Publications

molecular cloning of palbh, a mammalian homologue of the aspergillus atypical calpain palb.	a mammalian homologue of the aspergillus atypical calpain palb, palbh, was identified and its cdna sequences were determined in human and mouse. the palbh mrna was expressed nearly ubiquitously throughout mammalian tissues. when expressed in cos cells, palbh was enriched in the nucleus, suggesting its role is distinct from that of conventional calpains.	2001	11342116
the molecular basis of 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria, a disorder of leucine catabolism.	3-methylcrotonylglycinuria is an inborn error of leucine catabolism and has a recessive pattern of inheritance that results from the deficiency of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase (mcc). the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry in newborn screening has revealed an unexpectedly high incidence of this disorder, which, in certain areas, appears to be the most frequent organic aciduria. mcc, an heteromeric enzyme consisting of alpha (biotin-containing) and beta subunits, is the only one of the f ...	2001	11170888
identification of many crystal forms of aspergillus nidulans dehydroquinate synthase.	extensive crystallization trials of aspergillus nidulans dehydroquinate synthase, a potential novel target for antimicrobial drugs, in complexes with different ligands have resulted in the identification of nine crystal forms. crystals of unliganded dhqs, binary complexes with either the substrate analogue, carbaphosphonate or the cofactor nadh, as well as the ternary dhqs-carbaphosphonate-cofactor complex, were obtained. the ternary complex crystallizes from ammonium sulfate and cocl(2) in spac ...	2001	11173489
peroxide sensors for the fission yeast stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.	the schizosaccharomyces pombe stress-activated sty1p/spc1p mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase regulates gene expression through the atf1p and pap1p transcription factors, homologs of human atf2 and c-jun, respectively. mcs4p, a response regulator protein, acts upstream of sty1p by binding the wak1p/wis4p map kinase kinase kinase. we show that phosphorylation of mcs4p on a conserved aspartic acid residue is required for activation of sty1p only in response to peroxide stress. mcs4p acts in a ...	2001	11179424
cloning and expression in phospholipid containing cultures of the gene encoding the specific phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylinositol transfer protein from aspergillus oryzae: evidence that the pg/pi-tp is tandemly arranged with the putative 3-ketoacyl-coa thiolase gene.	the phosphatidylglycerol/phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (pg/pi-tp) is a new and original phospholipid transfer protein (pltp) isolated from the deuteromycete, aspergillus oryzae. we have isolated a genomic clone of the a. oryzae pg/pi-tp using a probe derived from the corresponding cdna and sequenced the complete gene. the dna sequence analysis revealed that pg/pi-tp gene is composed of three exons encoding a 18,823 da protein of 175 amino acids as previously described and of two introns ...	2001	11179668
differential expression of house-keeping genes of aspergillus nidulans during sexual development.	the rpl3 gene and the rpl37 gene for aspergillus nidulans ribosomal protein l3 (rpl3) and rpl37, which were identified as located on chromosome i and chromosome iii, respectively, were isolated from chromosome-specific cosmid libraries. the nucleotide sequences of both of the rpl3 gene and the rpl37 gene identified the orfs of 392 amino acids and 92 amino acids, respectively. both of the two genes were present in a single copy. the expression of both genes together with two other house-keeping g ...	2001	11179686
exploring infection of wheat and carbohydrate metabolism in mycosphaerella graminicola transformants with differentially regulated green fluorescent protein expression.	a mycosphaerella graminicola strain transformed with the green fluorescent protein (gfp) downstream of either a carbon source-repressed promoter or a constitutive promoter was used to investigate in situ carbohydrate uptake during penetration of the fungus in wheat leaves. the promoter region of the acu-3 gene from neurospora crassa encoding isocitrate lyase was used as a carbon source-repressed promoter. the promoter region of the aspergillus nidulans gpda gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phospha ...	2001	11204778
maize ribosome-inactivating protein inhibits normal development of aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus flavus.	the abundant maize kernel ribosome-inactivating protein 1 (rip1) was tested for antifungal activity against aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus flavus. a microculture assay was developed to monitor fungal growth and development after treatment of conidia with rip1 or control proteins. a striking decrease in hyphal proliferation was observed when conidia of a. nidulans, a genetically well-characterized nonpathogenic species, were treated with rip1 protein. treatment with a rip1 mutant protein th ...	2001	11204779
the aspergillus nidulans bnca1 mutation causes defects in the cell division cycle, nuclear movement and developmental morphogenesis.	wild-type aspergillus nidulans conidia are uninucleate. the mutation bnca1 (binucleated conidia) was first described as a single mutation located on chromosome iv that caused formation of approximately 25% binucleate and 1% trinucleate conidia. in this study, we show that bnca1 conidia exit g1 arrest earlier than the wild type. germlings have hyphal elements with abnormal morphology, elevated numbers of randomly distributed nuclei and an irregular septation pattern. older hyphal elements undergo ...	2001	11212909
an aspergillus nidulans uvsc null mutant is deficient in homologous dna integration.	the aspergillus nidulans uvsc gene was identified as a homolog of rad51 and reca of saccharomyces cerevisiae and escherichia coli, respectively, whose role in genetic recombination and recombinational repair has been extensively studied. like many other filamentous fungi, a. nidulans shows no bias towards either homologous or ectopic integration of exogenous dna. therefore it is a unique and useful organism for the study of the mechanisms of dna integration. homologous integration of a 1.7-kb ar ...	2001	11212926
lis1 and dynein motor function in neuronal migration and development.		2001	11274050
transposon impala, a novel tool for gene tagging in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea.	impala, a tc1-mariner transposable element from fusarium oxysporum, was introduced into the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea to develop transposon-based insertional mutagenesis. a construct (pnil160) containing an autonomous impala copy inserted in the promoter of niad encoding aspergillus nidulans nitrate reductase was introduced by transformation into a m. grisea nitrate reductase-deficient mutant. impala excision was monitored by restoration of prototrophy for nitrate. southern analysis o ...	2001	11277428
expression of the avirulence gene avr9 of the fungal tomato pathogen cladosporium fulvum is regulated by the global nitrogen response factor nrf1.	here we describe the role of the cladosporium fulvum nitrogen response factor 1 (nrf1) gene in regulation of the expression of avirulence gene avr9 and virulence on tomato. the nrf1 gene, which was isolated by a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy, is predicted to encode a protein of 918 amino acid residues. the protein contains a putative zinc finger dna-binding domain that shares 98% amino acid identity with the zinc finger of the major nitrogen regulatory proteins area and nit2 of asperg ...	2001	11277429
regulation of hishf transcription of aspergillus nidulans by adenine and amino acid limitation.	the hishf gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes imidazole-glycerole-phosphate (igp) synthase, consisting of a glutamine amidotransferase and a cyclase domain. the enzyme catalyzes the fifth and sixth steps of histidine biosynthesis, which results in an intermediate of the amino acid and an additional intermediate of purine biosynthesis. an a. nidulans hishf cdna complemented a saccharomyces cerevisiae his7delta strain and escherichia coli hish and hisf mutant strains. the genomic dna encoding the ...	2001	11277623
adhii in aspergillus nidulans is induced by carbon starvation stress.	in aspergillus nidulans there are three nad(+)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) that are capable of utilizing ethanol as a substrate. adhi is the physiological enzyme of ethanol catabolism and adhiii is induced under conditions of anaerobiosis. the physiological role of adhii (structural gene alcb) is unknown. we have measured beta-galactosidase in a transformant with an alcb::lacz fusion and have shown that alcb is maximally expressed under conditions of carbon starvation. the behavior o ...	2001	11277624
genetic and physical mapping of two centromere-proximal regions of chromosome iv in aspergillus nidulans.	chromosome iv is the smallest chromosome of aspergillus nidulans. the centromere-proximal portion of the chromosome was mapped physically using overlapping clones of a cosmid genomic library. two contiguous segments of a physical map, based on restriction mapping of cosmid clones, were generated, together covering more than 0.4 mb dna. a reverse genetic mapping approach was used to establish a correlation between physical and genetic maps; i.e., marker genes were integrated into physically mappe ...	2001	11277625
genetic engineering of the trichoderma reesei endoglucanase i (cel7b) for enhanced partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems containing thermoseparating ethylene oxide--propylene oxide copolymers.	endoglucanases (endo-1,4-beta-d-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.4) are industrially important enzymes. in this study endoglucanase i (egi or cel7b) of the filamentous fungi trichoderma reesei has been genetically engineered to investigate the influence of tryptophan rich peptide extensions (tags) on partitioning in an aqueous two-phase model system. egi is a two-domain enzyme and is composed of a n-terminal catalytic domain and a c-terminal cellulose binding domain, separated by a linker. th ...	2001	11278040
comparison of the e-test with the nccls m38-p method for antifungal susceptibility testing of common and emerging pathogenic filamentous fungi.	the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) m38-p method describes standard parameters for testing the fungistatic antifungal activities (mics) of established agents against filamentous fungi (molds). the present study evaluated the in vitro fungistatic activities of itraconazole and amphotericin b by the e-test and the nccls m38-p microdilution method against 186 common and emerging pathogenic molds (123 isolates of aspergillus spp. [five species], 16 isolates of fusarium s ...	2001	11283057
functional characterization of a maize purine transporter by expression in aspergillus nidulans.	we have characterized the function of leaf permease1 (lpe1), a protein that is necessary for proper chloroplast development in maize, by functional expression in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. the choice of this ascomycete was dictated by the similarity of its endogenous purine transporters to lpe1 and by particular genetic and physiological features of purine transport and metabolism in a. nidulans. when lpe1 was expressed in a purine transport-deficient a. nidulans strain, the ca ...	2001	11283348
regulative fine-tuning of the two novel dahp isoenzymes arofp and arogp of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	two novel genes, arof and arog, from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans were isolated and the regulative fine-tuning between the encoded, differentially regulated 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (dahp) synthases was analyzed. a wide range of dahp synthase isoenzymes of various organisms are known, but only a few have been characterized further. dahp synthases (ec 4.1.2.15) catalyze the first committed step of the shikimate pathway, which is a putative target for anti-weed dr ...	2001	11285739
the aspergillus nidulans homoaconitase gene lysf is negatively regulated by the multimeric ccaat-binding complex ancf and positively regulated by gata sites.	in beta-lactam-antibiotic-producing fungi, such as aspergillus (emericella) nidulans, l-alpha-aminoadipic acid is the branching point of the lysine and penicillin biosynthesis pathways. to obtain a deeper insight into the regulation of lysine biosynthesis genes, the regulation of the a. nidulans lysf gene, which encodes homoaconitase, was studied. band-shift assays indicated that the a. nidulans multimeric ccaat-binding complex ancf binds to two of four ccaat motifs present in the lysf promoter ...	2001	11285740
histone acetyltransferase complexes stabilize swi/snf binding to promoter nucleosomes.	to investigate the function of swi/snf in site-specific chromatin remodeling at promoters, we have used a purified system to analyze its distribution, function, and retention following recruitment by a sequence-specific transcription activator. activator recruitment of swi/snf bound the complex to promoter proximal nucleosomes and led to localized nucleosome disruption. however, retention of swi/snf on the promoter required either the continued binding of the transcription activator or acetylate ...	2001	11290320
physical mapping with automatic capture of hybridization data.	motivation: contig maps are a type of physical map that show the native order of a set of overlapping genomic clones. overlaps between clones can be detected by finding common sequences using a number of experimental protocols including hybridization of probes. all current mapping algorithms of which we are aware require that hybridizations be scored using a fixed number of discrete values (typically 0/1 or high/medium/low). when hybridization data is captured automatically using digital equipme ...	2001	11294786
cloning of two pectate lyase genes from the marine antarctic bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis strain ant/505 and characterization of the enzymes.	a marine antarctic psychrotolerant bacterium (strain ant/505), isolated from sea ice-covered surface water from the southern ocean, showed pectinolytic activity on citrus pectin agar. the sequencing of the 16s rrna of isolate ant/505 indicates a taxonomic affiliation to pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. the supernatant of this strain showed three different pectinolytic activities after growth on citrus pectin. by activity screening of a genomic dna library of isolate ant/505 in escherichia coli, t ...	2001	11302501
the aspergillus nidulans gata transcription factor gene areb encodes at least three proteins and features three classes of mutation.	in aspergillus nidulans, the principal transcription factor regulating nitrogen metabolism, area, belongs to the gata family of dna-binding proteins. in seeking additional gata factors, we have cloned areb, which was originally identified via a genetic screen for suppressors of area loss-of-function mutations. based on our analysis, areb is predicted to encode at least three distinct protein products. these arise from the use of two promoters, differential splicing and translation initiating at ...	2001	11309119
characterization of the amyr gene encoding a transcriptional activator for the amylase genes in aspergillus nidulans.	the aspergillus nidulans amyr gene and its cdna were cloned and sequenced. the genomic gene comprised 2,092 bp, interrupted by two short introns, and encoded a cys-6 zinc transcriptional activator (amyr) of 662 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 72,862 da. disruption of the amyr gene caused defects in the utilization of maltose and starch and abolished expression of the taag2 gene encoding a. oryzae taka-amylase a, which is inducibly and abundantly expressed in the wild-type ...	2001	11318101
a type 2a protein phosphatase gene from aspergillus nidulans is involved in hyphal morphogenesis.	a pcr-based approach, using degenerate oligonucleotide primers, was used to isolate fragments of two genes encoding type 2a protein phosphatases from the filamentous fungus, aspergillus nidulans. the complete genomic sequence of one of these genes, ppha, was isolated and characterised. the ppha gene was predicted to encode a 329-residue protein which is about 85% identical to mammalian protein phosphatase 2a. ectopic expression of the wild-type ppha+ gene slightly inhibited growth in some transf ...	2001	11318104
isoenzyme multiplicity and characterization of recombinant manganese peroxidases from ceriporiopsis subvermispora and phanerochaete chrysosporium.	we expressed cdnas coding for manganese peroxidases (mnps) from the basidiomycetes ceriporiopsis subvermispora (mnp1) and phanerochaete chrysosporium (h4) under control of the alpha-amylase promoter from aspergillus oryzae in aspergillus nidulans. the recombinant proteins (rmnp1 and rh4) were expressed at similar levels and had molecular masses, both before and after deglycosylation, that were the same as those described for the mnps isolated from the corresponding parental strains. isoelectric ...	2001	11319083
molecular and physiological characterization of the nad-dependent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	in filamentous fungi, glycerol biosynthesis has been proposed to play an important role during conidiospore germination and in response to a hyperosmotic shock, but little is known about the genes involved. here, we report on the characterization of the major aspergillus nidulans glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (g3pdh)-encoding gene, gfda. g3pdh is responsible for the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap) into glycerol 3-phosphate (g3p), which is subsequently converted into glycerol ...	2001	11123696
lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis strain si3 produces a broad-spectrum proteinaceous antifungal compound.	the antifungal activity spectrum of lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. coryniformis strain si3 was investigated. the strain had strong inhibitory activity in dual-culture agar plate assays against the molds aspergillus fumigatus, a. nidulans, penicillium roqueforti, mucor hiemalis, talaromyces flavus, fusarium poae, f. graminearum, f. culmorum, and f. sporotrichoides. a weaker activity was observed against the yeasts debaryomyces hansenii, kluyveromyces marxianus, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. th ...	2001	11133421
ph signaling in sclerotinia sclerotiorum: identification of a pacc/rim1 homolog.	sclerotinia sclerotiorum acidifies its ambient environment by producing oxalic acid. this production of oxalic acid during plant infection has been implicated as a primary determinant of pathogenicity in this and other phytopathogenic fungi. we found that ambient ph conditions affect multiple processes in s. sclerotiorum. exposure to increasing alkaline ambient ph increased the oxalic acid accumulation independent of carbon source, sclerotial development was favored by acidic ambient ph conditio ...	2001	11133430
nudf, a fungal homolog of the human lis1 protein, functions as a dimer in vivo.	the nudf protein is required for nuclear migration through the mycelium of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. it is of particular interest, because it closely resembles a human protein, lis1, that is required for development of the cerebral cortex. both are approximately 50-kda proteins with a short n-terminal predicted coiled coil and seven wd-40 domains in the c-terminal half of the molecule. they also interact with homologous proteins, suggesting that they may have similar biochemic ...	2001	11134054
clinical aspects of chronic granulomatous disease.	data from a registry of 368 patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) documenta shift in the most common infecting organisms away from staphylococci and enteric bacteria to aspergillus species, although staphylococci remain a threat. a. nidulans appears to have a particular virulence in cgd. burkholderia cepacia sepsis/pneumonia was the second most lethal infection in patients in the registry. seventy-six percent of registry patients had the x-linked recessive (xlr) form of cgd. choriore ...	2001	11138621
the formamidase gene of aspergillus nidulans: regulation by nitrogen metabolite repression and transcriptional interference by an overlapping upstream gene.	the ability to utilize formamide as a sole nitrogen source has been found in numerous fungi. we have cloned the fmds gene encoding a formamidase from aspergillus nidulans and found that it belongs to a highly conserved family of proteins separate from the major amidase families. the expression of fmds is primarily regulated via area-mediated nitrogen metabolite repression and does not require the addition of exogenous inducer. consistent with this, deletion analysis of the 5' region of fmds has ...	2001	11139496
sexual diploids of aspergillus nidulans do not form by random fusion of nuclei in the heterokaryon.	the sexual stage of aspergillus (emericella) nidulans consists of cleistothecia containing asci, each with eight ascospores. the fungus completes the sexual cycle in a homokaryotic or a heterokaryotic mycelium, respectively. the common assumption for the last 50 years was that different nuclear types are not distinguishable when sexual development is initiated. when cultured on a medium limited for glucose supplemented with 2% sorbitol, sexual development of a. nidulans is slowed and intact tetr ...	2001	11139498
genetic involvement of a camp-dependent protein kinase in a g protein signaling pathway regulating morphological and chemical transitions in aspergillus nidulans.	in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, a heterotrimeric g protein alpha-subunit and an rgs domain protein, encoded by fada and flba, respectively, regulate production of the carcinogenic metabolite sterigmatocystin (st) and asexual spores (i.e., conidia). we investigated the genetic involvement of the camp-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (pkaa), a potential downstream target of fada activity, in st production and conidiation. relative to wild type, sporulation was decreased i ...	2001	11156981
multiple catalase genes are differentially regulated in aspergillus nidulans.	detoxification of hydrogen peroxide is a fundamental aspect of the cellular antioxidant responses in which catalases play a major role. two differentially regulated catalase genes, cata and catb, have been studied in aspergillus nidulans. here we have characterized a third catalase gene, designated catc, which predicts a 475-amino-acid polypeptide containing a peroxisome-targeting signal. with a molecular mass of 54 kda, catc shows high similarity to other small-subunit monofunctional catalases ...	2001	11157957
the wide-domain carbon catabolite repressor crea indirectly controls expression of the aspergillus nidulans xlnb gene, encoding the acidic endo-beta-(1,4)-xylanase x(24).	the aspergillus nidulans xlnb gene, which encodes the acidic endo-beta-(1,4)-xylanase x(24), is expressed when xylose is present as the sole carbon source and repressed in the presence of glucose. that the mutation crea(d)30 results in considerably elevated levels of xlnb mrna indicates a role for the wide-domain repressor crea in the repression of xlnb promoter (xlnbp) activity. functional analyses of xlnbp::goxc reporter constructs show that none of the four crea consensus target sites identif ...	2001	11160081
morphological characterization of aspergillus nidulans: growth, septation and fragmentation.	the influence of the sepa gene on the growth of aspergillus nidulans has been investigated by characterizing and comparing the parental strain a28 (pabaa6 bia1) with the sepa null mutant (sepa4deltabm:). the sepa gene is known to affect the septation process in a. nidulans, therefore the sepa4deltabm: strain does not produce any septa during the first hours of growth. during batch cultivations sepa4deltabm: shows an abrupt decrease in specific growth rate and more pronounced fragmentation (in re ...	2001	11160817
nude-l, a novel lis1-interacting protein, belongs to a family of vertebrate coiled-coil proteins.	the lis1-encoded protein (lis1) plays a role in brain development because a hemizygous deletion or mutation of the human gene causes neuronal migration disorders, such as miller-dieker syndrome (mds) or isolated lissencephaly sequence (ils). using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have isolated a novel protein that interacts with mouse lis1 (mlis1) which is termed mouse nude-like protein (mnude-l) because of its 49% amino acid conservation with nude, a protein involved in nuclear migration in asperg ...	2001	11231056
alpha-amylase production in high cell density submerged cultivation of aspergillus oryzae and a. nidulans.	the effect of biomass concentration on the formation of aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase during submerged cultivation with a. oryzae and recombinant a. nidulans strains has been investigated. it was found that the specific rate of alpha-amylase formation in chemostats decreased significantly with increasing biomass concentration in the range of approx. 2-12 g dry weight kg(-1). when using a recombinant a. nidulans strain in which the gene responsible for carbon catabolite repression of the a. or ...	2001	11234963
accumulation of stress and inducer-dependent plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes during asexual development in aspergillus nidulans.	determination and interpretation of fungal gene expression profiles based on digital reconstruction of expressed sequenced tags (ests) are reported. a total of 51,524 dna sequence files processed with pipeonline resulted in 9775 single and 5660 contig unique ests, 31.2% of a typical fungal transcriptome. half of the unique ests shared homology with genes in public databases, 35.8% of which are functionally defined and 64.2% are unclear or unknown. in aspergillus nidulans 86% of transcripts assoc ...	2001	11238386
characterization of the aspergillus nidulans septin (asp) gene family.	members of the septin gene family are involved in cytokinesis and the organization of new growth in organisms as diverse as yeast, fruit fly, worm, mouse, and human. five septin genes have been cloned and sequenced from the model filamentous fungus a. nidulans. as expected, the a. nidulans septins contain the highly conserved gtp binding and coiled-coil domains seen in other septins. on the basis of hybridization of clones to a chromosome-specific library and correlation with an a. nidulans phys ...	2001	11238387
an ste12 homolog from the asexual, dimorphic fungus penicillium marneffei complements the defect in sexual development of an aspergillus nidulans stea mutant.	penicillium marneffei is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans and the only dimorphic species identified in its genus. at 25 degrees p. marneffei exhibits true filamentous growth, while at 37 degrees p. marneffei undergoes a dimorphic transition to produce uninucleate yeast cells that divide by fission. members of the ste12 family of regulators are involved in controlling mating and yeast-hyphal transitions in a number of fungi. we have cloned a homolog of the s. cerevisiae ste12 gene from ...	2001	11238390
analysis of the pdx-1 (snz-1/sno-1) region of the neurospora crassa genome: correlation of pyridoxine-requiring phenotypes with mutations in two structural genes.	we report the analysis of a 36-kbp region of the neurospora crassa genome, which contains homologs of two closely linked stationary phase genes, snz1 and sno1, from saccharomyces cerevisiae. homologs of snz1 encode extremely highly conserved proteins that have been implicated in pyridoxine (vitamin b6) metabolism in the filamentous fungi cercospora nicotianae and in aspergillus nidulans. in n. crassa, snz and sno homologs map to the region occupied by pdx-1 (pyridoxine requiring), a gene that ha ...	2001	11238395
fumble encodes a pantothenate kinase homolog required for proper mitosis and meiosis in drosophila melanogaster.	a number of fundamental processes comprise the cell division cycle, including spindle formation, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. our current understanding of these processes has benefited from the isolation and analysis of mutants, with the meiotic divisions in the male germline of drosophila being particularly well suited to the identification of the required genes. we show here that the fumble (fbl) gene is required for cell division in drosophila. we find that dividing cells in fbl-d ...	2001	11238410
ambient ph signaling regulates nuclear localization of the aspergillus nidulans pacc transcription factor.	the aspergillus nidulans zinc finger transcription factor pacc is activated by proteolytic processing in response to ambient alkaline ph. the ph-regulated step is the transition of full-length pacc from a closed to an open, protease-accessible conformation. here we show that in the absence of ambient ph signaling, the c-terminal negative-acting domain prevents the nuclear localization of full-length closed pacc. in contrast, the processed pacc form is almost exclusively nuclear at any ambient ph ...	2001	11238906
the aspergillus nidulans multimeric ccaat binding complex ancf is negatively autoregulated via its hapb subunit gene.	cis-acting ccaat elements are frequently found in eukaryotic promoter regions. many of them are bound by conserved multimeric complexes. in the fungus aspergillus nidulans the respective complex was designated ancf (a. nidulans ccaat binding factor). ancf is composed of at least three subunits designated hapb, hapc and hape. here, we show that the promoter regions of the hapb genes in both a. nidulans and aspergillus oryzae contain two inversely oriented, conserved ccaat boxes (box alpha and box ...	2001	11243777
glucan synthase complex of aspergillus fumigatus.	the glucan synthase complex of the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus has been investigated. the genes encoding the putative catalytic subunit fks1p and four rho proteins of a. fumigatus were cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis showed that affks1p was a transmembrane protein very similar to other fksp proteins in yeasts and in aspergillus nidulans. heterologous expression of the conserved internal hydrophilic domain of affks1p was achieved in escherichia coli. anti-fks1p antibodies ...	2001	11244067
identification of claisen cyclase domain in fungal polyketide synthase wa, a naphthopyrone synthase of aspergillus nidulans.	based on the homology with fatty acid synthases and bacterial polyketide synthases (pkss), thioesterase domains have been assigned at the c-terminus regions of fungal iterative type i pkss. we previously overexpressed aspergillus nidulans wa pks gene in a heterologous fungal host and identified it to encode a heptaketide naphthopyrone synthase. in addition, expression of c-terminus-modified wa pks gave heptaketide isocoumarins suggesting that the c-terminus region of wa pks is involved in the cy ...	2001	11251292
heterologous transposition in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans is one of the model ascomycete fungi. transposition events have never been described in this organism. we have determined that this organism has at least 13 copies of a fot1-related element. these copies are transcribed, non-methylated and polymorphic in various wild isolates. in spite of this, we have failed to isolate transposon insertions when the resident niad gene is used as a transposon trap. this contrasts with the situation described previously in fusarium oxysporum. ...	2001	11251848
characterization of the reverse transsulfuration gene mecb of acremonium chrysogenum, which encodes a functional cystathionine-gamma-lyase.	in acremonium chrysogenum, biosynthesis of cysteine for the formation of cephalosporin has been proposed to occur through the reverse transsulfuration pathway. a gene, named mecb, has been cloned from an a. chrysogenum c10 genomic library in lambdaembl3-ble. the cloned dna fragment encodes a protein of 423 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of 45 kda that shows great similarity to cystathionine-gamma-lyases from saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotic organisms. the protein was show ...	2001	11254121
expression of pleurotus eryngii aryl-alcohol oxidase in aspergillus nidulans: purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme.	aryl-alcohol oxidase (aao) is an extracellular flavoenzyme involved in lignin biodegradation by some white-rot fungi. the enzyme catalyzes the extracellular oxidation of aromatic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes. the electron acceptor is molecular oxygen yielding h(2)o(2) as the product. herein we describe, for the first time, the expression of aao from pleurotus eryngii in the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. the activity of the recombinant enzyme in a. nidulans cultures is much higher t ...	2001	11257513
rcoa has pleiotropic effects on aspergillus nidulans cellular development.	aspergillus nidulans rcoa encodes a member of the wd repeat family of proteins. the rcoa protein shares sequence similarity with other members of this protein family, including the saccharomyces cerevisiae tup1p and neurospora crassa rco1. tup1p is involved in negative regulation of an array of functions including carbon catabolite repression. rco1 functions in regulating pleiotropic developmental processes, but not carbon catabolite repression. in a. nidulans, deletion of rcoa (deltarcoa), a re ...	2001	11260466
genetically engineered peptide fusions for improved protein partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. effect of fusion localization on endoglucanase i of trichoderma reesei.	genetic engineering has been used for fusion of the peptide tag, trp-pro-trp-pro, on a protein to study the effect on partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. as target protein for the fusions the cellulase, endoglucanase i (endo-1,4-beta-dglucan-4-glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.4, egi, cel7b) of trichoderma reesei was used. for the first time a glycosylated two-domain enzyme has been utilized for addition of peptide tags to change partitioning in aqueous two-phase systems. the aim was to find an ...	2001	11261722
differential chemical labeling of the alcr dna-binding domain from aspergillas nidulans versus its complex with a 16-mer dna target: identification of an essential tryptophan involved in the recognition and the interaction with the nucleic acid.	dna binding of the ethanol regulon transcription factor alcr from aspergillus nidulans was shown to involve a consensus basic region as in the other zinc cluster proteins. however, additional interactions between some residues and dna were suspected, among which were a hypothetic hydrophobic interaction between trp45 and the t residue of the consensus tgcgg sequence. in the present study, the differential chemical labeling of both the free protein and the protein/dna complex showed significantly ...	2001	11266598
regulation of the aspergillus nidulans hisb gene by histidine starvation.	the hisb gene of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans encodes imidazole glycerol-phosphate dehydratase (e.c. 4.2.1.19), which catalyses the seventh enzymatic step in histidine biosynthesis. the gene was isolated and its deduced peptide sequence of 247 amino acids showed up to 54% identity with the igpd enzymes of organisms comprising all three kingdoms. expression of hisb cdna in a saccharomyces cerevisiae his3delta mutant strain functionally complemented the growth phenotype under histid ...	2001	11270573
regulation of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (alda) and its role in the control of the coinducer level necessary for induction of the ethanol utilization pathway in aspergillus nidulans.	expression of the structural genes for alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase, alca and alda, respectively, enables the fungus aspergillus nidulans to grow on ethanol. the pathway-specific transcriptional activator alcr mediates the induction of ethanol catabolism in the presence of a coinducing compound. ethanol catabolism is further subject to negative control mediated by the general carbon catabolite repressor crea. here we show that, in contrast to alca and alcr, the alda gene is not directly su ...	2001	11102439
the cdc42 homolog of the dimorphic fungus penicillium marneffei is required for correct cell polarization during growth but not development.	the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus penicillium marneffei is dimorphic and is thereby capable of growth either as filamentous multinucleate hyphae or as uninucleate yeast cells which divide by fission. the dimorphic switch is temperature dependent and requires regulated changes in morphology and cell shape. cdc42p is a rho family gtpase which in saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for changes in polarized growth during mating and pseudohyphal development. cdc42p homologs in higher organis ...	2001	11344153
airborne fungal ecological niche determination as one of the possibilities for indirect mycotoxin risk assessment in indoor air.	based on the microbiological analysis of air samples from occupied spaces, some possibilities for indirect risk assessment of mycotoxin-related health problems are proposed. airborne fungi could be classified on the basis of the relationship between the two environmental factors and their combinations, i.e., temperature and water requirements (water activity aw). one type involves three different groups of molds, selected on the basis of the quantitative and qualitative information about the abi ...	2001	11345539
a comprehensive characterization of a group ib intron and its encoded maturase reveals that protein-assisted splicing requires an almost intact intron rna.	the group i intron (ancob) of the mitochondrial apocytochrome b gene from aspergillus nidulans encodes a bi-functional maturase protein that is also a dna endonuclease. although the ancob intron self-splices, the encoded maturase protein greatly facilitates splicing, in part, by stabilizing rna tertiary structure. to determine their role in self-splicing and in protein-assisted splicing, several peripheral rna sub-domains in the 313 nucleotide intron were deleted (p2, p9, p9.1) or truncated (p5a ...	2001	11350164
the aspergillus nidulans pyrg89 mutation alters glycosylation of secreted acid phosphatase.	the glycosylation level of the paca-encoded acid phosphatase secreted by aspergillus nidulans was reduced in strains pabaa1 pyroa4and pabaa1 pyroa4 pyrg89, compared to strains carrying these mutations singly. the molecular mass of the enzyme secreted by the triple mutant grown at ph 5.0 was 105 and 45 kda as determined by exclusion chromatography and sds-page, respectively. in contrast, the pabaa1 strain secreted acid phosphatases of 119 and 62 kda. the enzyme also had an altered electrophoretic ...	2001	11352532
genetic connection between fatty acid metabolism and sporulation in aspergillus nidulans.	in the ascomycete fungus aspergillus nidulans, the ratio of conidia (asexual spores) to ascospores (sexual spores) is affected by linoleic acid moieties including endogenous sporogenic factors called psi factors. deletion of odea (delta odea), encoding a delta-12 desaturase that converts oleic acid to linoleic acid, resulted in a strain depleted of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 18:3) but increased in oleic acid (18:1) and total percent fatty acid content. linoleic acid-derived psi factor ...	2001	11352908
bimd/spo76 is at the interface of cell cycle progression, chromosome morphogenesis, and recombination.	bimd of aspergillus nidulans belongs to a highly conserved protein family implicated, in filamentous fungi, in sister-chromatid cohesion and dna repair. we show here that bimd is chromosome associated at all stages, except from late prophase through anaphase, during mitosis and meiosis, and is involved in several aspects of both programs. first, bimd(+) function must be executed during s through m. second, in bimd6 germlings, mitotic nuclear divisions and overall cellular program occur more rapi ...	2001	11353817
enzymatic properties of the highly thermophilic and alkaline pectate lyase pel-4b from alkaliphilic bacillus sp. strain p-4-n and the entire nucleotide and amino acid sequences.	we cloned two genes for alkaline pectate lyase, pel-4a and pel-4b, from alkaline pectinase-producing alkaliphilic bacillus sp. strain p-4-n. the pel-4b gene product pel-4b was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the purified enzyme had an isoelectric point of ph 9.6 and a molecular mass of 35 kda, values close to those of the pel-4a gene product pel-4a. the ph and temperature optima for activity were as high as 11.5 and 70 degrees c, respectively, which are the highest among the pectate l ...	2001	11354456
a pcl-like cyclin of aspergillus nidulans is transcriptionally activated by developmental regulators and is involved in sporulation.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans reproduces asexually through the formation of spores on a multicellular aerial structure, called a conidiophore. a key regulator of asexual development is the tfiiia-type zinc finger containing transcriptional activator bristle (brla). besides brla, the transcription factor abaa, which is located downstream of brla in the developmental regulation cascade, is necessary to direct later gene expression during sporulation. we isolated a new developmental m ...	2001	11359914
sensitivity to camptothecin in aspergillus nidulans identifies a novel gene, scaa+, related to the cellular dna damage response.	the anti-cancer drug camptothecin targets eukaryotic dna topoisomerase i by trapping the covalent complex formed between the catalytically active enzyme and dna. we are interested in identifying factors, other than topoisomerase i, that are involved in mediating cellular sensitivity to camptothecin. to this end, we have isolated eighteen mutants that are sensitive to camptothecin (sca) in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans and characterised one of them, sca299. the mutant sca299 is hype ...	2001	11361337
cloning and characterization of aspergillus nidulans vpsa gene which is involved in vacuolar biogenesis.	in saccharomyces cerevisiae, vacuoles play very important roles in ph and osmotic regulation, protein degradation and storage of amino acids, small ions as well as polyphosphates. in filamentous fungi, however, little is known about vacuolar functions at a molecular level. in this paper, we report the isolation of the vpsa gene from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans as a homologue of the vps1 gene of s. cerevisiae which encodes a dynamin-related protein. the vpsa gene encodes a polypep ...	2001	11368897
the aspergillus cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain and nudf localize to microtubule ends and affect microtubule dynamics.	cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit, minus end-directed microtubule motor that uses dynactin as an accessory complex to perform various in vivo functions including vesicle transport, spindle assembly, and nuclear distribution [1]. we previously showed that in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans, a gfp-tagged cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (nuda) forms comet-like structures that exhibited microtubule-dependent movement toward and back from the hyphal tip [2]. here we demonstrate that ano ...	2001	11369237
identification of aspergillus fumigatus and related species by nested pcr targeting ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer regions.	aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species that causes invasive aspergillosis. in order to identify a. fumigatus, partial ribosomal dna (rdna) from two to six strains of five different aspergillus species was sequenced. by comparing sequence data from genbank, we designed specific primer pairs targeting rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of a. fumigatus. a nested pcr method for identification of other a. fumigatus-related species was established by using the primers. to evaluat ...	2001	11376067
molecular characterization of a blue-copper laccase, tila, of aspergillus nidulans.	laccases are blue-copper enzymes, which oxidize phenolic substrates and thereby reduce molecular oxygen. they are widespread within fungi and are involved in lignin degradation or secondary metabolism such as pigment biosynthesis. many fungi contain several laccases, not all of whose functions are known. in aspergillus nidulans one, ya, is expressed during asexual development and converts a yellow precursor to the green pigment. we identified a second laccase gene, which encodes a 66.3-kda prote ...	2001	11377869
molecular cloning of cgra, the gene encoding the aspergillus nidulans ortholog of saccharomyces cerevisiae cgr1.	saccharomyces cerevisiae cgr1 encodes a 120-amino acid protein with a predominant nucleolar localization. in this study we report the identification and cloning of the ortholog, cgra, from aspergillus nidulans. the cgra gene is comprised of three exons on a. nidulans chromosome 7. the cdna contains a single open reading frame (orf) that would encode a protein of 114 amino acids with 44% sequence identity to yeast cgr1p. a plasmid expressing cgra complemented the impaired growth phenotype of a ye ...	2001	11381331
effect of the raw extracts of arthrinium strains (hyphomycetes, dematiaceae) on the growth of some deleterious fungi in poultry feed.	in previous work the authors have shown that some species of the arthrinium genus are characterized by being able to produce secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of raw extracts of the growth of three different arthrinium strains against aspergillus flavus, aspergillus nidulans, fusarium moniliforme and penicillium purpurogenum when they were present in poultry feed. the results showed that the extracts reduced the growth of aspergillus ...	2001	11393747
a new sterigmatocystin-producing emericella variant from agricultural desert soils.	an unusual, sterigmatocystin-producing taxon with characteristics of both emericella nidulans (anamorph aspergillus nidulans) and emericella rugulosa (anamorph aspergillus rugulovalvus, formerly a. rugulosus) was isolated repeatedly during a mycofloral survey of desert cotton field soils where aflatoxin is a chronic problem. members of this taxon had ascospores with smooth convex walls like e. nidulans but grew slowly like e. rugulosa; moreover, they were similar to an industrial echinocandin b- ...	2001	11403392
the aspergillus nidulans mete gene is regulated by a second system independent from sulphur metabolite repression.	mutations in the aspergillus nidulans mete gene lead to requirement for o-acetylhomoserine. the gene was cloned by complementation of the mete31 mutation. the coding sequence was found to be interrupted by two introns of 66 and 50 bp, respectively. mete codes for a peptide of 489 amino acids which belongs to the family of homoserine o-acetyltransferases and a well-defined superfamily of alpha/beta hydrolases. transcription of the mete gene is strongly up-regulated by a severe limitation of methi ...	2001	11406274
isolation and characterization of sexual sporulation mutants of aspergillus nidulans.	for the genetic dissection of sexual sporulation in aspergillus nidulans, we started a collection of ascosporeless mutants. after mutagenization of conidiospores with high doses of uv, we isolated 20 mutants with defects in ascospore formation. we crossed these mutants in two successive rounds with the wild-type strain. eighteen of the 20 isolated mutants produced progeny with the original mutant phenotype in these crosses, and these mutants were further analyzed. all 18 analyzed mutations were ...	2001	11407883
aohapb, aohapc and aohape, subunits of the aspergillus oryzae ccaat-binding complex, are functionally interchangeable with the corresponding subunits in aspergillus nidulans.	two genes, aohapb and aohape, encoding subunits of the aspergillus oryzae ccaat-binding complex were cloned and sequenced. the polypeptides encoded by aohapb and aohape were expressed in escherichia coli and used to reconstitute a dna-binding complex with recombinant aohapc. the dna-binding activity was observed only in the presence of all three subunits, indicating that aohapb, aohape and aohapc are essential for ccaat-binding. furthermore, introduction of the aohapb, aohapc and aohape genes in ...	2001	11409179
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of reference strains of the genus aspergillus.	twenty-five culture collection strains from four aspergillus species (a. fumigatus n = 8, a. flavus n = 8, a. niger n = 4, a. nidulans n = 5) were characterized by four methods: (i) determination of patterns in an assimilation assay; (ii) protein pattern of whole mycelial cell lysates in the sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page); (iii) reactivity of a pool serum obtained from cystic fibrosis patients with mycelial lysates in the immunoblot; and (iv) random ampli ...	2001	11413925
resistance to itraconazole in aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus is conferred by extra copies of the a. nidulans p-450 14alpha-demethylase gene, pdma.	triazoles selectively inhibit the cytochrome p-450-dependent c-14 lanosterol alpha-demethylase (p-450 14 alpha dm), a key enzyme in ergosterol biosynthesis in fungi. to investigate mechanisms of triazole resistance in a mould, we used aspergillus nidulans, a genetically amenable model fungus closely related to more pathogenic members of the genus. we selected for genes that would give resistance to itraconazole following transformation with a high copy genomic library of a. nidulans. in all the ...	2001	11418514
site-directed mutagenesis of proline-285 to leucine in cephalosporium acremonium isopenicillin-n-synthase affects catalysis and increases soluble expression at higher temperatures.	the conversion of delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine (acv) to isopenicillin n is dependant on the catalytic action of isopenicillin n-synthase (ipns), an important enzyme in the penicillin and cephalosporin biosynthetic pathway. one of the amino acid residues suggested by the aspergillus nidulans ipns crystal structure for interaction with the valine isopropyl group of acv is proline-283. site-directed mutagenesis of the corresponding proline-285 to leucine in cephalosporium acremo ...	2001	11421458
2-methylisocitrate lyases from the bacterium escherichia coli and the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans: characterization and comparison of both enzymes.	in escherichia coli and aspergillus nidulans, propionate is oxidized to pyruvate via the methylcitrate cycle. the last step of this cycle, the cleavage of 2-methylisocitrate to succinate and pyruvate is catalysed by 2-methylisocitrate lyase. the enzymes from both organisms were assayed with chemically synthesized threo-2-methylisocitrate; the erythro-diastereomer was not active. 2-methylisocitrate lyase from e. coli corresponds to the prpb protein of the prp operon involved in propionate oxidati ...	2001	11422389
identification of two different 14-alpha sterol demethylase-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) in aspergillus fumigatus and other aspergillus species.	two cyp51-related genes (cyp51a and cyp51b) encoding 14-alpha sterol demethylase-like enzymes were identified in the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. pcr amplification using degenerate oligonucleotides based on conserved areas of cytochrome p450 demethylases of other filamentous fungi and yeasts allowed the cloning and sequencing of two different homologue genes in a. fumigatus. southern analysis confirmed that both genes hybridized to distinct genomic loci and that both are r ...	2001	11427550
trehalose is required for the acquisition of tolerance to a variety of stresses in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.	trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide found at high concentrations in aspergillus nidulans conidia and rapidly degraded upon induction of conidial germination. furthermore, trehalose is accumulated in response to a heat shock or to an oxidative shock. the authors have characterized the a. nidulans tpsa gene encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, which catalyses the first step in trehalose biosynthesis. expression of tpsa in a saccharomyces cerevisiae tps1 mutant revealed that the tpsa gene ...	2001	11429462
cloning and characterization of the cpya gene encoding intracellular carboxypeptidase from aspergillus nidulans.	carboxypeptidase y (cpy) has been used as a maker enzyme for investigations on intracellular transport of vacuolar proteins and on vacuolar biogenesis in saccharomyces cerevisiae. we describe the cloning and characterization of the cpy homologue encoding gene (cpya) from the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans. the cpya gene has one intron and encodes a protein with 552 amino acids containing a putative signal sequence and pro-sequence. the predicted cpya protein is highly similar in sequenc ...	2001	11440134
carbon catabolite repression in aspergillus nidulans involves deubiquitination.	the best studied role of ubiquitination is to mark proteins for destruction by the proteasome but, in addition, it has recently been shown to promote macromolecular assembly and function, and alter protein function, thus playing a regulatory role distinct from protein degradation. deubiquinating enzymes, the ubiquitin-processing proteases (ubps) and the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolases (uchs), remove ubiquitin from ubiquitinated substrates. we show here that the creb gene involved in carbon ...	2001	11442830
alanine-scanning mutagenesis of aspergillus gamma-tubulin yields diverse and novel phenotypes.	we have created 41 clustered charged-to-alanine scanning mutations of the mipa, gamma-tubulin, gene of aspergillus nidulans and have created strains carrying these mutations by two-step gene replacement and by a new procedure, heterokaryon gene replacement. most mutant alleles confer a wild-type phenotype, but others are lethal or conditionally lethal. the conditionally lethal alleles exhibit a variety of phenotypes under restrictive conditions. most have robust but highly abnormal mitotic spind ...	2001	11452008
the isda gene is necessary for sexual development inhibition by a salt in aspergillus nidulans.	using one of 17 expressed sequence tags (ests) previously identified as specific to the late sexual developmental (lsd) stage of aspergillus nidulans, a gene for the subject est was isolated. the determined dna sequences revealed an open reading frame encoding a 356 amino acid polypeptide which does not share a sequence similarity to previously identified genes or proteins. the isolated gene was named lsda (late sexual development), since it was expressed abundantly at the lsd stage. the lsda ge ...	2001	11453253
characterization of the role of the flug protein in asexual development of aspergillus nidulans.	we showed previously that a deltaflug mutation results in a block in aspergillus nidulans asexual sporulation and that overexpression of flug activates sporulation in liquid-submerged culture, a condition that does not normally support sporulation of wild-type strains. here we demonstrate that the entire n-terminal region of flug ( approximately 400 amino acids) can be deleted without affecting sporulation, indicating that flug activity resides in the c-terminal half of the protein, which bears ...	2001	11454752
functional expression and cellular localization of a green fluorescent protein-tagged proline transporter in aspergillus nidulans.	the prnb protein is a highly specific proline transporter that belongs to an amino acid transporter family conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. in this work, we detected and analyzed the cellular localization of prnb in vivo by means of green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusions. several prnb-gfp gene fusions, driven by prnb native promoter sequences, were constructed and targeted to the genomic locus of a prnb null mutant. chimeric proteins containing gfp fused to the c terminus of prnb t ...	2001	11456464
functional analysis of tama, a coactivator of nitrogen-regulated gene expression in aspergillus nidulans.	the tam a gene of aspergillus nidulans encodes a 739-amino acid protein with similarity to uga35p/dal81p/durlp of saccharomyces cerevisiae. it has been proposed that tama functions as a co-activator of area, the major nitrogen regulatory protein in a. nidulans. because area functions as a transcriptional activator under nitrogen-limiting conditions, we investigated whether tama was also present in the nucleus. we found that a gfp-tama fusion protein was predominantly localised to the nucleus in ...	2001	11459183
myosin i mutants with only 1% of wild-type actin-activated mgatpase activity retain essential in vivo function(s).	the single class i myosin (myoa) of aspergillus nidulans is essential for hyphal growth. it is generally assumed that the functions of all myosins depend on their actin-activated mgatpase activity. here we show that myoa mutants with no more than 1% of the actin-activated mgatpase activity of wild-type myoa in vitro and no detectable in vitro motility activity can support fungal cell growth, albeit with a delay in germination time and a reduction in hyphal elongation. from these and other data, ...	2001	11459943
the aspergillus nidulans carnitine carrier encoded by the acuh gene is exclusively located in the mitochondria.	the location of the aspergillus nidulans carnitine/acyl-carnitine carrier (acuh) was studied. acuh with a his-tag at its n-terminus was over-expressed in escherichia coli and purified by ni(2+) affinity chromatography. the purified protein was utilised to raise polyclonal antibodies which were characterised by western blotting. for localisation studies a. nidulans t1 strain, that contains the acuh gene under control of the strong promoter alca(p), was derived. results obtained demonstrate the ex ...	2001	11470361
development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase.	the development of a homologous transformation system for the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus is described. the system is based on the sc gene encoding atp sulfurylase. several a. fumigatus sc mutant strains were readily isolated by strong selection for selenate resistance. the coding region plus upstream and downstream regulatory sequences of the a. fumigatus sc gene were cloned by inverse pcr and then sequenced. sequencing of the sc cdna revealed the presence of fiv ...	2001	11479709
a single gene produces mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and peroxisomal nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase in aspergillus nidulans.	nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes catalyze the decarboxylation of isocitrate to 2-oxoglutarate accompanied by the production of nadph. in mammals two different genes encode mitochondrial and cytoplasmic/peroxisomal located enzymes, whereas in saccharomyces cerevisiae three separate genes specify compartment specific enzymes. we have identified a single gene, idpa, in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans that specifies a protein with a high degree of identity to mammalian and ...	2001	11483612
the nsdd gene encodes a putative gata-type transcription factor necessary for sexual development of aspergillus nidulans.	the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually is one of the characteristics of the homothalic ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. unlike the other aspergillus species, a. nidulans undergoes sexual development that seems to be regulated by internal and external stimuli. to begin to understand the sexual reproduction of a. nidulans we previously isolated and characterized several nsd (never in sexual development) mutants that failed to produce any sexual reproductive organs, and identified fou ...	2001	11489119
the lis1-related protein nudf of aspergillus nidulans and its interaction partner nude bind directly to specific subunits of dynein and dynactin and to alpha- and gamma-tubulin.	the nudf protein of aspergillus nidulans, which is required for nuclear migration through the fungal mycelium, closely resembles the lis1 protein required for migration of neurons to the cerebral cortex in humans. genetic experiments suggested that nudf influences nuclear migration by affecting cytoplasmic dynein. nudf interacts with another protein, nude, which also affects nuclear migration in a. nidulans. interactions among lis1, nude, dynein, and gamma-tubulin have been demonstrated in anima ...	2001	11509576
cell cycle progression and cell polarity require sphingolipid biosynthesis in aspergillus nidulans.	sphingolipids are major components of the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells and were once thought of merely as structural components of the membrane. we have investigated effects of inhibiting sphingolipid biosynthesis, both in germinating spores and growing hyphae of aspergillus nidulans. in germinating spores, genetic or pharmacological inactivation of inositol phosphorylceramide (ipc) synthase arrests the cell cycle in g(1) and also prevents polarized growth during spore germination. howeve ...	2001	11509663
visualization of nuclei in aspergillus oryzae with egfp and analysis of the number of nuclei in each conidium by facs.	aspergillus oryzae has been reported to form conidia with multinuclei. in order to analyze nuclei in living cells, we developed an expression system of the a. nidutans histone h2b protein tagged by egfp (h2b::egfp). in both a. oryzae niad300 and a. nidulans fgsc89 transformants expressing h2b::egfp, fluorescence was detected in nuclear regions of hyphae and conidia. while a conidium contained only one fluorescent spot in the a. nidulans transformant, approximately 66% of conidia had two, 24% had ...	2001	11515532
in vivo and in vitro analyses of the amyr binding site of the aspergillus nidulans agda promoter; requirement of the cgg direct repeat for induction and high affinity binding of amyr.	the alpha-glucosidase gene (agda) of aspergillus nidulans has a single cggn8cgg type amyr binding site in its promoter region. the binding site is functional in vivo as a cis-element responsible for induction by starch, and mutational studies indicated that both the cgg triplets are required for high-level induction. a part of amyr (residues 1-411; amyr(1-411)), which was produced as a male fusion protein in e. coli, bound to the cggn8cgg site of the agda promoter. dna binding profiles to the mu ...	2001	11515540
a family of dna repeats in aspergillus nidulans has assimilated degenerated retrotransposons.	in the course of a chromosomal walk towards the centromere of chromosome iv of aspergillus nidulans, several cross-hybridizing genomic cosmid clones were isolated. restriction mapping of two such clones revealed that their restriction patterns were similar in a region of at least 15 kb, indicating the presence of a large repeat. the nature of the repeat was further investigated by sequencing and southern analysis. the study revealed a family of long dispersed repeats with a high degree of sequen ...	2001	11523805