Publications

entamoeba histolytica: collagen-induced ap-1 dna binding activity.	the interaction of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites with collagen induces the synthesis and release of electron-dense granules containing a collagenase activity that is an important factor in the pathogenicity of the parasite. the binding is thought to be mediated by an 'integrin-like' collagen receptor. in the signal transduction mechanisms activated by collagen, pp125fak and p42mapk are involved. using immunoprecipitation assays coupled to western blot analysis, we demonstrate here the colla ...	1998	9580078
case of the season. amebic abscess (entamoeba histolytica) of the liver.		1998	9583105
slaying the hydra all at once or head by head?		1998	9585195
entamoeba histolytica induces host cell death in amebic liver abscess by a non-fas-dependent, non-tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent pathway of apoptosis.	amebic liver abscess is characterized by extensive areas of dead hepatocytes that form cavities surrounded by a thin rim of inflammatory cells and few entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. e. histolytica produces pore-forming proteins and proteinases, but how trophozoites actually kill host cells has been unclear. here, we report that e. histolytica induces apoptosis in both inflammatory cells and hepatocytes in a severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mouse model of amebic liver abscess. by study ...	1998	9596776
the small gtp-binding protein racg regulates uroid formation in the protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that invades human intestine leading to ulceration and destruction of tissue. amoebic movement and phagocytosis of human cells is accompanied by characteristic changes in cell morphology. amoebae become polarized, developing a frontal pseudopod and a well-defined rear zone of membrane accumulation designated the uroid. in motile eukaryotic cells, a phenomenon that contributes to movement is the capping of receptors at the cell surface. during the cap ...	1998	9601102
entamoeba histolytica hm1:imss: hemoglobin-degrading neutral cysteine proteases.	entamoeba histolytica hmi:imss trophozoites were able to utilize human hemoglobin but not hemin as a sole iron source to grow in vitro. proteases from crude extracts of e. histolytica degraded human, porcine, and bovine hemoglobins at ph 7.0. these proteolytic activities were found by electrophoresis in sds-polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with hemoglobin, with apparent molecular weights of 116, 82, and 21 kda, the 82-kda protein being the most active protease against this substrate. the protea ...	1998	9603491
chromatin organization during the nuclear division stages of live entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.		1998	9603497
proteinase activity & virulence of entamoeba histolytica on passage through hamster liver.	this study was undertaken to determine the enzymatic differences in the process of increasing the degree of virulence in e. histolytica successively passaged in hamster liver. substrate gel electrophoresis was used to compare proteinase banding patterns under reducing conditions from whole cell lysates of one axenic e. histolytica (strain hm1:imss) and five xenic isolates of the same strain of e. histolytica passaged five times through hamster liver. trophozoites successively passaged in hamster ...	1998	9604544
virulence and functions of myosin ii are inhibited by overexpression of light meromyosin in entamoeba histolytica.	several changes in cell morphology take place during the capping of surface receptors in entamoeba histolytica. the amoebae develop the uroid, an appendage formed by membrane invaginations, which accumulates ligand-receptor complexes resulting from the capping process. membrane shedding is particularly active in the uroid region and leads to the elimination of accumulated ligands. this appendage has been postulated to participate in parasitic defense mechanisms against the host immune response, ...	1998	9614192
a survey of amoebic infection in the wonji area of central ethiopia.	an epidemiological survey to characterize entamoeba histolytica/e dispar isolates from 123 human subjects was carried out in the wonji area of central ethiopia, where an increased incidence of amoebic infection has been reported. in a randomized, coproparasitological study, 93 (75.6%) of the subjects were found positive for at least one species of intestinal parasite: 14 (15.1%) harboured only one species and 79 (84.9%) were infected with at least two species. in-vitro culture in robinson's medi ...	1998	9625913
entamoeba histolytica contains a beta 1 integrin-like molecule similar to fibronectin receptors from eukaryotic cells.	entamoeba histolytica trophozoites do interact with extracellular matrix components in order to invade and finally destroy tissue. an important step in this interaction involves the binding of a 140-kda membrane protein that binds to fibronectin. the similarity of this amoebic receptor to fibronectin receptors from higher eukaryotic cells was defined by indirect immunofluorescence, western blot and immunohistochemistry, using polyclonal monospecific antibodies raised against the amoebic protein. ...	1998	9627997
[recommendations for treatment of amebiasis. german society of pediatric infectiology e.v. (dgpi), "parasitology" working group].		1998	9629551
antisense inhibition of expression of cysteine proteinases does not affect entamoeba histolytica cytopathic or haemolytic activity but inhibits phagocytosis.	inhibition of most of the expression of the cysteine proteinases of entamoeba histolytica strain hm-1:imss was successfully performed by transcription of ehcp5 antisense rna using the promoter of ehg34, which encodes a l21 ribosomal protein of e. histolytica. we have generated a stable transfectant in which the overall level of cysteine proteinase activity is strongly reduced ( 90%). this transfectant has a normal growth rate in diamond's tyi-s-33 medium, a cytopathic and haemolytic activity sim ...	1998	9643545
intestinal parasite infections after extended use of chloroquine or primaquine for malaria prevention.	comparative results of baseline and endpoint screening for intestinal parasites are reported from javanese men enrolled in a year-long, placebo-controlled malaria prophylaxis trial in irian jaya. the objective was to detect nontarget qualitative changes that may have resulted from prolonged chloroquine (300 mg base weekly) or primaquine (0.5 mg base/kg daily) prophylaxis. fresh fecal specimens were examined (blinded trial) for parasites and ova using a modified kato-katz thick smear method. more ...	1998	9645872
axenic cultivation of trichomonas vaginalis in a serum-free medium.	mammalian serum or bovine serum albumin are essential for trichomonas vaginalis cultivated under axenic conditions. unfortunately, these components inhibit several biological properties of these parasites. pacsr is a serum replacement, free of bovine serum albumin. used for axenic cultivation of entamoeba histolytica. we show that pacsr is also useful for axenic cultivation of t. vaginalis. tubes containing 5.5 ml pehp, or tyi basal media, plus 8% pacsr (v/v), were inoculated with 10(3) trichomo ...	1998	9645876
evaluation of intestinal protozoan morphology in human fecal specimens preserved in ecofix: comparison of wheatley's trichrome stain and ecostain.	as a result of disposal problems related to the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have switched from mercuric chloride-based schaudinn's and polyvinyl alcohol (pva) stool preservatives to other, non-mercury-based preservatives. a comparison of organism recoveries and morphologies of the intestinal protozoa was undertaken with pva containing the ecofix zinc-based schaudinn's preservative (meridian diagnostics, inc.); both wheatley's modification of gomori's trichrome stain (wt) and ecos ...	1998	9650947
role of neutrophils in innate resistance to entamoeba histolytica liver infection in mice.	in order to define the role of neutrophils in the innate resistance to entamoeba histolytica liver infection in mice, we examined the pattern of liver lesion induced by direct injection of e. histolytica trophzoites in normal mice and in neutrophil-depleted mice. a variety of histological lesions were found, the extent of liver damage was considerably higher in the neutrophil-depleted mice. livers from neutrophil-depleted mice displayed areas of liquefactive (lytic) necrosis containing a large n ...	1998	9651927
cloning and expression of the entamoeba histolytica erd2 gene.		1998	9657339
synergy between entamoeba histolytica and escherichia coli in the induction of cytokine gene expression in human colon epithelial cells.	entamoeba histolytica induces the expression and secretion of interleukin 8 (il-8) by cultured colon epithelial cells. we assessed the array of cytokine genes expressed by human colon epithelial cells in response to co-culture with e. histolytica trophozoites and tested the hypothesis that enteric bacteria may alter the e. histolytica-induced expression of such genes. ht-29 colon epithelial cells were co-cultured with e. histolytica trophozoites in the presence or absence of escherichia coli. cy ...	1998	9660143
the human monocyte locomotion-inhibitory factor produced by entamoeba histolytica does not inhibit the locomotion of human eosinophils.		1998	9660147
entamoeba dispar: ultrastructure, surface properties and cytopathic effect.	the cytological features of entamoeba dispar, recently recognized by biochemical and molecular biology criteria as a distinct species, were compared to those of entamoeba histolytica when cultured under axenic conditions, living trophozoites of e. dispar strain saw 76orr clone a were more elongated in form, had a single frontal pseudopodium, and showed a noticeable uroid. in sections of e. dispar trophozoites stained with toluidine blue, characteristic areas of cytoplasmic metachromasia were see ...	1998	9669863
pna molecular beacons for rapid detection of pcr amplicons.	the authors have developed a method for rapid detection of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplicons based on surface immobilized pna-dna hybrid probes ('molecular beacons') that undergo a fluorescent-linked conformational change in the presence of a complementary dna target. amplicons can be detected by simply adding a pcr reaction to a microtitre-well containing the previously immobilized probe, and reading the generated fluorescence. no further transfers or washing steps are involved. the aut ...	1998	9727198
disparate amoebae.		1998	9734879
seropositivity for and intestinal colonization with entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in individuals in northeastern brazil.	in a slum community in northeastern brazil 20% of a sample population was colonized with entamoeba histolytica or entamoeba dispar and 10.6% was colonized with e. histolytica alone. no correlation between seropositivity for anti-ga1nac lectin antibody and colonization was found. these results suggest that colonization does not necessarily produce immunity to reinfection.	1998	9738064
hepatic amebiasis among patients in a public teaching hospital.	the increase in immigration to the united states is associated with diseases, such as amebiasis, that are endemic to developing countries. we retrospectively reviewed 49 public-hospital patients with hepatic amebiasis occurring between 1985 and 1995. most patients were immigrants (47) from latin america (43), male (43), and young (mean age, 39.8 years). symptoms noted by more than half were abdominal pain and fever. ultrasonography showed single lesions in 70% and right-sided involvement in 85%. ...	1998	9743053
prevalence of intestinal parasites among children in southern sudan.	a study was conducted in southern sudan to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children. a total of 275 stool samples which were examined using formol-ether concentration techniques yielded 15 different species of parasites. hook worm with a prevalence of 13.1% was the predominant nematode followed by strongyloides stercoralis (3.3%), trichostrongylus (2.5%), schistosoma mansoni (2.2%) and trichuris trichiura (1.8%). ascaris lumbricoides and cestodes were not detected i ...	1998	9747000
identification of the 150-kda surface antigen of entamoeba histolytica as a galactose- and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin.	a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a 150-kda protein of entamoeba histolytica on western immunoblotting under nonreducing conditions inhibits the adherence and cytotoxicity of the ameba to mammalian cells in vitro. affinity purification of solubilized trophozoites using the monoclonal antibody and electrophoresis yielded three glycoproteins with molecular masses of 150, 170, and 260 kda, suggesting the existence of either a common epitope or the close association of these proteins. the 260-k ...	1998	9747935
an upstream regulatory element containing two nine basepair repeats regulates expression of the entamoeba histolytica hgl5 lectin gene.		1998	9747982
development of monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing the cyst stage of entamoeba histolytica.	protozoan cysts were isolated according to a two-step sucrose gradient procedure. pure cysts of entamoeba histolytica, in fixed and native states, were injected into balb/c mice intraperitoneally for immunization. the spleens of these animals were used for fusion with ag8 mouse myeloma cells. hybridomas were obtained and tested for the recognition of e. histolytica, e. dispar, e. coli, e. hartmanni, endolimax nana, jodamoeba biitschlii, and giardia lamblia. three monoclonal antibodies were ident ...	1998	9749623
serum igm antibody response to the galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin of entameoba histolytica.	an elisa for detection of serum igm antibodies to the galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin of entamoeba histolytica revealed that 2.8% of uninfected controls, 0.0% of controls infected with other parasites, 13.4% of asymptomatic amebic infections, 55% of colitis patients, and 77% of amebic liver abscess patients from cairo, egypt and durban, south africa had serum anti-lectin igm antibodies. of acute amebic colitis patients with symptoms for less than one week, only 6% possessed serum igg anti ...	1998	9749639
[a case of intestinal amebiasis].		1998	9750051
an essential methionine residue involved in substrate binding by phosphofructokinases.	an alignment of all ppi-dependent phosphofructokinases and all allosteric atp-dependent pfks shows relatively few residues that are fully conserved. one residue that is conserved is a methionine residue that appears from the crystal structure of escherichia coli pfk to be interacting with fructose 6-p. very conservative substitutions for this methionine with leucine or isoleucine by site-directed mutagenesis of e. coli atp-pfk and entamoeba histolytica ppi-pfk produced profound decreases either ...	1998	9753654
[cytoskeletal actin and its associated proteins. some examples in protista].	many processes, cell motility being an example, require cells to remodel the actin cytoskeleton in response to both intracellular and extracellular signals. reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton involves the rapid disassembly and reassembly of actin filaments, a phenomenon regulated by the action of particular actin-binding proteins. in recent years, an interest in studying actin regulation in unicellular organisms has arisen. parasitic protozoan are among these organisms and studies of the c ...	1998	9754306
schistosoma mansoni, intestinal parasites and perceived morbidity indicators in schoolchildren in a rural endemic area of western côte d'ivoire.	there is a great need for rapid and low-cost identification of communities at high risk of intestinal schistosomiasis. we report the development of a questionnaire approach that may do so. in the first phase, 209 schoolchildren from 3 neighbouring villages in a rural area endemic for intestinal schistosomiasis in western côte d'ivoire were screened for schistosoma mansoni and other helminths on 4 consecutive days using kato-katz thick smears. daily infection prevalences of s. mansoni were high ( ...	1998	9754666
helminth and protozoan gastrointestinal tract parasites in captive and wild-trapped african non-human primates.	the objective of this study was to investigate the gastro-intestinal (git) parasites commonly occurring in captive and wild-trapped (wt) non-human primates (baboons, vervets and sykes) in kenya and compare their prevalence. three hundred and fifteen faecal samples were subjected to a battery of diagnostic tests, namely, direct smear, modified formal ether sedimentation, kato thick smear, harada-mori techniques for parasite detection and culture to facilitate nematode larvae identification. of th ...	1998	9760061
[intestinal parasitism in a parakanã indigenous community in southwestern pará state, brazil].	to determine the occurrence and epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasites among the parakanã indigenous people in the paranatinga settlement (in the eastern amazon region), parasitological tests were performed in april 1992 and february 1995. one fresh stool specimen was obtained and immediately processed using the hoffman and direct methods. some 126 samples were obtained in april 1992 (from a total population of 215 individuals). some 80. 2% (101) of those tested were infected with at le ...	1998	9761604
[amebiasis--a differential diagnosis from inflammatory bowel disease].	entamoeba histolytica is a very uncommon etiology of travelers diarrhoea, but may be an important differential diagnosis to inflammatory bowel disease. a misdiagnosis of amoebic colitis as inflammatory bowel disease followed by inadvertent treatment with corticosteroids may be fatal. current techniques for the diagnosis of amoebiasis include stool studies, endoscopic biopsy and serology. demonstration of haematophagous trophozoites in feces or in tissue biopsy is the definitive method for diagno ...	1998	9763927
the cloning and sequencing of ribosomal protein s18 of parasitic protozoa, entamoeba histolytica.	a cdna clone encoding ribosomal protein s18 has been isolated from parasitic protozoa, entamoeba histolytica. the cdna insert was 495 nucleotides long and an open reading frame (468 nucleotides including the stop codon) coded for 156 amino acid protein which was highly homologous with human, plant and yeast counterparts. prosite analysis of the ribosomal protein s18 in eukaryote revealed homology with prokaryotic ribosomal protein s13 signature, which is known to be involved in the initiation of ...	1998	10520458
anaemia and intestinal parasitic infections among school age children in behera governorate, egypt. behera survey team.	anaemia is considered a serious public health problem in egypt, although updated population-based data are lacking. similarly, data on prevalence and intensity of infection with intestinal parasites, which are considered one possible cause of anaemia, are available only from small, unrepresentative sample surveys. the present research was implemented on an entire governorate representative sample. the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and intestinal parasites in the area a ...	1998	9972072
induction of a spectroscopically defined transition by guanidinium hydrochloride on a recombinant calcium binding protein from entamoeba histolytica.	sequence analysis and metal ion binding studies reported earlier have established that the calcium binding protein (cabp) from the parasitic ameboid entamoeba histolytica protein has four canonical ef hand motifs which bind calcium. equilibrium denaturation studies on both the apo and the holo forms of this protein indicate the presence of stable transition intermediates at low denaturant concentrations as revealed by the binding of the non-specific hydrophobic dye ans. fast reaction kinetics sh ...	1998	9877168
royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene meeting at manson house, london, 19 february 1998. amoebic disease. entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar: comparison of molecules considered important for host tissue destruction.	entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar are genetically distinct but closely related protozoan species. both colonize the human gut but only e. histolytica is able to invade tissues and cause disease. comparison of the 2 species may help to elucidate the specific mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of e. histolytica. during the last few years, various amoeba molecules considered to be important for pathogenic tissue invasion have been identified and characterized, such as a galactose-inhibitabl ...	1998	10326098
crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of a recombinant calcium-binding protein from entamoeba histolytica.	a calcium-binding protein (cabp) of entamoeba histolytica was purified from an e. coli recombinant clone carrying the cabp gene in a pet-3c expression vector using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. examination of the amino-acid sequence of the recombinant protein suggested that it has four independent ef-hand motifs. the protein dissolved in cacodylate buffer was crystallized using the hanging-drop method with 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol (mpd) as the precipitant. x-ray diffraction d ...	1998	10089533
[pleuropulmonary manifestations of amebiasis].	amibiasis is the third leading cause of death due to parasitic infections in the world. amibiasis is endemic in the warm regions of the world with deficient hygiene and socio-economic situations. entamoeba histolytica is the causal agent of invasive amibiasis, unlike entamoeba dispar which is not a pathogen for humans. amibian colitis and amibian abscess of the liver are the most frequent intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. pleuropulmonary complications almost always occur in patient ...	1998	10100347
amoebapore homologs of caenorhabditis elegans.	it is shown that the caenorhabditis elegans genome contains several distantly related members of the gene family of saposin-like proteins. the putative products of genes t07c4.4, t08a9.7a, t08a9.7b, t08a9.8, t08a9.9, t08a9.10 are similar to the amoebapores of entamoeba histolytica, granulysin of cytotoxic t lymphocytes and a putative amoebapore-related protein of the liver fluke fasciola hepatica inasmuch as they consist of only a single saposin-like domain and a secretory signal peptide. the sa ...	1998	9920402
cloning and bacterial expression of adenosine-5'-triphosphate sulfurylase from the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	a gene encoding adenosine-5'-triphosphate sulfurylase (as) was cloned from the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved regions of the protein from a variety of organisms. the deduced amino acid sequence of e. histolytica as revealed a calculated molecular mass of 47925 da and an unusual basic pi of 9.38. the amebic protein sequence showed 23-48% identities with as from bacteria, yeasts, fung ...	1998	9920405
[laboratory diagnosis of protozoan and parasitic infections. 1. protozoan infections. b. amebic dysentery].		1998	9921248
overdiagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis associated to serial microscopical examination of faeces. some precisions on a problem.		1998	9921305
interactions between epithelial cells and immune cells in the intestine.	not merely a passive barrier as previously assumed, epithelial cells act as sensitive indicators of infection that initiate defense responses. noninvasive as well as invasive organisms have been demonstrated to elicit production of chemoattractants. that noninvasive organisms have this capacity suggests that receptor-mediated signaling pathways may be involved. epithelial cells have been found to release both chemokines and cytokines in a precise mixture that varies according to the origin or ma ...	1998	9928368
molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding two isoforms of cysteine synthase in the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica.	the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica was shown to possess cysteine synthase (cs) activity. the cdna and genomic clones that encode two isoforms of the e. histolytica cs were isolated and characterized from a clonal strain of e. histolytica by genetic complementation of the cysteine-auxotrophic escherichia coli nk3 with an e. histolytica cdna library. the two types of the e. histolytica cs genes differed from each other by three nucleotides, two of which resulted in amino acid sub ...	1998	9879885
field study on the distribution of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar in the northern philippines as detected by the polymerase chain reaction.	we used the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to study the distribution of entamoeba histolytica and e. dispar in 1,872 individuals in 14 communities in the northern philippines. here we report a field study using a dna extraction protocol from formalin-fixed stool specimens as previously reported. this assay detected 137 stools (7.318%) containing e. dispar and 18 stools (0.961%) containing e. histolytica. the most affected age group for e. histolytica/e. dispar infections were those 5-14 years o ...	1998	9886200
etiologies of acute, persistent, and dysenteric diarrheas in adults in bangui, central african republic, in relation to human immunodeficiency virus serostatus.	a study of the etiologies of diarrhea in adults in relation to their human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) serostatus and number of cd4+ cells was carried out in the central african republic. in cases and controls, multi-parasitism was observed. salmonella spp. were identified mainly during acute diarrhea, with 50% of the s. enteritidis isolated during the study being responsible for septicemia and/or urinary tract infection in immunodeficient patients. enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaggec) w ...	1998	9886215
inhibition of entamoeba histolytica proteolytic activity by human salivary iga antibodies.	entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis in humans; as the infection occurs mainly in the intestinal epithelium, the secretory immune response of the host could have an influence on the outcome. secretory iga antibodies against e. histolytica have been detected in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, but little is known about their protective role. e. histolytica cysteine proteases seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of amoebiasis; therefore, it is important to ...	1998	9890272
giardia lamblia: in-vitro sensitivity to some chemotherapeutic agents.	the susceptibility of giardia lamblia to eight chemotherapeutic agents was studied in vitro. the criteria of viability of the parasite was the ability of the parasite to attach to the coverslip surface in situ, and to multiply in drug free media on subcultures. the giardicidal and 50% inhibitory concentrations of each drug were measured. the activity of metronidazole in vitro was found to be similar to that of mepacrine, whilst that of chloroquine was inferior. the sensitivity of g. lamblia to m ...	1998	9914672
evaluation of laboratory techniques for diagnosis of amoebiasis.	evaluation of 82 cases of amoebiasis including 4 of liver abscess was done. microscopy of 62 stool samples revealed trophozoites in 19 (30.6%) and cysts in 8 (12.9%). pva preserved samples were stained by iron-hamatoxylin and trichrome. twenty-nine samples (46.7%) were positive by culture on endamoeba, nih and charcoal agar. additional two culture positive cases were negative by direct microscopy. three (75%) samples of liver abscess pus were culture positive. of the sera screened for amoebic an ...	1998	9914676
application of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the epidemiology of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections.	in this paper, we briefly summarize the latest information on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) as an epidemiologic tool for entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar infections. this method which employs dna template directly extracted from formalin fixed stool specimens offers a good promise for an accurate and reliable epidemiology of the two species. the assay is, sensitive enough to detect as few as five cysts in the stool sample, rapid and selectively differentiates e. histolytica from ...	1998	10622639
effects of aphidicolin on entamoeba histolytica growth and dna synthesis.	we have detected and characterized dna polymerase activity in cell extracts from trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica and have found that the activity of e. histolytica is inhibited by aphidicolin, which is a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear replicative dna polymerases. the present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of aphidicolin on growth and dna synthesis by this parasite. aphidicolin blocked the growth of axenic e. histolytica strain hm-1: imss. dna synthesis was also inhibited ...	1998	10622640
multiple liver abscesses: an unusual case which demonstrates the importance of ultrasonography in the detection of liver pathology.	a 48-year-old caucasian male was admitted to hospital with right-sided chest pain, pyrexia and cough. he had no history of dysentery. he was treated with erythromycin and cotrimoxazole for right lower lobe pneumonia but failed to respond. tender hepatomegaly developed and ultrasound scan demonstrated multiple abscesses in the liver. entamoeba histolytica was identified in his faeces. he was treated with intravenous metronidazole, chloramphenicol and gentamicin and then oral tinidazole, after whi ...	1998	10934548
a new gene family (ariel) encodes asparagine-rich entamoeba histolytica antigens, which resemble the amebic vaccine candidate serine-rich e. histolytica protein.	a family of genes, called ariel, are named for and encode asparagine-rich entamoeba histolytica antigens containing 2 to 16 octapeptide repeats. ariel proteins, which are constitutively expressed by trophozoites, belong to a large antigen family that includes the serine-rich e. histolytica protein (srehp), an amebic vaccine candidate.	1998	9423879
parasitic gut infections.	emerging spore-forming protozoa such as cryptosporidia and microsporidia are becoming major public health problems in developing countries as well as in the developed world. they are a new addition to an already long list of intestinal parasites, but their diagnosis is much more difficult than for well-known protozoa and helminths. fortunately, enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction techniques are becoming available not only for the detection of cryptosporidium parvum and the microspor ...	1998	17033427
resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, trimethoprim and sulfonamides.	tetracyclines are antimicrobial agents that interact with bacterial ribosomes and block protein synthesis. they have activity against a wide range of gram positive, gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, cell-wall free myco plasmas, chlamydiae, mycobacteria, rickettsia, helicobacter, listeria, and protozoan parasites, such as entamoeba histolytica, gzardia lamblia, and plas modiumfalciparum 1-6. tetracyclnes have been extenstvely used in humans for therapy of bacterial respiratory and ur ...	1998	21390769
amoebapores.	the enormous cytolytic potential of entamoeba histolytica appeals to parasitologists and immunologists because it kills target cells in a contact-dependent reaction resembling that of cytotoxic lymphocytes. in this review, matthias leippe summarizes what is currently known about a family of pore-forming peptides termed 'amoebapores', to which the cytolytic effect has been attributed, and describes the structural and functional properties of these potent factors, as well as their structure-activi ...	1997	15275088
survival strategies of entamoeba histolytica: modulation of cell-mediated immune responses.	tissue invasion and disease associated with the protozoan entamoeba histolytica has long been connected with suppression of host cellular immunity. dampening of the host's defences may facilitate survival of amoebae in extraintestinal sites and development of the characteristic amoebic abscesses. in recent years, several studies have begun to clarify, at the cellular level, the specific effects e. histolytica has on immune cell accessory and effector cell functions. here, darren campbell and kri ...	1997	15275089
the role of extracellular cysteine proteinases in pathogenesis of entamoeba histolytica invasion.	the extracellular cysteine proteinases of entamoeba histolytica have been implicated as important virulence factors in the pathogenesis of amebiasis and play a key role in tissue invasion and disruption of host defenses. these proteinases have attracted considerable interest as targets for novel therapeutic agents and as vaccine candidates. here, xuchu que and sharon reed highlight some of the more recent findings, focusing in particular on functional and structural features of the extracellular ...	1997	15275090
[prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in schoolchildren].	aiming to identify the prevalence and the social risk factors of the intestinal parasitosis in first grade school children of campinas, state of são paulo, brazil.	1997	14685375
[amebiosis]	this is a short review of the infection and disease caused by entamoeba histolytica. the morphology of the evolutive stages and the life cycle of the parasite is described, including biochemical and immunological data.the intestinal and extraintestinal forms of this disease are briefly characterized as well as the diagnosis by images and laboratory. differentiation between e. histolytica and e. dispar (known as nonpathogenic e. histolytica) with similar morphology is crucial for individual or ma ...	1997	12297882
[parasitary infections of the liver]	in perú three are the parasites which affect frequently the liver: entamoeba histolytica, echinococcus granulosus and hepatic fasciola.amebic liver abscess can start acutely or insidiously with fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with or without liver or intercostal tenderness. the main complications are thoracic, peritoneal or pericardial extension (left lobe abscess). diagnosis by images study and serology techniques are effective. currently, metronidazole is the treatment of choice ...	1997	12297885
amebiasis in schistosomiasis endemic and non-endemic areas in egypt.	stool and blood specimens were collected from each of 404 and 576 individuals at sindbis village (qualiubia governorate) in the nile delta where schistosomiasis is endemic and el-rashda village (new valley governorate) in the western desert of egypt where there is no schistosomiasis; respectively. based on the microscopical examination of stool specimens, the prevalence of infection with entamoeba (e. histolytica and/or e. dispar which are morphologically indistinguishable) was higher at sindbis ...	1997	9425808
blastocystis hominis among apparently healthy food handlers in jeddah, saudi arabia.	a prospective study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of blastocystis hominis among random sample of apparently healthy food handlers. a total of 250 non saudi males over 21 years of age were examined. ninety (36%) had pathogenic and non pathogenic intestinal parasites. a total of 143 parasites were detected in their stool specimens. twenty were b. hominis (13.99%) while other parasites were 123 (86.01%). b. hominis was found in 20 positive cases (22.22%) with an overall rate of 8%. ...	1997	9425825
characterization for virulence of an axenic strain of entamoeba histolytica: evidence for overexpression of two proteins.	the pattern of protein from membrane and crude homogenate of entamoeba histolytica strain 462 axenically cultivated (462ac) and submitted to hamster liver passage (462hp) was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the substrains 462ac and 462hp were compared by zymodeme analysis, erythrophagocytosis, cytopathic effect upon mammalian cells and the capability to induce abscess in hamster liver. the results showed no differences for erythrophagocytosis, cytopathic ef ...	1997	9428571
identification of a gal/galnac lectin in the protozoan hartmannella vermiformis as a potential receptor for attachment and invasion by the legionnaires' disease bacterium.	the legionnaire's disease bacterium, legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen which invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free-living protozoa and mammalian cells. invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of legionnaire's disease. although attachment and invasion of human macrophages by l. pneumophila is mediated in part by the complement receptors cr1 and cr3, the protozoan recepto ...	1997	9254652
short report: identification of b-cell epitopes in the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein.	the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp) has been shown to be a protective antigen in animal models of amebic liver abscess when delivered by either parenteral or oral routes of immunization, and antibodies to srehp can prevent amebic liver abscess in severe combined immunodeficient mice. to identify b cell epitopes of the srehp molecule that could serve as the basis for a peptide-based vaccine, we synthesized overlapping peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of srehp, and looke ...	1997	9430535
present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica in the east-southeast area of tokyo.	admitted medical records, from january 1988 to december 1995, of 28 symptomatic amebic patients who lived in the east-southeast area of tokyo were studied retrospectively, in order to find the present characteristics of symptomatic amebiasis due to entamoeba histolytica in this area. categorized by disease, there were 14 cases of colitis, 9 cases of liver abscess, 4 cases of colitis with liver abscess, and 1 case of liver abscess with brain abscess. patients consisted of 26 japanese males, 0 jap ...	1997	9440441
usefulness of new dna extraction procedure for pcr technique in species identification of entamoeba isolates.	in this study we have developed a modified clark and diamond (1992, 1993) method using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify amoebic ribosomal rna genes that allow either specific detection of entamoeba histolytica s. str. or amoeba species identification. dna was isolated from cultured protozoa or from stool samples (cysts and/or trophozoites). cultures of xenic or axenic material (also stool samples) were treated with easy genomic dna prep or genomic dna prep plus (a&a biotechnology, poland ...	1997	9374591
endoplasmic reticulum and golgi-like elements in entamoeba.	the cytoplasm of entamoeba is characterized by the presence of a large number of vesicles of different size and shape. previous electron microscopic studies have not clearly revealed the presence of the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi complex. in the present study two approaches were used aimed at the identification of these two structures in trophozoites of entamoeba moshkovskii and entamoeba histolytica: (a) cytochemical techniques associated with transmission electron microscopy, such as ...	1997	9377074
peroxidase activity of a tsa-like antioxidant protein from a pathogenic amoeba.	the 29 kda surface protein of entamoeba histolytica is an abundant antigenic protein expressed by pathogenic strains of this organism. the protein is a member of a widely-dispersed group of homologues which includes at least two cysteinyl peroxidases, salmonella typhimurium alkyl hydroperoxidase c-22 protein (ahpc) and saccharomyces cerevisiae thiol-specific antioxidant protein (tsa). here, for the first time in a pathogenic eukaryote, we have demonstrated that the amoebic protein also possesses ...	1997	9378375
epidemiologic features of intestinal parasitic infections in italian mental institutions.	to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the residents of four italian psychiatric institutions, we examined the stool specimens collected in triplicate from 238 residents, enrolled between may 1995 and may 1996. besides, physician and staff nurses provided data about each resident by standardized questionnaires. parasites were detected in the fecal samples from 128 patients (53.8%). however, in the stool specimens from 106 residents only non-pathogenic protozoa were fou ...	1997	9384273
molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of parasitic infections.	direct microscopy is widely used for the diagnosis of parasitic infections although it often requires an experienced microscopist for accurate diagnosis, is labour intensive and not very sensitive. in order to overcome some of these shortcomings, molecular or nucleic acid-based diagnostic methods for parasitic infections have been developed over the past 12 years. the parasites which have been studied with these techniques include the human plasmodia, leishmania, the trypanosomes, toxoplasma gon ...	1997	9394184
virulence parameters in the characterization of strains of entamoeba histolytica.	differences in virulence of strains of entamoeba histolytica have long been detected by various experimental assays, both in vivo and in vitro. discrepancies in the strains characterization have been arisen when different biological assays are compared. in order to evaluate different parameters of virulence in the strains characterization, five strains of e. histolytica, kept under axenic culture, were characterized in respect to their, capability to induce hamster liver abscess, erythrophagocyt ...	1997	9394517
effect of intestinal parasite treatment on the efficacy of oral iodized oil for correcting iodine deficiency in schoolchildren.	oral supplementation with iodized oil for correction of iodine deficiency in a population has advantages over intramuscular injection but the duration of effect is shorter. the relation of intestinal parasite treatment and efficacy of oral iodized oil was examined in an intervention study in 8-10-y-old schoolchildren in malawi. severely iodine-deficient schoolchildren with a single parasitic infestation of ascaris lumbricoides (n = 44), hookworm (n = 42), or entamoeba histolytica (n = 24) were r ...	1997	9394695
fibronectin-derived fragments as inducers of adhesion and chemotaxis of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.	active migration of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites through extracellular matrixes might play a role in host tissue destruction. trophozoites degrade soluble fibronectin (fn) bound to their surface and adhere to substrate-bound fn, producing local degradation. fn proteolytic fragments were used to determine the nature of adhesion and motility-promoting domains within the protein. the 70-kda fragment (amino-terminal end) promoted the highest adhesion, followed by the 120-kda fragment, which co ...	1997	9395373
epidemiological study on infectious diarrheal diseases in children in a coastal rural area of kenya.	diarrheal diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. we have analyzed the causative agents of diarrhea in children under five years of age who resided in rural environments but attended a hospital in malindi, a coastal town in kenya. bacterial diarrhea was found in 239 (27.7%) of 862 patients with diarrhea. diarrheagenic escherichia coli, including enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, and enterohaemorrhagic strains, was isolated from 119 (13.8%) pa ...	1997	9403500
unusual genome organisation in entamoeba histolytica leads to two overlapping transcripts.	we have isolated homologs of the mini chromosome maintenance (mcm) gene family from the parasitic protozoan entamoeba histolytica. the full length genomic and cdna clones for the eh mcm3 gene have been characterised. the eh mcm3 gene is much smaller than the saccharomyces cerevisiae mcm3 gene and other eukaryotic homologs of the mcm3/p1 family. the predicted eh mcm3 protein was 597 amino acids long and showed 37 and 46% positional identity with the sc mcm3 and the mouse p1 homologs respectively. ...	1997	9297702
expression of the serine rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp) in the avirulent vaccine strain salmonella typhi ty2 chi 4297 (delta cya delta crp delta asd): safety and immunogenicity in mice.	infection by the intestinal protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica remains a significant threat to health in much of the world. here we describe the successful expression of the serine rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp), a protective antigen of ameba, in an attenuated vaccine strain salmonella typhi ty2 chi 4297 (delta cya delta crp delta asd). the attenuation of s. typhi ty2 chi 4297 was not altered by expression of the srehp-maltose binding protein (mbp) fusion protein and mice paren ...	1997	9302737
the galactose-inhibitable surface lectin of entamoeba histolytica, a possible candidate for a subunit vaccine to prevent amoebiasis.	invasive amoebiasis, a spectrum of diseases caused by the enteric protozoan parasite entamoeba histolytica, constitutes a major health problem mainly in tropical and subtropical countries with poor sanitary conditions. the different forms of the disease are characterized by massive tissue lesions. amoeba-induced tissue destruction requires an intimate contact between e. histolytica trophozoites and host cells. this contact is predominantly mediated by a galactose-inhibitable lectin located on th ...	1997	9303210
removal of hydrogen peroxide by the 29 kda protein of entamoeba histolytica.	the 29 kda protein of entamoeba histolytica (eh29), as well as a truncated variant of this protein, which lacks a cysteine-rich n-terminal region of 40 amino acid residues (eh29mut), were recombinantly expressed in escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. both recombinant proteins (receh29, receh29mut) were found to have hydrogen peroxide (h2o2)-removing activity, but receh29 was twice as active as receh29mut. for the consumption of exogenous h2o2, activity was dependent on the presence of ...	1997	9307028
involvement of p21raca, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and vacuolar atpase in phagocytosis of bacteria and erythrocytes by entamoeba histolytica: suggestive evidence for coincidental evolution of amebic invasiveness.	trophozoites of entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amebic dysentery, phagocytose bacteria in the colonic lumen and erythrocytes (rbc) in host tissues. because tissue invasion is an evolutionary dead end, it is likely that amebic pathogenicity is coincidentally selected, i.e., the same methods used to kill bacteria in the colonic lumen are used by parasites to damage host cells and cause disease. in support of this idea, the amebic lectin and pore-forming peptide are involv ...	1997	9317033
interaction between entamoeba histolytica and intestinal epithelial cells involves a cd44 cross-reactive protein expressed on the parasite surface.	this study shows that entamoeba histolytica binds hyaluronic acid. the binding molecule was identified as an 80-kda membrane protein and was recognized by anti-cd44 monoclonal antibodies. these data indicate that a cd44 cross-reacting adherence molecule is expressed on e. histolytica.	1997	9317044
[the cell biology of amebas and ameba-flagellates--parasites of man and animals].	the majority of parasitic amoebae and amoeba-flagellates are facultative parasites of animals and humans and only a few of them are obligate parasites (see reviews: sopina, 1997; visvesvara, stehr-green, 1990). among the latter entamoeba histolytica and among the former naegleria fowleri and several species of acanthamoeba are most dangerous for humans. it is still unclear whether balamuthia mandrillaris, pathogenic for monkeys and humans, may be either obligate or facultative parasite (visvesva ...	1997	9324833
first report of invasive amebiasis in an organ transplant recipient.	t-cell mediated immunity is an important defense mechanism against amebiasis. however, organ transplant recipients with severe t-cell immunosuppression are not at increased risk of having entamoeba histolytica invasive disease. the reasons are unclear and probably multifactorial, but it is likely that the absence of intestinal colonization with pathogenic strains in countries where transplants occur and the judicious intake of possible contaminated food and water are important contributing facto ...	1997	9326427
clinical and pathophysiological aspects of immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with entamoeba histolytica abscess of the liver.		1997	9332542
allicin from garlic strongly inhibits cysteine proteinases and cytopathic effects of entamoeba histolytica.	the ability of entamoeba histolytica trophozoites to destroy monolayers of baby hamster kidney cells is inhibited by allicin, one of the active principles of garlic. cysteine proteinases, an important contributor to amebic virulence, as well as alcohol dehydrogenase, are strongly inhibited by allicin.	1997	9333064
[cdnas encoding the antigenic proteins in pathogenic strain of entamoeba histolytica].	the differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ddrt-pcr) analysis was performed to identify the pathogenic strain specific amplicons. mrnas were purified from the trophozoites of the pathogenic strain ys-27 and the non-pathogenic strain s 16, respectively. three kinds of first stranded cdnas were reverse transcribed from the mrnas by one base anchored oligo-dt11m (m: a, c, or g) primers. each cdna template was used for ddrt-pcr analysis. a total of 144 pathogenic strai ...	1997	9335186
progress towards development of a vaccine for amebiasis.	the application of molecular biologic techniques over the past decade has seen a tremendous growth in our knowledge of the biology of entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of amebic dysentery and amebic liver abscess. this approach has also led to the identification and structural characterization of three amebic antigens, the serine-rich entamoeba histolytica protein (srehp), the 170-kda subunit of the gal/galnac binding lectin, and the 29-kda cysteine-rich protein, which all show promise ...	1997	9336666
protection against invasive amebiasis by a single monoclonal antibody directed against a lipophosphoglycan antigen localized on the surface of entamoeba histolytica.	a panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised from mice immunized with a membrane preparation from entamoeba histolytica, the pathogenic species causing invasive amebiasis in humans. antibody eh5 gave a polydisperse band in immunoblots from membrane preparations from different e. histolytica strains, and a much weaker signal from two strains of the nonpathogenic species entamoeba dispar. although the exact chemical structure of the eh5 antigen is not yet known, the ability of the antigen to be met ...	1997	9348313
infectious diarrhoea--an update.	infectious diarrhoea is one of the most common illness affecting mankind. recent advancement have led to detailed understanding of causative agents and the pathogenesis of the infections. fluid and electrolyte replacement remains the most important aspect of treatment. the role of antimicrobial agents is discussed.	1997	9355725
is it curtains for chronic amebiasis?		1997	9357181
does entamoeba histolytica cause irritable bowel syndrome?	symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) closely mimic those of patients with non-dysenteric amebic colitis.	1997	9357182
metronidazole. a therapeutic review and update.	the nitroimidazole antibiotic metronidazole has a limited spectrum of activity that encompasses various protozoans and most gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. metronidazole has activity against protozoans like entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis, for which the drug was first approved as an effective treatment. anaerobic bacteria which are typically sensitive are primarily gram-negative anaerobes belonging to the bacteroides and fusobacterium spp. gra ...	1997	9360057
intestinal parasitic infections in patients with malignancy.	the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections was studied retrospectively in 1,029 cancer patients presenting with symptoms of diarrhoea. intestinal parasites were diagnosed by stool examination, using both the direct and concentration techniques and also the modified acid fast stain. parasitic infection was found in 16.5% of the cases. the majority of the patients with intestinal parasitosis had cancer of the haemopoietic system and were on anticancer chemotherapy. the most prevalent parasit ...	1997	9360344
sensitivity of entamoeba histolytica and entamoeba dispar patient isolates to human complement.	twenty-one entamoeba histolytica and 56 entamoeba dispar patient isolates were investigated for their sensitivity to the classical and alternative pathway of human complement, e. histolytica and e. dispar patient isolates were differentiated by polymerase chain reaction and hexokinase isoenzyme typing. it was found that 90.3% (+/- 12.0%) of the trophozoites of e. histolytica were lysed after 30 min by the alternative pathway of complement in the presence of 50% human serum (19 isolates showed ly ...	1997	9364556