Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| red deer stags use formants as assessment cues during intrasexual agonistic interactions. | while vocal tract resonances or formants are key acoustic parameters that define differences between phonemes in human speech, little is known about their function in animal communication. here, we used playback experiments to present red deer stags with re-synthesized vocalizations in which formant frequencies were systematically altered to simulate callers of different body sizes. in response to stimuli where lower formants indicated callers with longer vocal tracts, stags were more attentive, ... | 2005 | 16024350 |
| the cloning debate in the united kingdom: the academy meets the public. | 2005 | 16028538 | |
| identifying potential risk haplotypes for schizophrenia at the dtnbp1 locus in han chinese and scottish populations. | the dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (dtnbp1) gene on chromosome 6p has emerged as a potential susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. although a number of attempts to replicate the original association finding have been successful, they have not identified any obvious pathogenic variants or a single at risk haplotype common to all populations studied. in the present study we attempted further replication in an independent sample of 638 nuclear families from the han chinese population of sichuan pr ... | 2005 | 16044171 |
| national survey of diagnostic services for genital herpes. | to investigate the provision of diagnostic services for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in the united kingdom. | 2005 | 16061538 |
| 500 years of the college of surgeons and 300 years of the chair of anatomy in edinburgh. | 2005 represents the 500th anniversary of the award of the first charter to the guild of surgeons and barbers at edinburgh, and the 300th anniversary of the establishment of the chair of anatomy in the university of edinburgh, the first chair in this discipline in britain. the first charter of the incorporation, in 1505, specified that they should dissect the body of one dead condemned criminal each year. candidates who wished to join the incorporation were required to be familiar with all of the ... | 2005 | 16076010 |
| association between the neuregulin 1 gene and schizophrenia: a systematic review. | chromosome 8p22-p11 has been identified as a locus for schizophrenia in several genome-wide scans, which has been confirmed by meta-analysis of published linkage data. it appears to be 1 of the most robust linkage findings in psychosis. several attempts have been made to identify the underlying genetic variation that gives rise to this linkage peak, including systematic fine mapping using extended icelandic pedigrees that have identified an associated haplotype (hap(ice)) in the gene neuregulin ... | 2005 | 16081509 |
| ultraviolet light and visual behaviour in the three-spined stickleback, gasterosteus aculeatus. | the ability of various vertebrates to perceive visual information in the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum (300-400 nm) is receiving increasing interest. to date, many of these studies have concentrated on the role of ultraviolet perception in mate choice, yet there are several ways in which the ability to perceive ultraviolet information may affect other behaviours. until now, it has been widely assumed that colour in the three-spined stickleback can be quantified by methods ap ... | 2005 | 16082613 |
| detection of hcv and hiv-1 antibody negative infections in scottish and northern ireland blood donations by nucleic acid amplification testing. | to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmissible viruses entering the blood supply, the nucleic acid amplification testing (nat) was implemented to screen scottish and northern irish blood donations in minipools. after 5 years of nat for hepatitis c virus (hcv) and 2 years for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), the yield of serologically negative, nucleic acid positive 'window donations' and cost-benefit of nat is under review. | 2005 | 16146504 |
| a survey of incidents in radiology and nuclear medicine in the west of scotland. | data on 606 incidents in radiology and nuclear medicine departments reported to a central health physics service have been analysed and causes reviewed. 85% of incidents in radiology departments and 37% in nuclear medicine were overexposures of patients. 80% of these resulted from human error or procedural failure, and of these 32% were mistakes by the referrer. other incidents in nuclear medicine were contamination events (49%) and failure in management of radioactive materials (10%). effective ... | 2005 | 16177014 |
| survey of zoonoses recorded in scotland between 1993 and 2002. | all the human and animal laboratory reports of zoonoses sent to health protection scotland between 1993 and 2002 were identified. there were 24,946 reports from veterinary laboratories, and 94,718 (20 per cent) of the 468,214 reports from medical laboratories were considered to be zoonotic. the most common reports of zoonoses from people were campylobacter, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia species and escherichia coli o157. the most common reports of zoonoses from animals were salmonella, ... | 2005 | 16311383 |
| prospective epidemiologic study of the outcome and cost-effectiveness of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-hpa-1a. | to assess the value of antenatal screening to detect neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (nait) due to anti-hpa-1a, a prospective study was carried out to quantify the potential clinical benefits and determine whether screening would be cost-effective. | 2005 | 16371049 |
| significant developments in stem cell research. conclusion. | 2005 | 17048372 | |
| association between the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and stroke replicated in a scottish population. | cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (mi) and stroke, most often occur on the background of atherosclerosis, a condition attributed to the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. we recently reported a linkage and association study of mi and stroke that yielded a genetic variant, hapa, in the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (alox5ap), that associates with both diseases in iceland. we also described another alox5ap variant, hapb, t ... | 2005 | 15640973 |
| are national recommendations regarding examination and disposal of products of miscarriage being followed? a need for revised guidelines? | national guidance documents advise that tissue obtained from treatment of miscarriage should be submitted for histological examination to exclude trophoblastic disease and ectopic pregnancy, and require sensitive disposal of human tissue. the aim of this study was to determine the extent to which health professionals have adopted these recommendations. | 2005 | 15644396 |
| concentration and prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces at pasture in scotland. | to study the presence, numbers and virulence profiles of escherichia coli o157 in sheep faeces and validate the microbiological methods used to attain these data. | 2005 | 15715867 |
| examining how well students use correct handling procedures. | to explore the extent to which undergraduates apply taught principles when performing handling and moving activities during practice placements and the factors that influence their application. | 2005 | 15719791 |
| the role of ultraviolet wavelengths in the mate-choice decisions of female three-spined sticklebacks. | female three-spined sticklebacks have been found to use visual cues when responding sexually towards courting males, often preferring more intensely red-coloured males, and males with blue rather than silver irises. however, traditionally the literature has failed to test preference across the full spectral range to which females might be sensitive, limiting analysis to the human-visible wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. we studied the effects that the addition of ultraviolet waveleng ... | 2005 | 15802669 |
| the dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in england and wales (2003/4) and in scotland (2002/3). surveys co-ordinated by the british association for the study of community dentistry. | this paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5 year old children from across england and wales in 2003/4 and scotland in 2002/3. these co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. | 2005 | 15819117 |
| the prevalence of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (cadasil) in the west of scotland. | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (cadasil) is caused by mutations of the notch3 gene on 19p13. varying phenotypic expression leads to under recognition and misdiagnosis. prevalence therefore remains uncertain. we sought to estimate the prevalence of cadasil in the west of scotland. | 2005 | 15834040 |
| association between the trax/disc locus and both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in the scottish population. | the translin-associated factor x/disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (trax/disc) region was first implicated as a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia by analysis of a large scottish family in which a t(1;11) translocation cosegregates with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression. we now report evidence for association between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and this locus in the general scottish population. a systematic study of linkage disequilibrium in a representative sa ... | 2005 | 15838535 |
| dlg5 variants do not influence susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in the scottish population. | recent data have suggested that specific haplotypic variants of the dlg5 gene on chromosome 10q23 may be associated with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in germany. haplotype d, notably characterised by the presence of a g-->a substitution at nucleotide 113, was associated with susceptibility to crohn's disease (cd) whereas an extended haplotype a conferred protection. | 2005 | 15843420 |
| urban diffuse sources of faecal indicators. | increasing concern about bathing water quality in scotland has led to renewed interest in diffuse sources, as well as the already closely monitored municipal sewage effluents and combined sewer overflows (csos) that have been the subject of multi-million pound capital expenditure schemes for several years. early investigations of diffuse sources focused on rural land uses. this paper is an initial effort to consider the possible significance of urban diffuse sources. a review of the potential fo ... | 2005 | 15850189 |
| further hfea restrictions on egg donation in the uk: two strikes and you're out! | the uk and europe have lagged far behind the usa in the number of egg donation cycles performed over the past two decades. this disparity has been largely attributed to governmental restraints placed on the method within these locales, combined with the lack of regulation in the usa. severely limiting donor compensation and requiring donors to be identified 18 years or more after their participation will undoubtedly lead to the demise of egg donation as the uk now knows it. throwing more money a ... | 2005 | 15901447 |
| a tiered risk-based approach for predicting diffuse and point source phosphorus losses in agricultural areas. | implementation of the european union water framework directive requires an assessment of the pressures from human activity, which, combined with information on the sensitivity of the receiving waterbody to the pressures, will identify those water bodies at risk of failing to meet the directive's environmental objectives. part of the process of undertaking the risk assessment for lakes is an assessment of diffuse agricultural phosphorus (p) pressures. three approaches of increasing sophistication ... | 2005 | 15907520 |
| managing knowledge to support the patient journey in nhs scotland: strategic vision and practical reality. | the strategy for nhs scotland knowledge services is set in the context of a global transition to a networked model of management within health services. | 2005 | 15910579 |
| a frameshift mutation in disrupted in schizophrenia 1 in an american family with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. | in a large scottish pedigree, a balanced translocation t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) segregates with major mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and recurrent major depression. the translocation is predicted to result in the loss of the c-terminal region of the protein product of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (disc1), a gene located on 1q42.1. since this initial discovery, disc1 has been functionally implicated in several processes, including neurodevelopment. based on the genetic and ... | 2005 | 15940305 |
| distribution of apolipoprotein e alleles in a scottish healthy newborn population. | the different alleles of the human apolipoprotein e polymorphism, apoe epsilon2, epsilon3, epsilon4, have important implications for systemic lipid metabolism, immunological function and for the brain in maintenance and in response to injury. few studies have focussed on their role in early life. the apoe alleles and genotypes were ascertained in the cord blood of 371 full-term and normal scottish newborn infants using pcr methodology. the results were compared to previously published data for s ... | 2005 | 15942165 |
| patient notification exercise following a dentist's admission of the periodic use of unsterilized equipment. | during 2001, greater glasgow national health service (nhs) board undertook a patient notification exercise in a glasgow dental practice following the admission, by the dentist, of the use of unsterilized dental equipment on patients. four thousand and eighty-nine exposed patients were identified; of these, 1696 contacted the nhs helpline and 1005 were counselled and screened for hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus. one patient showed evidence of prev ... | 2005 | 15942986 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection in the royal infirmary of edinburgh--an audit. | the purpose of the audit was to assess the implementation of the protocols developed by lothian university national health service trust for post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) against blood-borne virus infections. patients at risk of infection after an injury were referred to the department of genitourinary medicine (gum) edinburgh royal infirmary for assessment. a brief description of the incident, the time of the incident, the time of referral and the decision made was documented. the notes of th ... | 2004 | 15006077 |
| national survey for salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in great britain (1999-2000). | the objective of these surveys was to estimate the prevalence of faecal carriage of salmonella in healthy pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter, and of pig carcase contamination with salmonella. these data can be used as a baseline against which future change in salmonella prevalence in these species at slaughter can be monitored. | 2004 | 15012813 |
| investigation of frequency of active borna disease virus infection in scottish blood donors. | borna disease virus (bdv) can infect a wide range of vertebrate species causing neurological disease. in order to ensure the safety of blood supplies, it is essential to monitor blood for emerging pathogens. | 2004 | 15023186 |
| is the prevalence and shedding concentrations of e. coli o157 in beef cattle in scotland seasonal? | the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 in scottish beef cattle at abattoir was found to be greater during the cooler months [11.2% (95% ci, 8.4-13.9%)] compared to the warmer months [7.5% (95% ci, 5.4-9.6%)]; the reverse of seasonality of human infections. however, high shedding beef cattle (excreting 10(-4) g(-1)) appear to shed greater concentrations of e. coli o157 in the warmer months which may partly explain increased human infection seasonality at this time. | 2004 | 15063499 |
| the origin of the isolated population of the faroe islands investigated using y chromosomal markers. | historical, archaeological and linguistic sources suggest that the ancestors of the present day population in the faroe islands may have their origin in several different regions surrounding the north atlantic ocean. in this study we use binary and microsatellite markers of the y chromosome to analyse genetic diversity in the faroese population and to compare this with the distribution of genotypes in the putative ancestral populations. using a combination of genetic distance measures, assignmen ... | 2004 | 15083358 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 remains the principal cause of initial anogenital herpes in edinburgh, scotland. | the goal of this study was to investigate the trends in the prevalence of anogenital herpes caused by herpes simplex virus (hsv) type-1 and hsv-2 among patients attending a sexually transmitted infections clinic. | 2004 | 15107637 |
| nod2/card15, tlr4 and cd14 mutations in scottish and irish crohn's disease patients: evidence for genetic heterogeneity within europe? | nod2/caspase recruitment domain (card)15 variants are identified in up to 50% of crohn's disease (cd) patients. functional variants of toll-like receptor-4 (tlr4) and cd14 genes may also be relevant to disease pathophysiology. we aimed to assess the contribution of nod2/card15, tlr4 and cd14 variants in scottish and irish cd patients. in all, 612 patients with well-characterised inflammatory bowel disease (252 scottish cd, 247 scottish uc, 113 irish cd) and 304 controls were genotyped for varian ... | 2004 | 15190267 |
| runx2 alleles associated with bmd in scottish women; interaction of runx2 alleles with menopausal status and body mass index. | bone mineral density (bmd) is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. we previously reported the association of the runx2 a allele with increased bone mineral density (bmd) and protection against a common form of osteoporotic fracture within a geelong population. we genotyped 991 women from a scottish cohort to decipher the role of runx2 alleles in regulating bmd. the alleles of runx2 within the glutamine-alanine repeat were determined by mspa1i restriction digest. allele frequenci ... | 2004 | 15193550 |
| changing patterns in causes of death in a cohort of injecting drug users, 1980-2001. | high mortality among drug users has been widely recognized. this study investigates, in a large family practice of 10 000 patients in edinburgh, scotland, whether there has been a change in causes of mortality over time. patients known to have ever injected drugs were recruited into a cohort study from 1980 until 2001. | 2004 | 15197047 |
| a genome scan and follow-up study identify a bipolar disorder susceptibility locus on chromosome 1q42. | in this study, we report a genome scan for psychiatric disease susceptibility loci in 13 scottish families. we follow up one of the linkage peaks on chromosome 1q in a substantially larger sample of 22 families affected by schizophrenia (scz) or bipolar affective disorder (bpad). to minimise the effect of genetic heterogeneity, we collected mainly large extended families (average family size >18). the families collected were scottish, carried no chromosomal abnormalities and were unrelated to th ... | 2004 | 15249933 |
| do real time 'flu spotter rates warn us about impending emergency admissions and deaths? | this study aimed to determine how general practice influenza surveillance ('flu spotter) data related to hospital admissions and deaths in scotland during the winter period. 'flu spotter rates correlated well with influenza-related emergency admissions and deaths, and deaths from all causes, particularly during 'peak' influenza years. they may be used in a predictive model for influenza-related hospital admissions and deaths. | 2004 | 15259412 |
| virological surveillance of influenza-like illness in the community using pcr and serology. | surveillance of winter respiratory viral illness has been carried out for nearly 30 years using a clinical diagnosis by general practitioners as part of the scottish sentinel general practice (ssgp) network. contemparaneous laboratory diagnosis has not been available previously. | 2004 | 15288612 |
| an outbreak due to peanuts in their shell caused by salmonella enterica serotypes stanley and newport--sharing molecular information to solve international outbreaks. | salmonellosis is a global problem caused by the international movement of foods and high incidence in exporting countries. in september 2001, in an outbreak investigation australia isolated salmonella stanley from imported peanuts, which resulted in a wider investigation in canada, england & wales and scotland. patients infected with salmonella serotypes known to be isolated from peanuts and reported to surveillance systems were interviewed to determine exposure histories. tagged image file form ... | 2004 | 15310157 |
| human campylobacteriosis in scotland: seasonality, regional trends and bursts of infection. | fourier time-series models were constructed to study regional and national seasonality of human campylobacteriosis in scotland between 1997 and 2001. strong seasonality was demonstrated with an annual peak of reported cases in late june to early july. the prominence of this peak varied between regions, which was exemplified for the two major population centres: lothian, with mixed urban/rural population, had a more prominent peak than greater glasgow, which has a predominantly urban population. ... | 2004 | 15310159 |
| associations between two common variants c677t and a1298c in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and measures of folate metabolism and dna stability (strand breaks, misincorporated uracil, and dna methylation status) in human lymphocytes in vivo. | homozygosity for variants of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) gene is associated with decreased risk for colorectal cancer. we have investigated the relationships between two variants of the mthfr gene (c677t and a1298c) and blood folate, homocysteine, and genomic stability (strand breakage, misincorporated uracil, and global cytosine methylation in lymphocytes) in a study of 199 subjects. | 2004 | 15342443 |
| a genetic mechanism implicates chromosome 11 in schizophrenia and bipolar diseases. | the causes of schizophrenia and bipolar human psychiatric disorders are unknown. a novel somatic cell genetic model postulated nonrandom segregation of "watson" vs. "crick" dna chains of both copies of a chromosome to specific daughter cells. such an oriented asymmetric cell division causes development of healthy, functionally nonequivalent brain hemispheres. genetic translocations of the chromosome may cause disease by disrupting the biased strand-segregation process. only one-half of chromosom ... | 2004 | 15342521 |
| high-level genotypic variation and antibiotic sensitivity among escherichia coli o157 strains isolated from two scottish beef cattle farms. | escherichia coli o157:h7 is a human pathogen that is carried and transmitted by cattle. scotland is known to have one of the highest rates of e. coli o157 human infections in the world. two hundred ninety-three isolates were obtained from naturally infected cattle and the environment on two farms in the scottish highlands. the isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) with xbai restriction endonuclease enzyme, and 19 different variations in patterns were found. there was con ... | 2004 | 15466537 |
| scottish researchers apply for licence for human cloning. | 2004 | 15472259 | |
| cyp3a4 polymorphisms--potential risk factors for breast and prostate cancer: a huge review. | the steroid hydroxylase cyp3a4 is the most abundant p-450 enzyme in the human liver, and cyp3a enzymes metabolize more than 50% of prescription drugs. the cyp3a4 gene is expressed in the liver, gut, colon, prostate, and breast. individual variation in cyp3a4 may play a role in breast and prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of sex hormone metabolite levels. alternatively, cyp3a4 can metabolically activate exogenous carcinogens. cyp3a4 activity varies widely in humans, and more than 78 dna ... | 2004 | 15496535 |
| newspaper coverage of a violent assault by a mentally ill person. | the media is an important source of public information on mental ill-health. a man with a serious psychiatric illness attacked a minister with a knife at a remembrance sunday service in a remote, rural part of the highlands, inflicting a severe facial wound. we aimed to identify lessons for the national health service (nhs) from the media coverage of the incident and of a subsequent court case and nhs highland inquiry and in addition to explore how newspaper reporters approached reporting such i ... | 2004 | 15544660 |
| androgen receptor gene methylation and exon one cag repeat length in ovarian cancer: differences from breast cancer. | more than one neoplastic founder clone can exist in benign epithelial tumours. although theories of clonal selection make pluriclonality appear unlikely in carcinomas, published data do not exclude this possibility. this study looked for evidence of multiclonal x inactivation in ovarian carcinoma using ar methylation as a marker. fifteen unifocal ovarian carcinomas and 14 multifocal carcinomas all in scottish patients were studied. one representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour block ... | 2004 | 15545219 |
| shedding patterns of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli strains in a cohort of calves and their dams on a scottish beef farm. | rectal fecal samples were taken once a week from 49 calves on the same farm. in addition, the dams of the calves were sampled at the time of calf birth and at the end of the study. strains of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) were isolated from these samples by using pcr and dna probe hybridization tests and were characterized with respect to serotype, verocytotoxin gene (vtx) type, and the presence of the intimin (eae) and hemolysin (ehxa) genes. a total of 170 vtec strains were i ... | 2004 | 15574948 |
| multiple high risk hpv infections are common in cervical neoplasia and young women in a cervical screening population. | if human papillomavirus (hpv) testing is to be included within cervical screening programmes, the importance of multiple hpv infections in cervical neoplasia needs to be determined. this study investigated the diversity of multiple hpv types in a routine cervical screening population, and assessed associations with cervical neoplasia. | 2004 | 14693839 |
| high resolution hla-drb1 identification of a caucasian population. | polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes typing methods have been applied to 1000 individuals from the northern ireland population to give human leukocyte antigen drb1 (hla-drb1) allele assignment. hla-drb1 allele frequencies and four-locus haplotypes (a/b/c/dr) for this caucasian population, based on hla class i and class ii allele assignment, are now presented. no significant deviations from hardy-weinberg proportions were observed. the hla-c locus exhibited marginal ... | 2004 | 14700598 |
| characterization of common genetic variants in cathepsin k and testing for association with bone mineral density in a large cohort of perimenopausal women from scotland. | bmd values in approximately 3000 perimenopausal scottish women were adjusted by regression to identify and account for nongenetic factors. adjusted bmd values were not associated with simple tandem repeat (str) markers or single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at the cathepsin k (ctsk) locus. we present a thorough analysis of common ctsk polymorphisms and genetic relatedness among ctsk haplotypes. | 2004 | 14753734 |
| methods for sentinel virological surveillance of influenza in europe - an 18-country survey. | the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss) is based on an integrated clinical and virological surveillance model. to assess the comparability of virological data, a questionnaire was sent to participants in june 2002 enquiring about specimen collection, laboratory diagnosis of influenza and tests for other respiratory infections. the results showed differences, but also uniformity in virological data collection methods. similarities were reported for the specimen collection procedures; th ... | 2004 | 14762319 |
| haemochromatosis gene mutations and risk of coronary heart disease: a west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops) substudy. | to measure the frequency of genotypes of the hfe (haemochromatosis) gene in patients recruited to the west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops), and relate them to the subsequent occurrence of coronary clinical events. | 2004 | 14966054 |
| association study of notch 4 polymorphisms with alzheimer's disease. | the notch4 gene is located at 6p21.3, a site shown in several studies to have significant linkage with alzheimer's disease. | 2004 | 14966150 |
| spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 in scotland: genetic and clinical features in seven unrelated cases and a review of published reports. | to establish whether the dna expansion linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (sca 8) is associated with ataxia in scotland; to clarify the range of associated clinical phenotypes; and to compare the findings with previous reports. | 2004 | 14966165 |
| [forbidden anatomy]. | since centuries anatomists have used any course of action in order to get hold of material for dissections, and at the same time avoid prosecution for grave robbery, at times the only way to get hold of cadavers. stealing newly dead people from the churchyards and offering them for sale to anatomical institutions was not uncommon in the 19th century. "resurrectionists"--as these thieves were called, as they made the dead "alive"--were seen as necessary for the teaching of anatomy in victorian br ... | 2004 | 15608779 |
| relationship of the platelet glycoprotein pla and fibrinogen t/g+1689 polymorphisms with peripheral arterial disease and ischaemic heart disease. | genetic variation in plasma fibrinogen and the platelet receptor gp iiia locus has been independently associated with increased risks of ischaemic heart disease, but there have been few reports on the relationship with peripheral arterial disease. this study determined the risk of peripheral arterial disease and ischaemic heart disease associated with polymorphisms of fibrinogen t/g(+1689) and platelet glycoprotein pl(a) genes and the effects of cigarette smoking and fibrinogen. | 2003 | 14987913 |
| seascape with monkeys and guinea-pigs: britain's biological weapons research programme, 1948-54. | the british biological weapons (bw) research programme based at porton down continued after the second world war. five series of bw experiments with animals at sea were undertaken to supplement laboratory work. the causative organisms for plague, brucellosis, tularemia and later venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and vaccinia viruses were tested in the caribbean near antigua in the late 1940s, in hebridean waters (north-west scotland) in the early 1950s and off nassau in the bahamas in 1953-54. ... | 2003 | 14703127 |
| long-term study of antibody response and injection-site effects of oil adjuvants in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l). | atlantic halibut were injected intraperitoneally with human gamma globulin suspended in either phosphate buffered saline, freunds complete adjuvant or montanide isa711 to test the long-term effects of adjuvants. every month for 12 months up to five animals from each group were sampled. the peritoneal cavity was examined and the adhesion level scored on an arbitrary scale. serum was also collected and analysed by elisa for antibodies to human gamma globulin. results show that whilst fca produced ... | 2003 | 12657538 |
| multilocus genotyping of cryptosporidium parvum type 2: population genetics and sub-structuring. | cryptosporidium parvum is an intracellular protozoan parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals. it has significant economic importance as a pathogen of livestock and, as there is no effective treatment or vaccine available, understanding transmission routes and identifying sources of infection is key to preventing future outbreaks and controlling this disease. in this study we have determined the multilocus genotype (mlg) of 240 c. parvum type 2 (bovine) isolat ... | 2003 | 14522184 |
| a polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene predicts cardiovascular events in non-smokers in the west of scotland coronary prevention study. | the association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) gene polymorphisms with risk of a cardiovascular event and whether any association was explained by an influence on high-density lipoprotein (hdl) levels or low-density lipoprotein (ldl) size was tested in the west of scotland coronary prevention study (woscops). gene-smoking and gene-treatment interactions were investigated. | 2003 | 14563342 |
| man convicted of grievous bodily harm for infecting two women with hiv. | 2003 | 14576243 | |
| epidemiology of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium in animals and people in scotland between 1990 and 2001. | two serovars of salmonella which are currently of particular importance in both human and animal infections are salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) and typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104). this paper describes the trends in the relationships between the levels of infection of people and a range of farm animal species with these two serovars and explores some of the reasons behind them. in 1996, there was a peak of 520 reports of s typhimurium dt104 infection in people ... | 2003 | 14620550 |
| the population structure of mycobacterium bovis in great britain: clonal expansion. | we have analyzed 11,500 isolates of mycobacterium bovis (the cause of tuberculosis in cattle and other mammals) isolated in great britain (england, wales and scotland)] and characterized by spoligotype. genetic exchange between cells is rare or absent in strains of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex so that, by using spoligotypes, it is possible to recognize "clones" with a recent common ancestor. the distribution of variable numbers of tandem repeats types in the most common clone in the da ... | 2003 | 14657373 |
| how should we evaluate patient access to their own records? an example with cancer patients in scotland. | government policy in many european countries now assumes that patients should have access to their own medical records. increasingly such access can be used as one method of tailoring a wide range of information to the patient. process evaluation, to ensure that human computer interfaces of such systems are appropriate, is needed during their design and implementation. however, studies to assess the impact on health outcomes are relatively expensive and time consuming so are they worth doing? we ... | 2003 | 14663979 |
| a y chromosome census of the british isles. | the degree of population replacement in the british isles associated with cultural changes has been extensively debated. recent work has demonstrated that comparisons of genetic variation in the british isles and on the european continent can illuminate specific demographic processes in the history of the british isles. for example, wilson et al. used the similarity of basque and celtic y chromosomes to argue for genetic continuity from the upper palaeolithic to the present in the paternal histo ... | 2003 | 12781138 |
| the hydra, captain aj brock and the treatment of shell-shock in edinburgh. | 2003 | 12830809 | |
| genetic polymorphism of hla dr in a scottish population of patients with pars planitis. | human leucocyte antigen (hla) class ii influences the immunological susceptibility for a variety of diseases including many types of non-infectious intraocular inflammation. previous studies on north american patients with pars planitis, a subtype of intermediate uveitis, reported an increased prevalence of hla dr15 in this population. in contrast, two european studies could not find an association between hla dr2 or its allelic subtype dr15 and various forms of intermediate uveitis. we therefor ... | 2003 | 12841565 |
| women's health in midlife: findings from a british birth cohort study. | the medical research council's national survey of health and development (mrcnshd) is a prospective cohort study of 2547 women and 2815 men, a sample of all the births that took place in england, scotland and wales between 3-9 march 1946. it is one of the longest running large-scale studies of human development in the world, aiming to identify lifetime biological, social and psychological pathways to health and disease, from early life to ageing. a special study of women's health in midlife and ... | 2003 | 12844426 |
| frequency, viral loads, and serotype identification of enterovirus infections in scottish blood donors. | enteroviruses are non-enveloped, frequently pathogenic rna viruses infecting humans. infection is potentially transmissible through blood or blood component transfusion from donor in the viremic phase before seroconversion for antibody. to investigate the threat to blood safety from enteroviruses, a large-scale survey of frequency and levels of viremia in blood donors was conducted. study designs and methods: blood donations from scotland over a period of 22 calendar months were screened for ent ... | 2003 | 12869111 |
| infectious disease mortality in two outer hebridean islands: 1. measles, pertussis and influenza. | the purpose of the study was to examine changes in mortality from measles, pertussis (whooping cough) and influenza (all epidemic diseases) in harris and barra, two outer hebridean islands, from 1855 to 1990, and to compare the findings with those from scotland as a whole over the same period. it was also intended to relate changes in mortality to those in social and economic factors. | 2003 | 12881144 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a: should we be doing more to vaccinate injecting drug users? | since 2001 there have been significant outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) across south yorkshire, largely in intravenous drug users, and hav infection has been reported to be an increasing problem in england and scotland during this time. this paper reports a brief investigation to clarify current hav epidemiology in england and wales. the epidemiology of hav in england, but not yet wales, has recently changed. laboratory reports now show that most cases are occurring in young adults, mainly y ... | 2003 | 12889286 |
| fatal human rabies caused by european bat lyssavirus type 2a infection in scotland. | we wish to report the first recorded case of indigenous human rabies caused by a bat bite in the united kingdom in 100 years. this instructive case report highlights a number of key lessons: first, bites from insectivorous bats indiginous to the united kingdom can cause rabies in humans; second, rabies immunization is essential for bat-handlers, and postexposure treatment for rabies is essential for patients bitten by bats; third, patients able to give a history who present with acute flaccid pa ... | 2003 | 12905146 |
| maternal consumption of a high-meat, low-carbohydrate diet in late pregnancy: relation to adult cortisol concentrations in the offspring. | recent studies have linked maternal consumption of an unbalanced high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet in late pregnancy with raised adult blood pressure in the offspring. because high-protein diets stimulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, we hypothesized that an unbalanced maternal diet might increase maternal cortisol levels, exposing the fetus to excess cortisol and programming lifelong hypersecretion of cortisol. we therefore measured fasting plasma cortisol concentrations in 251 sub ... | 2003 | 12915635 |
| the prevalence of haemochromatosis gene mutations in the west of scotland and their relation to ischaemic heart disease. | excess iron stores have been postulated to enhance the risk of ischaemic heart disease. this study aims to determine whether the two major mutations of the haemochromatosis (hfe) gene (c282y and h63d) are associated with ischaemic heart disease (ihd) or myocardial infarction (mi). | 2003 | 12923017 |
| foot and mouth epidemic reduces cases of human cryptosporidiosis in scotland. | in scotland, rates of cryptosporidiosis infection in humans peak during the spring, a peak that is coincident with the peak in rates of infection in farm animals (during lambing and calving time). here we show that, during the outbreak of foot and mouth disease (fmd) in 2001, there was a significant reduction in human cases of cryptosporidiosis infection in southern scotland, where fmd was present, whereas, in the rest of scotland, there was a reduction in cases that was not significant. we asso ... | 2003 | 12934196 |
| community pediatrics research. | increasing recognition of the complexity and importance of social determinants of child health has changed dramatically the scope, direction, and purpose of pediatric research. considered in the context of the evolving research on the role of the human genome in determining the functional status of children and adults, the increasing focus on the social determinants of health emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary collaboration in research endeavors. the changing roles of children and youths ... | 2003 | 12949348 |
| pesticide firms ask to use human data to assess safety. | 2003 | 12529604 | |
| the assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. 1967. | 2003 | 12572562 | |
| investigation of human infections with salmonella enterica serovar java in scotland and possible association with imported poultry. | pfge analysis of s. java strains (29 from humans, 30 from poultry meat) showed two major clusters. all isolates from poultry imported from the netherlands belonged to cluster a, which also comprised 10 human isolates. thirty-one of the 37 isolates in this cluster had an identical javx1 pattern, similar to the x8 profile of a particular s. java clone predominant in poultry production in several european countries. cluster b comprised 19 human isolates and two poultry isolates of unknown origin. t ... | 2003 | 12631973 |
| the gene for hmsn2c maps to 12q23-24: a region of neuromuscular disorders. | hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 2c (hmsn2c, charcot-marie-tooth 2c [cmt2c]) is an autosomal dominant motor and sensory neuropathy involving limb, diaphragm, vocal cord, and intercostal muscles. | 2003 | 12682323 |
| professional advantage and public health: british veterinarians and state veterinary services, 1865-1939. | at the beginning of the twentieth century, municipal authorities in england and wales, and in scotland, began to develop systems of veterinary public health which encompassed both the welfare of animals and the safety of meat and milk intended for human consumption. this paper examines the motives behind veterinary attempts to extend the integration of human and animal health considerations within the public health framework in the inter-war period. in 1938 the ministry of agriculture implemente ... | 2003 | 12688295 |
| the threat of climate change to freshwater pearl mussel populations. | changes in climate are occurring around the world and the effects on ecosystems will vary, depending on the extent and nature of these changes. in northern europe, experts predict that annual rainfall will increase significantly, along with dramatic storm events and flooding in the next 50-100 years. scotland is a stronghold of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel, margaritifera margaritifera (l.), and a number of populations may be threatened. for example, large floods have been shown to adve ... | 2003 | 12691490 |
| anaesthetists' non-technical skills (ants): evaluation of a behavioural marker system. | non-technical skills are critical for good anaesthetic practice but are not addressed explicitly in normal training. realization of the need to train and assess these skills is growing, but these activities must be based on properly developed skills frameworks and validated measurement tools. a prototype behavioural marker system was developed using human factors research techniques. the aim of this study was to conduct an experimental evaluation to establish its basic psychometric properties an ... | 2003 | 12697584 |
| william porterfield (ca. 1696-1771) and his phantom limb: an overlooked first self-report by a man of medicine. | early reports of phantom limbs by ambroise paré and rené descartes were based on second- or third-hand descriptions provided by amputees. william porterfield (ca. 1696-1771) was a prominent scottish physician and was possibly the first man of medicine to write about his experiences after having a leg amputated. porterfield was an authority on vision; he devised the first optometer and examined accommodation after cataract operations. rather than using the phenomenon of a phantom limb to question ... | 2003 | 12699565 |
| henry wade (1876-1955) and cancer research: early years in the life of a pioneer of urological surgery. | this paper describes the microscopic studies of human and experimental cancers made by henry wade during the years 1904-9. william ford robertson, his mentor, and wade claimed to have discovered a microbial cause of human cancer. the claim was at once fiercely disputed. wade turned to the investigation of a transmissible sarcoma of the dog, during which he demonstrated an early form of immune transplant rejection. he also undertook studies of hodgkin's disease. later in life, wade established ur ... | 2003 | 12717535 |
| first rotavirus, now astrovirus: the evolving benefits of rt-pcr. | we compared rt-pcr and a newly developed amplified eia for the detection of human astrovirus (hastv) in 48 stool samples taken from children of less than five years of age with gastroenteritis. the rt-pcr classified more samples as positive than the eia (18 versus 8). without sensitive diagnosis, infection control policies will be disadvantaged and the true economic burden of hastv underestimated. | 2003 | 12736977 |
| the identification of a us serviceman recovered from the holy loch, scotland. | during february and march 2000, human remains were recovered from the holy loch, scotland. police enquiries identified 13 males that had gone missing, presumed drowned in the holy loch or the adjoining lochs, over the previous 35 years. osteological examination of the remains established they were from a male, aged between 15 and 23 and 168-174 cm tall. this information eliminated ten of the known missing persons. dna profiles, both str and mitochondrial were generated from the remains and compa ... | 2003 | 12744005 |
| children's participation in healthcare in the uk--gesture, rhetoric, or real involvement? | in the united kingdom (england, wales, scotland, and northern ireland) children and their best interests are protected through a range of best practice initiatives, and legislation and guidance at country, national, european, and global levels. some of the recent commitment by the government may be the result of enlightened thinking, but some of it has resulted from the aftermath of at least two major healthcare incidents. this article reviews the uk's recent national and international efforts t ... | 2002 | 12744268 |
| real-time modelling of influenza outbreaks--a linear regression analysis. | seasonal outbreaks of influenza exert a considerable burden on health services, and are notorious for their variability from year to year. making use of historical data from the scottish sentinelle surveillance since 1972, a potential candidate model has been derived based on simple linear regression. it was applied with a measure of success in the 1999-2000 winter season. | 2002 | 12631985 |
| human bedbug infestation of a domestic cat. | 2002 | 12356240 | |
| the annual societal cost of alcohol misuse in scotland. | to estimate the annual socioeconomic burden imposed by alcohol misuse on scottish society. | 2002 | 12381241 |
| susceptibility to varicella-zoster virus in applicants for nurse training in scotland. | we investigated the immunity to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) of a cohort of applicants for nurse training and determined the relationship between immune status and history of chickenpox or shingles based on a self-completed questionnaire. three hundred and fifty-six applicants for nurse training were enrolled at an occupational health department in nhs scotland and 96% were immune to vzv. the positive predictive value of a history of vzv infection for seropositivity was 98% (286/292). the negati ... | 2002 | 12434695 |
| an eight-month study of a population of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) in a scottish cattle herd. | strains of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) from scottish beef cattle on the same farm were isolated during four visits over a period of eight months. characteristics of these strains were examined to allow comparisons with strains of vtec associated with human infection. | 2002 | 12452950 |
| human case of ebl type 2 following exposure to bats in angus, scotland. | 2002 | 12498413 | |
| management of ectopic pregnancy in a scottish teaching hospital: implications for training. | an audit was undertaken to assess the management of 50 consecutive women with an ectopic pregnancy at a teaching hospital in scotland. the ectopic pregnancy was removed laparoscopically in 62% and of these women 80% were discharged home on the first postoperative day. in a minority of patients, elements of substandard care were identified including failure to operate when the ectopic pregnancy had been visualised on ultrasound or in the presence of static hcg levels in patients with an empty ute ... | 2002 | 12521708 |
| william hunter's gravid uterus: the specimens and plates. | william hunter's collection of anatomical specimens of the pregnant uterus forms one of the finest displays in the anatomy museum at the university of glasgow. we were interested to know which specimens in the museum matched the plates in hunter's the anatomy of the human gravid uterus exhibited in figures (1774). in our investigation we were greatly assisted by teacher's catalogue of the anatomical and pathological preparations of dr william hunter (1900). thirteen specimens in the museum and o ... | 2002 | 12112351 |
| influenza and pneumococcal vaccine distribution and use in primary care and hospital settings in scotland: coverage, practice and policies. | a survey of the coverage, distribution and the factors associated with use of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among general practitioners (gps) in primary care and in hospital settings was carried out in 53 general practices in scotland taking part in the 'continuous morbidity recording' (cmr) programme. the annual vaccine distribution increased substantially among 53 general practices from 1993 to 1999 and in scotland as a whole from 1984 to 1999. from the questionnaire, overall coverage wa ... | 2002 | 12113489 |