Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| stable and consistent genetic profile of oka varicella vaccine virus is not linked with appearance of infrequent breakthrough cases postvaccination. | 2005 | 16208038 | |
| review of the varilrix varicella vaccine. | varicella zoster virus causes an acute infection that affects most children globally, but the age of infection can be greater in residents of tropical areas. it has generally been considered a mild disease, although there are accumulating data to show that it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompetent as well as immunocompromised children and adults. oka-strain live attenuated varicella vaccines were developed in the 1970s. varilrix developed by glaxosmithkline biologicals ... | 2005 | 16221065 |
| [parainfectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome secondary to varicella-zoster virus infection]. | 2005 | 16224740 | |
| the role of cd4 and cd8 cytotoxic t lymphocytes in the formation of viral vesicles. | herpetic vesicles caused by herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus, and hydroa vacciniforme (hv) are characterized by umbilicated vesicule formation. | 2005 | 16225610 |
| (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu). | (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu, brivudin, zostex, zerpex, zonavir), now more than 20 years after its discovery, still stands out as a highly potent and selective inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections. it has been used in the topical treatment of herpetic keratitis and recurrent herpes labialis and the systemic (oral) treatment of herpes zoster (zona, shingles). the high selectivity of bvdu towards hsv-1 and vzv depends primarily ... | 2005 | 15389733 |
| incorporation of three endocytosed varicella-zoster virus glycoproteins, ge, gh, and gb, into the virion envelope. | the cytoplasmic tails of all three major varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoproteins, ge, gh, and gb, harbor functional tyrosine-based endocytosis motifs that mediate internalization. the aim of the present study was to examine whether endocytosis from the plasma membrane is a cellular route by which vzv glycoproteins are delivered to the final envelopment compartment. in this study, we demonstrated that internalization of the glycoproteins occurred in the first 24 h postinfection but was reduced ... | 2005 | 15613328 |
| developments in antiviral drug design, discovery and development in 2004. | this article summarizes key aspects of progress made during 2004 toward the design, discovery and development of antiviral agents for clinical use. important developments in the identification, characterization and clinical utility of inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus; the hepatitis viruses, hepatitis b, hepatitis c; the herpes family of viruses, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, epstein-barr virus and human cytomegalovirus; the respiratory viruses, influenza, resp ... | 2005 | 16535860 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus in england and wales in children and young adults. | this is the first large-scale study to investigate the seroprevalence of varicella zoster (vzv) in the general population of england and wales. the study focused on those aged 1-20 years, that age group in whom most infections occur. prevalence rose rapidly with age, with 53% of children showing evidence of prior infection by the age of 5 years and most young adults having experienced infection. in addition to using a fixed cut-off recommended by the manufacturer, a mixture modelling technique w ... | 2004 | 15635971 |
| the immediate-early 63 protein of varicella-zoster virus: analysis of functional domains required for replication in vitro and for t-cell and skin tropism in the scidhu model in vivo. | the immediate-early 63-kda (ie63) protein of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a phosphoprotein encoded by open reading frame (orf) orf63/orf70. to identify functional domains, 22 orf63 mutations were evaluated for effects on ie63 binding to the major vzv transactivator, ie62, and on ie63 phosphorylation and nuclear localization in transient transfections, and after insertion into the viral genome with vzv cosmids. the ie62 binding site was mapped to ie63 amino acids 55 to 67, with r59/l60 being c ... | 2004 | 14722273 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of (z)- and (e)-2,2-[bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropylidene]methylpurines and -pyrimidines: second-generation methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides. | the second generation of methylenecyclopropane analogues of nucleosides 5a-5i and 6a-6i was synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity. the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)methylenecyclopropane (11) was converted to dibromo derivative 7 via acetate 12. alkylation-elimination of adenine (16) with 7 afforded the z/e mixture of acetates 17 + 18, which was deacetylated to give analogues 5a and 6a separated by chromatography. a similar reaction with 2-amino-6-chloropurine (19) afforded acetates 20 + 21 a ... | 2004 | 14736238 |
| detection of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. comparison of real-time pcr, nested pcr and virus isolation. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) cause a wide range of signs and symptoms, varying from trivial mucocutaneous lesions to life-threatening infections, especially in immuno-suppressed patients. since antiviral drugs are available, rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnosis of these virus infections is important. | 2004 | 14747031 |
| varicella-zoster virus transfer to skin by t cells and modulation of viral replication by epidermal cell interferon-alpha. | primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) causes the characteristic syndrome of varicella, or chickenpox. experiments in severe combined immunodeficiency mice with human skin grafts (scidhu mice) indicate that vzv infection of t cells can mediate transfer of infectious virus to skin. vzv-infected t cells reached epithelial sites of replication within 24 h after entering the circulation. memory cd4+ t cells were the predominant population recovered from skin in scidhu mice given uninfec ... | 2004 | 15452178 |
| varicella-zoster virus dna level and facial paralysis in ramsay hunt syndrome. | we have investigated whether the copy number of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in saliva correlates with the clinical symptoms in patients with ramsay hunt syndrome. a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to examine the vzv dna copy number in saliva samples from 37 patients. we detected vzv dna in 6 of the 7 patients with oropharyngeal zoster lesions (86%) and in 17 of the 30 patients who had zoster lesions only on the skin (57%). patients with oropharyngeal zoster lesio ... | 2004 | 15453526 |
| 6-azapyrimidine-2'-deoxy-4'-thionucleosides: antiviral agents against tk+ and tk- hsv and vzv strains. | the synthesis of a series of novel 1-(2-deoxy-4-thio-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-(6-azapyrimidine) nucleosides is described. x-ray crystallographic data of the thymidine derivative allowed conformational analysis, which indicated a twist (3t2) sugar conformation. hydrogen-bonded assemblies for the crystal structure were determined using platon software to allow further interpretation of the crystal packing and base interactions. the 6-azapyrimidine nucleosides described were evaluated against ... | 2004 | 15481985 |
| functions of the c-terminal domain of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e in viral replication in vitro and skin and t-cell tropism in vivo. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein e (ge) is essential for vzv replication. to further analyze the functions of ge in vzv replication, a full deletion and point mutations were made in the 62-amino-acid (aa) c-terminal domain. targeted mutations were introduced in yagl (aa 582 to 585), which mediates ge endocytosis, ayrv (aa 568 to 571), which targets ge to the trans-golgi network (tgn), and sstt, an "acid cluster" comprising a phosphorylation motif (aa 588 to 601). substitutions y582g in ... | 2004 | 15507627 |
| 5-(1-substituted) alkyl pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral (herpes) agents. | the treatment of viral diseases remains one of the major challenges to modern medicine. during the past two decades there has been increased recognition of the consequences of serious viral illnesses that are not controlled by vaccination. these illnesses include human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes viruses, and viruses that cause hepatitis. there are now eight pathogens recognized in the herpes virus family that cause infections in humans. infections by the herpes viruses are opportunisti ... | 2004 | 15544474 |
| neutralizing human antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) derived from a vzv patient recombinant antibody library. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv), the causative agent of chickenpox and herpes zoster, can be life-threatening in prematurely born children and in children with immune defects or who are under immunosuppressive treatment. therefore agents for passive immunization, such as vzv-specific immunoglobulin preparations (vzig) derived from convalescent plasma, are crucial in the prophylaxis of vzv infection. this study describes the isolation of human vzv-neutralizing recombinant antibodies. a human single- ... | 2004 | 15557222 |
| acute postoperative shingles after thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. | shingles secondary to reactivation of a previous varicella-zoster virus infection has been reported to develop within surgical wounds and after trauma. we report the case of a 17-year-old girl with history of chicken pox in childhood who had acute postoperative shingles develop along the t3-t4 dermatomes after thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis. the possible causes and precipitating factors are discussed. | 2004 | 15561060 |
| the role of the trans-golgi network in varicella zoster virus biology. | the task of assembling nascent virions presents a formidable challenge to large, enveloped dna viruses such as varicella zoster virus (vzv). after parasitising the host cell's compartmentalised biosynthetic machinery, viral constituents must be brought together in appropriate proportions for packaging and export. recent evidence places the trans-golgi network (tgn) in an orchestrating role with respect to the assembly, envelopment and egress of herpesviruses. this role accords with known functio ... | 2004 | 15583866 |
| immune deviation and ocular infections with varicella zoster virus. | since experimental, herpes simplex virus-induced acute retinal necrosis (arn) develops in mice only if the mice fail to acquire virus-specific delayed hypersensitivity (dh) and despite their production of anti-viral antibodies (i.e. acaid), i investigated whether a similar situation exists for patients with either varicella zoster virus (vzv)-induced arn or anterior uveitis caused by vzv. patients with either acute vzv-induced arn, anterior uveitis with dermatitis (herpes zoster ophthalmicus, zo ... | 2004 | 15209460 |
| in vitro delivery of novel, highly potent anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside analogues to their target site in the skin. | to determine the in-vitro dermal delivery of a new class of lipophilic, highly potent and uniquely selective anti-vzv nucleoside analogues in comparison with aciclovir. | 2004 | 15212153 |
| detection of multiple human herpes viruses by dna microarray technology. | the detailed characterization of virus dna is a challenge, and the genotyping that has been achieved to date has only been possible because researchers have sent a great deal of time and effort to do so. instead of the simultaneous detection of hundreds of viruses on a single high-density dna-chip at very high costs per chip, we present here an alternative approach using a well-designed and tailored microarray which can establish whether or not a handful of viral genes are present in a clinical ... | 2004 | 15230636 |
| an elementary school outbreak of varicella attributed to vaccine failure: policy implications. | since licensure in the united states, studies have shown that varicella vaccine's overall effectiveness ranges from 44% to 100%, with substantial protection against moderate and severe varicella; however, breakthrough illness has been documented in up to 56% of vaccinated individuals. | 2004 | 15243919 |
| infectious disease capsules: a pox on your house. | a 31-year-old, previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department with complaints of malaise, fevers, shortness of breath, a non-productive cough, and a "rash." his physical exam revealed a temperature of 100.2f, a pulse of 129 bpm, respiratory rate of 14 bpm, and blood pressure of 140/74 mm hg. he was alert, oriented, and in no distress. his oropharynx was dry, his neck was supple, and cervical lymphadenopathy was absent. he had tachycardia, bilateral wheezes, and rhonchi with p ... | 2004 | 15249783 |
| global identification of three major genotypes of varicella-zoster virus: longitudinal clustering and strategies for genotyping. | by analysis of a single, variable, and short dna sequence of 447 bp located within open reading frame 22 (orf22), we discriminated three major varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genotypes. vzv isolates from all six inhabited continents that showed nearly complete homology to orf22 of the european reference strain dumas were assigned to the european (e) genotype. all japanese isolates, defined as the japanese (j) genotype, were identical in the respective genomic region and proved the most divergent fr ... | 2004 | 15254207 |
| thiourea inhibitors of herpesviruses. part 3: inhibitors of varicella zoster virus. | the preparation of alpha-methylbenzyl thioureas and their biological activity against varicella zoster virus is described. several analogs demonstrated ic50s<0.1 microm and their sar are discussed. these compounds represent a novel class of potent and selective nonnucleoside inhibitors of varicella zoster virus. | 2004 | 15261261 |
| development of a varicella virus vaccine stabilizer containing no animal-derived component. | various stabilizers containing no animal-derived components were assessed for their efficacy in stabilizing live attenuated varicella virus under various storage temperatures. stabilizers containing carrageenan, soy protein hydrolysates, or sucrose had a satisfactory performance to maintain infectivity of the cell-free virus when compared to control stabilizer containing animal-derived gelatin/gelatin hydrolysate. | 2004 | 15269552 |
| rashes occurring after immunization with a mixture of viruses in the oka vaccine are derived from single clones of virus. | vaccination against chickenpox causes a varicella-like rash in up to 5% of healthy children and 50% of children with leukemia. the vaccine may establish latency and reactivate to cause herpes zoster, albeit more rarely than wild-type virus. all vaccine preparations are composed of a mixture of varicella-zoster virus strains that show genotypic variation at several loci. we have shown, by dna sequencing of 40 polymorphic loci, that viruses sampled from vesicles in varicella-like and herpes zoster ... | 2004 | 15272408 |
| the reading frame bplf1 of epstein-barr virus: a homologue of herpes simplex virus protein vp16. | the open reading frame bplf1 of epstein-barr virus (ebv) shows homology to the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv1) protein vp16. this protein is a structural tegument component playing a pivotal role for hsv replication as trans-activator of viral immediate-early genes. an ebv gene with a comparable function has not been described so far. however, computer analysis indicated that bplf1 may be a tegument protein homologous to vp16. this is the first report on the characterisation of the bplf1 gene, its ... | 2004 | 15284487 |
| varicella zoster virus meningitis in a previously immunized child. | we are reporting a previously well 5-year-old child with varicella-zoster meningitis who had a history of a previous immunization against varicella. this child also developed a transient sensorineural hearing loss. the child was treated with acyclovir and made a full recovery. | 2004 | 15286270 |
| [varicella-zoster virus seroprevalence in children between 0-15 years old]. | the incidence of chicken pox infections in our country is not clear since it is not an obligatory reported disease, and there is not enough seroepidemiologic studies on this subject. the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of infections caused by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), and to determine the relation of prevalence with some factors. for this purpose, 885 children ages between 0-15 years old, were investigated for the presence of vzv-igg antibodies. specific igg antibodies w ... | 2004 | 15293904 |
| screening healthcare workers for varicella-zoster virus: can we trust the history? | to determine the relationship between immunity and a history of chickenpox based on a self-administered questionnaire. | 2004 | 15301033 |
| postexposure prophylaxis against varicella-zoster virus infection among recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant: unresolved issues. | recent guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections have addressed a variety of issues germane to recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant. however, there are several issues regarding postexposure prophylaxis against varicella-zoster virus that remain unresolved. we address these questions and offer several consensus recommendations. | 2004 | 15301035 |
| concurrent reactivation of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in an immunocompetent child. | latency within the nervous system is a characteristic feature of herpesviridae infection. it is reactivated by triggering factors such as uv exposure, stress, and trauma. simultaneous reactivation of herpes simplex and herpes zoster is uncommon, however, an observation provably explained by differences in the triggering mechanism. concurrent reactivation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) is occasionally encountered in immunosuppressed patients; on the other hand, it ... | 2004 | 15308854 |
| varicella zoster virus and central nervous system syndromes. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) causes chicken pox (varicella) after which it establishes latency and can subsequently reactivate to cause herpes zoster. central nervous system (cns) complications can follow both primary infection and reactivation of vzv. the more serious manifestations arise when vzv invades the spinal cord or cerebral arteries after reactivation of the virus, causing diseases such as myelitis and focal vasculopathies. the international herpes management forum (ihmf) has developed ... | 2004 | 15319095 |
| recurrent varicella-zoster virus myelitis in an immunocompetent patient. | 2004 | 15319558 | |
| bullous herpes zoster in a child with leukemia: case report and review of the literature. | blistering disorders in childhood are usually difficult to diagnose and pose complicated management dilemmas. the incidence of herpes zoster in children with malignancy and immunodeficiency is greatly increased compared to normal children of comparable age. although herpes zoster is known to occur in children with malignancy, the bullous form of herpes zoster is rare; to the authors' knowledge, there was no previous report of this phenomenon in children in general and in children with cancer in ... | 2004 | 15342986 |
| herpes zoster after liver transplantation: incidence, risk factors, and complications. | herpes zoster is the consequence of the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster infection. immunosuppression may be a predisposing factor for herpes zoster. we have retrospectively assessed the risk of herpes zoster, the risk factors for its occurrence, and its evolution in a population of 209 consecutive liver transplant recipients. herpes zoster developed in 25 (12%) of patients. one-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year actuarial rates of herpes zoster were 3%, 10%, 14%, and 18%, respectively. in a case-cont ... | 2004 | 15350004 |
| enhancing sensitivity of human herpes virus diagnosis with dna microarrays using dendrimers. | dna microarray technology has become a promising new tool for the detection and identification of viral pathogens in human plasma and cell cultures. for exploration of this technology, we have developed dna microarrays that encode capture oligonucleotide probes for different human herpes viruses: herpes simplex virus (hsv) hsv-1, hsv-2, varicella zoster virus (vzv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), and hhv-6. the on-chip hybridization is accomplished with the pcr amplicons of the ... | 2004 | 15351231 |
| delayed facial paralysis after vestibular schwannoma surgery: role of herpes viruses reactivation--our experience in eight cases. | the objectives of this study were to study the role of herpes virus reactivation in the onset of delayed facial paralysis (dfp) occurring more than 72 hours after vestibular schwannoma (vs) surgery and to advocate specific medical management. | 2004 | 15354015 |
| cloning of the varicella-zoster virus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome in escherichia coli. | the complete genome of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) oka strain has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). following electroporation into escherichia coli (e. coli) strain dh10b, the vzv bac was stably propagated over multiple generations of its host. human embryonic lung (hel) cells transfected with vzv bac dna recovered from dh10b showed cytopathic effect (cpe), and virus spread to neighbouring cells was observed. bac vector sequences are flanked by loxp sites and, coinfect ... | 2004 | 15364458 |
| simian varicella: a model for human varicella-zoster virus infections. | simian varicella virus (svv) causes a natural varicella-like disease in nonhuman primates. epizootics of simian varicella occur sporadically in facilities housing old world monkeys. svv is antigenically and genetically related to varicella-zoster virus (vzv), the etiologic agent of varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles) in humans. the svv and vzv genomes are similar in size and structure, share 70%-75% dna homology and are co-linear with respect to gene organisation. simian varicell ... | 2004 | 15386593 |
| stress-induced subclinical reactivation of varicella zoster virus in astronauts. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) becomes latent in human ganglia after primary infection. vzv reactivation occurs primarily in elderly individuals, organ transplant recipients, and patients with cancer and aids, correlating with a specific decline in cell-mediated immunity to the virus. vzv can also reactivate after surgical stress. the unexpected occurrence of thoracic zoster 2 days before space flight in a 47-year-old healthy astronaut from a pool of 81 physically fit astronauts prompted our searc ... | 2004 | 14635028 |
| neurological infection. | 2004 | 14693102 | |
| species identification of all eight human herpesviruses with a single nested pcr assay. | there are eight currently known human herpesviruses, all of which are capable of latent persistence and reactivation following primary infection. herpesvirus induced disease is common, widespread, and associated with significant morbidity, particularly in the immunocompromised human host. current methods of herpesvirus detection include viral culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a robust pcr method based upon amplification of the highly conserved herpesvirus dna polymerase gene that is c ... | 2004 | 14715303 |
| cost containment analysis of childhood vaccination against varicella in israel. | the low cost of safe and effective vaccines prompted a cost-containment evaluation of a nationwide vaccination campaign against varicella. | 2004 | 14720487 |
| automated detection of five human herpes virus dnas by a set of lightcycler pcrs complemented with a single multiple internal control. | herpes viruses represent important causes of morbidity and mortality especially in immuno-compromised patients. to assist in rapid diagnosis real-time pcr assays have been developed for the detection of herpes virus dna in patient specimens. a recently described set of real-time pcr assays using lightcycler technology enabled parallel detection of dna from cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv), herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1/-2), and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) by using a si ... | 2004 | 14962786 |
| effectiveness over time of varicella vaccine. | reports of outbreaks of varicella in highly immunized groups have increased concern about the effectiveness of varicella vaccine. | 2004 | 14970064 |
| are enterovirus infections a co-factor in sudden hearing loss? | since viral infections are believed to be one of the causes of sudden hearing loss we have used serological assays for herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and enterovirus as well as polymerase chain reaction for enterovirus to test 55 sudden hearing loss patients for viral infections. serological screening of these patients for hsv and vzv failed to reveal significant differences between the patient group and the controls. in contrast, enterovirus sequences were detected by ... | 2004 | 14981765 |
| inactivity of the bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogues against simian varicella virus (svv) does not correlate with their substrate activity for svv-encoded thymidine kinase. | simian varicella virus (svv) and human varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are closely related viruses that share many structural and functional properties. 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives (e.g., bvdu, bvarau) and acyclic guanine nucleoside derivatives (i.e., acv and gcv) show comparable antiviral efficacy against vzv and svv in cell culture. in contrast, the novel bicyclic nucleoside analogues (bcnas) are exquisitely inhibitory to vzv (ec50 in the lower nanomolar range) but completely inacti ... | 2004 | 14985094 |
| varicella zoster antibodies in healthcare workers from two neonatal units in são paulo, brazil--assessment of a staff varicella policy. | although frequently reported in the literature, a staff varicella policy is not standard in many hospitals even in developed countries. in the present study, we assessed varicella zoster immunity in staff from two neonatal units from hospitals in são paulo, brazil. ninety-seven percent of all staff working in both units agreed to participate. a simple and cost-effective varicella policy was subsequently set up, based on costs and data from serology and a history of previous varicella infection. ... | 2004 | 15003672 |
| viral and cellular kinases are potential antiviral targets and have a central role in varicella zoster virus pathogenesis. | herpesviruses utilize viral and cellular kinases for replication, and these mediate essential functions that are important for viral pathogenesis. elucidating the roles of kinases in herpesvirus infections may highlight virus-host interactions that are possible targets for kinase inhibitors with antiviral activity. varicella zoster virus (vzv) encodes two kinases that phosphorylate viral proteins involved in regulation, assembly, and virulence. vzv infection also induces the activity of host cel ... | 2004 | 15023363 |
| discovery of a new family of inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) based upon lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine dideoxy nucleosides: action via a novel non-nucleosidic mechanism. | following our discovery of the potent anti-varicella zoster virus action of lipophilic alkyl furano pyrimidine 2'-deoxynucleosides, we now report that 2',3'-dideoxy sugar analogues are devoid of anti-vzv activity but are potent and selective inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the present compounds are active in vitro at ca. 1 microm with cytotoxicity only above 200 microm. importantly, we have discovered that the new agents do not act as nucleoside analogues, despite their nucleosidic s ... | 2004 | 15027877 |
| [congenital varicella syndrome - is it infectious?]. | a 30-year-old gravida 2 suffered from chickenpox in the 13th week of gestation. in the 38th week of gestation she delivered by caesarean section a baby with typical congenital varicella syndrome (cvs). in the serum of the newborn igg antibodies but no igm or iga antibodies were found by vzv elisa test (enzygnost behring). on the 2nd, 5th, 8th and 11th days of life, vzv dna was detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid by pcr in elevated copy numbers as well as in the fluid of skin lesions on the 3rd ... | 2004 | 15039888 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some 3'-fluoro bicyclic nucleoside analogues. | the synthesis of 3'-fluoro analogues of recently discovered highly potent anti-vzv furanopyrimidine deoxynucleosides (bcnas) is herein reported, for both the alkyl and alkylphenyl series. the compounds are tested against a range of herpes viruses and display poor activity, strongly supporting the notion of the importance of the presence of a 3'-oh for antiviral activity. | 2004 | 15043132 |
| transplacentally acquired immunoglobulin g antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella-zoster virus in preterm and full term newborns. | igg antibody values against measles, mumps, rubella and varicella-zoster virus in 71 full term and 101 preterm infants and their 152 mothers and the decay of maternally acquired antibodies during infancy were studied. both magnitude of transplacental antibody passage and cord blood antibody values correlated with gestational age. after 6 months preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation had lost maternal antibodies. | 2004 | 15071296 |
| childhood shingles. herpes zoster can occur in healthy children too. | 2004 | 15095537 | |
| varicella screening and vaccination for healthcare workers at kk women's and children's hospital. | varicella is a highly contagious disease with significant morbidity and mortality, especially in adults. it can lead to nosocomial transmission with dire consequences, especially in a healthcare facility where children and pregnant women form the majority of patients. at kk women's and children's hospital, we embarked on a programme in 2 phases, between 1997 and 1999, to screen healthcare workers (hcws) for varicella immunity and to offer varicella vaccination to those who tested negative for an ... | 2004 | 15098642 |
| bicyclic anti-vzv nucleosides: thieno analogues bearing an alkylphenyl side chain have reduced antiviral activity. | thieno analogues of the potent and selective furo-pyrimidine anti-vzv nucleoside family bearing a p-alkylphenyl side chain have been synthesised and tested for their antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus (vzv). while the alkyl chain analogues were shown to retain full antiviral activity against vzv, these new analogues did not when compared to their furo parent nucleosides. | 2004 | 15109620 |
| immunofluorescence test for sensitive detection of varicella-zoster virus-specific igg: an alternative to fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test. | a highly sensitive indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) has been developed on the basis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-infected human lung carcinoma (a549) cells and evaluated for the determination of immunity to vzv. different serum panels with negative, low, moderate or high anti-vzv igg levels detected by the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (fama) assay were investigated. as a result, the sensitivity and the specificity of ifat were 100% compared to fama test. in anti-vzv igg- ... | 2004 | 15109817 |
| herpes zoster in otherwise healthy children. | in normal infants and children, zoster can occur at any time after varicella or varicella vaccination. it is usually diagnosed clinically: a unilateral vesicular eruption following a dermatome or dermatomes. the incidence of zoster increases with age, although children who have had varicella during the first year of life (or in utero) are at increased risk of developing zoster. the incidence of zoster is less after varicella vaccination than after natural infection. zoster in children is frequen ... | 2004 | 15131470 |
| in vitro selection of drug-resistant varicella-zoster virus (vzv) mutants (oka strain): differences between acyclovir and penciclovir? | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) mutants were isolated under the pressure of different classes of antiviral compounds: (i) drugs that depend on the viral thymidine kinase (tk) for their activation, i.e. acyclovir (acv), brivudin (bvdu), penciclovir (pcv) and sorivudine (bvarau); (ii) drugs that are independent of the viral tk for their activation, i.e. 2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl (pme) derivatives of adenine (pmea, adefovir) and 2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap); and (iii) drugs that do not require any metabo ... | 2004 | 15168799 |
| varicella zoster virus: vaccination and implications in children with renal failure. | the varicella zoster virus is associated with significant disease in those with chronic kidney disease, both pre- and postrenal transplantation. with the advent of the varicella vaccine, the opportunity to prevent significant morbidity and mortality exists. despite the secondary immune defects associated with renal failure, the varicella vaccine has been demonstrated to be immunogenic, safe and efficacious in pediatric patients with kidney disease. | 2004 | 15176945 |
| complete dna sequence analyses of the first two varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein e (d150n) mutant viruses found in north america: evolution of genotypes with an accelerated cell spread phenotype. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is considered to be one of the most genetically stable of all the herpesviruses. yet two vzv strains with a d150n missense mutation within the ge glycoprotein were isolated in north america in 1998 and 2002. the mutant strains have an accelerated cell spread phenotype, which distinguishes them from all wild-type and laboratory viruses. since the vzv genome contains 70 additional open reading frames (orfs), the possibility existed that the phenotypic change was actual ... | 2004 | 15194755 |
| clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in hiv-infected versus non-hiv infected patients in benin city, nigeria. | herpes zoster is due to reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) at the sensory nerve ganglia. some reports indicate that there might be differences in the pattern of presentation of herpes zoster in hiv infected patients. the objective of this study therefore, is to compare the clinical spectrum of herpes zoster in hiv-infected versus non-hiv infected patients. | 2004 | 15730088 |
| targeted dermal delivery of highly potent anti-varicella zoster virus nucleoside analogues from saturated solutions and ethanolic oil-in-water creams. | varicella zoster virus (vzv) is responsible for causing chickenpox and shingles infections, the latter of which can lead to long-term post-herpetic neuralgia (phn), the most common complication of vzv infections. a class of anti-vzv nucleoside analogues has been synthesised that shows up to 30,000 times the potency of aciclovir in vitro. the relatively high lipophilicities exhibited by the compounds led them to be selected for dermal delivery. the aim was to assess the relative penetration and p ... | 2003 | 15203932 |
| necrotizing varicella zoster virus folliculitis. | although the usual clinical features of the varicella zoster virus (vzv)-induced lesions are readily recognized, the same virus is also responsible for a series of atypical lesions. a patient is presented with a single large infiltrated plaque on the abdomen. although histology showed a necrotizing folliculitis surrounded by a dense perifollicular inflammatory infiltrate, the clinical presentation was not suggestive of folliculitis. subtle cyto-histological clues for viral infection were suggest ... | 2003 | 14721782 |
| how reliable is the history of chickenpox? varicella serology among children up to 14 years of age. | the aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in children of northern greece and to estimate the reliability of varicella history. | 2003 | 14656418 |
| pathogenetic tropism of varicella-zoster virus to primary human hepatocytes and attenuating tropism of oka varicella vaccine strain to neonatal dermal fibroblasts. | the pathogenesis of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was characterized by the cell tropism of the original oka and attenuated oka varicella vaccine strains. among the tissue cells examined, vzv replicated best in hepatocytes and second best in lung fibroblasts. the high affinity to hepatocytes and lung fibroblasts might correlate with varicella hepatitis and pneumonia and with autopsy observations of varicella. cell tropism may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of vzv. | 2003 | 14673767 |
| relapsing-remitting, corticosteroid-sensitive, varicella zoster virus optic neuritis. | we report a 13-year-old male who presented with bilateral disc edema after a febrile illness. rapid loss of vision prompted corticosteroids treatment, which reversed the visual loss and optic disc findings. both his visual function and disc edema proved exceedingly sensitive to steroids, and he required increasingly slow and prolonged corticosteroids taper to avoid relapse over a period of 1 year. ultimately, profound visual loss was reversed three times and only after exceptionally slow steroid ... | 2003 | 14684237 |
| varicella-zoster viral meningitis mimicking lymphoma. | we report the case of a 30-year-old hiv-infected man admitted for a meningeal syndrome and a zoster rash. the csf had cytological features suggesting a primary cns lymphoma (pcnsl). the large lymphoid cells had a fine chromatin with nucleoli, a basophilic cytoplasm with azurophilic granules and high mitotic activity. several arguments demonstrated the viral origin of the meningitis: the large lymphoid cells were of t origin with no evidence of clonal tcr gamma gene rearrangement. the pcr was pos ... | 2003 | 14692535 |
| identification of small molecule compounds that selectively inhibit varicella-zoster virus replication. | a series of nonnucleoside, n-alpha-methylbenzyl-n'-arylthiourea analogs were identified which demonstrated selective activity against varicella-zoster virus (vzv) but were inactive against other human herpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus. representative compounds had potent activity against vzv early-passage clinical isolates and an acyclovir-resistant isolate. resistant viruses generated against one inhibitor were also resistant to other compounds in the series, suggesting that this gr ... | 2003 | 12551972 |
| vaccination of autologous stem cell transplant recipients with live varicella vaccine: a pilot study. | a pilot study of vaccination with live, attenuated varicella vaccine for prevention of zoster was performed in autologous stem cell transplant (sct) recipients. nine patients were vaccinated between 3-4 months after transplantation. the antigen-specific immune response was studied by lymphocyte proliferation. no systemic side effects were seen. one of nine patients developed herpes zoster hz during follow-up. there was a tendency for a strengthened specific immune response after sct ( p=0.12). t ... | 2003 | 13680325 |
| the out of africa model of varicella-zoster virus evolution: single nucleotide polymorphisms and private alleles distinguish asian clades from european/north american clades. | until 1998, varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was generally considered sufficiently stable to allow the use of a single sequenced virus (vzv-dumas) as a consensual representation of the world vzv genotype. but recent investigations have uncovered a ge mutant virus called vzv-msp with a second genotype and a distinguishable accelerated cell spread phenotype. a subsequent study suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) could be applied toward the genetic analysis of the vzv genome. to furth ... | 2003 | 12559782 |
| diagnosing herpesvirus infections by real-time amplification and rapid culture. | procedures using real-time technique were developed to demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2, varicella zoster virus (vzv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) in miscellaneous clinical specimens. the assays were compared to rapid culture using centrifugation followed by detection with monoclonal antibodies. a total of 711 consecutive samples were collected from different patient groups. throat swabs were obtained from transplant patients; dermal or oral specimens were ... | 2003 | 12574249 |
| a case of acute dacryoadenitis associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. | acute dacryoadenitis is an uncommon disease. | 2003 | 12586188 |
| neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: changes in prevalence and diagnostic utility of polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. | neurological complications caused by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) were diagnosed in 13 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients in our hospital. there was a favorable influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in the prevalence of these disorders among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients: since 1996, only 1 of 961 aids patients had vzv neurological disease, compared to 9 of 1088 patients before that year (p =.02). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detected ... | 2003 | 12587077 |
| a qualitative analysis of a model for the transmission of varicella-zoster virus. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is a herpesvirus which is the known agent for causing varicella (chickenpox) in its initial manifestation and zoster (shingles) in a reactivated state. the standard seir compartmental model is modified to include the cycle of shingles acquisition, recovery, and possible reacquisition. the basic reproduction number r(0) shows the influence of the zoster cycle and how shingles can be important in maintaining vzv in populations. the model has the typical threshold behav ... | 2003 | 12591619 |
| [contribution of the laboratory in case of resistance to acyclovir of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus]. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) are susceptible to acyclovir which inhibits viral replication through two viral enzymes, thymidine kinase (tk) and dna polymerase. resistance may occur, it is a rare phenomenon among immunocompetent patients but resistance is more frequent and may be associated with serious complications among immunocompromised patients. virological survey of these at risk patients is needed to detect resistant virus as soon as possible through phenotyp ... | 2003 | 12604384 |
| herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination. | to report a case of herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis with anterior uveitis following vaccination with live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain). | 2003 | 12614776 |
| analyses of the transcriptional pattern of glycoproteins e and i of varicella-zoster virus and evidence for a monocistronic transcription. | glycoproteins i and e of the varicella-zoster virus, encoded by the neighbouring open reading frames 67 and 68, are transcribed into several transcript species that differ in size. from gi, three transcripts of 1.65, 2.7, and 3.6 kb are known, and from ge, two transcripts of 2.15 and 3.6 kb in size are known. here, we demonstrate that these various transcript species appear in different amounts at different times post infection. at 12 hr post infection, the transcripts of 1.65 (gi) and 2.15 (ge) ... | 2003 | 12627488 |
| identification of the authentic varicella-zoster virus gb (gene 31) initiating methionine overlapping the 3' end of gene 30. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gb sequence was re-examined in light of recent knowledge about unusually long gb signal peptides in other herpesviral gb homologs. through mutational analysis, the discovery was made that the authentic initiating methionine for vzv gb is a codon beginning at genome nucleotide 56,819. the total length for the vzv gb primary translation product was 931 amino acids (aa) with a 71-aa signal sequence. considering the likely signal sequence cleavage site to be located ... | 2003 | 12627491 |
| varicella-zoster virus isolates, but not the vaccine strain oka, induce sensitivity to alpha-1 and beta-1 adrenergic stimulation of sensory neurones in culture. | the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) from its persistent state in sensory neurones causes shingles and induces severe, long-lasting pain and hyperalgesia that often lead to postherpetic neuralgia. to investigate the vzv-induced neuropathic changes, we established conditions for the active infection of sensory neurones from rat dorsal root ganglia in vitro. after 2 days of culture, up to 50% of the cells expressed viral antigens of the immediate-early and late replication phase. the i ... | 2003 | 12627494 |
| comparison of varicella-zoster virus orf47 protein kinase and casein kinase ii and their substrates. | orf47, a serine/threonine protein kinase encoded by varicella-zoster virus (vzv), has often been compared to the ubiquitous cellular kinase, casein kinase ii (ckii). however, no direct comparison of the two protein kinases has been carried out. herein, we show that the orf47 kinase was resistant to heparin, while ckii activity is profoundly inhibited by the acidic molecule in vitro. orf47 required the presence of polyamines (aliphatic, positively-charged molecules) for in vitro activity. when po ... | 2003 | 12627496 |
| development of varicella-zoster virus infection in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia treated with imatinib mesylate. | infection with varicella-zoster virus (vzv) is an exceptionally rare complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (cml) without stem cell transplantation. we report 16 patients with cml who developed vzv infection during imatinib mesylate therapy. | 2003 | 12631595 |
| highly potent and selective inhibition of varicella-zoster virus replication by bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues. | the bicyclic furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleoside analogues represent an entirely new class of fused furopyrimidine derivatives with unprecedented selectivity for varicella-zoster virus (vzv). from extensive structure-activity relationship (sar) studies, the 6-(p-alkylphenyl)substituted furopyrimidine derivatives cf 1742 and cf 1743 emerged as the most potent inhibitors of vzv replication: they were found to inhibit both laboratory vzv strains and clinical vzv isolates at subnanomolar concentrations ... | 2003 | 12647310 |
| analysis of numbers of repeated units in r2 region among varicella-zoster virus strains. | a variable region, r2, on the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) genome contains a repeated 42-bp unit. | 2003 | 12670723 |
| crystal structure of varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase. | herpes virus thymidine kinases are responsible for the activation of nucleoside antiviral drugs including (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. such viral thymidine kinases (tk), beside having a broader substrate specificity compared with host cell enzymes, also show significant variation in nucleoside phosphorylation among themselves. we have determined the crystal structure of varicella zoster virus (vzv, human herpes virus 3) thymidine kinase complexed with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridin ... | 2003 | 12686543 |
| the seroprevalence of varicella zoster antibodies in behçet's and other skin diseases. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the varicella zoster virus (vzv) igg, and igm antibodies with behçet's and other skin diseases (group 1: recurrent aphthos stomatitis, fungal infections, psoriasis; group 2: vitiligo, lichen planus). twenty eight patients with behçet's disease (bd), and 117 patients with dermatological disorders other than bd were evaluated for specific vzv igg and igm antibodies by using a third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). ... | 2003 | 12705629 |
| promoter sequences of varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein i targeted by cellular transactivating factors sp1 and usf determine virulence in skin and t cells in scidhu mice in vivo. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein i is dispensable in cell culture but necessary for infection of human skin and t cells in scidhu mice in vivo. the gi promoter contains an activating upstream sequence that binds the cellular transactivators specificity factor 1 (sp1) and upstream stimulatory factor (usf) and an open reading frame 29 (orf29)-responsive element (29re), which mediates enhancement by orf29 dna binding protein of immediate-early 62 (ie62)-induced transcription. recombinants, ... | 2003 | 12477854 |
| varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 21, which is expressed during latency, is essential for virus replication but dispensable for establishment of latency. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) open reading frame 21 (orf21) is one of at least five vzv genes expressed in latently infected human and rodent ganglia. to determine whether orf21 is required for latent and lytic infection, we deleted 99% of orf21 from the viral genome. the orf21 deletion mutant virus could be propagated only in a cell line expressing the orf21 protein. insertion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) homolog of vzv orf21, hsv-1 ul37, into the orf21 deletion mutant failed to co ... | 2003 | 12502838 |
| development of a multiplex rt-pcr to detect transcription of varicella-zoster virus encoded genes. | the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) is used commonly to analyse transcription of genes. in the field of virology it is an extremely helpful method to analyse the transcriptional activity of both, dna and rna viruses. the standard rt-pcr allows an investigation of the activity of only one gene. here, we describe the development of a sensitive multiplex rt-pcr assay for single tube amplification to analyse a set of different genes encoded by the varicella-zoster virus (vzv ... | 2003 | 12505641 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a rapid diagnostic tool for therapy of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. | herpesviruses are involved in the pathogenesis of acute retinal necrosis syndrome (arn). a rapid and accurate diagnosis of herpetic infections is crucial for prompt administration of a specific antiviral therapy. the purpose of this study was to evaluate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay to detect herpesvirus dna in the aqueous humor of clinical samples from ten patients with uveitis and clinical suspicion of arn. samples were assayed for herpes simplex virus type 1-2 (hsv 1-2), vari ... | 2003 | 12526051 |
| differentiation of varicella-zoster virus orf47 protein kinase and ie62 protein binding domains and their contributions to replication in human skin xenografts in the scid-hu mouse. | to investigate the role of the orf47 protein kinase of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), we constructed vzv recombinants with targeted mutations in conserved motifs of orf47 and a truncated orf47 and characterized these mutants for replication, phosphorylation, and protein-protein interactions in vitro and for infectivity in human skin xenografts in the scid-hu mouse model in vivo. previous experiments showed that roka47s, a null mutant that makes no orf47 protein, did not replicate in skin in vivo ... | 2003 | 12719588 |
| homology modelling and docking studies on varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase. | thymidine kinase (tk) is the key enzyme in antiviral and suicide gene therapies. while herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase has been widely studied and crystallised less is known on varicella zoster virus thymidine kinase (vzv tk) and its three-dimensional structure. in this paper we report the model of the three-dimensional structure of vzv tk resulting from a homology modelling study. subsequent docking studies of the natural substrate deoxythymidine (dt) and known antiviral drugs were ... | 2003 | 12750029 |
| vaccines for viral diseases with dermatologic manifestations. | vaccines against infectious diseases have been available since the 1800s, when an immunization strategy against smallpox developed by jenner gained wide acceptance. until recently, the only vaccination strategies available involved the use of protein-based, whole killed, and attenuated live virus vaccines. these strategies have led to the development of effective vaccines against a variety of diseases with primary or prominent cutaneous manifestations. effective and safe vaccines now used worldw ... | 2003 | 12757257 |
| the classification of viruses infecting the respiratory tract. | following the boom in respiratory virology in the 1960s, species of rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus were added to influenza and measles viruses as causes of respiratory tract infection. in restricted patient groups, such as the immunocompromised, members of the family of herpesviruses including herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, epstein-barr virus and human herpes virus 6 have also been associat ... | 2003 | 12758044 |
| varicella-zoster virus dna in cells isolated from human trigeminal ganglia. | to determine the type of cell(s) that contain latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) dna, we prepared pure populations of neurons and satellite cells from trigeminal ganglia of 18 humans who had previously had a vzv infection. vzv dna was present in 34 of 2,226 neurons (1.5%) and in none of 20,700 satellite cells. there was an average of 4.7 (range of 2 to 9) copies of vzv dna per latently infected neuron. latent vzv dna was primarily present in large neurons, whereas the size distribution of herpe ... | 2003 | 12768016 |
| anti-herpesvirus activity of an extract of ribes nigrum l. | an extract of ribes nigrum l., known as blackcurrant in europe and kurokarin(r) in japan, has been used as an ingredient in a variety of foods and folk medicine. in this study, the anti-herpesvirus activity of this extract was examined in vitro. the extract inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 attachment on the cell membrane completely at a 100-fold dilution, as well as the plaque formation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and varicella-zoster virus by 50% at a 400-fold dilution or lower ... | 2003 | 12820226 |
| skin and subcutaneous infections. | cutaneous infections most commonly are caused by staphylococcus aureus and gabhs. life-threatening complications can occur and are preventable with early diagnosis and specific therapy. dermatophytoses frequently are seen in children and immune-compromised adults with poor hygiene. sporotrichosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria are ubiquitous and can cause indolent granulomatous lesions. vesicular and fleshy lesions are manifestations of cutaneous viral infections due to hsv, varicella-zoster vi ... | 2003 | 12825248 |