory serpins from wheat grain with reactive centers resembling glutamine-rich repeats of prolamin storage proteins. cloning and characterization of five major molecular forms.	genes encoding proteins of the serpin superfamily are widespread in the plant kingdom, but the properties of very few plant serpins have been studied, and physiological functions have not been elucidated. six distinct serpins have been identified in grains of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by partial purification and amino acid sequencing. the reactive centers of all but one of the serpins resemble the glutamine-rich repetitive sequences in prolamin storage proteins of wheat grain. ...	2000	10874043
effects of competition on resistance gene polymorphism in a plant/pathogen system.	puccinia striiformis, a fungal pathogen, has been shown to cause direct, negative frequency-dependent selection on its host, wheat (triticum aestivum). this disease-induced frequency-dependent selection was not sufficient to maintain polymorphism for resistance genes in the host populations. the present study examines whether interactions between disease and competition could impact upon the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in a highly self-pollinated species such as wheat, where strong assoc ...	2000	11122417
expression of aluminum-induced genes in transgenic arabidopsis plants can ameliorate aluminum stress and/or oxidative stress.	to examine the biological role of al-stress-induced genes, nine genes derived from arabidopsis, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), and yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) were expressed in arabidopsis ecotype landsberg. lines containing eight of these genes were phenotypically normal and were tested in root elongation assays for their sensitivity to al, cd, cu, na, zn, and to oxidative stresses. an arabidopsis blue-copper-binding protein gene (atbcb), a tobacco glutathion ...	2000	10712528
structures of adenylosuccinate synthetase from triticum aestivum and arabidopsis thaliana.	catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of adenylmonophosphate, adenylosuccinate synthetase (adss) is a known target for herbicides and antibiotics. we have purified and crystallized recombinant adss from arabidopsis thaliana and tritium aestivum, expressed in escherichia coli. the structures of a. thaliana and t. aestivum adss in complex with gdp were solved at 2.9 a and 3.0 a resolution, respectively. comparison with the known structures from e. coli reveals that the overall fold is ...	2000	10669609
allelochemicals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.): variation of phenolic acids in root tissues.	analysis by gc/ms/ms showed that a worldwide collection of 58 wheat accessions differed significantly in the production of seven phenolic acids in the roots of 17-day-old wheat seedlings. the allelochemical contents among wheat accessions ranged from 24.5 to 94.5, 19.9 to 91.7, 3.7 to 15.4, 2.2 to 38.6, 1.0 to 42.2, 19.3 to 183.6, and 11.7 to 187.6 mg/kg of root dry weight for p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, cis-p-coumaric, syringic, cis-ferulic, trans-p-coumaric, and trans-ferulic acids, respective ...	2000	11087480
resistance gene analogs within an introgressed chromosomal segment derived from triticum ventricosum that confers resistance to nematode and rust pathogens in wheat.	a resistance (r) gene-rich 2s chromosomal segment from triticum ventricosum contains a cereal cyst nematode (ccn; heterodera avenae) r gene locus crex and a closely linked group of genes (sr38, yr17, and lr37) that confer resistance to stem rust (puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici), stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici), and leaf rust (p. recondita f. sp. tritici) when introgressed into wheat. the 2s chromosomal segment from t. ventricosum is further delineated in translocations onto chromos ...	2000	10707359
the relationship between high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition and the quality of japanese hexaploid wheat lines.	to reveal the high-molecular-weight (1-1mw) glutenin subunit composition, the seed storage proteins of 40 japanese wheat (triticum aestivum) lines were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine their hmw glutenin subunit composition. these were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with that previously found in hexaploid wheat. twelve different, major glutenin hmw subunits were identified. each line contained three to five subunits, and 11 dif ...	2000	11032477
effect of supplements on growth and forage intake by stocker steers grazing wheat pasture.	this experiment was conducted with stocker steers to determine the effects of supplementary fiber and grain on ruminal acid concentrations and om intake following abrupt dietary change to lush, primary-growth wheat (triticum aestivum) pasture and to measure the effects of those supplements on weight gain at different levels of herbage mass (hm). each of four irrigated wheat pastures (2.4, 3.6, 4.9, and 6.1 ha) was stocked with nine angus crossbred steers (mean = 189 kg). in each pasture, three s ...	2000	10875646
epidemiology of wheat leaf and stem rust in the central great plains of the usa.	wheat (triticum aestivum l) is grown throughout the grasslands from southern mexico into the prairie provinces of canada, a distance of nearly 4200 km. the total area seeded to wheat varies considerably each year; however, from 28 to 32 million ha are planted in the great plains of the united states alone. generally in the central great plains, an area from central texas through central nebraska, 15 million ha are seeded to winter wheat each year. a wide range of environmental conditions exist t ...	2000	11701852
identification of rapd markers tightly linked to wheat powdery mildew resistance gene pm6.l.	pm6 transferred from triticum timopheevii l. to common wheat, is an effective resistance gene to powdery mildew disease caused by erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. the rapd technique, employing a total of 700 decamer primers, was used to identify polymorphic markers between resistant (igvi463) and susceptible (prins) near-isogenic lines. primer opv20 produced a 2,000 base pair (bp) reproducible fragment only in the resistant near-isogenic line. the 2,000-bp dna fragment was present in all other ...	2000	11209699
decreased levels of heat shock proteins in gut epithelial cells after exposure to plant lectins.	the enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium are regularly exposed to potentially harmful substances of dietary origin, such as lectins. expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) by this epithelium may be part of a protective mechanism developed by intestinal epithelial cells to deal with noxious components in the intestinal lumen.	2000	10764712
peptide mapping and characterisation of glycation patterns of the glima 38 antigen recognised by autoantibodies in type i diabetic patients.	glima 38 is an n-glycated neuroendocrine membrane protein of m(r) 38,000, which is recognised by autoantibodies in approximately 20% of patients with type i (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. the aim of this study was to characterise the carbohydrate moiety and generate peptide maps of glima 38.	2000	10855535
chromosomal location of powdery mildew resistance genes and cytogenetic analysis of meiosis in common wheat cultivar meri.	common wheat cv. meri was crossed to a set of 21 chinese spring monosomic lines to characterize resistance to powdery mildew and to determine the chromosomal location of the gene(s). monosomic f1 plants were allowed to self-pollinate and to produce f2 seeds. seedlings of f2 and f3 plants and their parents were inoculated with isolates ns 2 and 9 of erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici. analysis of obtained data revealed that one major dominant gene conferring resistance is located on chromosome 1b o ...	2000	10857256
detection of qtls for heading time and photoperiod response in wheat using a doubled-haploid population.	the genetic basis of heading time in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated through the study of flowering under normal autumn sown field conditions as well as photoperiod responses under a controlled environment. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for these traits were mapped in a doubled-haploid (dh) population derived from a cross between the wheat cultivars 'courtot' and 'chinese spring'. a molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 dh lines an ...	2000	10902713
aero-allergens in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern australia based on 1000 intradermal skin tests.	to determine the most relevant aero-allergens involved in canine atopic dermatitis in southeastern australia and provide information about these aero-allergens to the general practitioner.	2000	10920777
complex formation between potyvirus vpg and translation eukaryotic initiation factor 4e correlates with virus infectivity.	the interaction between the viral protein linked to the genome (vpg) of turnip mosaic potyvirus (tumv) and the translation eukaryotic initiation factor eif(iso)4e of arabidopsis thaliana has previously been reported. eif(iso)4e binds the cap structure (m(7)gpppn, where n is any nucleotide) of mrnas and has an important role in the regulation in the initiation of translation. in the present study, it was shown that not only did vpg bind eif(iso)4e but it also interacted with the eif4e isomer of a ...	2000	10933678
intercodon dinucleotides affect codon choice in plant genes.	in this work, 710 cdss corresponding to over 290 000 codons equally distributed between brassica napus, arabidopsis thaliana, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, pisum sativum, glycine max, oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare and zea mays were considered. for each amino acid, synonymous codon choice was determined in the presence of a, g, c or t as the initial nucleotide of the subsequent triplet; data were statistically analysed under the hypothesis of an independent assort ...	2000	10954603
starch-branching enzymes preferentially associated with a-type starch granules in wheat endosperm.	two starch granule-bound proteins (sgp), sgp-140 and sgp-145, were preferentially associated with a-type starch granules (>10 microm) in developing and mature wheat (triticum aestivum) kernels. immunoblotting and n-terminal sequencing suggested that the two proteins were different variants of sbeic, a 152-kd isoform of wheat starch-branching enzyme. both sgp-140 and sgp-145 were localized to the endosperm starch granules but were not found in the endosperm soluble fraction or pericarp starch gra ...	2000	10982441
interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was grown from seedling emergence to maturity (129 days) in chambers simulating the physical climate and ozone pollution of a field site in northern germany from 1 april to 31 july with a mean 1-h daily maximum of 61.5-62.4 nl l(-1) ozone compared to a constant low level of 21.5-22.8 nl l(-1) ozone. the two ozone levels were combined with either a current (374.1-380.2 microl l(-1)) or enriched (610.6-615.0 microl l(-1)) co(2) atmosphere. additionally ...	2000	15092930
natural and synthetic podolactones with potential use as natural herbicide models.	a collection of 11 natural and synthetic podolactones have been tested as allelochemicals in a range between 10(-4) and 10(-9) m, and their potential use as natural herbicide models is discussed. their effects on the germination and growth of the dicots lactuca sativa (cv. nigra and cv. roman), lepidium sativum, and lycopersicon esculentum and the monocots allium cepa, hordeum vulgare, and triticum aestivum as standard target species have been studied. an important inhibitory effect on the germi ...	2000	10898656
assortment of the plants in the medieval diet in czech countries (based on archaeobotanical finds).	the finds of remains of useful plants in archaeological objects were drawing attention already in the last century. however, it was not until after the world war ii, in relation with renovation of historical cores of the towns, when a separate branch of the botany--archaeobotany constituted. in the czech republic it was e. opravil who was the first to become engaged in a systematic archaeobotanical research at the beginning of the 60's. all the vegetal remains--fruits and seeds on the first plac ...	2000	15828207
antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions.	the purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant properties of water and 80% methanolic extracts of cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. almari and cv. henika, barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cv. gregor and cv. mobek, rye (secale cereale l.) cv. dańkowskie zlote, oat (avena sativa l.) cv. slawko and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) cv. kora were used. pc (l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine) liposome system and spectrophotometric assay of ...	2000	10888490
the blast algorithms: practical application in molecular cloning, marker-assisted selection (mas) and introgression of wheat.	blast (basic local alignment search) analyses of hordeum chilense rapd markers have shown dna sequence similarities with several plant genes. biologically significant hits were scored for: plastocianin (hordeum vulgare), alpha-gliadin (triticum aestivum), grandel-6 retrotransposon (zea diploperennis), retrofit (gag/pol) copia-like, transposon-like element (oryza longistaminata), copia-like retrotransposon hopscotch polyprotein (gag/pol) (zea mays) and several retrotransposons/retroelements from ...	2000	11092750
[influence of root module design on growth and development of plants].	wheat crop was grown in various root modules (rm) in which nutritional solution was injected through porous membrane (2-6 microns). seeds were laid on the surface of membrane or in pearlite covering the membrane. root modules 1 and 3 contained ceramic porous tubes 10 mm and 22 mm in diameter, respectively. rm 2 was outfitted with a porous titanium plate, rm 4--with a porous ceramic tube (ø 10 mm) buried in pearlite, and rm 5--with a porous titanium plate under the 2.5 cm thick layer of pearlite. ...	2000	11186587
[tissue culture induced translocation conferring powdery mildew resistance between wheat and dasypyrum villosum and its marker-assisted selection].	glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got) electrophoretic analyses were performed in 175 regenerants arising from immature embryos of crosses between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and 6d/6v substitution stocks. the got-v2 coding specific enzyme band was absent in two regenerants, designated 98r149 and 98r159 respectively, originated from cross of yi 4095 and 6d/6v substitution stock c.v. rw15. pm21 gene linked scars (sequence characterized amplified regions) analysis indicated that 6vs chromosome ...	2000	11051721
cdna cloning, biochemical characterization and inhibition by plant inhibitors of the alpha-amylases of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera.	we report the characterization and cdna cloning of two alpha-amylase isozymes from larvae of the western corn rootworm (diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte). larvae raised on artificial media have very low levels of amylase activity, and much higher levels are found in larvae raised on maize seedlings. at ph 5.7, the optimum ph for enzyme activity, the alpha-amylases are substantially but not completely inhibited by amylase inhibitors from the common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and from wheat ( ...	2000	10899464
identification of 4-o-5'-coupled diferulic acid from insoluble cereal fiber.	the extracts of saponified cereal fibers of whole grains of corn (zea mays cv. microsperma koern.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using gas-liquid chromatography (glc) with mass spectrometric detection (glc-ms) and flame ionization detection (glc-fid). in addition to the 8,5'-, 8, 8'-, 5,5'-, and 8-o-4'-coupled diferulic acids previously identified from other plant materials the 4-o-5'-coup ...	2000	10956086
phenological weighting of ozone exposures in the calculation of critical levels for wheat, bean and plantain.	this paper presents phenological weighting factors to be applied to aot40 (accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 nl l(-1)) ozone exposure-response relationships for crops at different growth stages. the quantification of such factors represents a step-forward in the derivation of level ii critical levels for ozone. the weighting factors presented are derived from published literature on the sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and plantain (plantago ma ...	2000	15092885
selenium-enriched sprouts. a raw material for fortified cereal-based diets.	the selenium supply in almost all european countries, including austria and germany, is below the recommended daily intake. in these countries, selenium fortification of foods and the use of selenium supplements are quite popular to compensate for low se intake from diets. in general, wheat (triticum aestivum) is known to be a good source for bioavailable selenium, and many studies have been performed to enrich selenium in wheat by selenium fertilization of the soil. in the present work, the pro ...	2000	11087486
cell cycle synchronization in plant root meristems.	the analysis of structure and metabolism of a cell at a defined phase of cell cycle is often difficult because cell cycle progression in somatic tissues is asynchronous and only a fraction of cells are cycling. an elegant solution to obtain populations of cells enriched for single stage of the cell cycle is to impose the synchrony artificially. different systems have been used to obtain synchronized populations of plant cells, including suspension-cultured cells, leaf mesophyll protoplasts and r ...	1999	10728642
osmotic water permeability of isolated protoplasts. modifications during development	a transference chamber was developed to measure the osmotic water permeability coefficient (pos) in protoplasts 40 to 120 μm in diameter. the protoplast was held by a micropipette and submitted to a steep osmotic gradient created in the transference chamber. pos was derived from the changes in protoplast dimensions, as measured using a light microscope. permeabilities were in the range 1 to 1000 μm s-1 for the various types of protoplasts tested. the precision for pos was </=40%, and within this ...	1999	10069827
soil-based phytotoxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) to terrestrial higher plants	seed germination and early stage seedling growth tests were conducted to determine the ecotoxicological threshold of 2,4, 6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) in two soils of different properties. soils were amended up to 1,600 mg tnt kg-1 soil and four representative species of higher plants, two dicotyledons (lepidium sativum l., common name: cress; and brassica rapa metzg., turnip) and two monocotyledons (acena sativa l., oat; and triticum aestivum l., wheat), were assessed. cumulative seed germination an ...	1999	9888960
is 2,3-butanedione monoxime an effective inhibitor of myosin-based activities in plant cells?	the effectiveness of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (bdm) as an inhibitor of plant myosins has been investigated. three myosin-dependent motility phenomena in plants, namely cytoplasmic streaming in chara corallina, light-dependent chloroplast repositioning in elodea sp., and brefeldin a(bfa)-induced golgi membrane dynamics in wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. kite) root-tip cells were investigated. all three processes were inhibited by the sulfhydryl-modifying agent n-ethylmalemide (nem), indicating th ...	1999	18987800
inhibition and acclimation of photosynthesis to heat stress is closely correlated with activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase	increasing the leaf temperature of intact cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants caused a progressive decline in the light-saturated co2-exchange rate (cer). cer was more sensitive to increased leaf temperature in wheat than in cotton, and both species demonstrated photosynthetic acclimation when leaf temperature was increased gradually. inhibition of cer was not a consequence of stomatal closure, as indicated by a positive relationship between leaf temperature an ...	1999	10318695
damage and reproduction potentials of heterodera avenae on wheat under outdoor conditions.	two pot experiments, in consecutive years, were conducted under outdoor conditions during the wheat growing season to examine the relationship between increasing initial population densities (pi: 0-3,000 cysts/pot) of heterodera avenae and corresponding responses of wheat cv. yecora rojo. results of both experiments were very similar. the nematode suppressed plant height, root and biomass dry weights, and grain yield at all pi's studied. the suppression of these parameters, as well as the final ...	1999	19270933
bioactive antinutritional peptides derived from cereal prolamins: a review.	alcohol-soluble endosperm proteins (prolamins) from some cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, and rye) give origin upon proteolytic digestion to biologically-active antinutritional peptides able to adversely affect in vivo the intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients, whereas prolamins from other cereals (e.g. maize and rice) do not. these antinutritional peptides are also able to: (a) prevent in vitro recovery of atrophic coeliac mucosa; (b) to inhibit differentiation of isolated rat fetal and chick fetal ...	1999	10399351
the localization and expression of the class ii starch synthases of wheat.	the starch granules of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) contain a group of three proteins known as sgp-1 (starch granule protein-1) proteins, which have apparent molecular masses of 100, 108, and 115 kd. the nature and role of these proteins has not been defined previously. we demonstrate that these polypeptides are starch synthases that are present in both the starch granule and the soluble fraction at the early stages of wheat endosperm development, but that are exclusively granule bound at ...	1999	10444098
cytokinins in tobacco and wheat chloroplasts. occurrence and changes due to light/dark treatment.	although cytokinins (cks) affect a number of processes connected with chloroplasts, it has never been rigorously proven that chloroplasts contain cks. we isolated intact chloroplasts from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv sr1) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv ritmo) leaves and determined their cks by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. chloroplasts from both species contained a whole spectrum of cks, including free bases (zeatin and isopentenyladenine), ribosides (zeatin riboside, a ...	1999	10482680
detoxication of phenol in annual plant seedlings.	transformation of phenol (14c6h5oh) penetrating through the roots of mung bean (phaseolus aureus) and wheat (triticum vulgare) sterile seedlings has been studied. phenol was coupled to low-molecular-weight peptides, producing phenol-peptide conjugates. hydrolytic cleavage of the conjugates liberated initial labeled phenol and some unlabeled amino acids. phenol- glutathione and phenol-homoglutathione were not found among the peptide conjugates. it is suggested that the conjugation is carried out ...	1999	10051359
ecological intensification of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), and maize (zea mays l.) provide about two-thirds of all energy in human diets, and four major cropping systems in which these cereals are grown represent the foundation of human food supply. yield per unit time and land has increased markedly during the past 30 years in these systems, a result of intensified crop management involving improved germplasm, greater inputs of fertilizer, production of two or more crops per year on the same piece o ...	1999	10339523
a novel class of protein from wheat which inhibits xylanases.	we have purified a novel class of protein that can inhibit the activity of endo-beta-1,4-xylanases. the inhibitor from wheat (triticum aestivum, var. soisson) is a glycosylated, monomeric, basic protein with a pi of 8.7-8.9, a molecular mass of 29 kda and a unique n-terminal sequence of aggktgqvtvfwgrn. we have shown that the protein can inhibit the activity of two family-11 endo-beta-1, 4-xylanases, a recombinant enzyme from aspergillus niger and an enzyme from trichoderma viride. the inhibitor ...	1999	10024521
identification of alleles for complex gene loci glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1, which code for high molecular weight subunits of glutenin in japanese hexaploid wheat varieties.	seed storage proteins of japanese wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties were fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to identify the alleles for complex gene loci, glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1, which code for high molecular weight (hmw) subunits of glutenin in japanese hexaploid wheat varieties. these were identified by comparison of subunit mobility with those previously found in hexaploid wheat. twenty-four different, major glutenin hmw subunits were identified, a ...	1999	10606608
cloning and expression of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phosphatidylserine synthase cdna. overexpression in plants alters the composition of phospholipids.	we describe the cloning of a wheat cdna (tapss1) that encodes a phosphatidylserine synthase (pss) and provides the first strong evidence for the existence of this enzyme in a higher eukaryotic cell. the cdna was isolated on its ability to confer increased resistance to aluminum toxicity when expressed in yeast. the sequence of the predicted protein encoded by tapss1 shows homology to pss from both yeast and bacteria but is distinct from the animal pss enzymes that catalyze base-exchange reaction ...	1999	10066765
a novel histone variant localized in nucleoli of higher plant cells.	immunofluorescence staining with antisera raised against p35, a basic nuclear protein that accumulates in the pollen nuclei of lilium longiflorum, specifically stained the nucleoli in interphase nuclei of somatic tissues, including root and leaf, and in pachytene nuclei during meiotic division, whereas antisera raised against histone h1 uniformly stained the entire chromatin domain with the exception of the nucleoli in these nuclei. further, p35-specific antisera stained the nucleoli in root and ...	1999	10398848
determination of the chromium content of hungarian winter wheat.	bread and different winter wheat (triticum aestivum) products are the main sources of chromium in the human diet in hungary. graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gf-aas) is able to give reliable results for cr. in this study the chromium content of some winter wheat species was determined after wet digestion. contamination was the most critical part of chromium measurement; thus, appropriate sample preparation and the cleaning of kernels before digestion were required. the chromium c ...	1999	10552559
extraction and use of nutrients from composted wheat and potato plants.	human survival on extended-duration space missions will require reliable regenerative life support systems. biological systems using higher plants could be incorporated into life support systems; however, substantial quantities of inedible crop residues will also be produced. composting can reduce the volume of crop residues and provide an end product that may be leached to remove soluble nutrients for use in hydroponic plant growth systems. solubilization can be affected by physical conditions; ...	1999	11542243
field survey of cd and pb contents in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain grown in baiyin city, gansu province, people's republic of china.		1999	10501735
cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding catalase in wheat.	we determined the nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding the catalase (cat) isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the deduced amino acid sequence suggests that this wheat catalase isozyme shared higher amino acid homology with group i cats of barley cat-1, rice cat b and maize cat-1 and cat-2 but lower homology with group ii cats of barley cat-2, rice cat a and maize cat-3. both group i and ii specific sequences of ser-arg-leu and ser-ser-ser, respectively considered as peroxisomal targeti ...	1999	10565542
chromosomal location and genetic mapping of the mismatch repair gene homologs msh2, msh3, and msh6 in rye and wheat	the efficiency of homeologous recombination is influenced by mismatch repair genes in bacteria, yeast, and mammals. to elucidate a possible role of these genes in homeologous pairing and cross-compatibility in plants, gene probes of wheat (triticum aestivum) specific for the mismatch repair gene homologues msh2, msh3, and msh6 were used to map them to their genomic positions in rye (secale cereale). whereas msh2 was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 1r, msh3 was mapped to the long arm of chr ...	1999	10659795
[detection of alien chromatins introgressed into wheat in mitotic interphase] [in process citation]	fluorescent in situ hybridization of biotin labelled total genomic dna from alien species as probes was applied to illustrate chromatin behaviors of secale cereale l., thinopyrum intermedium host., avana fatua l., and dasypyrum villosum (l.) candagy introgressed into wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in interphase cells. a pair of 1rs chromosome arms in 1bl/1rs translocations were visible as discrete domains traversing through the interphase nucleolus. the substitution and addition 1r chromosomes as ...	1999	10876668
sucrose and cytokinin modulation of wpk4, a gene encoding a snf1-related protein kinase from wheat.	wpk4, a gene encoding a putative protein kinase, was initially identified in wheat (triticum aestivum) and shown to be up-regulated by light, nutrient deprivation, and cytokinins. to confirm that wpk4 has protein kinase activity, the protein was produced in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase. the purified protein exhibited autophosphorylation activity and phosphorylated both myelin basic protein and a peptide fragment of rice 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a ...	1999	10557229
[rapd method for the identification of intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrid plants of wheat].	randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method was used to identify the hybrid nature of three kinds of intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrid plants of wheat: wheat (triticum aestivum) + haynaldia villosa, wheat + leymus chinensis and wheat + agropyron elongatum. it was shown from the electrophoresis profiles that the genome of somatic hybrid plants contained specific section genome of both parents after dna amplification with arbitrary primers. a specific rapd product (dna fragment of 0.77 k ...	1999	12548808
genetic analysis of sensitivity to a pyrenophora tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin in durum and common wheat.	abstract the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis produces a toxin (ptr toxa) that causes rapid cell necrosis in sensitive wheat genotypes. a single recessive gene (tsn1) on chromosome 5bl in common wheat confers insensitivity to this toxin. our objectives were to analyze the allelic relationships of genotypes that have shown insensitivity to a p. tritici-repentis necrosis-inducing toxin, map the gene for insensitivity to the necrosis-inducing factor produced by p. tritici-repentis in a durum whe ...	1999	18944773
survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994.	previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ...	1999	19270925
the interaction between cold and light controls the expression of the cold-regulated barley gene cor14b and the accumulation of the corresponding protein.	we report the expression of the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) cor (cold-regulated) gene cor14b (formerly pt59) and the accumulation of its chloroplast-localized protein product. a polyclonal antibody raised against the cor14b-encoded protein detected two chloroplast cor proteins: cor14a and cor14b. n-terminal sequencing of cor14a and expression of cor14b in arabidopsis plants showed that cor14a is not encoded by the cor14b sequence, but it shared homology with the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wcs1 ...	1999	9952464
mobilization of trivalent chromium in presence of organic acids: a hydroponic study of wheat plant (triticum vulgare).		1999	10501732
phylogeny and transpositional activity of ty1-copia group retrotransposons in cereal genomes.	the ty1-copia group retrotransposon populations of barley (hordeum vulgare) and bread wheat (triticum aestivum) have been characterised by degenerate pcr and sequence analysis of fragments of the reverse transcriptase genes. the barley population is comprised of a highly heterogeneous set of retrotransposons, together with a collection of sequences that are closely related to the bare-1 element. wheat also contains a highly diverse ty1-copia retrotransposon population, together with a less promi ...	1999	10485278
inhibition of water channels by hgcl2 in intact wheat root cells	to assess the extent of water flow through channels in the membranes of intact higher plant cells, the effects of hgcl2 on hydraulic conductivity (lp) of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) root cells were investigated using a pressure probe. the lp of root cells was reduced by 75% in the presence of 100 &mgr;m hgcl2. the k+-channel blocker tetraethylammonium had no effect on the lp at concentrations that normally block k+ channels. hgcl2 rapidly depolarized the membrane potential (vm) of the root cell ...	1999	10398721
evaluation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phenolic acids during grain development and their contribution to fusarium resistance.	the phenolic acid profiles of six cultivars of wheat with known tolerance to fusarium head blight were evaluated during plant development from anthesis through maturity. analysis by hplc of grain at anthesis revealed that p-coumaric and ferulic acid were the two principal phenolic compounds present. the effect of these two phenolic acids on fusarium species was evaluated in vitro. both phenolic acids demonstrated significant reductions (p < 0.05) of fusarium species growth at all concentrations ...	1999	10564002
distribution and structural variation of arabinoxylans in common wheat mill streams.	in 19 wheat-milling fractions total pentosan content, calculated as 0.88 x (% l-arabinose + % d-xylose), varied between 1.44 and 30.66% on dry matter (dm). it increased with ash content once the latter exceeded 0.6% (dm basis). water-extractable arabinoxylans were recovered by saturating water extracts to 65% ethanol. their contents in the milling fractions varied between 0.35 and 1.38%, and above 0.6% ash content also increased with this parameter. their l-arabinose-to-d-xylose ratios ranged be ...	1999	10563884
[the influence of the water potential in the root-habitable area on the efficiency of the higher-order plants].	in a set of 8 experiments, in leaf mustard brassica junceae l. (cult. volnushka) and in soft wheat triticum aestivum l. (cult. super dwarf) there has been studied dynamics of accumulating biomass in the ontogenesis in accordance with the value of water potential in the root-habitable medium. besides, in wheat there has been investigated the process of forming the grain crop capacity in a period between v and xii stages of the organogenesis from kuperman's classification. the plants have been gro ...	1999	10399556
isolation and characterization of the three waxy genes encoding the granule-bound starch synthase in hexaploid wheat.	complete genomic dna sequences of three homoeologous waxy structural genes, located on the chromosomes 7a, 4a, and 7d in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chinese spring), were separately determined and analyzed. those structural genes in lengths from start to stop codon were 2781bp in wx-7a, 2794bp in wx-4a, and 2862bp in wx-7d, each of which consisted of 11 exons and ten introns. they were closely similar to one another in the nucleotide sequences, with 95.6-96.3% homology in mature pr ...	1999	10393240
cloning of a wheat puroindoline gene promoter by ipcr and analysis of promoter regions required for tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice seeds.	a genomic dna fragment containing the 5'-upstream sequence and part of the open reading frame corresponding to triticum aestivum puroindoline-b cdna, was isolated by inverse pcr. promoter fragments extending to -1068, -388, -210 or -124 upstream of the translation initiation atg codon and the sequence coding for the first 13 amino acids of the puroindoline-b, were translationally fused to the uida reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase and transferred to rice calli via particle bombardment-me ...	1999	10380798
pre-anthesis reserve utilization for protein and carbohydrate synthesis in grains of wheat.	we assessed the contribution of pre-anthesis reserve c to protein and carbohydrate deposition in grains of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using a new approach comprised of steady-state (13)c/(12)c labeling and separation of the protein and carbohydrate fractions of mature grains. experiments were performed with two spring wheat cultivars (kadett and star) grown with differential n fertilizer supply over 2 years. pre-anthesis reserves contributed between 30% and 47% of the c in protein and 8% to 27 ...	1999	10557235
the role of photosynthetic electron transport in the oxidative degradation of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase	the stability of chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) was investigated under photooxidative stress using wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves, chloroplasts, and chloroplast lysates. illuminated seedlings sprayed with the superoxide radical (o-(2)) propagator methyl viologen showed rapid gs decline dependent on mv concentration and exposure time. degradation products of approximately 39 and 31 kd were detected when chloroplast lysates containing both stroma and thylakoids were illum ...	1999	10517838
identification of wheat and tritordeum chromosomes by genomic in situ hybridization using total hordeum chilense dna as probe	total genomic hordeum chilense dna probe was hybridized to somatic chromosome spreads of triticum aestivum 'chinese spring' and to four advanced tritordeum lines, the latter being the fertile amphiploid between h. chilense and durum wheat (2n = 6x = 42, aabbh(ch)h(ch)). the probe hybridized strongly to the b-genome chromosomes and to one or two bands on the a-genome chromosomes present in both wheat and tritordeum alloploids. bands on chromosomes 1d, 2d, and 7d from hexaploid wheat were also det ...	1999	10659787