Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [basic results of the fulfillment of the field program, "development and practical implementation of scientific principles of leishmaniasis control"]. | 1987 | 3574250 | |
| cytotoxicity of ester and ether lysophospholipids on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | the cytotoxic activity of four ester lysophospholipids, three ether lysophospholipids, and two radylglycerols on leishmania donovani promastigotes was determined by measuring the inhibition of cell growth. the 1-acyl lysophospholipids reduced cell growth to 50% of controls at concentrations of 6.4-10.9 microm. in contrast, 1-o-alkenyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1-o-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and 1-o-hexadecyl-sn-glycerol already showed a 50% inhibition of growth at concentrati ... | 1987 | 3574353 |
| comparative study of lipids of leishmania donovani & hamster spleen tissue. | 1987 | 3583353 | |
| lipids & fatty acids of leishmania donovani donovani promastigotes. | 1987 | 3596681 | |
| the gamma-guanidinobutyramide pathway of l-arginine catabolism in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | l-arginine stimulates the respiration of leishmania donovani to rates comparable to those observed with d-glucose. gamma-guanidinobutyramide, co2, urea and succinate have been identified as products of l-arginine catabolism by the cell-free extract. the reactions involved in co2 and urea formation require aerobic conditions. an enzymatic reaction that converts radiolabelled l-arginine to gamma-guanidinobutyramide occurs in cell-free extracts. the enzyme catalyzes a reaction in which o2 consumpti ... | 1987 | 3600696 |
| cloning of a gene encoding the immunodominant surface antigen of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | this study describes the characterisation of externally oriented surface peptides of both morphological forms of leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar). using 125i surface labelling techniques and peptide extraction in the detergents triton x-100 and triton x-114, a major iodinable promastigote peptide at 63 kda or 65 kda (depending on detergent used) was identified. this peptide was demonstrated to be the immunodominant membrane peptide of l. donovani and ... | 1987 | 3600697 |
| visceral leishmaniasis presenting as fever of unknown origin. | a 41-year-old male presented with a prolonged febrile disease with marked splenomegaly. bone marrow and liver biopsy smears and cultures for leishmania were repeatedly negative and there was no hyperglobulinemia. leishmania parasites were ultimately demonstrated only in the spleen at laparotomy, performed because of severe pancytopenia. the epidemiology of leishmaniasis in israel is reviewed. | 1987 | 3603692 |
| the activity of alkyl phosphorylcholines and related derivatives against leishmania donovani. | several alkyl phosphorylcholines and related derivatives were tested against leishmania donovani amastigotes in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and ed50 values were determined in the range of 1-12 microm. the three alkyl phosphorylcholines tested against l. donovani in balb/c mice were active, an ed50 of 12.8 mg/kg/day x 5 was ascertained for one compound, but an alkyl phosphorylethanolamine was inactive. | 1987 | 3606662 |
| structure of the lipid moiety of the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | the lipid moiety of the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani had been isolated and characterized as a novel lyso-alkylphosphatidylinositol. treatment of lipophosphoglycan with either 10% nh4oh or a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus liberated a monoalkylglycerol substituent. structural characterization of the monoalkylglycerol by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated the presence of two saturated, unbranched hydrocarbons: a c24 alkyl chai ... | 1987 | 3611065 |
| cell surface lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani. | based on a galactose oxidase/nab[3h]4 technique of radiolabeling macromolecules, the major glycoconjugate (lipophosphoglycan) of leishmania donovani promastigotes was determined to be located on the cell surface. incorporated radioactivity was analyzed by gel filtration on sephadex g-100, chromatography on ricin agglutinin-coupled agarose, and lability to mild acid hydrolysis. lipophosphoglycan was present throughout the various phases of growth of promastigotes, but was preferentially expressed ... | 1987 | 3614272 |
| application of an in vivo culture system for rapid demonstration of anti-leishmania activity of monoclonal antibodies. | in mice, infection with leishmania by the subcutaneous route becomes evident after about 2 months. this delay impedes the selection of monoclonal antibodies able to interfere with the infectiousness of the parasite. using an in vivo culture system--intraperitoneal injection of tg 180 sarcoma cells along with promastigotes or amastigotes--it was possible to define within 15 to 20 days a monoclonal antibody preventing the development of leishmania. pretreatment of promastigotes and amastigotes of ... | 1987 | 3617179 |
| leishmania infantum sensu lato as an agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in abruzzi region (italy). | the extreme difficulty of culturing in vitro parasites from italian causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) has so far been a handicap to their biochemical identification. a technique based on the "transient growth" of promastigotes originating from parasites visceralized in lhc inbred hamsters was used. through this technique, promastigote extracts of seven leishmania isolates from cl cases from the abruzzi region were obtained. isoenzyme profiles of these isolates and reference strains of l. tr ... | 1987 | 3617184 |
| [dot-elisa using monoclonal antibodies for identification of leishmania donovani]. | 1987 | 3621513 | |
| identification of a major 72 kilodalton surface antigen in twelve isolates of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis. | the study of the surface antigens of leishmania braziliensis braziliensis revealed a great homogeneity among ten strains isolated from bolivia and two reference strains from brazil and belize. a 72 kda major protein, present in all l. b. braziliensis strains, was recognized by both cutaneous and mucocutaneous human sera, but was not recognized by kala-azar and chagasic sera. no cross-reactive antigens were found among strains of leishmania braziliensis guyanensis, leishmania braziliensis panamen ... | 1987 | 3627165 |
| chromosome size polymorphisms of leishmania donovani. | a minimum of 22 chromosomes were found in all leishmania donovani stocks examined by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (ofage). chromosome sizes ranged from approximately 270 to 4000 kb. certain chromosomes were polymorphic in size between stocks and chromosomes present in some stocks had no apparent equivalent in others. specific polymorphisms were useful in distinguishing the subspecies l. d. donovani, l. d. infantum and l. d. chagasi and african l. donovani stocks but there wer ... | 1987 | 3627171 |
| inhibition of leishmanial dna synthesis by sinefungin. | rna, dna and protein biosynthesis were studied in leishmania donovani and l. tropica promastigotes cultured with or without sinefungin. thymidine incorporation was significantly impaired by this compound. neither the uptake of thymidine nor its phosphorylation were inhibited. furthermore the ratios of deoxyribonucleotide to the corresponding ribonucleotide were not significantly affected by sinefungin. analysis of the dna indicates that the inhibition of thymidine incorporation affects mostly nu ... | 1987 | 3632708 |
| [kala-azar originating in ischia]. | four weeks after returning from a holiday on ischia, a 53-year-old man fell ill with nocturnal sweating, fever, severe general malaise and hepatosplenomegaly. sternal marrow and liver punctures revealed an infection with leishmania donovani, i.e. kala-azar. characteristic features were hyperplasia of the plasma cells in the bone marrow and liver, together with lymphoplasmocytoid cell wash-out and polyclonal igg proteinaemia. treatment with pentamidine (lomidine) was unsatisfactory, while all man ... | 1987 | 3652955 |
| leishmania donovani metacyclic promastigotes: transformation in vitro, lectin agglutination, complement resistance, and infectivity. | freshly transformed leishmania donovani amastigotes from hamster spleen were used to establish axenic cultures at high density in a modified grace's medium, which was only partly replenished when cultures were fed. small, free-swimming, highly active stationary phase promastigotes with a short cell body and long flagellum were induced in this medium. the freshly transformed stationary phase promastigotes so induced were less able to bind peanut agglutinin, had more than 40-fold increased resista ... | 1987 | 3653336 |
| [differentiation of leishmania in culture]. | during their cultivation on diphasic medium leishmania donovani, l. major and l. gymnodactyli pass through the regular differentiation within the promastigote stage of the life cycle that involves a gradual change of the four main morphological forms: 1) extremely basophilic, short, wide, actively dividing cells; 2) lightening longer forms with pointed posterior ends; 3) long, cigar-shaped uniformly light specimens with the clear nucleus in the central or posterior position and distinct karyosom ... | 1987 | 3672643 |
| [experimental infection with leishmania in the dog: clinical, pathologic, parasitologic and serologic findings]. | 1987 | 3673364 | |
| a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes from infected phlebotomine sandflies. | we describe a method for the purification of leishmania promastigotes, isolated from infected sandflies (lutzomyia longipalpis) using a discontinuous density centrifugation gradient (percoll/homem). the sandflies, infected seven days previously with leishmania donovani chagasi or leishmania mexicana mexicana from culture, were homogenized and centrifuged on a percoll discontinuous gradient. five interface bands were formed, and most of the promastigotes settled out at the interface between the ( ... | 1987 | 3675038 |
| leishmania chagasi: in vitro differentiation of promastigotes monitored by flow cytometry. | a sequential development from a less infective to an infective stage of leishmania promastigotes growing in culture has been previously reported. the aim of this work was to investigate whether freeze-fracture electron microscopy and flow cytometry would be able to provide some reliable morphological markers of in vitro differentiation of leishmania chagasi promastigotes. the flow cytometry technique discriminates between the l. chagasi promastigotes from the different stages of their in vitro d ... | 1987 | 3678443 |
| lymphocyte transformation in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. | cellular responses to l. mexicana amazonensis, l. infantum and phytohaemagglutinin (pha) were measured in twenty-three cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, using the lymphocyte blast transformation test (ltt). positive responses to leishmanial antigen, although variable, were observed in all patients, compared with the normal controls. patient responses to pha, however, were lower than those observed in the control group. no significant differences were shown between responses of active and convale ... | 1987 | 3689020 |
| inhibition of protein kinase c activity by the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | purified lipophosphoglycan from leishmania donovani was found to inhibit the activity of protein kinase c isolated from rat brain. protein kinase c inhibition by lipophosphoglycan was continuous for 30 minutes. the glycoconjugate was a competitive inhibitor with respect to diolein, a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to phosphatidylserine, and had no significant effect on protein kinase m and protein kinase a. a possible physiological role of lipophosphoglycan as a negative effector of prote ... | 1987 | 3689364 |
| structure of the major carbohydrate fragment of the leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan. | the major carbohydrate fragment from the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani was generated by mild acid hydrolysis (0.02 n hcl, 5 min, 100 degrees c) and purified by chromatography on de-52 cellulose and thin layer. by a combination of analyses including gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1h nmr, the structure of the fragment was elucidated as po4----6gal(beta 1----4)man. approximately 16 of these phosphorylated disaccharide units occur in the overall glycoconjugate structure. ... | 1987 | 3689770 |
| the pathology of experimental visceral leishmaniasis in resistant and susceptible lines of inbred mice. | 1. the main pathological features of experimental visceral leishmaniasis were characterized in resistant and susceptible inbred mouse strains. 2. disseminated granulomas containing parasitized macrophages were found especially in the liver and spleen of two inbred mouse strains, i.e. the resistant dba/2 and the susceptible c57bl/10 strains, which had been inoculated with leishmania donovani chagasi amastigotes. 3. the lesions tended to remain granulomatous in nature even during the early acute p ... | 1987 | 3690047 |
| infection pattern of leishmaniasis in hamsters produced by recent isolates from kala-azar patients in india. | 1987 | 3692555 | |
| experimental infections of the multimammate rat (mastomys natalensis) with leishmania donovani and leishmania major. | the susceptibility of the multimammate rat, mastomys natalensis, to experimental infections with leishmania donovani and l. major was examined. inoculations of l. major promastigotes into the skin resulted in nonulcerating lesions in which parasites could be detected for more than 30 weeks later. intravenous inoculations of l. donovani promastigotes produced visceral infections characterized by a continuing increase in splenic parasite burdens and liver parasite burdens which peaked during the f ... | 1987 | 3826485 |
| identification and distribution of new world leishmania species characterized by serodeme analysis using monoclonal antibodies. | five hundred thirty stocks of leishmania isolated from human and domestic and wild reservoir hosts, representing a wide geographic distribution of endemic foci of american cutaneous (acl) and visceral leishmaniases (avl) were characterized and identified at species and/or subspecies levels based on their reactivity to a cross-panel of specific monoclonal antibodies using a radioimmune binding assay. this study confirms and extends our preliminary results on the high specificity of some of these ... | 1987 | 3826486 |
| metabolism of ether lysophospholipids in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | ether lysophospholipids, 1-o-[1'-14c]octadec-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (a) and -phosphocholine (b) as well as 1-o-[1'-14c]octadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (c) and -phosphocholine (d) were taken up rapidly and metabolized extensively in leishmania donovani promastigotes. degradation to neutral lipids occurred first, followed by incorporation into phospholipids. incubation of the cells with (a) or (b) revealed the stability of the o-[1-14c]octadec-1-enyl group up to 15 h, ... | 1987 | 3431573 |
| variable expression of the murine natural resistance gene lsh in different macrophage populations infected in vitro with leishmania donovani. | various macrophage populations isolated from mice (including congenic c57bl/10scsn and b10.llshr) bearing resistant or susceptible alleles for the natural resistance gene (lsh) were infected with leishmania donovani amastigotes in vitro and examined (a) for their ability to support growth of the amastigote population over 7 days of culture in vitro, and (b) for their ability to express lsh gene controlled resistance and susceptibility in vitro. resident macrophages from liver (kupffer cells), sp ... | 1987 | 3431902 |
| [experimental visceral leishmaniasis in golden hamsters]. | as a result of a long passage of l. donovani isolate on golden hamsters (21 passages were observed), in transplanting the agent from animals with a distinct clinical picture there was formed a highly virulent strain "g" of l. donovani for this species of animals. the weight arrest and then body mass losses were the most early signs of the disease. parasites were regularly accumulated in spleen and liver and to a less extent in bone marrow. the main manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in ham ... | 1987 | 3431905 |
| a comparison of five selective media for the primary isolation of leishmania strains in india. | leishmania parasites of the three distinct pathogenic forms of indian origin (cutaneous, visceral and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) were assessed with five selective media for their rate of primary isolation. leishmania donovani strains showed the higher rate of isolation in modified tobie's medium, and leishmania tropica in tobie's with fcs. however, strains of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) showed 100% isolation in schneider's with fcs medium. but as a whole modified tobie's ... | 1987 | 3432954 |
| heterologous protection in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. | mice immunized with a glycolipid antigen (gl) of leishmania major plus adjuvant are relatively resistant to subsequent infection with this protozoan parasite. the gl is affinity purified on the monoclonal antibody wic-79.3 which is l. major-specific and does not react with l. donovani. when another monoclonal, wic-108.3, which cross-reacts with several leishmania species, is used to affinity purify gl from l. donovani, the eluted material can partially protect genetically resistant mice against ... | 1987 | 3436638 |
| differentiation of leishmania strains of indian origin by lectin-mediated agglutination. | characterisation of surface saccharides was carried out in 3 different strains of indian leishmaniae by 7 lectins. energy dependent agglutination and role of cytoskeletal disintegrator were also analysed. wisteria floribunda, peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin can be used to differentiate clearly the leishmanial strains causing disease like visceral leishmaniasis, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. the remaining lectins have mixed agglutination behaviour towar ... | 1987 | 3441740 |
| serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis employing monoclonal antibodies. | a highly specific and sensitive competitive serodiagnostic assay for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) was developed using species specific leishmania donovani monoclonal antibodies. this assay, either ria or elisa, is based on the specific inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding to a crude parasite homogenate by serum from patients with vl. 15 monoclonal antibodies were examined. the binding of 13 antibodies was significantly inhibited by vl serum and unaffected by normal serum. 3 species-specific ... | 1987 | 3445339 |
| natural infection of phlebotomus perfiliewi with leishmania infantum in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus of the abruzzi region, italy. | one out of 213 phlebotomus perfiliewi caught from an endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in abruzzi region (italy) was naturally infected with promastigotes. the parasites were grown in culture medium and in a hamster, typed by the examination of 11 isoenzymes, and found to be indistinguishable from leishmania infantum s.st. (montpellier zymodeme 1). the probable role of p. perfiliewi in the transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to l. infantum s.l. in the focus is discussed. | 1987 | 3445341 |
| dermal and visceral leishmaniasis and their causative agents. | 1987 | 3445360 | |
| antiprotozoal activity of diospyrin towards leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. | diospyrin, a bis-naphthoquinone derivative, isolated from a plant, known for its antitumour properties against ehrlich ascites carcinoma in swiss a mice, exhibits antiprotozoal activity towards l. donovani promastigotes in culture. | 1987 | 3449989 |
| congenital transmission of kala-azar. | 1987 | 3454359 | |
| an analysis of t cell responsiveness in indian kala-azar. | the inability of most untreated patients with kala-azar to control their visceral infections with leishmania donovani has been attributed to a defective cell-mediated immune response to leishmanial antigens. we examined the in vitro response of t cells, including leu-2+-depleted t cell populations, to determine whether unresponsiveness could be reversed. these studies on patients with visceral leishmaniasis in bihar, north india, support previous observations regarding t cell unresponsiveness in ... | 1987 | 3100620 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis: production of interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma, tissue immune reaction, and response to treatment with interleukin 2 and interferon-gamma. | during the first 2 to 4 weeks of progressive visceral infection with the intracellular protozoan, leishmania donovani, spleen cells from balb/c mice failed in response to leishmanial antigen to produce either of the activating t cell-derived lymphokines, interleukin 2 (il 2) or gamma-interferon (ifn-gamma). four weeks after infection, however, antigen-induced il 2 and ifn-gamma secretion emerged and coincided with the onset of control over parasite replication and the subsequent killing of great ... | 1987 | 3104456 |
| in vitro and in vivo activation of human mononuclear phagocytes by interferon-gamma. studies with normal and aids monocytes. | to determine the potential immunotherapeutic role of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) as a mononuclear phagocyte-activating agent, we examined the effector cell function of peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients after either in vitro and/or in vivo treatment with recombinant (r) ifn-gamma. when assayed immediately after a 24-hr in vitro pulse with 300 u/ml, normal and aids monocytes behaved similarly with little augmentation of their int ... | 1987 | 3104467 |
| acquisition of cell-mediated immunity to leishmania. i. primary t-cell activation detected by il-2 receptor expression. | in order to analyse the early stages of the t-cell response to leishmania, bioassays for detecting low levels of il-2 receptor expression both in bulk culture and under limiting dilution conditions have been used. infection of c57bl/10 mice with leishmania donovani amastigotes leads to the appearance of antigen-specific t lymphocytes bearing high-affinity il-2 receptors 24-72 hr later. phenotypic analysis by complement-mediated cytotoxicity indicates that these activated t cells comprise both l3 ... | 1987 | 3111982 |
| response of inbred mice to aerosol challenge with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | an autosomal dominant gene (bcg), which maps to mouse chromosome 1, has been shown to confer on mice resistance to attenuated mycobacterium bovis bcg montreal, salmonella typhimurium, and leishmania donovani. most animal models used for the study of the bcg gene have involved intravenous injection of a large number of microorganisms (greater than 10(4) cfu). the present study examines the effect of the bcg gene on the resistance of inbred mice to challenge via the respiratory route with 5 to 10 ... | 1987 | 3112014 |
| a direct agglutination test discriminative toward chagas' disease for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil: preliminary results. | two-hundred and sixty-five human sera from brazil were tested in a direct agglutination assay using trypsinated leishmania donovani donovani antigen. the assay proved to be of value for the diagnosis of american visceral leishmaniasis in that it was discriminative toward chagas' disease. | 1987 | 3115280 |
| leishmania donovani: generation of monospecific antibody reagents to soluble acid phosphatase. | four monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were generated against the soluble extracellular acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) (s-acp) of leishmania donovani. these were detected in the primary screen using an elisa with promastigote culture supernatants as antigen. three of the mcabs demonstrated bound s-acp from such culture supernatants in an enzyme activity binding assay. all immunoprecipitated metabolically labeled s-acp but none showed any binding to the promastigote surface by indirect immunofluoresce ... | 1987 | 3115812 |
| recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates intracellular killing of leishmania donovani by human monocyte-derived macrophages. | recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rgm-csf) obtained from cloned complementary mo cell dna and expressed in cos-1 cells activates cultured peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to become cytotoxic for intracellular l. donovani. the antileishmanial effect of rgm-csf, which can be completely neutralized by anti-rgm-csf antiserum, is maximal after 36 h preincubation with the cultured macrophages, compared with that of rifn-gamma, which reaches its maximum ... | 1987 | 3119759 |
| identification and characterization of a ribose transport system in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | a transport system for ribose in leishmania donovani promastigotes was identified and characterized by measuring the uptake of radioisotope-labeled ribose. the pentoses arabinose, 2-deoxyribose and xylose inhibited ribose uptake, whereas hexoses (glucose, alpha-methylglucoside, thioglucose, galactose, lactose, maltose, mannose), adenosine, and proline did not inhibit uptake, indicating that the transporter exhibited substrate specificity. intracellular ribose exchanged with 2-deoxyribose. uptake ... | 1987 | 3123926 |
| dot-elisa using monoclonal antibodies for identification of leishmania donovani. | 1987 | 3127137 | |
| cross reactivity between trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania antigens in the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. | the in vitro blastogenesis response of lymphocytes from 19 patients, with either visceral or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or chagas disease, to antigens of the leishmania-trypanosoma complex was studied. cells from all patients responded to both homologous and heterologous antigens and the magnitude of the responses did not differ for any of the patient groups or antigens. | 1987 | 3127960 |
| trypsin and chymotrypsin-like enzymes of the sandfly phlebotomus papatasi infected with leishmania and their possible role in vector competence. | phlebotomus papatasi (scopoli) is susceptible to infection with leishmania major yakimov & schokov and resistant to l. donovani laveran & mesnil. the possibility that susceptibility depends on midgut levels of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like (esterolytic) enzymes was investigated. infection with l. major reduced the trypsin-like activity to 93.5% and 86% of the control value at 20 and 30 h post feeding and increased it to 106% at 52 h. infection with l. donovani reduced trypsin-like activity to 64 ... | 1987 | 2979536 |
| leishmania infantum infection rates in phlebotomus perniciosus fed on naturally infected dogs under antimonial treatment. | dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum nicolle were treated with three courses of meglumine antimoniate. changes were observed in the dogs' clinical signs, antibody titres and in infection rates of phlebotomus perniciosus newstead fed on the dogs. a large reduction in the sandfly infection rate was observed for 4-5 months after the first treatment. the use of antimonial drugs is advocated for the control of canine leishmaniasis and to reduce risks of l.infantum transmission. | 1987 | 2979550 |
| leishmania spp.: agar plating as an alternative to limiting dilution and impression smears for the enumeration of viable parasites in tissue. | 1987 | 3803532 | |
| susceptibilities of macrophage populations to infection in vitro by leishmania donovani. | many studies have demonstrated differences in the resistance of strains of mice to infection by leishmania donovani, salmonella typhimurium, and mycobacterium bovis bcg; this resistance/susceptibility phenotype seems to be controlled by a single gene. the present study investigated the susceptibility of liver, lung, peritoneal, and spleen macrophages to infection by l. donovani promastigotes in vitro; the objective was to determine if the susceptibility of animals was expressed by their macropha ... | 1987 | 3804446 |
| two high affinity nucleoside transporters in leishmania donovani. | a rapid sampling kinetic technique has been used to evaluate the nucleoside transport functions of leishmania donovani. the results indicated that l. donovani promastigotes possessed two independent purine nucleoside transporters with nonoverlapping substrate specificity. the first transported inosine, guanosine, and their analogs, while the second carried adenosine, analogs of adenosine, and the pyrimidine nucleosides, uridine, cytidine, and thymidine. the apparent km values of the two nucleosi ... | 1987 | 3807949 |
| biochemical identities and differences among leishmania species and subspecies. | an analysis was presented for identification of 20 species and subspecies of leishmania by cellulose acetate electrophoresis data from the enzymes glucose phosphate isomerase, mannose phosphate isomerase, and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. most leishmania could be identified from data of these three enzymes. the cae data for 20 enzymes from over 300 new and old world isolates were combined, and an analysis of the data which included calculations of genetic identities and genetic distances was r ... | 1987 | 3812883 |
| rapid characterization of recombinant lambdagt11 clones expressing parasite antigens. | recombinant dna techniques allow any parasite gene to be isolated, propagated and analysed in great detail. the techniques are now well known and widely used in research on parasite diagnosis, vaccine development and identification of chemotherapeutic targets. there are difficulties, for example in analysing carbohydrate antigens, and in selecting which genes merit the intensive investigation required. in this article john kelly and mark blaxter discuss two simple procedures that allow recombina ... | 1987 | 15462876 |
| antileishmanial activity of liposome-encapsulated amphotericin b in hamsters and monkeys. | visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) results from parasitization of the macrophages of the liver, spleen, and the rest of the visceral reticuloendothelial system with leishmania donovani. pentavalent antimony is the drug of choice for leishmaniasis chemotherapy; amphotericin b (amb) is active but is rarely used, because of drug toxicity. amb encapsulated within macrophage-directed carriers (liposomes) has been used to treat humans with systemic mycoses complicating neoplastic diseases; dosages of ... | 1986 | 3813512 |
| conversion of radiolabelled ethanolamine plasmalogen into the dimethylethanolamine and choline analogue via transphosphatidylation by phospholipase d from cabbage. | starting from biosynthetically prepared ethanolamine plasmalogen 14c-labelled in the o-alkenyl moiety, choline and dimethylethanolamine plasmalogen were prepared by transphosphatidylation utilizing phospholipase d from cabbage. investigation of the time course of the reaction showed that transphosphatidylation was simultaneously accompanied by hydrolysis of both the substrate and the desired product, resulting in a maximum of product yield after 1-3 h under the reaction conditions investigated. ... | 1986 | 3815628 |
| quantitative grading of leishmania donovani amastigotes in bone marrow aspirates smears. | 1986 | 3817928 | |
| [interaction of leishmania donovani promastigotes with peritoneal exudate cells of mice as affected by chymotrypsin]. | 1986 | 3823739 | |
| the suitability of east african primates as animal models of visceral leishmaniasis. | the susceptibility of four east african primate species to experimental infection with leishmania donovani was investigated. vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), sykes monkeys (c. mitis) and baboons (papio cynocephalus) all supported low grade infections for periods ranging between four and eight months and subsequently showed evidence of self-cure. greater bushbabies (galago crassicaudatus) remained completely refractory throughout the course of the experiment. the significance of hepatic h ... | 1986 | 3810791 |
| [detecting l. donovani circulating antigen by mcab in the diagnosis of kala-azar]. | 1986 | 3804301 | |
| [investigation of non-specific immune suppression in dba/1 mouse infected by l. donovani]. | 1986 | 3804302 | |
| selection of a skin test antigen for american visceral leishmaniasis. | studies were designed to examine skin test responses to leishmanial antigens in american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) in brazil. we found that after recovery from avl, patients had positive delayed hypersensitivity reactions to leishmania. different amounts of a soluble extract obtained from leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes were compared with whole l. d. chagasi promastigotes in persons with past avl. the most effective soluble preparations tested contained 25 and 50 micrograms leishman ... | 1986 | 3946739 |
| activity of pentamidine-containing human red cell ghosts against visceral leishmaniasis in the hamster. | a recent approach to the chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis has been the encapsulation of clinical agents within macrophage directed carriers such as liposomes. because in mammals leishmania are obligate intramacrophage microorganisms, injection of an encapsulated drug should deliver large quantities of drug to the organisms, thus decreasing both the number of drug administrations needed for cure and drug toxicity. drugs contained within red cell ghosts have been used clinically to treat oth ... | 1986 | 3953944 |
| a hand-held photometer for quantitative dot-immunobinding assays. | a simple multichannel transmission photometer is presented. this instrument is designed to give a quantitative result from dot-immunobinding assays. the optoelectronic components of the system (yellow gap light-emitting diode and cds photoresistor) have been selected to match the absorbance maximum of the product generated by the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol. the standard deviation of duplicate measures is lower than 0.5% on a single channel and lower than 1.5% on differ ... | 1986 | 3954032 |
| electrophoretic analysis of the polypeptides of leishmania amastigotes and promastigotes. | the polypeptides of leishmania mexicana mexicana (m379), l. m. amazonensis (lv78), l. major (lv39) and l. d. donovani (lv39) amastigotes and cultured promastigotes have been analysed by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the polypeptide banding patterns of the promastigotes of the four species were quite similar, but distinct differences were detected between those of amastigotes. the results suggest that the various species of leishmania are adapted differently for survival and growth in t ... | 1986 | 3956174 |
| karyotype analysis of leishmania species and its use in classification and clinical diagnosis. | chromosomes of four species of leishmania represented by ten different geographic isolates were analyzed by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis (pfg) to assess chromosome stability in these parasitic protozoans. among different geographic isolates of the same subspecies, more than two-thirds of chromosomes had similar sizes, ethidium bromide staining intensities, and locations of alpha,beta-tubulin genes. however, among new world leishmania, members of different species or subspecies have ... | 1986 | 3961502 |
| leishmania donovani: cellular and humoral immune responses after primary and challenge infections in squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus. | cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in squirrel monkeys after primary and challenge infection with a khartoum strain (wr 378) of leishmania donovani. each of 7 squirrel monkeys, saimiri sciureus, was inoculated intravenously with 5 x 10(7) amastigotes/kg body weight, and one other monkey (control) was inoculated with uninfected hamster spleen homogenate. five infected monkeys recovered from visceral leishmaniasis and two infected monkeys died. three of the five squirrel monkeys wh ... | 1986 | 2940111 |
| cloning of leishmania donovani genes encoding antigens recognized during human visceral leishmaniasis. | in this report we describe the construction and analysis of a genomic library of leishmania donovani gene segments in the bacteriophage vector lambda gt11. this cloning vector permits the expression of parasite polypeptides as fusion products with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase. a group of 90 clones which express l. donovani antigens have been isolated from this library using various polyvalent antisera. many of these clones appear to encode parasite membrane antigens some of which are reco ... | 1986 | 2940461 |
| presence of a macrophage-mediated suppressor cell mechanism during cell-mediated immune response in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | in susceptible balb/c mice, systemic intracellular infection with leishmania donovani provokes generation of adherent spleen cells which can suppress both mitogen- and specific-antigen-stimulated t-cell responses. to characterize the responsible suppressor cell, we irradiated (2,000 r) adherent spleen cells from l. donovani-infected mice or treated them with anti-thy-1.2 antibody plus complement. neither anti-t-cell treatment diminished the capacity to inhibit lymphocyte proliferative activity. ... | 1986 | 2945788 |
| [strains of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis from southeastern turkmenistan and the results of their trial with golden hamsters]. | 1986 | 2948101 | |
| evidence for common antigens on human non-adherent synoviocytes (type a) and peripheral monocytes. | the characterization of a homogeneous non-adherent synoviocyte (type a) cell population (greater than or equal to 95%) from non-rheumatoid patients by culturing the cells in the presence of forty percent foetal calf serum is reported. these cells were able to phagocyte latex beads, iron particles, fluoresceinated zymosan and yeast. furthermore, non-adherent synoviocytes were capable of being infected by the obligate intracellular parasite of peripheral monocytes leishmania donovani. indirect imm ... | 1986 | 2948255 |
| detection and characterization of leishmania species and strains from mammals and vectors by hybridization and restriction endonuclease digestion of kinetoplast dna. | leishmania parasites from animals, man or insect vectors were characterized by the gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease enzyme-produced mitochondrial (kinetoplast) dna (kdna) fragments and/or by dna-dna hybridization with 32p-labelled cloned, or uncloned, kdna fragment probes from type isolates. the electrophoretic separation of kdna fragments is a sensitive method for detecting genetic similarities and differences among leishmania. parasites with similar kdna restriction fragment pat ... | 1986 | 3010541 |
| cellular resistance to protozoal infection. | several factors appear to determine cellular resistance to protozoal infection. as judged by the interaction at the cellular level between the oxygen-dependent and -independent antimicrobial mechanisms of the human mononuclear phagocyte and the intracellular protozoa, toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani, these determinants include the cell's state of maturation and activation, the magnitude of the phagocyte's oxidative burst capacity, the ability of the cell to respond specifically to para ... | 1986 | 3010809 |
| the potential of using recombinant dna species-specific probes for the identification of tropical leishmania. | 1986 | 3012443 | |
| growth of leishmania donovani amastigotes in the continuous human macrophage cell line u937: studies of drug efficacy and metabolism. | we have developed a simple and reproducible system for infecting a human macrophage cell line (u937) with stationary-phase leishmania donovani promastigotes. four days after infection, greater than 90% of the promastigotes had transformed to amastigotes. the antileishmanial agents allopurinol riboside, formycin b, 9-deazainosine, and sodium stibogluconate effectively inhibited the growth of l. donovani amastigotes in this cell line. to study the capability of amastigotes in the u937 cell line to ... | 1986 | 3014012 |
| identification of visceral leishmania species with cloned sequences of kinetoplast dna. | several efforts have been made in order to develop more precise and sensitive methods in the identification of leishmania parasites. we report here the identification of cloned subfragments of minicircle kinetoplast dna (kdna) isolated from l. donovani, wr352, which show different taxonomic specificities. analysis of these fragments demonstrates a significant sequence diversity within the kdna minicircle. for example, one cloned fragment was found to be present in all visceral leishmania species ... | 1986 | 3016536 |
| demonstration of various acid hydrolases and preliminary characterization of acid phosphatase in naegleria fowleri. | extracts of the pathogenic ameba naegleria fowleri, prepared by freeze-thawing and sonication, were analyzed for their content of various hydrolytic enzymes that have acid ph optima. the organism is rich in acid phosphatase activity as well as a variety of glycosidases which include beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-fucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, hexosaminidase, arylsulfatase a, and beta-glucuronidase. the crude extract contained only negligible levels of sphingomyelinase, neuraminidase ... | 1986 | 3018238 |
| hydrolysis of phosphoproteins and inositol phosphates by cell surface phosphatase of leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani promastigotes contain intense tartrate-resistant cell surface acid phosphatase (acp1) which blocks superoxide anion production by activated human neutrophils [a.t. remaley et al. (1984) j. biol. chem, 259, 11173-11175]. an extensively purified preparation of acp1 dephosphorylates several phosphoproteins which are phosphorylated at serine residues; these include: pyruvate kinase (km 1.6 microm; vmax 71.4 u (mg protein)-1), phosphorylase kinase (km 0.076 microm; vmax 5.4 u (mg ... | 1986 | 3018559 |
| seroepidemiological study on kala-azar in baringo district, kenya. | this paper reports on 164 cases of kala-azar observed in the baringo district of kenya between february 1981 and february 1983. all were confirmed serologically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and all but 20 by parasitological examination as well. following the standard treatment with a 30 day course of sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) two non-responders and four relapses were observed. children between 2 and 15 years old were found to be the most affected age group; male patients ... | 1986 | 3021967 |
| purification and properties of cytochrome c555 from leishmania donovani. | a hemoprotein present in minute quantities in leishmania donovani promastigotes was isolated, purified and spectrally characterized as cytochrome c555. physicochemical characterization revealed electrophoretic mobility of 1.6 x 10(-5) cm2 v-1 s-1, an isoelectric point (pi) of 9.9, a relative molecular weight (mr) of 11.9 kda and half-wave potential (ep) of -1.058 v. values obtained were compared with those of horse heart cytochrome c subjected to the same analyses. heme c555 was also prepared an ... | 1986 | 3022142 |
| expression of the innate resistance gene ity in mouse kupffer cells infected with salmonella typhimurium in vitro. | early innate resistance to salmonellae in mice is controlled by the chromosome 1 gene ity which regulates the in vivo net growth rate of bacteria in the res by an unknown mechanism. it similarly controls innate resistance to leishmania donovani, bcg and mycobacterium lepraemurium. murine kupffer cell cultures were infected with virulent salmonella typhimurium and followed for 12 h. multiresistant organisms were used so that the antibiotics in the medium could not interfere with the results; extr ... | 1986 | 3150027 |
| a lymphokine distinct from interferon-gamma that activates human monocytes to kill leishmania donovani in vitro. | human interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), a t cell lymphokine (lk), activates monocytes to kill many intra- and extracellular pathogens. in fact, previous reports assert that all activity in lk for macrophage activation is due to ifn-gamma. to test this assertion, we examined monocyte interactions with amastigotes of leishmania donovani after treatment with recombinant dna or affinity-purified leukocyte ifn-gamma and ifn-gamma containing lk. cells treated with at least 200 iu/ml ifn-gamma were microbi ... | 1986 | 3080522 |
| evaluation of the micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies in american visceral leishmaniasis: antigen selection for detection of infection-specific responses. | this study was designed to evaluate the elisa for diagnosis of american visceral leishmaniasis (avl) using antigen prepared from different leishmania isolates and from a strain of trypanosoma cruzi. two leishmania donovani chagasi isolates from bahia and maranhão (both states of northern brazil), one l. donovani from sudan, one l. mexicana amazonensis isolate, and one t. cruzi isolate were used. a total of 375 sera were tested, including 119 from avl patients, 96 from nonleishmaniasis hospitaliz ... | 1986 | 3080918 |
| [evolution of the interrelation of the linking members in the leishmania parasite system]. | 1986 | 3086683 | |
| analysis of trypanosoma cruzi antigens bound by specific antibodies and by antibodies to related trypanosomatids. | antigens of the epimastigote stage of trypanosoma cruzi were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and examined for their ability to bind antibodies in sera from humans infected with this organism or infected with one or both of the related protozoa leishmania braziliensis and leishmania donovani by protein blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. most of the antigens were bound by antibodies against each one of the organisms ... | 1986 | 3087879 |
| interaction and regulation of macrophage receptors. | macrophages express distinct plasma membrane receptors for different isotypes of immunoglobulin, bear at least two receptors for cleaved third complement component (cr1 and cr3) and have a lectin-like receptor that mediates endocytosis of glycoproteins or glycoconjugates with terminal mannose or fucose residues (mfr). interferon-gamma, a macrophage-activating factor, induces effects common to other interferons as well as having unique effects on cell function. the down-regulation of mfr, inducti ... | 1986 | 3089710 |
| 5'-methylthioadenosine (mta) phosphorylase from promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | 1986 | 3094329 | |
| effects of dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine on leishmania donovani promastigotes. | alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, has been demonstrated to be an effective agent against a variety of parasitic protozoa but not against leishmania spp. in this report, we show that leishmania donovani promastigotes in continuous culture are sensitive to the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of dfmo. incubation of the promastigotes with dfmo obliterates intracellular putrescine pools and depletes spermidine concentrations, which cor ... | 1986 | 3098971 |
| [preliminary results in favor of the existence of a major surface antigen, specific for leishmania braziliensis braziliensis]. | the comparative surface antigen study of 10 bolivian strains and 1 brazilian reference strain from l. b. braziliensis sub-species shows an important homogeneity within this group. all the strains tested so far present similar antigenic patterns with a major antigen at 72 kd. on the contrary, the comparative analysis of surface antigens of l. b. braziliensis with those of l. b. guyanensis, l. b. panamensis, l. mexicana amazonensis and l. donovani chagasi shows a large antigenic heterogeneity betw ... | 1986 | 3099979 |
| leishmania and trypanosoma surface glycoproteins have a common glycophospholipid membrane anchor. | the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) of the african trypanosomes is the major membrane protein of the plasma membrane of the bloodstream stage of the parasite. it is anchored in the plasma membrane by a glycolipid covalently bound to the c-terminal amino acid of the protein. the vsg is released through the action of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c that removes dimyristoylglycerol and exposes the carbohydrate antigenic determinant common to all vsgs. promastigotes of leishmania ... | 1986 | 3461472 |
| [contribution of the duodenal biopsy in the diagnosis of kala-azar]. | 1986 | 3275397 | |
| [visceral leishmaniasis mimicking histiocytic marrow reticulosis]. | 1986 | 3704884 | |
| use of modified grace's insect medium for the primary isolation of leishmania donovani donovani in bihar, india. | grace's insect medium, supplemented with 20% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (fbs) and 15% defibrinated pooled rabbit blood is statistically shown to be more sensitive than modified nnn medium (p less than 0.05), grace's insect medium with 20% (v/v) and grace's insect medium with 30% (v/v) fbs (p less than 0.01) for in vitro primary isolation of promastigotes of leishmania donovani donovani from cultures of bone marrow aspirates. this medium has been found to be especially useful for p ... | 1986 | 3706619 |
| leishmania braziliensis: development of primary and satellite lesions in the experimentally infected owl monkey, aotus trivirgatus. | twelve male and 8 female feral owl monkeys, aotus trivirgatus, were inoculated intradermally at the dorsal base of the tail with 2 x 10(7) promastigotes (strains wr 128 or wr 539) or 5 x 10(5) amastigotes (strain wr 128) of leishmania braziliensis panamensis, and the progression and regression of subsequent lesions were examined for up to 13 or 54 weeks after inoculation. three of these monkeys had been infected previously with l. donovani, had been treated with meglumine antimoniate, and had re ... | 1986 | 3709751 |
| evidence that leishmania donovani utilizes a mannose receptor on human mononuclear phagocytes to establish intracellular parasitism. | the pathogenic protozoan leishmania donovani must gain entrance into mononuclear phagocytes to successfully parasitize man. the parasite's extra-cellular promastigote stage is ingested by human peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of serum, in a manner characteristic of receptor-mediated endocytosis. we have found remarkable similarities between the macrophage receptor(s) for promastigotes and a previously characterized eucaryotic receptor system, the mannose ... | 1986 | 3711662 |
| [experimental models of cutaneous leishmaniasis in laboratory animals]. | a survey of literature on modelling cutaneous leishmaniasis of man (common and metastatic) on some lines of mice, guinea pigs, golden hamsters infected with different species of leishmania is given. merits and demerits of each described model are pointed out. | 1986 | 3714297 |