Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| yearworth v. north bristol nhs trust: a property case of uncertain significance? | it has long been the position in law that, subject to some minor but important exceptions, property cannot be held in the human body, whether living or dead. in the recent case of yearworth and others v north bristol nhs trust, however, the court of appeal for england and wales revisited the property debate and threw into doubt a number of doctrines with respect to property and the body. this brief article analyses yearworth, (1) reviewing the facts and the court's decision with respect to the o ... | 2010 | 20596782 |
| inhibitory effect of timp influences the morphology of varicose veins. | imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (mmp) and their inhibitors (timps) may contribute to the development of varicose veins. we hypothesised that, histological changes in varicose vein wall correlate with alterations in expression of mmp/timp. | 2010 | 20598922 |
| aubrey leatham and the introduction of cardiac pacing to the uk. | in the early 1950s, dr aubrey leatham established a cardiac unit at st. george's hospital, hyde park corner, london. he developed and taught the essential clinical skill of cardiac auscultation. under his guidance a clinical department for the care of cardiac patients was developed and coupled to physiological academic research. he was a pioneer in cardiac pacing and, in 1961, harold siddons, o'neal humphries, and aubrey leatham implanted the first 'indwelling' pacemaker in the uk in a 65-year-o ... | 2010 | 20603304 |
| early pleistocene human occupation at the edge of the boreal zone in northwest europe. | the dispersal of early humans from africa by 1.75 myr ago led to a marked expansion of their range, from the island of flores in the east to the iberian peninsula in the west. this range encompassed tropical forest, savannah and mediterranean habitats, but has hitherto not been demonstrated beyond 45 degrees n. until recently, early colonization in europe was thought to be confined to the area south of the pyrenees and alps. however, evidence from pakefield (suffolk, uk) at approximately 0.7 myr ... | 2010 | 20613840 |
| long-term follow-up of the first patients to undergo transcatheter alcohol septal ablation. | we describe the 10-year outcome of the first-in-human series of 12 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with alcohol septal ablation. there was no 30-day mortality. survival free of death, internal cardiac defibrillator discharge for treatment of ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, severe new york heart association (nyha) class iii/iv and/or canadian cardiovascular society class iii/iv symptoms and the need for surgical myectomy in this cohort was 91% at 1 year and 73% at 10 ye ... | 2010 | 20616549 |
| prnp allelic series from 19 years of prion protein gene sequencing at the mrc prion unit. | mutation of the human prion protein gene (prnp) open reading frame (orf) accounts for almost all reported familial concurrence of prion disease. the more common mutations globally: octapeptide repeat insertions, p102l, d178n, e200k, and v210i have occurred in large multigenerational pedigrees and display autosomal dominant inheritance, however, many rare genetic changes have been reported that are of uncertain pathogenicity. based on 19 years of prnp sequencing at the mrc prion unit, london, and ... | 2010 | 20583301 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in older people. | the number of older people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the uk is rising. older people are at risk of acquiring hiv infection for a multitude of reasons. this, combined with effective hiv treatment which has significantly prolonged life expectancy, means that health care professionals working in the uk can expect to see increasing numbers of older people with hiv infection. in this review article, we summarise the epidemiology of hiv amongst older people, including data from ... | 2010 | 20190230 |
| a lipopolysaccharide adsorber in adult cardiopulmonary bypass: a single centre randomised controlled pilot trial. | the aim of this study was to describe the biochemical effects and safety of selective removal of endotoxin from whole blood using a lipopolysaccharide adsorber during complex cardiac surgery. | 2010 | 20385666 |
| using supported learning to ensure nurse recruits are skilled to care for acutely ill patients. | recruiting registered nurses to acute care wards can be difficult as applicants often lack the necessary skills to work with acutely ill patients. to overcome this problem the royal united hospital bath trust set up an acute care training programme. through partnership working between managers, clinical, education and human resource staff, it provides an opportunity for nurses to develop confidence and competence to meet the needs of the acutely ill. | 2010 | 20391835 |
| mainstreaming genetics: a comparative review of clinical services for inherited cardiovascular conditions in the uk. | inherited cardiovascular conditions (iccs) are a group of monogenic disorders caused by mutations in the components of the electrical and contractile system of the heart or its vasculature. iccs include arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, inherited arteriopathies such as marfan syndrome, muscular dystrophies, and familial hypercholesterolaemia. epidemiological data on iccs are sparse but a survey of the available literature suggests that there are approximately 340,000 prevalent cases of these condit ... | 2010 | 20395692 |
| a novel paclitaxel-eluting stent with an ultrathin abluminal biodegradable polymer 9-month outcomes with the jactax hd stent. | the jactax hd trial ("jactax" trial drug eluting stent trial) evaluated the safety and clinical performance of a novel jactax hd (boston scientific corporation, natick, massachusetts) paclitaxel-eluting stent (pes) in de novo coronary lesions. | 2010 | 20398872 |
| occupation and mortality related to alcohol, drugs and sexual habits. | to identify opportunities for targeted prevention, we explored differences in occupational mortality from diseases and injuries related to alcohol consumption, sexual habits and drug abuse. | 2010 | 20407041 |
| evaluation of international recruitment of health professionals in england. | to explore whether a period of intensive international recruitment by the english national health service (nhs) achieved its objectives of boosting workforce numbers and to set this against the wider costs, longer-term challenges and questions arising. | 2010 | 20410188 |
| legal implications of tissue. | this paper reviews the legal rules that govern the way surgeons deal with human tissues during the course of diagnosing and treating their patients. the topic is dominated by the human tissue act 2004, which was enacted in september 2006; thus, the article applies specifically only to england, wales and northern ireland, since scotland has separate legislation (human tissue (scotland) act 2006). although the human tissue act 2004 was built largely upon a plethora of legal principles that were de ... | 2010 | 20412669 |
| the prevalence and natural history of dominant optic atrophy due to opa1 mutations. | autosomal dominant optic atrophy (doa) is a major cause of visual impairment in young adults that is characterized by selective retinal ganglion cell loss. to define the prevalence and natural history of this optic nerve disorder, we performed a population-based epidemiologic and molecular study of presumed doa cases in the north of england. | 2010 | 20417570 |
| hospital stays for young adults with flu shot up in england in 2009. | 2010 | 20418247 | |
| the concept of 'nursing' in the abortion services. | this paper is a report of a study of the perceptions of nurses who work in abortion services. | 2010 | 20423372 |
| incorporation of a genetic factor into an epidemiologic model for prediction of individual risk of lung cancer: the liverpool lung project. | the liverpool lung project (llp) has previously developed a risk model for prediction of 5-year absolute risk of lung cancer based on five epidemiologic risk factors. sez6l, a met430iie polymorphic variant found on 22q12.2 region, has been previously linked with an increased risk of lung cancer in a case-control population. in this article, we quantify the improvement in risk prediction with addition of sez6l to the llp risk model. data from 388 llp subjects genotyped for sez6l single-nucleotide ... | 2010 | 20424129 |
| chemokine ligand 2 genetic variants, serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels, and the risk of coronary artery disease. | in humans, evidence about the association between levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1), its coding gene chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 2 (ccl2), and risk of coronary artery disease (cad) is contradictory. | 2010 | 20431065 |
| the darwins and wells: from revolution to evolution. | in the biography of his grandfather (erasmus darwin), charles darwin hinted that his father (robert darwin) had received parental assistance in conducting and writing his medical thesis (which concerned afterimages). the experiments also involved visual vertigo, and they were elaborated by the senior darwin in his zoonomia, published in 1794. erasmus darwin's interpretation was in terms of trying to pursue peripheral afterimages formed during rotation; it was at variance with one published two y ... | 2010 | 20446155 |
| darwin's unsolved problem: the place of consciousness in an evolutionary world. | "how does consciousness commence?" when darwin set about developing his evolution theory on his return from the beagle circumnavigation in 1836, he quickly realized that one major problem was, precisely, the existence of "mind" in a material world. this paper reviews his early struggles with this problem and pursues it into his later writings, especially the 1872 expression of emotions and in the work of his disciple g. j. romanes. in the 1871 descent of man, darwin admits defeat, writing that " ... | 2010 | 20446156 |
| neurognostics question. metamorphosis of a man: diagnosing joseph merrick. proteus syndrome. | 2010 | 20446160 | |
| a comprehensive study of the association between the egfr and erbb2 genes and glioma risk. | glioma is the most common type of adult brain tumor and glioblastoma, its most aggressive form, has a dismal prognosis. receptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr, erbb2, erbb3, erbb4) family, and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vegfr), play a central role in tumor progression. we investigated the genetic variants of egfr, erbb2, vegfr and their ligands, egf and vegf on glioma and glioblastoma risk. in addition, we evaluated the association of g ... | 2010 | 20446891 |
| ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha, beta and delta gene variants: associations with obesity related phenotypes in the leeds family study. | to identify novel polymorphisms in the genes encoding the transcription factors ccaat/enhancer binding protein alpha, beta and delta ( cebpa, cebpb, cebpd) and investigate associations between polymorphisms and obesity-related phenotypes. | 2010 | 20460359 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and migrant "risk environments": the case of the ethiopian and eritrean immigrant community in the west midlands of the uk. | the flow of migrants from high human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence regions such as sub-saharan africa to western countries is changing the profile of hiv infection in host countries, with immigrants from these countries accounting for the majority of heterosexually acquired hiv infection. few studies have been conducted on the sexual culture and practices of different migrant african communities living in western countries including the uk. significant gaps therefore exist in our knowl ... | 2010 | 20480439 |
| novel noninvasive identification of biomarkers by analytical profiling of chronic wounds using volatile organic compounds. | a complex profile of volatile organic compounds ("voc"s) emanates from human skin, which is altered by changes in the body's metabolic or hormonal state, the external environment, and the bacterial species colonizing the skin surface. the aim of this study was to compare voc profiles sampled from chronic leg wounds with those from asymptomatic skin. five participants with chronic arterial leg ulcers were selected. voc samples were obtained using polydimethylsilicone membranes ("skin-patch method ... | 2010 | 20492633 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009: setting up a multi-agency regional response centre--a toolkit for other public health emergencies. | the h1n1 pandemic emerged from mexico in april 2009. in the uk, local health protection units were quickly overwhelmed with calls from health professionals seeking public health advice on this novel virus. the health protection agency (hpa) led the initial response and established regional flu response centres (frcs). in london, the hpa's flu response moved swiftly from four in-house emergency operations centres to a fully functional multiagency response centre in rented office space, working wi ... | 2010 | 20494880 |
| an investigation into the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two soil size fractions at a former industrial site in ne england, uk using in situ pfe-gc-ms. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) concentrations were determined in 16 topsoils (0-10 cm) collected across the site of a former tar works in ne england. the soils were prepared in the laboratory to two different particle size fractions: <250 μm (fraction a) and >250 μm to <2 mm (fraction b). sixteen priority pahs were analysed in the soils using in situ pressurised fluid extraction (pfe) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the average total pah concentration in the soil ... | 2010 | 20496100 |
| variability of parathyroid hormone and other markers of bone mineral metabolism in patients receiving hemodialysis. | clinical management of mineral bone disorder in patients with kidney failure is guided by biochemical targets, in particular parathyroid hormone (pth) concentration. the biologic variation of pth and other bone mineral markers was measured in hemodialysis patients to better define their role in management. | 2010 | 20498246 |
| hba1c league tables: might assay variability encourage foul play? | 2010 | 20501454 | |
| chemist, entomologist, darwinian, and man of affairs: raphael meldola and the making of a scientific career. | raphael meldola frs (1849-1915) was professor of chemistry at the city and guilds technical college in finsbury. he was a colleague and close friend of silvanus phillips thompson frs (1851-1916), the college principal and professor of physics. this paper follows an earlier one on thompson and the making of his career. it is intended to illustrate further the ways in which scientists of meldola and thompson's generation gained advancement within the scientific community. meldola had interests bey ... | 2010 | 20503778 |
| the unmaking of an anthropologist: wallace returns from the field, 1862-70. | this essay follows alfred russel wallace back from the field in 1862, tracing how his views on human evolution developed after his field experiences in the east indies and how he articulated them within the social structure of british science during the 1860s. it analyses his involvement in the metropolitan scientific institutions dedicated to the study of man, the ethnological society of london and its breakaway counterpart, the anthropological society of london, which offered differing visions ... | 2010 | 20503822 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 and mortality in the united kingdom: risk factors for death, april 2009 to march 2010. | this paper describes the epidemiology of fatal pandemic influenza a(h1n1) cases in the united kingdom (uk) since april 2009 and in particular risk factors associated with death. a fatal case was defined as a uk resident who died between 27 april 2009 and 12 march 2010, in whom pandemic influenza a(h1n1) infection was confirmed by laboratory or recorded on death certificate. case fatality ratios (cfr) were calculated using the estimated cumulative number of clinical cases as the denominator. the ... | 2010 | 20504388 |
| chest radiography findings in adults with pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza. | the current pandemic of a novel influenza a (h1n1) virus, commonly referred to as "swine flu", began in mexico in march 2009 and reached the uk in april 2009. by 21 july 2009, more than 850 suspected cases of influenza had been seen at birmingham heartlands hospital (bhh), including 52 adults with laboratory-confirmed pandemic h1n1 influenza who were admitted. of seven patients (13%) requiring intensive care, six needed mechanical ventilation, two needed extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ecm ... | 2010 | 20505030 |
| modulation of hiv-1 macrophage-tropism among r5 envelopes occurs before detection of neutralizing antibodies. | hiv-1 r5 viruses vary widely in their capacity to infect primary macrophages. r5 macrophage-tropism is associated with an increased envelope:cd4 affinity that partly results from an increased exposure of cd4 contact residues on gp120 and allows the use of low levels of cd4 for infection. the selective pressures in vivo that modulate r5 macrophage-tropism are not understood. it is possible that different r5 variants adapt for replication in either t-cells (high cd4) or in macrophages (low cd4). h ... | 2010 | 20507591 |
| incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 infection in england: a cross-sectional serological study. | knowledge of the age-specific prevalence of immunity from, and incidence of infection with, 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus is essential for modelling the future burden of disease and the effectiveness of interventions such as vaccination. | 2010 | 20096450 |
| vaccination against pandemic influenza a/h1n1v in england: a real-time economic evaluation. | decisions on how to mitigate an evolving pandemic are technically challenging. we present a real-time assessment of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative influenza a/h1n1v vaccination strategies. a transmission dynamic model was fitted to the estimated number of cases in real-time, and used to generate plausible autumn scenarios under different vaccination options. the proportion of these cases by age and risk group leading to primary care consultations, national pandemic flu s ... | 2010 | 20096762 |
| investigation of farms linked to human patients with cryptosporidiosis in england and wales. | the study investigates farms suspected of being sources of zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis. a variety of implicated farm animal species were sampled and tested to detect cryptosporidium oocysts and investigate genetic linkage with human patients. risk factor information was collected from each farm and analysed by multivariable logistic regression to detect significant associations between factors and cryptosporidium in animals. the results showed that average sample prevalence of cryptosporidi ... | 2010 | 20096944 |
| predicting the postmortem submersion interval for human remains recovered from u.k. waterways. | this article aims to increase accuracy in estimating the postmortem submersion interval (pmsi) for bodies recovered from rivers in the united kingdom. data were collected from closed case files, crime scene reports, and autopsy files concerning bodies recovered over a 15-year period from the river clyde, scotland, and the river mersey and canals in northwest england. one hundred and eighty-seven cases met the study criteria and were scored by quantifying the overall amount of decomposition obser ... | 2010 | 20102465 |
| predicted impact of vaccination against human papillomavirus 16/18 on cancer incidence and cervical abnormalities in women aged 20-29 in the uk. | human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination has been approved in more than 90 countries and is being implemented in many of these. in the uk, vaccination for girls aged 12-13 with catch-up for girls up to age 18 was introduced in 2008, using the bivalent gsk vaccine (cervarix). | 2010 | 20104226 |
| human resources. get the measure of your team. | 2010 | 20120611 | |
| school absence data for influenza surveillance: a pilot study in the united kingdom. | school-age children are at a high risk of acute respiratory virus infections including the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1). school absence records have been suggested as a tool for influenza surveillance. we analysed absence records from six primary schools (children aged from around five to 11 years) in london during the years 2005 to 2007 in order to provide baseline epidemiological characteristics of illness-related school absence, and to correlate school absence with seasonal influenza. the ... | 2010 | 20122378 |
| unrecognised scurvy. signs and requirements. | 2010 | 20124375 | |
| english mortality from a/h1n1. comparisons with recent flu mortality. | 2010 | 20124383 | |
| h1n1 vaccine. four shas have swine flu jab deals in place. | 2010 | 20135811 | |
| unexpected, periodic and permanent increase in medical inpatient care: man-made or new disease? | for many years medical admissions to acute hospitals have been increasing at a rate far higher than expected from demographic change. factors such as emergency re-admission, gp thresholds, breakdown of the family unit and deficiencies in community and social care have been suggested to explain this widening gap. solutions to the problem have revolved around demand management strategies. while such strategies do result in a relative reduction in demand they are unable to prevent the underlying lo ... | 2010 | 20138437 |
| 'i've just taken you to see the man with the cd on his head': the experience and management of recurrent sore throat in children. | tonsillectomies for children with recurrent sore throat are common. there is a perception amongst medical professionals that parents are eager for surgical intervention but the parent/child perspective is overlooked in the literature. this study aimed to identify parent/child experience of recurrent sore throat. the study was qualitative, using grounded theory approach to data collection/analysis. semi-structured, in-depth, interviews were conducted with 12 dyads of children (aged 4-16) and thei ... | 2010 | 20147567 |
| attribution of human listeria monocytogenes infections in england and wales to ready-to-eat food sources placed on the market: adaptation of the hald salmonella source attribution model. | human listeriosis is a rare but serious foodborne disease, with high morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations (e.g., pregnant women, the elderly, and the immunocompromised). the disease is predominantly caused by the consumption of contaminated ready-to-eat foods. since 2001, an increase in the number of listeriosis cases has been observed in several european union countries, including england and wales, predominantly in the over-60s population. the cause of this selective increased inc ... | 2010 | 20156087 |
| [doctor brown-sequard's therapy]. | pioneer in the field of hormone therapy, charles-edward brown-séquard (1817-1894) tried to stop the effects of aging on his contemporaries by injecting animal testicle extracts. his therapy was very popular in the last years of the 19th century. he even had followers in the following century, amongst whom serge voronoff (1866-1951), who grafted monkey testicles in replacement of human ones, or paul niehans (1882-1971) who practiced therapy using calf embryo cells in switzerland. | 2010 | 20167305 |
| appendix: remembering max perutz, scientist and humanitarian. | 2010 | 20173292 | |
| derivation of the king's college london human embryonic stem cell lines. | since the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cell (hesc) line in 1998, there has been substantial interest in the potential of these cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy and in the use of hescs carrying clinically relevant genetic mutations as models for disease research and therapeutic target identification. there is still a need to improve derivation efficiency and further the understanding of the basic biology of these cells and to develop clinical grade culture systems ... | 2010 | 20178004 |
| antiviral pandemic risk assessment for urban receiving waters. | an 80% metabolic conversion of the tamiflu pro-drug (oseltamivir phosphate, op) to its metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) and a high excretion rate combined with poor removal at sewage treatment works (stws) means that potentially high stw oc emissions may occur in receiving waters. a risk assessment approach undertaken within the river lee catchment in north east london indicates that predicted environmental concentrations for surface waters (pec(sw)) are likely to be in the general range ... | 2010 | 20182065 |
| spatio-temporal epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni enteritis, in an area of northwest england, 2000-2002. | a total of 969 isolates of campylobacter jejuni originating in the preston, lancashire postcode district over a 3-year period were characterized using multi-locus sequence typing. recently developed statistical methods and a genetic model were used to investigate temporal, spatial, spatio-temporal and genetic variation in human c. jejuni infections. the analysis of the data showed statistically significant seasonal variation, spatial clustering, small-scale spatio-temporal clustering and spatio- ... | 2010 | 20202286 |
| wide variety of bioserotypes of enteropathogenic yersinia in tonsils of english pigs at slaughter. | the tonsils of 630 pigs from 45 english farms using three different rearing methods (assured british pigs, open management and organic) were examined between 2003 and 2005 in order to investigate if the low incidence of human yersiniosis could be attributed to a low prevalence of enteropathogenic yersinia among english pigs. in addition, different isolation methods were compared, possible differences in prevalence among pigs were studied, as well as the prevalence of different bioserotypes of en ... | 2010 | 20206396 |
| meeting report: a celebration of the work of professor tony hart, liverpool, united kingdom, 7 march 2009. | over 300 delegates participated in this scientific meeting to celebrate the career of the late professor tony hart, who was head of department of medical microbiology, university of liverpool, from 1986 until his death in september 2007. the meeting, which was opened by professor james stewart (head, school of infection and host defence, university of liverpool) and closed by professor bernard brabin (head of the child health group, liverpool school of tropical medicine), captured some of the ma ... | 2010 | 20207719 |
| her2 expression in gastric cancer: rare, heterogeneous and of no prognostic value - conclusions from 924 cases of two independent series. | patients with gastric cancer (gc) have a poor survival and biologicals such as trastuzumab have not been used routinely in these patients. existing data on her2 expression and its clinical relevance in gc are still limited and controversial. | 2010 | 20208134 |
| cortactin gene amplification and expression in breast cancer: a chromogenic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical study. | amplification of 11q13 is found in approximately 15% of breast cancers. cyclin d1 (ccnd1) has been reported to be the 'driver' of this amplicon, however, multiple genes map to the smallest region of amplification of 11q13. out of these genes, cortactin (cttn) has been shown to be consistently overexpressed at the mrna level in tumours harbouring 11q13 amplification. the aims of this study are to define whether cttn is consistently co-amplified with the main core of the 11q13 amplicon, whether it ... | 2010 | 20213079 |
| equality and anti-discrimination legislation in health care. | the nhs constitution for england (department of health, 2009) sets out the rights and responsibilities of patients and staff in relation to the delivery of health care. a key requirement for staff is to ensure that they not to discriminate against patients or staff, and adhere to equal opportunities, equality and human rights legislation. successive governments have introduced a varied range of anti-discrimination laws that district nurses are required to abide by. these have often developed in ... | 2010 | 20220629 |
| dietary, lifestyle and clinicopathological factors associated with braf and k-ras mutations arising in distinct subsets of colorectal cancers in the epic norfolk study. | braf and k-ras proto-oncogenes encode components of the erk signalling pathway and are frequently mutated in colorectal cancer. this study investigates the associations between braf and k-ras mutations and clinicopathological, lifestyle and dietary factors in colorectal cancers. | 2010 | 20233436 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus infections in children with sickle cell disease. | 2010 | 20299522 | |
| a three-stage genome-wide association study of general cognitive ability: hunting the small effects. | childhood general cognitive ability (g) is important for a wide range of outcomes in later life, from school achievement to occupational success and life expectancy. large-scale association studies will be essential in the quest to identify variants that make up the substantial genetic component implicated by quantitative genetic studies. we conducted a three-stage genome-wide association study for general cognitive ability using over 350,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the quantit ... | 2010 | 20306291 |
| raffles, human eggs and the market place in human material. | this article considers a recent case of human eggs being made available as a raffle prize. it explores the issue of a market in human material. it considers how at present english law is in general against such commodification of human material. it explores the policy arguments for changing the law in the area and suggests that the issue of maintaining criminal prohibitions at a time when patients can bypass such restrictions by seeking treatment abroad should come under further reconsideration ... | 2010 | 20335920 |
| determination of the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers based on geographical differences in genotype of varicella-zoster virus. | a new method was developed for determining the geographical origin of unidentified cadavers by examining the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv), which resides latently throughout life in most individuals and the genotypes which show distinct geographical distribution. vzv dna samples extracted from the trigeminal ganglia of 62 cadavers (59 from japan, and 1 each from the united kingdom, mongolia, and pakistan) submitted for medico-legal autopsy were examined. sequencing was performed on a 35 ... | 2010 | 20336724 |
| solid-phase speciation of pb in urban road dust sediment: a xanes and exafs study. | the quality of the urban environment is of growing concern as its human population continues to dramatically increase. x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas) and sem have been used to study the solid-phase speciation of pb in urban road dust sediments (rds) in manchester, uk. xanes analysis and linear combination modeling indicate that pbcro(4) and pb-sorbed goethite occur in 1000-500 microm, 250-125 microm, 63-38 microm, and <38 microm size fractions, collectively representing between 51-67% of th ... | 2010 | 20337471 |
| 5htt genotype moderates the influence of early institutional deprivation on emotional problems in adolescence: evidence from the english and romanian adoptee (era) study. | a common polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (slc6a4, 5htt) has been repeatedly shown to moderate the influence of childhood adversity and stressful life events on the development of psychopathology. using data from the english and romanian adoptee study, a prospective-longitudinal study of individuals (n = 125) exposed to severe early institutional deprivation (id), we tested whether the effect of id on adolescent emotional problems is moderated by 5htt genotype and stressful life ev ... | 2010 | 20345836 |
| triaging for adult critical care in the event of overwhelming need. | predictions of the need for critical care within the h1n1 influenza pandemic suggested overwhelming need beyond potential resources, necessitating rationing of care via triaging. | 2010 | 20349037 |
| q fever outbreak in cheltenham, united kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread. | we describe the investigation of an outbreak of q fever in the town of cheltenham, england. the outbreak was detected in june 2007, and prospective and retrospective case finding identified 30 confirmed or probable human cases. the investigation identified windborne spread of coxiella burnetii from nearby sheep farms as the most likely source of infection. a telephone survey was conducted to identify risk practices at local farms. subsequently the atmospheric dispersion model name was used to id ... | 2010 | 20350497 |
| mutations in chmp2b in lower motor neuron predominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als), a common late-onset neurodegenerative disease, is associated with fronto-temporal dementia (ftd) in 3-10% of patients. a mutation in chmp2b was recently identified in a danish pedigree with autosomal dominant ftd. subsequently, two unrelated patients with familial als, one of whom also showed features of ftd, were shown to carry missense mutations in chmp2b. the initial aim of this study was to determine whether mutations in chmp2b contribute more broadly to ... | 2010 | 20352044 |
| gps' opinions on the nhs and hpa response to the first wave of the influenza a/h1n1v pandemic. | the first wave of influenza a/h1n1v resulted in a significant demand on primary care services. this cross-sectional study describes gps' opinions of how information was communicated to them during this period and the overall response of the nhs and health protection agency. accessibility of current guidance and ease of obtaining antiviral medication were perceived as strengths, but clarity of the information provided was consistently perceived as poor. the majority of gps supported the introduct ... | 2010 | 20353672 |
| long-term follow-up of cervical disease in women screened by cytology and hpv testing: results from the hart study. | several studies have shown that testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types results in an improved sensitivity for cin2+, compared with cytology, although with a somewhat lower specificity. | 2010 | 20354519 |
| antimicrobial resistance in equine faecal escherichia coli isolates from north west england. | escherichia coli isolates of equine faecal origin were investigated for antibiotic resistance, resistance genes and their ability to perform horizontal transfer. | 2010 | 20374640 |
| comparison of first-trimester contingent screening strategies for down syndrome. | to assess the relative performance of a multi-stage first-trimester screening protocol for fetal down syndrome. | 2010 | 20052660 |
| two-dimensional patterns of human enamel thickness on deciduous (dm1, dm2) and permanent first (m1) mandibular molars. | to characterise patterns of enamel thickness on deciduous (dm1, dm2) and permanent first (m1) mandibular molars and evaluate these against functional and morphological interpretative models. | 2010 | 20056193 |
| breast cancer in women under 40 years of age: a series of 57 cases from northern ireland. | there are few studies examining breast cancer in women under the age of 40 years, particularly in western european populations. such tumours are reported to be more aggressive, possibly due to a different pathophysiology compared to older patients. | 2010 | 20060718 |
| healthcare workers' perceptions of the duty to work during an influenza pandemic. | healthcare workers (hcws) are often assumed to have a duty to work, even if faced with personal risk. this is particularly so for professionals (doctors and nurses). however, the health service also depends on non-professionals, such as porters, cooks and cleaners. the duty to work is currently under scrutiny because of the ongoing challenge of responding to pandemic influenza, where an effective response depends on most uninfected hcws continuing to work, despite personal risk. this paper repor ... | 2010 | 20026687 |
| legal dilemmas for clinicians involved in the care and treatment of children and young people with mental disorder. | the 2008 revised mental health act code of practice describes the legal framework governing the admission to hospital and treatment of children and young people for mental disorders as complex. clinicians are required to be conversant with common law principles as well as the mental health act (mha), children act, mental capacity act (mca), family law reform act, human rights act, and the united nations convention on the rights of the child. professionals working with the mha and the mca have a ... | 2010 | 20030658 |
| the maternal age-specific live birth prevalence of trisomies 13 and 18 compared to trisomy 21 (down syndrome). | to estimate the maternal age-specific live birth prevalence (in the absence of prenatal diagnosis and selective termination) of trisomy 13 (patau syndrome) and trisomy 18 (edwards syndrome) and compare it with that of trisomy 21 (down syndrome). | 2010 | 19911411 |
| communication challenges of hpv vaccination. | the uk has introduced a national human papillomavirus (hpv) immunisation programme for girls aged 12-13 from autumn 2008. previous research has explored public understanding of the causes of cervical cancer and found little awareness of the role of hpv. | 2010 | 20022908 |
| investigation of food and environmental exposures relating to the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in humans in northwest england. | this study uses multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to investigate the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in a continuous study of a population in northwest england. all cases of campylobacter identified in four local authorities (government administrative boundaries) between 2003 and 2006 were identified to species level and then typed, using mlst. epidemiological information was collected for each of these cases, including food and recreational exposure variables, and the epidemiologies of c. je ... | 2010 | 19854914 |
| adolescents' beliefs about their parents' human papillomavirus vaccination decisions. | a significant minority of parents are concerned that human papillomavirus vaccination will affect sexual behaviour. we explored this issue with 162 adolescent girls. most (between 90 and 92%) did not perceive a connection between parental consent to vaccination and parental authorisation for sexual activity, but a small percentage believed that vaccination consent implied that they were old enough to have sex (8%), or that it was okay for them to be sexually active (10%). the findings are broadl ... | 2010 | 19843044 |
| cerebellar agenesis revisited. | new clinical and employment information, together with over-looked previously published information, on a patient (h.c.) is reviewed. h.c., who died at the age of 76 in 1939, was found, by chance during anatomical dissection, to lack a cerebellum. this synthesis challenges an unusual and interesting account of cerebellar agenesis published in brain in 1994 by glickstein (see also glickstein, 2006), in which the allegedly 'bogus' oral history of this individual's motor skills was held to have led ... | 2010 | 19843649 |
| a population-based cytogenetic study of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | chromosomal abnormalities are increasingly used to risk stratify adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. published data describing the age-specific incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and their prognostic relevance are largely derived from clinical trials. trials frequently have age restrictions and low recruitment rates. thus we investigated these factors in a population-based cohort of 349 patients diagnosed during the course of 19 years in the northern part of england. the incidence of m ... | 2010 | 19897583 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in london, april-may 2009: an observational study. | on 29 april 2009, an imported case of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus infection was detected in a london school. as further cases, pupils and staff members were identified, school closure and mass prophylaxis were implemented. an observational descriptive study was conducted to provide an insight into the clinical presentation and transmission dynamics in this setting. between 15 april and 15 may 2009, 91 symptomatic cases were identified: 33 were confirmed positive for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus inf ... | 2010 | 19925691 |
| a spatial and seasonal assessment of river water chemistry across north west england. | this paper presents information on the spatial and seasonal patterns of river water chemistry at approximately 800 sites in north west england based on data from the environment agency regional monitoring programme. within a gis framework, the linkages between average water chemistry (ph, sulphate, base cations, nutrients and metals) catchment characteristics (topography, land cover, soil hydrology, base flow index and geology), rainfall, deposition chemistry and geo-spatial information on disch ... | 2010 | 19926113 |
| homicide and suicide in yorkshire and the humber: 1975-1992 and 1993-2007. | homicide-suicide (hs) events in yorkshire and the humber have been documented previously by milroy in a study of the period 1975 to 1992 (milroy, med sci law. 1993;33:167-171; milroy 1994; milroy, forensic sci int. 1995;71:117-122; milroy, med sci law. 1995;35:213-217; and milroy, j clin forensic med. 1998;5:61-64). reported here is an update of that study covering hs events in the same region from 1993 to 2007. data from cohort 1 (1975-1992) and cohort 2 (1993-2007) are presented and compared, ... | 2010 | 19935394 |
| modern organic and broiler chickens sold for human consumption provide more energy from fat than protein. | in 1976, the royal college of physicians and the british cardiac society recommended eating less fatty red meat and more poultry instead because it was lean. however, the situation has changed since that time, with a striking increase in fat content of the standard broiler chicken. the aim of the present study was to report a snapshot of data on fat in chickens now sold to the public. | 2010 | 19728900 |
| fertility needs and funding in couples with blood-borne viral infection. | couples infected with hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are increasingly seeking assisted conception. these couples avoid unprotected intercourse and use condoms at all times in order to minimize the risk of infecting their partner. as this practice inhibits pregnancy, assisted procreation is generally required for safe conception. for many couples, access to such services is restricted on ethical, geographical and financial grounds. | 2010 | 19732177 |
| occupational health needs of commercial fishermen in south west england. | work in commercial fishing is physically demanding and hazardous, but unlike merchant seamen, fishermen are not required to hold a certificate of medical fitness. | 2010 | 19770214 |
| no evidence of transmission of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza to humans after unprotected contact with infected wild swans. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) subtype h5n1 remains a public health threat as long as it circulates in wild and domestic birds. information on the transmissibility of h5n1 hpai from wild birds is needed for evidence-based public health advice. we investigated if transmission of h5n1 hpai had taken place in people that had unprotected contact with infected wild mute swans during an incident at the abbotsbury swannery in dorset, england. thirteen people who had been exposed to infected s ... | 2010 | 19765331 |
| resolving the impact of waiting time distributions on the persistence of measles. | measles epidemics in human populations exhibit what is perhaps the best empirically characterized, and certainly the most studied, stochastic persistence threshold in population biology. a critical community size (ccs) of around 250,000-500,000 separates populations where measles is predominantly persistent from smaller communities where there are frequent extinctions of measles between major epidemics. the fundamental mechanisms contributing to this pattern of persistence, which are long-lastin ... | 2010 | 19793743 |
| cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in young women: a longitudinal study. | repeated measurements of smoking, cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) status and sexual behaviour were used to measure the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in relation to changes in smoking and cervical hpv status, and to explore the impact of smoking on the acquisition and duration of incident cervical hpv infection. included in this longitudinal analysis are 1485 women aged 15-19 years: 1075 were hpv-negative and cytologically normal at recruitment; 410 were hpv-posi ... | 2010 | 19819687 |
| the influence of leg-to-body ratio (lbr) on judgments of female physical attractiveness: assessments of computer-generated images varying in lbr. | the leg-to-body ratio (lbr), which is reliably associated with developmental stability and health outcomes, is an understudied component of human physical attractiveness. several studies examining the effects of lbr on aesthetic judgments have been limited by the reliance on stimuli composed of hand-drawn silhouettes. in the present study, we developed a new set of female computer-generated images portraying eight levels of lbr that fell within the typical range of human variation. a community s ... | 2010 | 19822462 |
| sir joseph barcroft, cambridge placental and fetal research (1933-1966) and inter-generational science. | the nature of cambridge (uk) placental and fetal research in the middle third of the twentieth century is reviewed on the basis of published literature and personal recollection. joseph barcroft is a central figure who came to fetal research late in an extremely productive career which is briefly sketched. contemporaneous cambridge academics in the field included j.d. boyd (the authors father), j. hammond, f.h.a. marshall, r.a. mccance, j. needham, a.s. parkes and elsie widdowson. the then curre ... | 2010 | 19876838 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| estimating progression rates for human papillomavirus infection from epidemiological data. | a markov model was constructed in order to estimate type-specific rates of cervical lesion progression and regression in women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv). the model was fitted to age- and type-specific data regarding the hpv dna and cytological status of women undergoing cervical screening in a recent screening trial, as well as cervical cancer incidence. it incorporates different assumptions about the way lesions regress, the accuracy of cytological screening, the specificity of ... | 2010 | 19525483 |
| temporal perspective and parental intention to accept the human papillomavirus vaccination for their daughter. | a school-based vaccination programme to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (hpv), the virus that causes cervical cancer, began in october 2008 in england. the present study evaluated the role of temporal perspective in the formation of attitudes and intentions towards the vaccine. | 2010 | 19402950 |
| "no one has ever asked for it back!" a survey assessing the fate of reusable external fixation equipment in mortuaries. | technicians from one hundred and eighteen human tissue authority (hta) approved mortuaries licensed to perform post-mortems in england completed a telephone interview. all were questioned on whether they had contact with reusable external fixators, who was responsible for the removal, the number removed annually, and the destination of the fixator post-removal. opinion was sought on how the return of the equipment could be better facilitated. seventy-four of the technicians interviewed could rem ... | 2010 | 19570535 |
| lumbar vertebral morphology and isthmic spondylolysis in a british medieval population. | the british medieval population from wharram percy, england, has a greater prevalence of isthmic spondylolysis (11.9% of skeletons, 8.5% at the l5 level) than in modern populations (3%-6%). this may in part be due to differences in activity patterns between groups. however, ward and latimer (spine 30 [2005] 1808-1814) proposed that the likelihood of developing and maintaining spondylolytic defects is also influenced by a lack of sufficient increase in mediolateral separation between articular pr ... | 2010 | 19672847 |
| observational study to investigate vertically acquired passive immunity in babies of mothers vaccinated against h1n1v during pregnancy. | the primary objective was to determine the proportion of babies who acquired passive immunity to a/h1n1v, born to mothers who accepted vaccination as part of the national vaccination programme while pregnant (during the second and/or third trimesters) against the novel a/h1n1v influenza virus (exposed group) compared with unvaccinated (unexposed) mothers. | 2010 | 21208547 |
| predictive clinicopathological features derived from systematic autopsy examination of patients who died with a/h1n1 influenza infection in the uk 2009-10 pandemic. | from april 2009 to january 2010, the pandemic of a/h1n1 influenza affected the uk. there were > 30,000 infections and 457 deaths (all ages). reports from other countries had indicated that certain comorbidities were associated with a higher risk of death from h1n1 infection, and there was a need to identify these factors in the uk population as knowledge of them could lead to improved treatment in the current epidemic and reduced mortality in future epidemics. | 2010 | 21208548 |