Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase and methionine formation in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis remains a major world-wide health threat which demands the discovery and characterisation of new drug targets in order to develop future antimycobacterials. the regeneration of methionine consumed during polyamine biosynthesis is an important pathway present in many microorganisms. the final step of this pathway, the conversion of ketomethiobutyrate to methionine, can be performed by aspartate, tyrosine, or branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases depending on the particular spec ... | 2004 | 15471546 |
| human mitochondrial peptide deformylase, a new anticancer target of actinonin-based antibiotics. | peptide deformylase activity was thought to be limited to ribosomal protein synthesis in prokaryotes, where new peptides are initiated with an n-formylated methionine. we describe here a new human peptide deformylase (homo sapiens pdf, or hspdf) that is localized to the mitochondria. hspdf is capable of removing formyl groups from n-terminal methionines of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins, an activity previously not thought to be necessary in mammalian cells. we show that actinonin, a pe ... | 2004 | 15489958 |
| [screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against zoonotic agents in employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria. sixty out of 120 employees participated in the study. in 97% of them antibodies to at least one zoonotic agent were identified. only two participants were free of antibodies to the zoonotic agents tested. the following seroprevalences (in brackets) were obtained: viral zoonotic (and potentially zoonotic) agents: influenzavirus a/h1n1 ... | 2004 | 15495931 |
| co-crystallization of leptospira interrogans peptide deformylase with a potent inhibitor and molecular-replacement schemes with eight subunits in an asymmetric unit. | translation initiation in eubacteria involves a formylmethionine at the n-terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides. this n-formyl group is removed by peptide deformylase (pdf) during the post-translation process. such a formylation/deformylation cycle is essential for the cell survival of eubacteria, but is not utilized in eukaryotic cytosolic protein biosynthesis. in view of the absence of deformylase activity in mammalian cells, this is an attractive target for the design of novel antibiotic ... | 2004 | 14684909 |
| neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide structure-dependent activation of the macrophage cd14/toll-like receptor 4 pathway. | meningococcal lipopoly(oligo)saccharide (los) is a major inflammatory mediator of fulminant meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. highly purified wild-type meningococcal los and los from genetically defined mutants of neisseria meningitidis that contained specific mutations in los biosynthesis pathways were used to confirm that meningococcal los activation of macrophages was cd14/toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-md-2 dependent and to elucidate the los structural requirement for tlr4 activation. expres ... | 2004 | 14688118 |
| host-inducible immunogenic sphingomyelinase-like protein, lk73.5, of leptospira interrogans. | leptospira interrogans causes a variety of clinical syndromes in animals and humans. although much information has accumulated on the importance of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide in protective antibody responses, relatively little is known about proteins that participate in immune responses. identification of those proteins induced only in the host is particularly difficult. using a novel double-antibody screen designed to identify clones in a gene library of l. interrogans serovar pomona expres ... | 2004 | 14742516 |
| serologic survey for selected disease agents in wolves (canis lupus) from alaska and the yukon territory, 1984-2000. | wolves (canis lupus) were captured in several geographic areas of alaska (usa) and the yukon territory (canada) during 1984-2000. blood was collected from 1,122 animals. sera were tested for antibodies against infectious canine hepatitis virus (ich), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), francisella tularensis, and serovars of leptospira interrogans. antibody prevalence for ich was >84% for all areas. area-specific prevalences of antibodies ranged from 12% to 70% for cpv, from 0 ... | 2004 | 15650081 |
| evaluation of lig-based conventional and real time pcr for the detection of pathogenic leptospires. | leptospirosis is globally important infectious disease affecting almost all mammals. pathogenic leptospira encodes immunoglobulin-like protein (lig) that is found to express only during infection. we report the development of conventional and real time pcr assays targeting lig genes of leptospires for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis. sensitivity of the newly designed lig1/lig2 primers for conventional pcr was compared with previously published primers lp1/lp2 and g1/g2. g1/g2 primers amplif ... | 2004 | 15680212 |
| investigation of zinc-containing peptide deformylase from leptospira interrogans by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. | peptide deformylase (pdf, ec 3.5.1.27) is essential for the normal growth of eubacterium but not for mammalians. recently, pdf has been studied as a target for new antibiotics. its activity is strongly dependent on the bound metal ion. the crystallographic studies did not show any significant structural difference upon various bound metal ions. in this paper, x-ray absorption spectroscopy was employed to determine the local structure around the zinc ion of pdf from leptospira interrogans in dry ... | 2004 | 15616374 |
| identification of a sulp-type bicarbonate transporter in marine cyanobacteria. | cyanobacteria possess a highly effective co(2)-concentrating mechanism that elevates co(2) concentrations around the primary carboxylase, rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase). this co(2)-concentrating mechanism incorporates light-dependent, active uptake systems for co(2) and hco(-)(3). through mutant studies in a coastal marine cyanobacterium, synechococcus sp. strain pcc7002, we identified bica as a gene that encodes a class of hco(-)(3) transporter with relatively low tra ... | 2004 | 15596724 |
| [latex agglutination system for the rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis in cuba]. | to assess the sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and stability of five latex agglutination systems for detecting antibodies against leptospira in human and animal sera, by using the leptospira serotypes that are most widely prevalent in cuba. | 2004 | 15615600 |
| extracellular secretion of the borrelia burgdorferi oms28 porin and bgp, a glycosaminoglycan binding protein. | borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease pathogen, cycles between its ixodes tick vector and vertebrate hosts, adapting to vastly different biochemical environments. spirochete gene expression as a function of temperature, ph, growth phase, and host milieu is well studied, and recent work suggests that regulatory networks are involved. here, we examine the release of borrelia burgdorferi strain b31 proteins into conditioned medium. spirochetes intrinsically radiolabeled at concentrations ranging f ... | 2004 | 15501754 |
| human leptospirosis in erode, south india: serology, isolation, and characterization of the isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting. | the study describes the first attempt to record leptospirosis in erode by isolation and serological tests such as the microscopic agglutination test and igm-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. twenty-nine clinically suspected cases showing fever, headache, body ache associated with jaundice, decreased urine output, and conjunctival suffusion were included. the age of the patients ranged between 10-71 years and most of them were agricultural workers. paired sera were possible among 12 cases. ... | 2004 | 15507774 |
| proteomic analysis of the sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction of helicobacter pylori strain 26695. | helicobacter pylori causes gastroduodenal disease, which is mediated in part by its outer membrane proteins (omps). to identify omps of h. pylori strain 26695, we performed a proteomic analysis. a sarcosine-insoluble outer membrane fraction was resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradient strips. most of the protein spots, with molecular masses of 10 to 100 kda, were visible on the gel in the alkaline pi regions (6.0 to 10.0). the proteome of the omps was analyzed by ... | 2004 | 14761989 |
| aneruptive fever associated with antibodies to rickettsia helvetica in europe and thailand. | we report that eight patients from france, italy, and thailand had serological evidence of rickettsia helvetica infection. the infection presented as a mild disease in the warm season and was associated with fever, headache, and myalgia but not with a cutaneous rash. r. helvetica should be suspected in patients with unexplained fever, especially following a bite from an ixodes sp. tick. | 2004 | 14766859 |
| divergence and redundancy of 16s rrna sequences in genomes with multiple rrn operons. | the level of sequence heterogeneity among rrn operons within genomes determines the accuracy of diversity estimation by 16s rrna-based methods. furthermore, the occurrence of widespread horizontal gene transfer (hgt) between distantly related rrn operons casts doubt on reconstructions of phylogenetic relationships. for this study, patterns of distribution of rrn copy numbers, interoperonic divergence, and redundancy of 16s rrna sequences were evaluated. bacterial genomes display up to 15 operons ... | 2004 | 15090503 |
| molecular evolution and mosaicism of leptospiral outer membrane proteins involves horizontal dna transfer. | leptospires belong to a genus of parasitic bacterial spirochetes that have adapted to a broad range of mammalian hosts. mechanisms of leptospiral molecular evolution were explored by sequence analysis of four genes shared by 38 strains belonging to the core group of pathogenic leptospira species: l. interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. noguchii, l. borgpetersenii, l. santarosai, and l. weilii. the 16s rrna and lipl32 genes were highly conserved, and the lipl41 and ompl1 genes were significantly more v ... | 2004 | 15090524 |
| bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway. | the thiomethyl group of s-adenosylmethionine is often recycled as methionine from methylthioadenosine. the corresponding pathway has been unravelled in bacillus subtilis. however methylthioadenosine is subjected to alternative degradative pathways depending on the organism. | 2004 | 15102328 |
| partial analysis of the genomes of two nontypeable haemophilus influenzae otitis media isolates. | in 1995, the institute for genomic research completed the genomic sequence of a rough derivative of haemophilus influenzae serotype d, strain kw20. this sequence, though extremely useful in understanding the basic biology of h. influenzae, has yet to provide significant insight into our understanding of disease caused by nontypeable h. influenzae (nthi), because serotype d strains are not generally pathogens. in contrast, nthi strains are frequently mucosal pathogens and are the primary pathogen ... | 2004 | 15102813 |
| broth microdilution susceptibility testing for leptospira spp. | leptospirosis in humans has traditionally been treated with penicillin or doxycycline. the choice of therapy offered at the time of initial patient presentation is often empirical, as definitive diagnosis can take weeks. determining the activity of numerous antimicrobial agents against a wide range of leptospira serovars may broaden empirical therapeutic options. various antimicrobials have been shown to be active against a limited number of serovars in in vitro studies, chiefly by the use of br ... | 2004 | 15105104 |
| reemerging leptospirosis, california. | leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease in california. leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world, though it is infrequently diagnosed in the continental united states. from 1982 to 2001, most reported california cases occurred in previously healthy young adult white men after recreational exposures to contaminated freshwater. we report five recent cases of human leptospirosis acquired in california, including the first documented common-source outbreak of human ... | 2004 | 15109405 |
| cleavage of double-stranded rna by rnase hi from a thermoacidophilic archaeon, sulfolobus tokodaii 7. | st0753, the orthologous gene of type 1 rnase h found in a thermoacidophilic archaeon, sulfolobus tokodaii, was analyzed. the recombinant st0753 protein exhibited rnase h activity in both in vivo and in vitro assays. the protein expressed in an rnase h-deficient mutant escherichia coli strain functioned to suppress the temperature-sensitive phenotype associated with the lack of rnase h. the in vitro characteristics of the gene's rnase h activity were similar to those of halobacterium rnase hi, th ... | 2004 | 15520465 |
| utility of schistosoma bovis adult worm antigens for diagnosis of human schistosomiasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electroimmunotransfer blot techniques. | immunodiagnostic methods based on the detection of antibodies continue to be the most effective and practical methods for the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis. schistosoma bovis is a species whose final natural hosts are bovines, ovines, caprines, and small wild ruminants. different studies have demonstrated the analogies existing between s. bovis and other schistosoma species which affect humans. the objective of this work was to evaluate the utility of s. bovis adult worm antigens (awa) f ... | 2004 | 15539523 |
| proposal to list atcc 43642 as the type strain of leptospira interrogans in the approved lists of bacterial names. request for an opinion. | atcc 23581(t) has been cited as the type strain of leptospira interrogans since 1980. in 1986, the centers for disease control informed the atcc that this strain was leptospira interrogans serovar budapest, not serovar icterohaemorrhagiae as deposited originally. an authentic culture of the leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae rga(t) strain was then submitted and assigned atcc 43642, which was designated as the type strain of leptospira interrogans in an article by yasuda et al. [y ... | 2004 | 15545494 |
| comparative analysis of the borrelia garinii genome. | three members of the genus borrelia (b.burgdorferi, b.garinii, b.afzelii) cause tick-borne borreliosis. depending on the borrelia species involved, the borreliosis differs in its clinical symptoms. comparative genomics opens up a way to elucidate the underlying differences in borrelia species. we analysed a low redundancy whole-genome shotgun (wgs) assembly of a b.garinii strain isolated from a patient with neuroborreliosis in comparison to the b.burgdorferi genome. this analysis reveals that mo ... | 2004 | 15547252 |
| a 22-mer primer enhances discriminatory power of ap-pcr fingerprinting technique in characterization of leptospires. | to evaluate the discriminatory power and usefulness of arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) characterization of leptospires with m16 primer. | 2004 | 15548317 |
| evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect hemagglutination assay for detection of leptospiral antibody by using three different antigens. | evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) for detection of leptospiral antibody were performed using three different soluble antigens extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar bataviae including heat extracted antigen (hea), sonicated antigen (sa) and deoxycholate extracted antigen (dea). one hundred seventy-eight sera from 85 confirmed leptospirosis cases and 202 non-leptospirosis cases were examined sa-iha showed the highest sensitivi ... | 2004 | 15560701 |
| new insights into type ii nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductases. | type ii nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductases (ndh-2) catalyze the two-electron transfer from nad(p)h to quinones, without any energy-transducing site. ndh-2 accomplish the turnover of nad(p)h, regenerating the nad(p)(+) pool, and may contribute to the generation of a membrane potential through complexes iii and iv. these enzymes are usually constituted by a nontransmembrane polypeptide chain of approximately 50 kda, containing a flavin moiety. there are a few compounds that can prevent their activity ... | 2004 | 15590775 |
| identification and analysis of genes present in leptospira interrogans serovar lai but absent in l. biflexa serovar monvalerio. | genes present in virulent bacterial strains but absent in avirulent close relatives can be of great biologic and clinical interest. this project aimed to identify strain specific dna sequences of leptospira interrogans serovar lai, which is absent in the saprophytic l. biflexa serovar monvalerio, via suppression subtractive hybridization with the former as the tester while the latter as the driver. the mixture of pcr amplified dna fragments from two subtractive hybridization experiments were clo ... | 2004 | 15592651 |
| effects of static magnetic field on growth of leptospire, leptospira interrogans serovar canicola: immunoreactivity and cell division. | the effects of the exposure of the bacterium, leptospira interrogans serovar canicola to a constant magnetic field with magnetic flux density from a permanent ferrite magnet=140+/-5 mt were studied. changes in leptospira cells after their exposure to the field were determined on the basis of changes in their growth behavior and agglutination immunoreactivity with a homologous antiserum using dark-field microscopy together with visual imaging. the data showed that the exposed leptospira cells hav ... | 2004 | 16233687 |
| [efficacy of spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis as estimated by passive protection of laboratory rodents]. | this study had for aim to assess the serological response induced by the spirolept vaccine against human leptospirosis. | 2004 | 16235594 |
| leptospirosis in northern india: a clinical and serological study. | a total of 400 serum samples collected from patients, clinically suspected of leptospirosis, were evaluated for antibodies by lepto dipstick and microscopic agglutination test (mat). twenty of these patients (5%) had serological evidence of leptospirosis. leptospira interrogans serovars autumnalis and icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola and javanica were serogroups recorded serologically. fever and jaundice were the most common clinical presentations. male preponderance was seen in the leptospirosis c ... | 2003 | 15115094 |
| markedly prolonged jaundice from simultaneous infection with hepatitis e virus and leptospira. | we treated a patient simultaneously infected with hepatitis e virus and leptospira interrogans, both acquired in china. severe hyperbilirubinemia required nearly 200 days to resolve, transminase elevation showed a fluctuating course, and liver biopsy specimens showed fibrosis unusual for hepatitis e. leptospirosis appeared to have altered the course of hepatitis e virus infection in this patient, even though infection with leptospira was cleared with antibiotics by 50 days after the onset of the ... | 2003 | 14768480 |
| [sero-epidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters--comparative analysis with veterinarians, farmers, and abattoir workers]. | the aim of this study was to investigate seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to compare the results with other predisposed occupational groups already investigated and to propose preventive measures. blood samples were taken from 146 male and 3 female hunters from the provinces of styria and burgenland in the south-east of austria and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following bacterial, viral and parasitic zoonotic ag ... | 2003 | 15508783 |
| [microbiological characterization of candidate vaccine strains of ballum serogroup leptospira interrogans]. | two candidate vaccines of ballum serogroup leptospira interrogans were microbiologically characterized as part of the work directed to the obtention of new antileptospirosis vaccine formulations for human use. the growth kynetics of both strains was evaluated in emjh protein medium and in 3 protein free media. the virulence was estimated in hamsters by the calculation of the mean lethal dose. the cellular and extracellular antigenic profiles were analyzed by unidimensional sds-page and compared ... | 2003 | 15849918 |
| [a case of acute pancreatitis due to weil's disease]. | leptospirosis, the most common vasculitic zoonosis in the world, is characterized with jaundice and acute renal failure. however, pancreatitis is an uncommon complication of leptospirosis. in this report, an acute pancreatitis case due to weil's disease has been presented. a 31-year-old female patient with high levels of glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, bilirubin, amylase and lipase, has been diagnosed to have leptospirosis by the high positive result (1/800) of microsc ... | 2003 | 14748267 |
| [distribution of virulence associated genes among strains of leptospira]. | to analyze factors related to the virulence associated genes of leptospires. | 2003 | 14761630 |
| lipoteichoic acids from lactobacillus strains elicit strong tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing activities in macrophages through toll-like receptor 2. | lactobacilli are nonpathogenic gram-positive inhabitants of microflora. at least some lactobacillus strains have been postulated to have health beneficial effects, such as the stimulation of the immune system. here we examined the stimulatory effects of lactobacilli on mouse immune cells. all six heat-killed lactobacillus strains examined induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) from mouse splenic mononuclear cells, albeit to various degrees. when fractionated subcellular ... | 2003 | 12626452 |
| interleukin 12 in part regulates gamma interferon release in human whole blood stimulated with leptospira interrogans. | heat-killed pathogenic leptospira interrogans serovar rachmati induced the production of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and the ifn-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin-12p40 (il-12p40) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in human whole blood in vitro. the production of ifn-gamma was largely dependent on il-12. these data establish that pathogenic leptospires can stimulate the production of type i cytokines involved in cellular immunity. | 2003 | 12626464 |
| monocytes heterozygous for the asp299gly and thr399ile mutations in the toll-like receptor 4 gene show no deficit in lipopolysaccharide signalling. | toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-mediated recognition of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is required for efficient recognition of gram-negative bacterial infections. two commonly occurring mutations in the human tlr4 gene (asp299gly and thr399ile) have recently been shown to be associated with blunted physiological responses to inhaled lps, and with increased risk of gram-negative bacteraemia in sepsis patients and reduced risk of atherosclerosis in an italian population. here we show that monocytes from in ... | 2003 | 12796470 |
| systematic cloning of treponema pallidum open reading frames for protein expression and antigen discovery. | a topoisomerase-based method was used to clone pcr products encoding 991 of the 1041 open reading frames identified in the genome sequence of the bacterium that causes syphilis, treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. cloning the open reading frames into the univector plasmid system permitted the rapid conversion of the original clone set to other functional vectors containing a variety of promoters or tag sequences. a computational prediction of signal sequences identified 248 t. pallidum proteins ... | 2003 | 12805273 |
| [leptospiral infection and subclinical presentation among children in salvador, bahia]. | the purposes of this investigation were to identify the frequency and risk factors of leptospiral infection among children aged between 2 and 15 years in salvador, bahia, household contacts of patients (index-cases) hospitalized at couto maia hospital due to leptospira interrogans (elisa igm positive). among 148 household contacts from 25 selected index-cases, clinical and epidemiological data were collected and elisa igm and igg were performed in paired sera (between 20 days) from 73 (49.3%). t ... | 2003 | 12806459 |
| duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated against leptospirosis with a bivalent inactivated vaccine. | duration of immunity in dogs induced with current commercial inactivated leptospirosis vaccines and evaluated against experimental infection, to date, has hardly been documented. the purpose of the present work was to assess the duration of immunity in dogs that is attainable with a commercial inactivated bivalent leptospirosis vaccine. for this purpose, young dogs were vaccinated twice followed by challenge with either leptospira interrogans serovar canicola or l. interrogans serovar icterohaem ... | 2003 | 12860082 |
| leptospira interrogans activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: preferential expansion of tcr gamma delta+ t cells vs tcr alpha beta+ t cells. | innate and adaptive immune responses induced by leptospirosis have not been well characterized. in this study we show that in vitro exposure of naive human pbmc to leptospira interrogans results in cell proliferation and the production of ifn-gamma, il-12, and tnf-alpha. cell proliferation was highest when using high numbers of leptospira. optimal cell proliferation occurred at 6-8 days, and the majority of cells contained in these cultures were gamma/delta t cells. these cultures showed a 10- t ... | 2003 | 12874237 |
| an angiogenic switch in macrophages involving synergy between toll-like receptors 2, 4, 7, and 9 and adenosine a(2a) receptors. | adenosine a(2a) receptor (a(2a)r) agonists synergize with escherichia coli (e. coli) lps [toll-like receptor (tlr)4 agonist] to up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) expression in murine macrophages. here, we demonstrate that tlr2, tlr7, and tlr9, but not tlr3 and tlr5 agonists, also synergize with a(2a)r agonists and adenosine to up-regulate vegf, while simultaneously strongly down-regulating tnfalpha expression. in the absence of adenosine or a(2a)r agonists, porphyromonas ging ... | 2003 | 12875990 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bacterial and archaeal arsc gene sequences suggests an ancient, common origin for arsenate reductase. | the ars gene system provides arsenic resistance for a variety of microorganisms and can be chromosomal or plasmid-borne. the arsc gene, which codes for an arsenate reductase is essential for arsenate resistance and transforms arsenate into arsenite, which is extruded from the cell. a survey of genbank shows that arsc appears to be phylogenetically widespread both in organisms with known arsenic resistance and those organisms that have been sequenced as part of whole genome projects. | 2003 | 12877744 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of seven leptospira species to traditional and newer antibiotics. | human leptospirosis is generally treated with penicillin or doxycycline. we studied the susceptibilities of 11 serovars (seven species) of leptospira to 14 antibiotics. with the exception of chloramphenicol, all tested agents were at least as potent as penicillin and doxycycline, with the macrolide and ketolide drugs producing the lowest mics (and minimal bactericidal concentrations). | 2003 | 12878533 |
| pathogenic leptospira species express surface-exposed proteins belonging to the bacterial immunoglobulin superfamily. | proteins with bacterial immunoglobulin-like (big) domains, such as the yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin and escherichia coli intimin, are surface-expressed proteins that mediate host mammalian cell invasion or attachment. here, we report the identification and characterization of a new family of big domain proteins, referred to as lig (leptospiral ig-like) proteins, in pathogenic leptospira. screening of l. interrogans and l. kirschneri expression libraries with sera from leptospirosis patien ... | 2003 | 12890019 |
| [seroepidemiological studies of zoonotic infections in hunters in southeastern austria--prevalences, risk factors, and preventive methods]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences to zoonotic pathogens in hunters, to propose preventive measures and to obtain more information about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in local wild animal populations. from 146 male and 3 female hunters originating from the south-eastern austrian federal states of styria and burgenland blood samples were taken and anamnestic data were obtained using a questionnaire. the serological investigations included the following viral, bact ... | 2003 | 12894685 |
| serodiagnosis of syphilis: antibodies to recombinant tp0453, tp92, and gpd proteins are sensitive and specific indicators of infection by treponema pallidum. | syphilis serodiagnosis relies on a combination of nonspecific screening tests (antilipoidal antibodies) and treponema pallidum-specific tests (anti-t. pallidum antibodies). we studied a group of six recombinant t. pallidum antigens for their sensitivities and specificities with sera from individuals with syphilis (n = 43), relapsing fever (n = 8), lyme disease (n = 8), and leptospirosis (n = 9) and from uninfected individuals (n = 15). three recombinant proteins, tp0155, tp0483, and tp0751, demo ... | 2003 | 12904373 |
| application of comparative genomics in the identification and analysis of novel families of membrane-associated receptors in bacteria. | a great diversity of multi-pass membrane receptors, typically with 7 transmembrane (tm) helices, is observed in the eukaryote crown group. so far, they are relatively rare in the prokaryotes, and are restricted to the well-characterized sensory rhodopsins of various phototropic prokaryotes. | 2003 | 12914674 |
| regulation of the vitamin b12 metabolism and transport in bacteria by a conserved rna structural element. | cobalamin in the form of adenosylcobalamin (ado-cbl) is known to repress expression of genes for vitamin b(12) biosynthesis and be transported by a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism, which involves direct binding of ado-cbl to 5'untranslated gene regions (5'utr). using comparative analysis of genes and regulatory regions, we identified a highly conserved rna structure, the b12-element, which is widely distributed in 5'utrs of vitamin b(12)-related genes in eubacteria. multiple alignment o ... | 2003 | 12923257 |
| comparison of the efficacy of three commercial bacterins in preventing canine leptospirosis. | twenty-four specific pathogen-free beagles were randomly allocated into four groups (three vaccinated groups and one control group) and inoculated at nine and 12 weeks of age with one of three commercial inactivated leptospira vaccines: a (vanguard 7; pfizer santé animale), b (dohyvac 7l; fort dodge), and c (nobivac dhppi + lepto; intervet international); the control group received nobivac dhppi (intervet international). seven weeks after the second vaccination all the dogs were challenged with ... | 2003 | 12934727 |
| detection of igm specific antibody using indirect immunofluorescent assay for diagnosis of acute leptospirosis. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis, caused by leptospira interrogans. at the earlier stage of the disease, the igm immunoassays are expected to have more sensitivity than other immunoassays. previous reports showed that the indirect immunofluorescent assay for detection of immunoglobulins (ifa-igs) against leptospira spp showed higher sensitive and specific than some genus specific tests. the authors determined an efficacy of the indirect immunofluorescent assay for detection of igm specific ... | 2003 | 12948259 |
| nonulcerative keratouveitis as a manifestation of leptospiral infection in a horse. | a 2-year-old thoroughbred filly presented with ocular pain and epiphora of the left eye. the pupil was miotic and the cornea edematous near the ventro-temporal limbus, but did not retain any fluorescein. the topical antibiotics and atropine and diclofenac, and systemic flunixin meglumine and antibiotic therapy did not resolve the condition. a pink and fleshy infiltrate developed near the limbus indicating nonulcerative keratouveitis. the anterior uveitis deteriorated as manifested by the presenc ... | 2003 | 12950649 |
| evolution of mosaic operons by horizontal gene transfer and gene displacement in situ. | shuffling and disruption of operons and horizontal gene transfer are major contributions to the new, dynamic view of prokaryotic evolution. under the 'selfish operon' hypothesis, operons are viewed as mobile genetic entities that are constantly disseminated via horizontal gene transfer, although their retention could be favored by the advantage of coregulation of functionally linked genes. here we apply comparative genomics and phylogenetic analysis to examine horizontal transfer of entire opero ... | 2003 | 12952534 |
| the etiology of acute pyrexia of unknown origin in children after a flood. | acute pyrexia of unknown origin (puo) is a major public health problem in thailand. we studied the etiology of 180 cases of acute puo in children after a sudden severe flood in hat yai city in 2000. dengue infection and leptospirosis accounted for more than half of the total cases. dengue hemorrhagic fever was the most common (29.4%) followed by leptospirosis (27.2%) and scrub typhus infection (1.1%). five serovars of leptospires were involved in this study. leptospira interrogans bataviae was t ... | 2003 | 12971532 |
| leptospira interrogans serovar valbuzzi: a cause of severe pulmonary haemorrhages in the andaman islands. | outbreaks of leptospirosis that present with predominant pulmonary signs and symptoms have been occurring in the andaman islands since the late 1980s. before this, pulmonary haemorrhage had not been observed as a common complication of leptospirosis in india. during an outbreak on north andaman in 1997, four leptospire isolates were obtained from blood of a fatal case and three other patients who recovered. these isolates were characterized using serological and molecular techniques. cross-agglu ... | 2003 | 12972588 |
| an improved probability mapping approach to assess genome mosaicism. | maximum likelihood and posterior probability mapping are useful visualization techniques that are used to ascertain the mosaic nature of prokaryotic genomes. however, posterior probabilities, especially when calculated for four-taxon cases, tend to overestimate the support for tree topologies. furthermore, because of poor taxon sampling four-taxon analyses suffer from sensitivity to the long branch attraction artifact. here we extend the probability mapping approach by improving taxon sampling o ... | 2003 | 12974984 |
| complete sequence of virulence plasmid pjm1 from the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum strain 775. | the virulence plasmid pjm1 enables the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum, a gram-negative polarly flagellated comma-shaped rod bacterium, to cause a highly fatal hemorrhagic septicemic disease in salmonids and other fishes, leading to epizootics throughout the world. the pjm1 plasmid 65,009-nucleotide sequence, with an overall g+c content of 42.6%, revealed genes and open reading frames (orfs) encoding iron transporters, nonribosomal peptide enzymes, and other proteins essential for the biosynthe ... | 2003 | 13129954 |
| leptospirosis in india and the rest of the world. | leptospirosis is an acute anthropo-zoonotic infection of worldwide significance caused by spirochaete leptospira interrogans which has 23 serogroups and >200 serovars. various factors influencing the animal activity, suitability of the environment for the survival of the organism and behavorial and occupational habits of human beings can be the determinants of incidence and prevalence of the disease. the disease was considered inconsequential till recently, but it is emerging as an important pub ... | 2003 | 14499041 |
| the urokinase receptor can be induced by borrelia burgdorferi through receptors of the innate immune system. | monocytic cells exposed to borrelia burgdorferi, through unknown receptors, overexpress the urokinase receptor (upar), a key mediator of the plasminogen activation system. we show that combined blockade of cd14 and tlr2 causes a significant inhibition of b. burgdorferi-induced upar in mono mac 6 (mm6) cells. other pattern recognition receptors tested (cd11b/cd18, the mannose receptor, and the n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor) did not have demonstrated roles in b. burgdorferi-medi ... | 2003 | 14500474 |
| seroprevalence of and risk factors for leptospiral antibodies among cattle in the state of yucatan, mexico. | sera obtained from cattle in the state of yucatan, mexico, were screened using the microscopic agglutination test against 13 serovars of leptospira interrogans. a total of 62.8% (461/734) cows were positive for one or more serovars. this seroprevalence probably reflects infection because vaccination against leptospirosis has not been practised in yucatan. the most common antibodies detected were those against antigens of serovars hardjo (54.1%) and tarassovi (53.3%). region was the only risk fac ... | 2003 | 14509536 |
| hantavirus infection in humans and rodents, northwestern argentina. | we initiated a study to elucidate the ecology and epidemiology of hantavirus infections in northern argentina. the northwestern hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps)-endemic area of argentina comprises salta and jujuy provinces. between 1997 and 2000, 30 hps cases were diagnosed in jujuy province (population 512,329). most patients had a mild clinical course, and the death rate (13.3%) was low. we performed a serologic and epidemiologic survey in residents of the area, in conjunction with a serolo ... | 2003 | 14519242 |
| prevalence of leptospira and brucella antibodies in wild boars (sus scrofa) in tuscany, italy. | five hundred sixty-two blood samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) shot in six districts of tuscany, central italy, between 1997 and 2000. sera were examined for antibodies specific for leptospira interrogans by microagglutination test and brucella spp. by the rose bengal test and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. thirty-four (6.0%) samples tested positive for anti-leptospira antibodies, 29 (5.1%) sera were positive for anti-l. interrogans serovar bratislava antibodies (t ... | 2003 | 14567237 |
| humoral immune response to infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses in argentina. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the exposure of bovine aborted fetuses from beef and dairy herds of the humid pampas of argentina to different infectious agents by the evaluation of fetal fluid antibodies. presence of fetal antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (bvdv-1), bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), leptospira interrogans, brucella abortus, and neospora caninum was determined. of the 95 fetuses processed, 66 came from 49 beef herds and 29 from 12 dairy herds. ... | 2003 | 14587376 |
| two paralogous families of a two-gene subtilisin operon are widely distributed in oral treponemes. | certain oral treponemes express a highly proteolytic phenotype and have been associated with periodontal diseases. the periodontal pathogen treponema denticola produces dentilisin, a serine protease of the subtilisin family. the two-gene operon prca-prtp is required for expression of active dentilisin (prtp), a putative lipoprotein attached to the treponeme's outer membrane or sheath. the purpose of this study was to examine the diversity and structure of treponemal subtilisin-like proteases in ... | 2003 | 14617650 |
| products transcribed from rearranged rrn genes of escherichia coli can assemble to form functional ribosomes. | to examine the flexibility of rrna operons with respect to fundamental organization, transcription, processing, and assembly of ribosomes, operon variations were introduced by a plasmid into an escherichia coli strain that has deletions of all chromosomal copies of rrna genes. in the reconstructed operons, a salmonella intervening sequence (ivs) from 23s helix 45 was introduced into the e. coli 23s gene at the same position. three different constructs of the e. coli 16s gene were then placed who ... | 2003 | 14617656 |
| leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. | in the past decade, leptospirosis has emerged as a globally important infectious disease. it occurs in urban environments of industrialised and developing countries, as well as in rural regions worldwide. mortality remains significant, related both to delays in diagnosis due to lack of infrastructure and adequate clinical suspicion, and to other poorly understood reasons that may include inherent pathogenicity of some leptospiral strains or genetically determined host immunopathological response ... | 2003 | 14652202 |
| new connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated rna decay system. | several prokaryotic plasmids maintain themselves in their hosts by means of diverse post-segregational cell killing systems. recent findings suggest that chromosomally encoded copies of toxins and antitoxins of post-segregational cell killing systems - such as the rele system - might function as regulatory switches under stress conditions. the rele toxin cleaves ribosome-associated transcripts, whereas another post-segregational cell killing toxin, pare, functions as a gyrase inhibitor. | 2003 | 14659018 |
| metabolic reconstruction of sulfur assimilation in the extremophile acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans based on genome analysis. | acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a gamma-proteobacterium that lives at ph2 and obtains energy by the oxidation of sulfur and iron. it is used in the biomining industry for the recovery of metals and is one of the causative agents of acid mine drainage. effective tools for the study of its genetics and physiology are not in widespread use and, despite considerable effort, an understanding of its unusual physiology remains at a rudimentary level. nearly complete genome sequences of a. ferrooxidan ... | 2003 | 14675496 |
| the spirochetal chpk-chromosomal toxin-antitoxin locus induces growth inhibition of yeast and mycobacteria. | toxin-antitoxin systems encoded by bacterial plasmids and chromosomes typically consist of a toxin that inhibits growth of the host cell and a specific antitoxin. in this report, the chpk gene from the chromosomal toxin-antitoxin locus of the spirochete leptospira interrogans was studied in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. cloning of the the spirochetal chpk gene into a mycobacterial expressing vector led to dramatic reductions of transformation efficiency in both mycobacterium smegmatis ... | 2003 | 14680711 |
| detection of leptospira interrogans. | 2003 | 12512365 | |
| low-stringency single specific primer pcr for identification of leptospira. | thirty-five leptospira serovars from the species leptospira interrogans, leptospira borgpetersenii, leptospira santarosai, leptospira kirschneri, leptospira weilii, leptospira biflexa and leptospira meyeri were characterized by the low-stringency single specific primer pcr (lssp-pcr) technique. lssp-pcr analysis was performed to detect dna polymorphisms in a 285 bp dna fragment amplified from genomic dna with g1 and g2 selected primers. similar lssp-pcr profiles were obtained for serovars from t ... | 2003 | 12543918 |
| novel observation of hot-cold-hot hemolysis exhibited by group b streptococci. | six human isolates of group b streptococci (gbs) were cultured on blood agar anaerobically at 37 degrees c for 18 h and then at 4 degrees c for 6 h and reincubated anaerobically at 37 degrees c for 6 h. three of the strains showed a marked enlargement of the hemolysis zone compared with that obtained after hot-only (37 degrees c for 18 h) or hot-cold (37 degrees c for 18 h and then 4 degrees c for 6 h) treatment. subsequent broth culture experiments revealed that enhanced hemolytic activity due ... | 2003 | 12574305 |
| evidence of leptospira interrogans infection in california sea lion pups from the gulf of california. | forty-two urine and 96 blood and serum samples were obtained from california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups from the gulf of california during the 2000 reproductive season. antibody prevalence to 13 serovars of leptospira interrogans was determined by microagglutination tests (mat); presence of pathogenic leptospires was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). samples with antibody titers > or = 1:25 or 115 bp fragments on ethidium bromidestained 1.5% agarose gels were considered po ... | 2003 | 12685078 |
| evidence of herpesvirus infection in woodland caribou in saskatchewan. | sera were collected from 40 female and two male woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in saskatchewan (canada) from march 1992 to january 1995, inclusive. the samples were examined for antibodies against smooth brucella spp., five serovars of leptospira interrogans, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1). twenty-two (52%) of 42 sera exhibited positive reactions to bhv-1 by a modified serum neutralization test, and the prevalence correlated positively with the age of ... | 2003 | 12685086 |
| lipl21 is a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein of pathogenic leptospira species. | leptospira is the etiologic agent of leptospirosis, a bacterial zoonosis distributed worldwide. leptospiral lipopolysaccharide is a protective immunogen, but the extensive serological diversity of leptospires has inspired a search for conserved outer membrane proteins (omps) that may stimulate heterologous immunity. previously, a global analysis of leptospiral omps (p. a. cullen, s. j. cordwell, d. m. bulach, d. a. haake, and b. adler, infect. immun. 70:2311-2318, 2002) identified pl21, a novel ... | 2003 | 12704111 |
| role of innate immune factors in the adjuvant activity of monophosphoryl lipid a. | monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) is a nontoxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide (lps) that exhibits adjuvant properties similar to those of the parent lps molecule. however, the mechanism by which mpl initiates its immunostimulatory properties remains unclear. due to the involvement of toll-like receptors in recognizing and transducing intracellular signals in response to lps, the aim of the present study was to determine the ability of mpl to utilize the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) and tlr4. we pro ... | 2003 | 12704121 |
| identification of a treponema pallidum laminin-binding protein. | host extracellular matrix (ecm) components represent ideal microbial adhesion targets that many pathogens use for colonization of tissues and initiation of infection. this study investigated the interaction of the spirochete treponema pallidum with the ecm component laminin. to identify candidate laminin-binding adhesins, the t. pallidum genome was analyzed to predict open reading frames that encode putative outer membrane proteins, as these proteins interact directly with host ecm components. s ... | 2003 | 12704124 |
| traf6-nf-kappab pathway is essential for interleukin-1-induced tlr2 expression and its functional response to tlr2 ligand in murine hepatocytes. | we have previously reported that the expressions of tlr2 and tlr4 mrna are differentially regulated in mouse liver and in the parenchymal cells. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of the up-regulatory effects of interleukin-1alpha (il-1alpha), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), lipopolysaccharide (lps), or bacterial lipoprotein (blp) on tlr2 mrna expression in primary cultured murine hepatocytes. although tlr2 mrna stability was not affected, these treatments enhanced nf- ... | 2003 | 12709026 |
| unique physiological and pathogenic features of leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. | leptospirosis is a widely spread disease of global concern. infection causes flu-like episodes with frequent severe renal and hepatic damage, such as haemorrhage and jaundice. in more severe cases, massive pulmonary haemorrhages, including fatal sudden haemoptysis, can occur. here we report the complete genomic sequence of a representative virulent serovar type strain (lai) of leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae consisting of a 4.33-megabase large chromosome and a 359-kilobase s ... | 2003 | 12712204 |
| leptospira in slaughtered fattening pigs in southern vietnam: presence of the bacteria in the kidneys and association with morphological findings. | one kidney was collected from each of 32 fattening pigs at an abattoir in southern vietnam in 2001 in order to demonstrate infecting leptospira serovar and to associate renal macro- and microscopic findings with the presence of renal leptospires. leptospires were demonstrated in 22 (69%) of the investigated kidneys by immunofluorescence. multifocal interstitial nephritis (mfin) and gross renal lesions (white spots) were each demonstrated in 24 (75%) kidneys. leptospira interrogans serovar bratis ... | 2003 | 12713897 |
| toll-like receptor-mediated tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-10 production differ during systemic inflammation. | major trauma is associated with a decreased capacity of patients' leukocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines on in vitro stimulation. we studied leukocytes from 48 patients with trauma and showed that this hyporeactivity was restricted to gram-negative bacteria, escherichia coli endotoxin, and unmethylated bacterial dna, whereas leptospira interrogans endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor production was similar to that observed with healthy donors. as well, tumor necrosis factor and inter ... | 2003 | 12738604 |
| distribution and organization of auxotrophic genes on the multichromosomal genome of burkholderia multivorans atcc 17616. | the burkholderia multivorans strain atcc 17616 carries three circular chromosomes with sizes of 3.4, 2.5, and 0.9 mb. to determine the distribution and organization of the amino acid biosynthetic genes on the genome of this beta-proteobacterium, various auxotrophic mutations were isolated using a tn5 derivative that was convenient not only for the determination of its insertion site on the genome map but also for the structural analysis of the flanking regions. analysis by pulsed-field gel elect ... | 2003 | 12754231 |
| lipopolysaccharide-mimetic activities of a toll-like receptor 2-stimulatory substance(s) in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide preparations. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) preparations are known to often contain substances which activate cells through toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), and it is suspected that bacterial lipoproteins are responsible for this activation. we compared the mode of action of the tlr2-stimulatory substances with that of a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide (tripalmitoyl-cys-ser-ser-asn-ala [pam(3)cssna]), as well as with that of peptidoglycan. six out of eight lps preparations tested induced nf-kappab-dependent reporter a ... | 2003 | 12761102 |
| the pros and cons of vaccinating the dog population against canine coronavirus and one of the serovars of leptospira interrogans. | 2003 | 15086088 | |
| sporangium-specific gene expression in the oomycete phytopathogen phytophthora infestans. | the oomycete genus phytophthora includes many of the world's most destructive plant pathogens, which are generally disseminated by asexual sporangia. to identify factors relevant to the biology of these propagules, genes induced in sporangia of the potato late blight pathogen phytophthora infestans were isolated using cdna macroarrays. of approximately 1,900 genes known to be expressed in sporangia, 61 were up-regulated >5-fold in sporangia versus hyphae based on the arrays, including 17 that we ... | 2003 | 14665470 |
| identification and characterization of phytoplasmal genes, employing a novel method of isolating phytoplasmal genomic dna. | phytoplasmas are unculturable, insect-transmissible plant pathogens belonging to the class mollicutes. to be transmitted, the phytoplasmas replicate in the insect body and are delivered to the insect's salivary glands, from where they are injected into the recipient plant. because phytoplasmas cannot be cultured, any attempt to recover phytoplasmal dna from infected plants or insects has resulted in preparations with a large background of host dna. thus, studies of the phytoplasmal genome have b ... | 2003 | 14594823 |
| sensing microbes by diverse hosts. workshop on pattern recognition proteins and receptors. | 2003 | 14502224 | |
| pathogenesis of sepsis: new concepts and implications for future treatment. | 2003 | 12560281 | |
| bugging the bugs. genomics and proteomics may provide new ways of making the lives of bacteria more miserable. | 2003 | 12671675 | |
| arabidopsis genes encoding mitochondrial type ii nad(p)h dehydrogenases have different evolutionary origin and show distinct responses to light. | in addition to proton-pumping complex i, plant mitochondria contain several type ii nad(p)h dehydrogenases in the electron transport chain. the extra enzymes allow the nonenergy-conserving electron transfer from cytoplasmic and matrix nad(p)h to ubiquinone. we have investigated the type ii nad(p)h dehydrogenase gene families in arabidopsis. this model plant contains two and four genes closely related to potato (solanum tuberosum) genes nda1 and ndb1, respectively. a novel homolog, termed ndc1, w ... | 2003 | 12972666 |
| receptors, mediators, and mechanisms involved in bacterial sepsis and septic shock. | bacterial sepsis and septic shock result from the overproduction of inflammatory mediators as a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with bacteria and bacterial wall constituents in the body. bacterial cell wall constituents such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid are particularly responsible for the deleterious effects of bacteria. these constituents interact in the body with a large number of proteins and receptors, and this interaction determines the e ... | 2003 | 12857774 |
| toll receptors: a central element in innate immune responses. | 2002 | 11854180 | |
| leptospirosis, water sports, and chemoprophylaxis. | recreational activities, such as water sports and adventure travel, are emerging as an important risk factor for leptospirosis, a potentially fatal zoonosis. we report the clinical course of 2 patients who acquired leptospirosis through participation in water sports. physicians caring for patients who participate in adventure travel involving water sports should be familiar with the risk factors for and diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of leptospirosis. | 2002 | 11941571 |
| potential benefit of plasma exchange in treatment of severe icteric leptospirosis complicated by acute renal failure. | leptospirosis is a common zoonosis seen worldwide, but it is rare in our locality (hong kong). clinical manifestations of leptospirosis are variable and may range from subclinical infection to fever, jaundice, hemorrhagic tendency, and fulminant hepato-renal failure. severe hyperbilirubinemia and acute renal failure have been associated with high mortality. we report our experience with a patient who developed severe weil's syndrome with marked conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and oliguric acute re ... | 2002 | 11874897 |
| [growth, virulence and antigenecity of leptospira interrogans serovar mozdok in modified emjh medium]. | the effect of higher tween 80 concentrations in emjh synthetic medium on the growth, virulence and antigenecity of leptospira interrogans serovar mozdok was evaluated for increasing the performances and making a full use of the detoxifying capacity of bovine serum albumin. the growth was spectrophotographically evaluated by the analysis of the bacterial growth kinetics; the obtained biomass performance and the consumption of the carbon source. the virulence was estimated in syrian hamster model ... | 2002 | 15846938 |
| [construction of dna vaccine including a chimeric gene encoding flagellin and outer membrane protein antigen from leptospira interrogons serovar lai]. | to construct a fusion expression vector for dna vaccine, including a flagellin gene (flab2) and an outer membrane protein gene (ompl1) to enhance the protective immunity of leptospira interrogans serova lai (stain 017). | 2002 | 12575175 |
| identification and comparative analysis of the chloroplast alpha-subunit gene of dna-dependent rna polymerase from seven euglena species. | when the sequence of the euglena gracilis chloroplast genome was reported in 1993 the alpha-subunit gene (rpoa) of rna polymerase appeared to be missing, based on a comparison of all putative reading frames to the then known rpoa loci. since there has been a large increase in known rpoa sequences, the question of a euglena chloroplast rpoa gene was re-examined. a previously described unknown reading frame of 161 codons was found to be part of an rpoa gene split by a single group iii intron. this ... | 2002 | 11861918 |