Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| stable expression of a foreign gene, delivered by gene gun, in the muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the efficient delivery of a foreign gene into muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with a gene gun. the foreign gene was a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). two cat-containing plasmids were used: pcmv-cat, which contains cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, and psv2-cat, which contains the simian virus 40 early promoter. all plasmids were introduced by particle bombardment using a gene gun. during the 90-day sampling period following bombardment, cat w ... | 2000 | 10852804 |
| inhibition of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor activity by cadmium. | this study was conducted to determine if the cadmium-mediated inhibition of vitellogenesis observed in fish collected from contaminated areas or undergoing experimental exposure to cadmium correlated with modification in the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. a recombinant yeast system expressing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estradiol receptor or human estradiol receptor was used to evaluate the direct effect of cadmium exposure on estradiol receptor transcriptional activi ... | 2000 | 10859267 |
| expression of clock gene in the brain of rainbow trout: comparison with the distribution of melatonin receptors. | to identify brain structures potentially acting as biological clocks in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the expression sites of a trout homolog of the mouse clock gene were studied and compared with that of melatonin receptors (mel-r). for this purpose, a partial sequence of the trout clock gene, including a pas domain, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and used to perform in situ hybridization. the highest density of clock transcripts was observed in the periv ... | 2000 | 10861529 |
| recombinant prolactin receptor extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): subcloning, preparation, and characterization. | the cdna of the extracellular domain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) prolactin receptor (trprlr-ecd) was cloned in the prokaryotic expression vector pmon to enable its expression in escherichia coli after induction with nalidixic acid. the bacterially expressed trprlr-ecd protein, contained within the refractile body pellet, was solubilized in 4.5 m urea, refolded, and purified on a q-sepharose column, ph 8, by stepwise elution with nacl. the bioactive monomeric 26-kda fraction was eluted ... | 2000 | 10890569 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c: expression in escherichia coli and properties of the recombinant protease inhibitor. | cystatins are a superfamily of low ki cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in both plants and animals. cystatin c, a secreted molecule of this family, is of interest from biochemical and evolutionary points of view, and also has biotechnological applications. recently we cloned and sequenced the cdna for rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c [li et al., 1998. molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression distribution of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cystatin c. comp. biochem ... | 2000 | 10904862 |
| genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity. | vitellogenins (vtg) are the major yolk proteins in most oviparous organisms. they are encoded by a small number of genes--between one and four depending on the species. characterization of the vtg region in the genome of the rainbow trout reveals unusual features, however, in that this locus contains twenty complete genes and ten pseudogenes per haploid genome. the vtg genes differ from each other by insertion, deletion and rearrangement events, although, at the sequence level, they show a high ... | 2000 | 10905350 |
| isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to discriminate between differently contaminated small river systems. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to native waters and acetone sediment extracts of krähenbach and körsch, two small rivers in south-west germany with different levels of chemical contamination, and were investigated by means of electron microscopic and enzyme biochemical techniques to evaluate sublethal cytotoxic effects. between both rivers as well as between free water phase and sediment, significant differences in the toxic burden could be detected. res ... | 2000 | 10906443 |
| myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions. | from early april into mid-june 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. following incubation in a m. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. a grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. percentage ... | 2000 | 10907859 |
| trichodinid ciliates (peritrichia: trichodinidae) from the bay of kiel, with description of trichodina claviformis sp. n. | investigations on the epizoic fauna of gadus morhua (l.), platichthys flesus (l.) and oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) from the kiel fjord and kiel bight were carried out from september 1996 to march 1997. smears from 120 g. morhua and 92 p. flesus caught using fish traps and trammel nets, and of 35 o. mykiss obtained from a local fish farm in the kiel fjord revealed the presence of three species of trichodinid ciliates, trichodina claviformiis sp. n., trichodina jadranica haider, 1964 and trichodi ... | 2000 | 10945730 |
| four species of digeneans, including allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae), from freshwater fishes of patagonia, argentina. | four species of adult digeneans are reported from freshwater fishes of two lakes in neuquén, patagonia, argentina. allocreadium patagonicum sp. n. (allocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of percichthys colhuapiensis macdonagh and percichthys trucha (cuvier et valenciennes) (percichthyidae) from lago aluminé. three species redescribed are: acanthostomoides apophalliformis szidat, 1956 (acanthostomidae) from the intestine of p. colhuapiensis and p. trucha from lago aluminé and of salmo tr ... | 2000 | 10945735 |
| effect of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. | the oxidative activity of rainbow trout phagocytes was studied using a chemiluminescence technique using 12 different flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites. phagocytes were obtained from the head kidney of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the addition of viable f. psychrophilum or their metabolites to the phagocytes resulted in an immediate chemiluminescence response. the stimulating effects of both the f. psychrophilum and their metabolites on the phagocytes were found to ... | 2000 | 10950179 |
| morphological and functional development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. | the development of the thyroid tissue in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos between 20 and 88 days postfertilization (dpf) was studied using traditional histological methods in combination with immunostaining using antibodies raised against l-thyroxine (t4) and triiodo-l-thyronine (t3). in 20 dpf embryos, the thyroid primordium appeared as a simple tube aligned with the dorsal surface of the ventral aorta. the tubular primordium becomes progressively bifurcated at each end and follicles ... | 2000 | 10955719 |
| molecular detection of an ehrlichia-like agent in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from northern california. | ehrlichia dna was identified by nested pcr in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) collected from a creek in northern california where potomac horse fever is endemic. ehrlichia dna was found in tissues from several organs including the gills, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and intestine of trout and from three different adult digenetic trematodes (deropegus sp., crepidostomum sp., creptotrema sp.) parasitizing the gallbladder and/or the intestine of the trout. sequencing of pcr-amplified dna from ... | 2000 | 10962157 |
| apolipoprotein cii from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is functionally active but structurally very different from mammalian apolipoprotein cii. | apolipoprotein cii (apocii) plays an important role in plasma lipid metabolism as an activator for lipoprotein lipase (lpl). we have amplified and sequenced apocii cdna from rainbow trout. amino acid sequence analyses confirmed that this sequence corresponded to the protein that had apocii activity. northern blot analyses showed that apocii mrna was present in both liver and intestine, but the level in intestine was very low. two major transcripts (800 and 600bp) were found. the predicted amino ... | 2000 | 10974550 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-mediated control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the aim of the present investigation was to assess the relative contributions of cholinergic (acetylcholine) and non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) neurotransmitters in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue lining the posterior cardinal vein of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated th ... | 2000 | 10974664 |
| dmrt1 expression during gonadal differentiation and spermatogenesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | dmrt1 has been suggested to be the first conserved gene involved in sex differentiation found from invertebrates to human. to gain insight on its implication for fish gonadal differentiation, we cloned a dmrt1 homologue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (rtdmrt1), and showed that this gene is expressed during testicular differentiation, but not during ovarian differentiation. after 10 days of steroid treatment, expression was shown to be decreased in estrogen-treated male differentiating ... | 2000 | 10978520 |
| increased potential for nad(p)h-dependent reactive oxygen species production of hepatic subcellular fractions of fish species with in vivo exposure to contaminants. | the present study investigated the proposed involvement of contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ros) production in disease processes in fish. nad(p)h-dependent ros production of subcellular fractions was determined by the iron/edta-mediated oxidation of 2-keto-4-methiolbutyric acid. hepatic cytosolic nadph-dependent and microsomal nad(p)h-dependent ros production were increased 51-160% (p < 0.05) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) 15 weeks after a single i.p. injection of polychlo ... | 2000 | 11460751 |
| mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated renibacterium salmoninarum strains. | an isolate of renibacterium salmoninarum (strain mt 239) exhibiting reduced virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was tested for its ability to cause bacterial kidney disease (bkd) in chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a salmonid species more susceptible to bkd. juvenile chinook salmon were exposed to either 33209, the american type culture collection type strain of r. salmoninarum, or to mt 239, by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(6) bacteria fish(-1), or by a ... | 2000 | 11206735 |
| vibrio anguillarum resistance to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum: role of o-antigen structure of lipopolysaccharide. | the sensitivity of vibrio anguillarum to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum was investigated with different strains of serogroups o1 and o2a, which are the most frequently found serogroups in clinical outbreaks of vibriosis. all of the v. anguillarum strains were able to activate complement in rainbow trout serum, but smooth strains of v. anguillarum serogroup o1 were resistant to complement-mediated killing in the absence of specific antibodies. in the case of v. anguillarum serogro ... | 1999 | 9864229 |
| truncated particles produced in fish surviving infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus infection: mediators of persistence? | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is a rhabdovirus that produces an acute, lethal infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). fish that survive infection cease to produce detectable infectious virus at approximately 46 days after infection, yet there is evidence that survivor fish continue to harbor virus particles (b. s. drolet, p. p. chiou, j. heidel, and j. c. leong, j. virol. 69:2140-2147, 1995). in an effort to determine the biological function of these particles, the kid ... | 1999 | 9847400 |
| sources of listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cold-smoked rainbow trout processing plant detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing. | sites of listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cold-smoked rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) processing plant were detected by sampling the production line, environment, and fish at different production stages. two lots were monitored. the frequency of raw fish samples containing l. monocytogenes was low. during processing, the frequency of fish contaminated with l. monocytogenes clearly rose after brining, and the most contaminated sites of the processing plant were the brining and postbr ... | 1999 | 9872773 |
| expression of salmon corticotropin-releasing hormone precursor gene in the preoptic nucleus in stressed rainbow trout. | the behavior of genes encoding the corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) precursor in response to stress has not been extensively studied in teleosts. to clarify this problem, crh cdnas were isolated from a hypothalamic cdna library of sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka, by screening with pcr products amplified from the hypothalamic mrna with primers deduced from the sequence of the sucker crh precursor. two types of pcr products with a high degree of sequence homology were identified (crh-i and ... | 1999 | 9882547 |
| does gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase contribute to carbon dioxide excretion: a comparison between dogfish (squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. this was accomplished by assessing ph changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. in dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequilibrium as indicated by a pronounced acidification (delta ph=-0.11+/-0.01; n=22; mean +/- s.e.m.) during ... | 1999 | 10021328 |
| glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in neurons and pituitary cells implicated in reproductive functions in rainbow trout: a double immunohistochemical study. | in order to identify the nature of the glucocorticoid receptor (gr)-expressing neurons and pituitary cells that potentially mediate the negative effects of stress on reproductive performance, double immunohistochemical stainings were performed in the brain and pituitary of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to avoid possible cross-reactions during the double staining studies, combinations of primary antibodies raised in different species were used, and we report here the generation of an a ... | 1999 | 10026111 |
| enhancement of phagocytic and chemokinetic activities of rainbow trout head kidney cells by c-reactive protein. | to investigate immunostimulating activity of purified rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) c-reactive protein (crp) on trout phagocytic cells. | 1999 | 10048559 |
| naked dna vaccination of atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. | a naked plasmid dna encoding the glycoprotein (pcmv4-g) of a 1976 isolate of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) obtained from steelhead oncorhynchus mykiss was used to vaccinate atlantic salmon salmo salar against ihnv. eight weeks post-vaccination the fish were challenged with a strain of ihnv originally isolated from farmed atlantic salmon undergoing an epizootic. fish injected with the glycoprotein-encoding plasmid were significantly (p < 0.05) protected against ihnv by both immer ... | 1999 | 10686669 |
| effect of astaxanthin rich red yeast (phaffia rhodozyma) on oxidative stress in rainbow trout. | the antioxidative biological effect of dietary red yeast, phaffia rhodozyma, which is rich in astaxanthin, on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was examined. the levels of serum transaminase (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) activities and of lipid peroxides (lpo) of fish fed oxidized oil were significantly higher than those of the control fish fed non-oxidized oil. however, the supply of red yeast considerably decreased both enzyme activities and lpo level. ... | 1999 | 9878705 |
| evaluation of the protective immunogenicity of the n, p, m, nv and g proteins of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss using dna vaccines. | the protective immunogenicity of the nucleoprotein (n), phosphoprotein (p), matrix protein (m), non-virion protein (nv) and glycoprotein (g) of the rhabdovirus infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was assessed in rainbow trout using dna vaccine technology. dna vaccines were produced by amplifying and cloning the viral genes in the plasmid pcdna 3.1. the protective immunity elicited by each vaccine was evaluated through survival of immunized fry after challenge with live virus. neutrali ... | 1999 | 11407402 |
| effect of prostanoids and their precursors on the aggregation of rainbow trout thrombocytes. | the role of prostanoids and their precursor fatty acids in the aggregatory response of thrombocytes (platelet equivalents of fish) from the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was studied. aggregation of these cells was induced by the thromboxane mimetic u-46619 or arachidonic acid (aa) in the presence of human or trout fibrinogen. the production of txb2/3 by thrombocytes in response to stimulation with aa was inhibited by aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin. however, thrombocyte aggregation in ... | 1999 | 10070125 |
| whirling disease: host specificity and interaction between the actinosporean stage of myxobolus cerebralis and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | scanning electron microscopic studies were conducted on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the first 60 min after their exposure to the triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis. the results demonstrated that as early as 1 min post exposure the whole process, from the attachment of the triactinomyxon spores to the complete penetration of their sporoplasm germs, had occurred. the triactinomyxon spores sought out the secretory openings of mucous cells of the epidermis, the respiratory epithe ... | 1999 | 10073310 |
| rainbow trout leucocyte activity: influence on the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini. | the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was exposed in vitro to macrophages isolated as peritoneal exudate cells or as pronephros cells from the host. cells colonized the parasite especially in the mannose-rich regions in the cephalic ducts where ciliated structures were abundant. opsonization with fresh serum, in contrast to heat-inactivated serum, enhanced colonization also on other body parts. the adverse effect of the activated macrophages t ... | 1999 | 10073311 |
| [detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. diagnostic validation]. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) is a fish pathogen that attacks rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) farming. the only diagnostic method recognised by the european community for vhs is based on the detection of the viral agent in cell culture followed by an immunological identification of the pathogen. reverse transcription followed by a double amplification of the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the gene encoding the viral glycoprotein g is proposed here as an alternative meth ... | 1999 | 10081112 |
| peroxide-inducible catalase in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida protects against exogenous hydrogen peroxide and killing by activated rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss l., macrophages. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida expresses a single cytoplasmically located catalase which was found to be inducible by exposure to 20 microm hydrogen peroxide in mid-exponential phase resulting in a 4 fold increase in activity. subsequent exposure to 2 mm peroxide in late-exponential/early-stationary phase resulted in further induction of catalase activity which increased to 20 fold higher levels than those found in uninduced cultures. exponentially induced cultures were protected again ... | 1999 | 10089155 |
| further observations on the epidemiology and spread of epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in southeastern australia and a recommended sampling strategy for surveillance. | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is an iridovirus confined to australia and is known only from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and redfin perch perca fluviatilis. outbreaks of disease caused by ehnv in trout populations have invariably been of low severity, affecting only 0+ post-hatchery phase fingerlings < 125 mm in length. to date the virus has been demonstrated in very few live in-contact fish, and anti-ehnv antibodies have not been found in survivors of outbreaks, suggesting ... | 1999 | 10092975 |
| characterization of ootolith soluble-matrix producing cells in the saccular epithelium of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inner ear. | although the organic matrix may play an important role in the growth of teleost otoliths, cellular contributions to the production of the organic matrix have been studied in only a small number of teleost species with limited methods, and are still poorly understood. in order to characterize saccular epithelial cells which produce otolith matrix, antiserum was raised against an edta-soluble fraction of otolith matrix (otolith soluble-matrix, osm) of the rainbow trout. the components in the osm a ... | 1999 | 10096663 |
| effect of florfenicol on the immune response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | florfenicol, a drug effective against several bacterial diseases of fish, was tested for possible immunomodulatory effects. the aim of the study was to follow the kinetics of the immune response after vaccination with simultaneous oral antibiotic treatment. the fish were immunised with a commercial oil-based divalent (furunculosis/vibriosis) vaccine and were simultaneously given oral antibiotic treatment. the specific immune response was monitored by analysing the levels of specific antibodies w ... | 1999 | 10206200 |
| histopathological and electron microscopical observations on rainbow trout fry syndrome. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fry and fingerlings with clinical signs of rainbow trout fry syndrome, and rainbow trout (0.5 to 3.5 g) with experimentally induced infections with flavobacterium psychrophilum, were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically. severe hypertrophy of the spleen and cellular degeneration were consistently observed. distinctive features of the disease were the loss of definition of the splenic border and its replacement by a loosely structured eosin ... | 1999 | 10209816 |
| expression of an inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | using oligonucleotide primers based on mammalian nitric oxide synthases (nos), expression of an inducible nos (inos) gene was detected in head kidney and gill tissue of bacterially-challenged rainbow trout. three overlapping fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and used to construct a contiguous sequence of 1410bp, with high nucleotide homology to inos in birds (61%) and mammals (57-59%). the nucleotide sequence translated in one reading frame to produce a partial peptide containing 470 amino acid ... | 1999 | 10220070 |
| fish macrophages express a cyclo-oxygenase-2 homologue after activation. | in mammals, the increased generation of prostaglandins (pg) during the onset of inflammatory responses and activation of immune cell types has been attributed to the induction of a novel cyclo-oxygenase (cox) isoform, termed cox-2, which is distinct from the well-characterized constitutive activity (cox-1). goldfish (carassius auratus) macrophages exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and leucocyte-derived macrophage-activating factor(s) showed a significant increase in the generation of the m ... | 1999 | 10229670 |
| fatty acid composition of 19 species of fish from the black sea and the marmara sea. | evidence suggests that differences in fatty acid composition among various fish species may be due to differences in diet or to environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, and depth at which the fish are caught. the beneficial effects of a diet containing fish on cardiovascular or other diseases have been associated with their high content of eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids. in this study we analyzed the fatty acid composition of the flesh of 18 different ... | 1999 | 10230724 |
| cloning of two chemokine receptor homologs (cxc-r4 and cc-r7) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | two rainbow trout chemokine receptors have been sequenced, with homology to cxc-r4 and cc-r7 molecules. the cxc-r4 sequence consisted of 1681 nucleotides, which translated into a mature protein of 357 amino acids, with 80.7% similarity to human cxc-r4. the cc-r7 sequence consisted of 2287 nucleotides, which translated into a 368-amino acid mature protein with 64.5% similarity to human cc-r7. both sequences contained seven hydrophobic regions, representing the seven transmembrane domains (tm) typ ... | 1999 | 10331499 |
| immunogenicity of a recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus glycoprotein produced in insect cells. | a recombinant infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) glycoprotein (g protein), produced in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells following infection with a baculovirus vector containing the full-length (1.6 kb) glycoprotein gene, provided very limited protection in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss challenged with ihnv. fish were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with sf9 cells grown at 20 degrees c (recglow) or 27 degrees c (recghigh) expressing the glycoprotein gene. various antigen (ag) p ... | 1999 | 10349553 |
| a divergent non-classical class i gene conserved in salmonids. | complementary dna for two class i genes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were characterized. mhconmy-uba*01 is similar to onmy-uac32 and the classical major histocompatibility complex class i genes of other fish species, whereas onmy-uaa*01 is divergent from all class i genes so far characterized. onmy-uaa*01 is expressed at lower levels than onmy-uba*01. although onmy-uaa*01 exhibits restriction fragment length polymorphism on southern blotting, the encoded protein is highly conserved ... | 1999 | 10380691 |
| recombinant e-peptides of pro-igf-i have mitogenic activity. | in mammals, the post-translational proteolytic modification of many pro-hormones generates multiple peptides with similar or distinct biological activities. the production of mature insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) involves the cleavage of an e-peptide from pro-igf-i. although the igf-i e-peptides are conserved among vertebrate species, their fate and biological roles have not been identified. to test whether the e-peptides possess any biological activity, three recombinant e-peptides of pro ... | 1999 | 10385437 |
| expression, linkage, and polymorphism of mhc-related genes in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the architecture of the mhc in teleost fish, which display a lack of linkage between class i and ii genes, differs from all other vertebrates. because rainbow trout have been examined for a variety of immunologically relevant genes, they present a good teleost model for examining both the expression and organization of mhc-related genes. full-length cdna and partial gdna clones for proteasome delta, low molecular mass polypeptide (lmp) 2, tap1, tap2a, tap2b, class ia, and class iib were isolated ... | 1999 | 10395670 |
| reproducible methods for experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | experiments were done in order to achieve a reproducible method that can be used to infect rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causal agent of coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome. the main method investigated was intraperitoneal injection, and this method was tested using isolates with different elastin-degrading profiles and representing different serotypes. injecting trout, average weight 1 g, with 10(4) cfu (colony-forming units) per fish caus ... | 1999 | 10401582 |
| lactococcus garvieae and streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different diseases. | clinical and macroscopic findings (anorexia, lethargy, loss of orientation and exophthalmia) indicate that streptococcus iniae and lactococcus garvieae infections of trout share some common features, but histopathology reveals notable differences between the 2 diseases. meningitis and panophthalmitis are the main lesions among s. iniae infected trout, whereas l. garvieae infection results in a hyperacute systemic disease. differences in the ld50s of the 2 pathogens and the sudden onset of signs ... | 1999 | 10401588 |
| comparison of 18s and its-1 rdna sequences of selected geographic isolates of myxobolus cerebralis. | myxobolus cerebralis, the myxosporean parasite-causing salmonid whirling disease, was first reported among rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in germany in 1903. the parasite was reported for the first time in north america in 1958 among hatchery-reared trout in the eastern usa, presumably arriving with frozen trout shipments from europe. a comparison of 18s and its-1 ribosomal dna sequences was conducted to identify potential strain differences between selected geographic isolates of this para ... | 1999 | 10404274 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) urotensin-i: structural differences between urotensins-i and urocortins. | in bony fishes, both corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) and urotensin-i play a role in the regulation of interrenal glucocorticoid release. the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, is a useful model for understanding the mechanisms of stress and the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis because of its phylogenetic position at the base of the euteleostei and its popularity as a food fish. urotensin-i may act as a glucocorticoid releaser in a mechanism phylogenetically older than that of crf. the ... | 1999 | 10417230 |
| molecular cloning of interleukin 1beta from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss reveals no evidence of an ice cut site. | the complete coding sequence of rainbow trout il-1beta has been obtained. the gene contains a short 5' utr (97 bp), a 780 bp open reading frame and a 466 bp 3' utr, which includes a polyadenylation signal, 7 attta motifs and an 18 bp poly a tail. the predicted amino acid sequence (260 amino acids) contains 3 potential glycosylation sites, with a predicted molecular weight of 29 kda, and shows between 49 and 56% amino acid similarity to mammalian il-1betas and 57% similarity to carp il-1beta. gre ... | 1999 | 10433801 |
| localization of the n-methyl-d-aspartate r1 receptor in the pituitary gland of immature rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a study was conducted on the selective immunostaining of pituitary cells and pars nervosa of immature rainbow trout by antibody raised against the r1 subunit of the rat ionotropic n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor. in the pars distalis, the mammotrophs of the rostral pars distalis exhibited the most marked imunoreactivity, with the somatotrophs of the proximal pars distalis showing a consistently lower degree of immunoreactivity. no imunoreactivity was associated with the corticotrophs, thyro ... | 1999 | 10458026 |
| increase of metallothionein-immunopositive chloride cells in the gills of brown trout and rainbow trout after exposure to sewage treatment plant effluents. | metallothionein, a biomarker of exposure and toxicity of heavy metals, has been detected in the gills of brown trout (salmo trutta fario l.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss richardson) by means of immunohistochemistry. a very prominent labelling of chloride cells was found after exposure to diluted sewage plant effluents. no significant increase was observed in either the number of labelled cells or their labelling intensity after exposure to water of a polluted river compared to fish kep ... | 1999 | 10462220 |
| effect of t(3) treatment and food ration on hepatic deiodination and conjugation of thyroid hormones in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the 7-day effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)) hyperthyroidism (induced by 12 ppm t(3) in food) and food ration (0, 0.5, or 2% body weight/day) on in vitro hepatic glucuronidation, sulfation, and deiodination of thyroxine (t(4)), t(3), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)). t(3) treatment doubled plasma t(3) with no change in plasma t(4), depressed hepatic low-k(m) (1 nm) outer-ring deiodination (ord) of t(4), induced low-k(m) (1 nm) inner-ring deiodination (ird) of both t(4) and ... | 1999 | 10480989 |
| deiodination and deconjugation of thyroid hormone conjugates and type i deiodination in liver of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied the hepatic in vitro deconjugation and deiodination of glucuronide (g) and sulfate (s) conjugates of the thyroid hormones (th) thyroxine (t(4)), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (t(3)), and 3,3', 5'-triiodothyronine (rt(3)) in trout. these conversions have not been studied in nonmammals. deconjugation of t(4)g, t(3)g, rt(3)g, or rt(3)s was negligible in all subcellular fractions. some t(4)s desulfation occurred but t(3)s was desulfated to the greatest extent by freshly isolated hepatocytes and ... | 1999 | 10480990 |
| nodular gill disease (amoebic gill infestation) in arctic char, salvelinus alpinus. | two groups of arctic char (salvelinus alpinus) and one of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) from a commercial fish farm in eastern canada were found to have mixed infection of the gills with flavobacterium branchiophilum (the causative agent of bacterial gill disease (bgd) and amoebae similar to those responsible for nodular gill disease (ngd). the diagnoses were confirmed by immunofluorescence antibody testing and transmission electron microscopy. the gill lesions were typical for a mixed bgd ... | 1999 | 10486164 |
| a comparative study of antioxidant enzyme activities in freshwater and seawater-adapted rainbow trout. | comparative studies were performed on the antioxidant enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (tbars) concentration in liver and red cells of two groups of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the fish of the first group were cultured in freshwater and the others were adapted to sea-water by by being transferred from freshwater at 5-6 months of age. catalase (cat), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities were significantly higher in hepat ... | 1999 | 10487421 |
| rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as a model for aromatase inhibition. | the feasibility of utilizing rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, as an alternative model for studying the inhibition of aromatase (cyp 19) was investigated. the suppression of estrogen-dependent tumors by aromatase inhibitors has been important in the treatment of breast cancer. estrogens, estrogen precursors and xenoestrogens have been found to promote liver cancer in the trout model. a steroid, 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-oha), and non-steroids, aminoglutethimide (ag) and letrozole (c ... | 1999 | 10529006 |
| induction, characterisation and pathogenicity in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) of lactococcus garvieae l-forms. | difficulties with induction and cultivation of l-forms, particularly those derived from gram positive parent cells, have constrained to some degree the ability to evaluate the pathogenicity of these morphotypes. induction of l-forms of lactococcus garvieae was undertaken using either charcoal or inactivated horse serum media supplemented with ampicillin, benzylpenicillin or erythromycin, the drug of choice for treatment of infections in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, (walbaum), and nacl as ... | 1999 | 10535774 |
| routes of entry of piscirickettsia salmonis in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | since 1989, piscirickettsia salmonis, the causal agent of piscirickettsiosis, has killed millions of farmed salmonids each year in southern chile. the portal of entry for the pathogen was investigated by use of selected experimental infections in juvenile rainbow trout (12 g). the methods used were intraperitoneal injection, subcutaneous injection, patch contact on skin, patch contact on gills, intestinal intubation and gastric intubation. cumulative mortalities at day 33 post-inoculation were 9 ... | 1999 | 10546046 |
| comparative susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease. | the susceptibility of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta to myxobolus cerebralis, the cause of salmonid whirling disease, was assessed following dosed exposures to the infectious stages (triactinomyxons). parallel groups of age-matched brown trout and rainbow trout were exposed to 10, 100, 1000 or 10,000 triactinomyxons per fish for 2 h and then placed in aquaria receiving single pass 15 degrees c well water. severity of infection was evaluated by presence of clinical ... | 1999 | 10546047 |
| regulatory regions in the promoter and third intron of the growth hormone gene in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum. | the mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) growth hormone (tgh) gene have been investigated. transient transfection assays, using deletion mutants of the tgh promoter, demonstrated that the -226/+24 5'-flanking region, bearing three binding sites for the pituitary-specific transcription factor ghf1/pit1 and a camp-response element, is necessary and sufficient to confer strong tissue-specific and camp-stimulated expression to a luciferase ... | 1999 | 10562456 |
| nonisotopic detection of loma salmonae (microspora) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gills by in situ hybridization. | loma salmonae, a microsporidian parasite of salmonids of the genus oncorhynchus, is a significant cause of economic loss in pen-reared chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). final stages of l. salmonae infections are easily recognized by the xenomas that form in the gills during sporogony. however, early prexenoma stages of infection (3 weeks or less after infection) are difficult to detect on histologic slides. an l. salmonae-specific single-stranded dna probe labeled with digoxigenin was used to de ... | 1999 | 10568444 |
| bacterial microflora of wild brown trout (salmo trutta), wild pike (esox lucius), and aquacultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | initial numbers of bacteria associated with wild (brown trout and pike) and cultured (rainbow trout) freshwater fish as well as with the water in which they were caught were determined. subsequently, a total of 979 randomly selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level. for all counts performed (aerobes, psychrotrophs, anaerobes, enterobacteriaceae, and enterococci), no significant differences were observed in water samples, the highest level corresponding to psychrotrop ... | 1999 | 10571316 |
| immunolocalisation of nhe3-like immunoreactivity in the gills of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the blue-throated wrasse (pseudolabrus tetrious). | na+/h+ exchange has been implicated in models of ion transport across the branchial epithelium of marine and freshwater fishes. in this preliminary study, we present immunohistochemical data using a polyclonal antibody raised against nhe3 which show nhe3-like immunoreactivity (ir) in the gills from a freshwater and a marine teleost species. in both species, branchial epithelial cells demonstrating nhe3-like ir were localised predominantly to the junction between the filament and the secondary la ... | 1999 | 10580862 |
| efflux of t4 from the in situ perfused liver of rainbow trout: effect of t4, dithiothreitol and cysteine in the perfusate. | a cortland saline-perfused rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver model was used to study aspects of t4 efflux from the intact organ system. there was a consistent efflux of t4 in the absence of t4 in the perfusate, and the t4 efflux was increased in the presence of t4 in the perfusate, but the efflux was not t4-dose dependent. the addition of the thiol-containing compound dithiothreitol (dtt, 2 mm) to the perfusate had no significant effect on the flux of t4 from the liver, whereas the addit ... | 1999 | 10584300 |
| production of the 57 kda major surface antigen by a non-agglutinating strain of the fish pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | the major surface antigen of renibacterium salmoninarum, p57, is associated with cell autoagglutination and implicated as a virulence factor in fish infections. an autoagglutinating strain, jd24, caused 92% mortality when 2 x 10(7) cells were injected intraperitoneally into rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, while a non-agglutinating strain, mt 239, produced only 7% mortality after 100 d. the p57 antigen was present in the supernates of broth cultures of both strains when examined by western imm ... | 1999 | 10590925 |
| transfer of growth hormone (gh) transgenes into arctic charr. (salvelinus alpinus l.) i. growth response to various gh constructs. | four constructs containing salmonid growth hormone (gh) genes were transferred to arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.). cytomegalovirus (cmv) and piscine metallothionein b (onmt) and histone 3 (onh3) promoters connected to sockeye salmon growth hormone 1 gene (ongh1) were used for ectopic expression, and atlantic salmon growth hormone 2 gene with 5'flanking region (ssgh2) was tested for pituitary-specific expression. charr carrying the ongh1 constructs showed a dramatic increase in growth rate. ... | 1999 | 10596746 |
| purification, structural characterization, and myotropic activity of endothelin from trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | endothelin (et) from a nontetrapod species has never been characterized, either structurally or biologically. a single molecular form of trout et with 21-amino-acid residues was isolated in pure form from an extract of the kidney of the steelhead trout, oncorhynchus mykiss and its primary structure established as cys-ser-cys-ala-thr-phe-leu-asp-lys-glu10-cys-val-tyr-phe-cys-his- l eu-asp-ile-ile20-trp. this amino acid sequence shows only three substitutions (ala4-->ser, thr5-->ser, and phe6-->tr ... | 1999 | 10600905 |
| interactions of nitromusk parent compounds and their amino-metabolites with the estrogen receptors of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the south african clawed frog (xenopus laevis). | nitromusks, musk xylene (mx), musk ketone (mk) and musk moskene (mm) are synthetic fragrances. 4-amino-mx (4x), 2-amino-mx (2x) and 2-amino-mk (2k) are nitromusk metabolites formed during the sewage treatment process and have been detected in effluent and surface water at concentrations four to 40 times higher than their parent compounds. to date, data to the aquatic toxicity of nitromusk compounds are limited to the parent compounds and the determination of acute and subacute effects in aquatic ... | 1999 | 10630701 |
| electrophoretic determination of estrogen-induced protein in fish exposed to synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals. | in a first step we investigated whether leuciscus idus, a fish routinely used to assess the quality of surface water in germany, is suitable to indicate the presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. an electrophoretic method was used to determine estrogen-induced protein in fish serum (presumed vitellogenin). this method was tested by exposing juvenile l. idus to 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol, 17 beta-estradiol and estrone. nominal concentrations of the steroid were compared with concentrations de ... | 1999 | 10492896 |
| tgf-beta3 exists in bony fish. | a partial nucleotide sequence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (tgf-beta3) has been isolated from the siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european eel (anguilla anguilla), confirming a ubiquitous presence in the ray-finned (actinopterygian) bony fish. the bony fish tgf-beta3 is highly conserved, with some 83-84% nucleotide identity (coding region) and 90-95% predicted amino acid identity to known homeotherm tgf-beta3's. far lower homologies are apparen ... | 1999 | 10614492 |
| neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the goal of the present investigation was to assess the relative involvement of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). this was accomplished by first developing and validating a nerve-stimulating technique able specifically to activate the nerve fibres innervating the chromaffin cells in order to elicit secretion of catecholamines. using an in situ saline-perfused posteri ... | 1999 | 10393821 |
| pharmacological characterization of arginine vasotocin vascular smooth muscle receptors in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in vitro. | arginine vasotocin (avt) is present in the neurohypophysis of all nonmammalian vertebrates and it appears to be the antecedent of the neurohypophysial nonapeptide hormones. relatively little is known about avt receptors in lower vertebrates, especially fish, and the present study was designed to examine avt receptor interactions in trout vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle in vitro. avt produced dose-dependent contraction of isolated rings from celiacomesenteric, coronary, and efferent branch ... | 1999 | 10094857 |
| intracellular ph regulation in hepatocytes isolated from three teleost species. | the mechanisms of intracellular ph (ph(i)) regulation were studied in hepatocytes isolated from three species of teleost: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bullhead (ameiurus melas) and american eel (anguilla rostrata). intracellular ph was monitored over time using the ph-sensitive fluorescent dye bcecf in response to acid loading under control conditions and in different experimental media containing either low na(+) or cl(-) concentrations, the na(+)-h(+) exchanger blocker amiloride ... | 1999 | 10451412 |
| cloning and expression of two carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase cdnas in ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in salmonid fish, 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20beta-hsd) is a key enzyme involved in the production of oocyte maturation-inducing hormone (mih), 17alpha, 20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one. here we report the isolation of two cdnas which encode proteins with high homology to carbonyl reductase-like 20beta-hsd (cr/20beta-hsd) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ovarian follicles. genomic dna analysis showed that the two cr/20beta-hsd cdnas are derived from two different genes. northe ... | 1999 | 10082666 |
| blood pressure regulation during hypotension in two teleost species: differential involvement of the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic systems | the stimulatory effects of angiotensin ii (ang ii) on catecholamine release and the contributions of the renin-angiotensin system, humoral catecholamines and adrenergic nerves to blood pressure regulation were investigated in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and american eel (anguilla rostrata). in trout, bolus injections of homologous [asn1,val5]-ang ii (100 or 500 pmol kg-1) increased catecholamine secretion rates and plasma catecholamine concentrations from in situ posterior cardinal vein ... | 1999 | 10333513 |
| effects of drift- and benthic-foraging fish on the drift dispersal of three species of mayfly nymphs in a japanese stream. | differences in the effects of two common predatory fishes, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and freshwater sculpin (cottus nozawae), on drift dispersal of the nymphs of three mayfly species, baetis thermicus, cinygmula sp., and paraleptophlebia chocorata, were examined by manipulative field experiments using stream enclosures in a northern japanese stream. the diel periodicity of prey consumption rate differed considerably between the two fishes; the prey consumption of the drift-foraging tro ... | 1999 | 20135165 |
| the partial substitution of digestible protein with gelatinized starch as an energy source reduces susceptibility to lipid oxidation in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) muscle. | we evaluated the influence of dietary gelatinized starch and protein on the fatty acid composition of muscle in rainbow trout and european sea bass and on the susceptibility of flesh to lipid peroxidation. the possibility that flesh peroxidation could be accounted for by lipogenesis and the deposition of fat was also explored. the inclusion of gelatinized starch in the diet of rainbow trout improved growth with respect to that observed in fish fed crude starch (p<.001). this was especially notic ... | 1999 | 10641880 |
| responses of the red blood cells from two high-energy-demand teleosts, yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (katsuwonus pelamis), to catecholamines. | in fishes, catecholamines increase red blood cell intracellular ph through stimulation of a sodium/proton (na+/h+) antiporter. this response can counteract potential reductions in blood o2 carrying capacity (due to bohr and root effects) when plasma ph and intracellular ph decrease during hypoxia, hypercapnia, or following exhaustive exercise. tuna physiology and behavior dictate exceptionally high rates of o2 delivery to the tissues often under adverse conditions, but especially during recovery ... | 1998 | 9747521 |
| l-type ca2+ current in fish cardiac myocytes: effects of thermal acclimation and beta-adrenergic stimulation. | a patch-clamp analysis of l-type ca2+ current in ventricular myocytes of cold- and warm-acclimated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius) hearts was performed. trout were acclimated at 4 and 17 degrees c and carp at 4 and 24 degrees c for a minimum of 4 weeks. ventricular myocytes were isolated by enzymatic dissociation using collagenase and trypsin. marked species-specific differences were noted in ca2+ current density and its ss-adrenergic regulation. the de ... | 1998 | 9438829 |
| the response of trout and zebrafish embryos to low and high boron concentrations is u-shaped. | fish in the embryo-larval stage of development have been shown to be sensitive to boron (b) at both ends of the dose-response curve (1,2). the present study evaluated the health effects of low and high b concentrations on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a cold water species, and zebrafish (danio rerio), a warm water species. rainbow trout embryos were incubated from day 1 until 2 wk posthatch in type 1 astm ultrapure-grade water (12.5 degrees c) supplemented with only b (0-500 microm) as bo ... | 1998 | 10050924 |
| biochemical identification and tissue-specific expression patterns of keratins in the zebrafish danio rerio. | we have identified a number of type i and type ii keratins in the zebrafish danio rerio by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, complementary keratin blot-binding assay and immunoblotting. these keratins range from 56 kda to 46 kda in molecular mass and from ph 6.6 to ph 5.2 in isoelectric point. type ii zebrafish keratins exhibit significantly higher molecular masses (56-52 kda) compared with the type i keratins (50-48 kda), but the isoelectric points show no significant differen ... | 1998 | 9662643 |
| does blood acid-base status modulate catecholamine secretion in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)? | the direct and modulating effects of acidosis on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed in vivo using cannulated fish and in situ using a perfused cardinal vein preparation. in situ, acidosis (a reduction in perfusate ph from 7.9 to 7.4) did not elicit catecholamine release or modulate the secretion of catecholamines evoked by the non-specific cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (3x10(-7) to 10(-5 )mol kg-1) or the muscarinic receptor agonist pilocarpine ... | 1998 | 9787128 |
| enzyme responsible for egg envelope (chorion) hardening in fish: purification and partial characterization of two transglutaminases associated with their substrate, unfertilized egg chorion, of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | from our previous studies, we have suggested that "egg envelope (chorion) hardening-enzyme" (first proposed by zotin [j. embriol. exp. morph. 6, 546-568 (1958)]) in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, is transglutaminase (tgase), and that it coexists with its substrate, the unfertilized egg chorion, and forms epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-links between the chorion proteins. in the present study, we extracted the tgase activity from the isolated chorions by homogenization with isotonic ... | 1998 | 9792914 |
| blood volume, plasma volume and circulation time in a high-energy-demand teleost, the yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares) | we measured red cell space with 51cr-labeled red blood cells, and dextran space with 500 kda fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (fitc-dextran), in two groups of yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares). red cell space was 13.8+/-0.7 ml kg-1 (mean +/- s.e.m.) assuming a whole-body hematocrit equal to the hematocrit measured at the ventral aortic sampling site and no significant sequestering of 51cr-labeled red blood cells by the spleen, blood volume was 46. 7+/-2.2 ml kg-1. this is within the r ... | 1998 | 9450974 |
| n-acetyl-l-glutamate and the urea cycle in gulf toadfish (opsanus beta) and other fish. | carbamoyl phosphate synthetase i (cpsase i) catalyzes the first reaction of the urea cycle in mammalian ureotelic species. the positive allosteric cofactor n-acetyl-l-glutamate (aga) is required for cpsase i activity and is important for regulation of the urea cycle. a similar enzyme, cpsase iii, catalyzes this reaction in fish; cpsase iii differs from cpsase i in that it utilizes glutamine as the nitrogen-donating substrate instead of ammonia. aga also stimulates the cpsase iii-catalyzed reacti ... | 1998 | 9466820 |
| factors influencing the steady-state distribution and exchange of thyroid hormones between red blood cells and plasma of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | we studied effects of in vitro conditions on the steady-state distribution and exchange of thyroid hormones (th) between red blood cells (rbc) and plasma of rainbow trout. at steady state at 12 degrees c the rbc contained 5-11% of l-thyroxine (t4), 14-23% of 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (t3), and 23-24% of 3,3',5'-triiodo-l-thyronine (rt3) present in whole blood. the steady-state distribution was (i) higher in immature than in mature trout for t3, (ii) increased by incubation temperature from 0 to ... | 1998 | 9473370 |
| effects of stress on the reproductive performance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we investigated the effects of stress over the final stages of sexual maturation on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. stress was administered over the period of early vitellogenesis (1.5 mo), late vitellogenesis-final maturation (1.5 mo), or during both periods (3 mo). each stress treatment and control was triplicated, with eight females in each replicate (n = 24 fish per treatment). the eggs and progeny of each female were kept separate, and observations ... | 1998 | 9475400 |
| the application of an in vitro perfused liver preparation to examine the effects of epinephrine and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone on triiodo-l-thyronine release from the liver of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | an isolated, perfused rainbow trout liver preparation was developed to investigate the action of nonthyroidal hormones on hepatic thyroid hormone metabolism. several assessments were made of the stability and viability of the preparations under a range of conditions, including measures of lactate dehydrogenase flux and tissue atp and glycogen content, all of which indicated that the perfused liver was stable for the 60-min perfusion period. moreover, the liver preparations were responsive to an ... | 1998 | 9479486 |
| microenvironment of gyrodactylus derjavini on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss: association between mucous cell density in skin and site selection. | microhabitat selection of gyrodactylus derjavini on the body surface of rainbow trout changed markedly during a 6-week experimental infection period. pectoral fins, pelvic fins and anal fins were the most important sites (expressed in terms of parasite density) during the initial part of the infection. in the later stages of infection, the corneal surface and tail fin became increasingly more heavily infested. factors responsible for this dynamic site selection were investigated. the density of ... | 1998 | 9491421 |
| the genome of salmonid herpesvirus 1. | salmonid herpesvirus 1 (salhv-1) is a pathogen of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). restriction endonuclease mapping, cosmid cloning, dna hybridization, and targeted dna sequencing experiments showed that the genome is 174.4 kbp in size, consisting of a long unique region (u(l); 133.4 kbp) linked to a short unique region (u(s); 25.6 kbp) which is flanked by an inverted repeat (r(s); 7.7 kbp). u(s) is present in virion dna in either orientation, but u(l) is present in a single orientation. ... | 1998 | 9499051 |
| localization and partial characterization of melatonin receptors in amphioxus, hagfish, lamprey, and skate. | through its secretion of melatonin, the pineal complex of vertebrates exerts a range of physiological effects including regulation of circadian rhythms, seasonal reproduction, metamorphosis, and body color change. little is known about phylogenetic differences in the distribution and characteristics of melatonin binding sites in fishes. we used in vitro autoradiography to examine binding of [2-125i]iodomelatonin (imel) in 20-micron frozen sections of amphioxus (branchiostoma lanceolatum), atlant ... | 1998 | 9514841 |
| biotransformation, tissue distribution, and persistence of 4-nonylphenol residues in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | alkylphenols are weak oestrogenic environmental contaminants and have been implicated in the disruption of endocrine function in wildlife. the influence of biotransformation, tissue distribution, and elimination on biological activity was investigated in juvenile rainbow trout following a single iv dose of [3h]4-nonylphenol. distribution and elimination of [3h]4-nonylphenol residues in tissues sampled 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 144 hr after dosing was determined by sample combustion and liquid sci ... | 1998 | 9531523 |
| expression of cyp2m1, cyp2k1, and cyp3a27 in brain, blood, small intestine, and other tissues of rainbow trout. | expression of five constitutive forms of cytochrome p450 [(lmc1 (cyp2m1), lmc2 (cyp2k1), lmc3, lmc4, and lmc5 (cyp3a27)] in selected tissues from sexually immature 2-year old female and male rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined at the translational level by western blot using polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against those purified trout hepatic p450s. tissues examined were from brain, liver, muscle, blood, head kidney, trunk kidney, upper intestine, stomach, heart, and gonad ... | 1998 | 9535744 |
| effects of subchronic exposure to cadmium chloride on endocrine and metabolic functions in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | adult and juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were exposed for 30 days to cdcl2 in water (10 and 25 micrograms cd/l for adults, and 1 and 5 micrograms cd/l for juveniles) to investigate effects of subchronic exposures to cd on the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal and the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, and on metabolic status. liver size and glycogen content and body mass gain were significantly reduced in the exposed adult fish and similar changes were detected in the juveniles. pl ... | 1998 | 9543508 |
| are integrins involved in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of fish haemostatic cells? | the involvement of a putative integrin-like fibrinogen receptor in the aggregatory and phagocytic behaviour of thrombocytes (platelet equivalents of fish) from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied. aggregation of trout thrombocytes was induced by the thromboxane mimetic u-46619 in the presence of trout fibrinogen. thrombocyte aggregation was inhibited by the tetrapeptide rgds, but not by rges or fibrinogen binding inhibitor peptide (hhlggakqagdv). a range of monoclonal antibodies ag ... | 1998 | 9438834 |
| particle clearance from the gills of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the rate of particle clearance from the gills was assessed in healthy rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), challenged with the formalin-killed bacterium flavobacterium branchiophilum, as well as in fish with altered ventilation levels produced by varying the concentrations of dissolved oxygen (do) in the water. the clearance of f. branchiophilum from the gills was quantified by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fish held under normoxic conditions (do = 9.5 mg/l) showed an initial ra ... | 1998 | 9595355 |
| immunostimulatory effects of dimerized lysozyme (klp-602) on the nonspecific defense mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in salmonids. | utilization of natural immunostimulants in fish culture offers a wide range of attractive methods for inducing and building protection against diseases. lysozyme is an enzyme with bacteriolytic properties and is ubiquitous in its distribution among living organisms. this enzyme has antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. in nature, lysozyme is found as a monomer. lysozyme dimer is significantly less toxic than its monomer, and its high biological activity has been ascertained ... | 1998 | 9613448 |
| temperature dependent population growth of gyrodactylus derjavini on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | rainbow trout were experimentally infected with the ectoparasitic monogenean gyrodactylus derjavini at three temperatures, 5.5 degrees c, 11.6 degrees c and 18.7 degrees c. subsequently, the infection level was monitored during the following 6 weeks. the population growth was positively correlated with temperature in the initial part of the investigation. at 18.7 degrees c growth of the parasite population was fast reaching a peak abundance within 3 weeks, whereafter the infection level decrease ... | 1998 | 9639894 |
| in vitro interaction of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and leukocytes from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), a well known salmonids pathogen, has also been reported to be pathogenic for turbot (scophthalmus maximus). in the present work, the replication of vhsv was studied in vitro in turbot head kidney macrophages and blood leukocytes. vhsv was able to infect both primary cultures and viral titer increased with time, either inside the cells or in the supernatant. however, no cytopathic effect was observed during the experiments and the titers were always lo ... | 1998 | 9646440 |