Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| morphological organ alterations and infectious diseases in brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss exposed to polluted river water. | poor water quality is discussed as a major factor causing a decline of brown trout populations in swiss rivers. for our study we have chosen a river in the swiss midlands, where the brown trout population has decreased dramatically during the last 10 yr and where feral fish have shown distinctive pathological alterations. the objective of our study was to investigate whether river water may be responsible for impaired fish health leading to an increased mortality in the river. in an active monit ... | 2001 | 11383563 |
| redescription of gyrodactylus teuchis lautraite, blanc, thiery, daniel & vigneulle, 1999 (monogenea: gyrodactylidae); a species identified by ribosomal rna sequence. | molecular and morphological features of gyrodactylus specimens from oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo trutta and salmo salar were examined. sequences from variable region v4 of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene and the ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacers, produced by the frs marine laboratory, revealed that these were not the same as other well-characterised gyrodactylus that are common on european salmonids and were in fact a distinct species. initial morphological examination of the opistha ... | 2001 | 11252277 |
| detection of yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout blood by use of the polymerase chain reaction. | we evaluated a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for detecting yersinia ruckeri, the bacterial pathogen causing enteric redmouth disease (erm), in blood of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. identification of the pcr product was confirmed by southern blot hybridization with a 32p-labeled oligonucleotide probe matching a sequence within the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of y. ruckeri. following a 1 h immersion of rainbow trout in water with 4.5 x 10(6) colony-forming units of y. ruckeri l ... | 2001 | 11253871 |
| effects of nonylphenol on estrogen receptor conformation, transcriptional activity and sexual reversion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | estrogenic potency of 4-n-nonylphenol diethoxylate, 4-n-nonylphenol (np) and metabolites were tested using two bioassays: rainbow trout hepatocyte culture and recombinant yeast stably expressing rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rter) and containing estrogen-dependent reporter genes. since np was the only compound active in both systems, its interaction with rter was studied in more detail. qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (e2) or np when ... | 2001 | 11408078 |
| effect of iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, on primary cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | as is known from literature, iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, has a highly specific action, with a capacity to cause oxidative damage through production of free oxygen radicals (ros), but it does not appear to be species selective. since this substance is able to diffuse in water, evaluation of its capacity to induce oxidative damage in an aquatic organism such as the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was considered of particular interest. a study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate ... | 2001 | 11451425 |
| recent advances in our knowledge of the myxozoa. | in the last few years two factors have helped to significantly advance our understanding of the myxozoa. first, the phenomenal increase in fin fish aquaculture in the 1990s has lead to the increased importance of these parasites; in turn this has lead to intensified research efforts, which have increased knowledge of the development, diagnosis. and pathogenesis of myxozoans. the hallmark discovery in the 1980s that the life cycle of myxobolus cerebralis requires development of an actinosporean s ... | 2001 | 11456316 |
| microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest mexico. | the trout of northwest mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the oncorhynchus mykiss (pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. in this study we describe the trout in the sierra madre occidental from the ... | 2001 | 11841172 |
| isolation and characterisation of rhabdovirus from wild common bream abramis brama, roach rutilus rutilus, farmed brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in northern ireland. | rhabdovirus was isolated from wild common bream abramis brama during a disease outbreak with high mortality in northern ireland during may 1998. rhabdovirus was also isolated at the same time from healthy farmed rainbow oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta on the same stretch of river and 11 mo later from healthy wild bream and roach rutilus rutilus in the same river system. experimental intra-peritoneal infection of bream and mirror carp cyprinus carpio var specularis with 2 of thes ... | 2001 | 11843142 |
| the probiotic potential against vibriosis of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout. | the antibacterial properties of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and the potential use of inhibitory bacteria as fish probiotics were investigated. a total of 1018 bacteria and yeasts were isolated on tryptone soy agar (tsa) from skin, gills and intestine. forty-five of these inhibited growth of the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum in a well diffusion assay. the antagonism was most prominent among pseudomonas spp., as 28 (66%) of the antagonist ... | 2001 | 11846769 |
| tissue-specific expression of two structurally different estrogen receptor alpha isoforms along the female reproductive axis of an oviparous species, the rainbow trout. | in oviparous species, in addition to a full-length estrogen receptor alpha (er alpha), another er alpha isoform lacking the a domain and exhibiting a ligand-independent transactivation function has been consistently reported. although both isoforms are expressed in the liver, their respective sites of expression in other potential target tissues are unknown. in contrast to the situation in xenopus and chicken, the two isoforms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) are generated from two classes ... | 2001 | 11673274 |
| immunohistochemical localization and differential expression of cytochrome p450 3a27 in the gastrointestinal tract of rainbow trout. | in mammals the cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a) subfamily isoforms are primarily expressed in liver and intestines with lesser amounts found in other tissues. the aim of this study was to examine the cellular localization and the expression pattern of cyp3a27 in the gastrointestinal tract (gi tract) of a freshwater teleost species, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), a fish model used extensively for toxicological and carcinogenesis research. using an avidin biotinylated enzyme complex and 3,3'-d ... | 2001 | 11740908 |
| glucagon effects on brain carbohydrate and ketone body metabolism of rainbow trout. | the levels of glycogen in brain, lactate and acetoacetate in brain and plasma, glucose in plasma and the activities of brain key enzymes of glycogen metabolism (glycogen phosphorylase, gpase, glycogen synthetase, gsase), gluconeogenesis (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, fbpase), and glycolysis (6-phosphofructo 1-kinase, pfk) were evaluated in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, from 0.5 to 3 hr after intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml/kg(-1) body weight of saline alone (controls) or containing bovine ... | 2001 | 11748615 |
| rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) recombinant il-1beta and derived peptides induce migration of head-kidney leucocytes in vitro. | the present work provides the first information concerning the chemoattractant activity of trout recombinant il-1beta and its derived peptides, referred to as p1, p2 and p3. the predicted rainbow trout mature interleukin-1beta peptide was produced as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli. the first peptide, p1, corresponded to fragment 146-157 (yvtpvpietear) of the trout sequence and had an mw of 137 kda. it was equivalent to a region known to be part of the receptor binding domain from the ... | 2001 | 11759040 |
| type ii iodothyronine deiodinase is preferentially expressed in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and gonads. | it is well admitted that thyroid hormones (th) play a role in the development of vertebrates. the major secretory product of the thyroid is a pro-hormone, t(4), which is activated in peripheral tissues by outer ring deiodination to t(3). we have isolated from rainbow trout testis, a full length cdna encoding type ii iodothyronine deiodinase (rtd2). the cdna was 2410 nucleotides long and coded for a polypeptide of 264 amino acids including a selenocysteine residue. the predicted molecular weight ... | 2001 | 11599045 |
| naturalized salmonid populations occur in the presence of elevated trace element concentrations and temperatures in the firehole river, yellowstone national park, wyoming, usa. | we investigated the effects of geothermally influenced waters on the distribution of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, in the firehole river and its tributaries in yellowstone national park (wy, usa) from june 1997 to june 1998. geothermal features in the firehole river basin elevate mineral content and temperature in portions of the river and its tributaries. we found concentrations of boron and arsenic to be elevated in geothermally influenced areas compared wi ... | 2001 | 11596769 |
| factors influencing predictive models for toxicology. | comparisons of different models to predict toxicity and evaluation of the predictive power of a model are affected by the variability of the data. we assessed this problem by considering experimental toxicity data and chemical descriptors. we evaluated several toxicological end-points (oncorhynchus mykiss, daphnia magna, acceptable daily intake, anas platyrhynchos, colinus virginianus and muridae) in the case of pesticides and also considered the availability of toxicological data. we calculated ... | 2001 | 11813807 |
| streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus difficile 16s-23s intergenic rdna: genetic homogeneity and species-specific pcr. | streptococcus difficile is a non-hemolytic gram-positive bacterial coccus that causes septicemia and meningoencephalitis in farmed tilapia (oreochromis sp.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). recent studies have demonstrated s. difficile to be a group b, type ib streptococcus with a whole cell protein electrophoretic profile indistinguishable from s. agalactiae and a biochemical profile similar to that observed for other group b, type ib streptococci isolated from fish and frogs. the aim o ... | 2001 | 11163706 |
| modes of salmonid mhc class i and ii evolution differ from the primate paradigm. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) represent two salmonid genera separated for 15--20 million years. cdna sequences were determined for the classical mhc class i heavy chain gene uba and the mhc class ii beta-chain gene dab from 15 rainbow and 10 brown trout. both genes are highly polymorphic in both species and diploid in expression. the mhc class i alleles comprise several highly divergent lineages that are represented in both species and predate genera separati ... | 2001 | 11207285 |
| purification and characterization of cathepsin d from herring muscle (clupea harengus). | cathepsin d was purified and concentrated 469-fold from a homogenate of clupea harengus muscle. the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of 38000-39000. it is inhibited by pepstatin and has optimal activity at ph 2.5 with hemoglobin as the substrate. the isoelectric point is at ph 6.8. glycosidase treatment and binding to concanavalin a indicated that the enzyme contains one n-linked carbohydrate moiety of the high-mannose type per molecule. the first 21 amino acid residues of th ... | 2001 | 11207447 |
| acute and chronic influence of temperature on red blood cell anion exchange. | unidirectional (36)cl(-) efflux via the red blood cell anion exchanger was measured under cl(-) self-exchange conditions (i.e. no net flow of anions) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and red-eared freshwater turtle trachemys scripta to examine the effects of acute temperature changes and acclimation temperature on this process. we also evaluated the possible adaptation of anion exchange to different temperature regimes by including our previously published data on other animals. an acute tem ... | 2001 | 11104709 |
| identification by in situ hybridization of segmented filamentous bacteria in the intestine of diarrheic rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | nonculturable segmented filamentous bacteria (sfb) have been described in the gut of rats, mice and chickens, and 16s rrna sequences for these organisms are available. these organisms, peripherically related to clostridium phylogenetic group i, have been provisionally named 'candidatus arthromitus'. this work reports the observation of similar bacteria in the intestinal content of the distal intestine, preferentially, in the adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) that exhibited episodic acute ... | 2001 | 11281327 |
| a monoclonal antibody recognising a surface marker on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) monocytes. | the characterisation of a monoclonal antibody (mab 45) reacting with phagocytic leucocytes isolated from blood and spleen of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) is described. the surface marker labelled by this mab is expressed at relative low levels on the membrane of large, nearly nongranulated trout leucocytes, and having the typical morphology of monocytes in flow cytometry (kfoury et al., 1999, fish pathology, 34, 1-6). no reaction of mab 45 with granulocytes, lymphocytes or thromb ... | 2001 | 11308075 |
| effects of whirling disease on selected hematological parameters in rainbow trout. | hematological responses to whirling disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. two-mo-old fingerling rainbow trout were exposed to cultured triactinomyxon spores of myxobolus cerebralis at 9,000 spores/fish in december, 1997. twenty-four wks post-exposure, fish were taken from infected and uninfected groups for peripheral blood and cranial tissue sampling. histological observations on cranial tissues confirmed m. cerebralis infection in all exposed fish. differences in hem ... | 2001 | 11310892 |
| mesophilic aeromonads in wild and aquacultured freshwater fish. | numbers and species of motile aeromonas were determined in freshly caught freshwater fish, in the surrounding environment, and also during iced chilled storage of fish specimens. although no significant differences were observed in water samples, initial levels for skin, gill, and intestines were significantly lower in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in wild brown trout (salmo trutta) and pike (esox lucius). during storage of wild specimens, naturally occurring aeromonads grew fa ... | 2001 | 11348001 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-like factor produced by macrophages in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the presence of a tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-like molecule has been suggested in fish by biological assays and biological and antigenic cross-reactivities with human tnfalpha. in the present study, whether rainbow trout macrophages produce tnfalpha was examined. murine recombinant tnfalpha (m-rtnfalpha) was used as the standard mammalian tnfalpha. the supernatants were harvested from trout macrophage culture stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) and then passed through a polymyxin ... | 2001 | 11394691 |
| cortisol modulates hsp90 mrna expression in primary cultures of trout hepatocytes. | the objective of the present study was to understand the role of cortisol in the cellular stress response process in fish. specifically, our studies addressed whether cortisol exposure modified heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) mrna expression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes maintained in primary culture. we also subjected these hepatocytes to heat shock (hs) in order to examine the role of cortisol on hs-induced hsp90 mrna expression. a cdna fragment of 500 bp was cloned from tro ... | 2001 | 11399505 |
| protection of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus four days after specific or semi-specific dna vaccination. | a dna vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), was shown to provide significant protection as soon as 4 d after intramuscular vaccination in 2 g rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 15 degrees c. nearly complete protection was also observed at later time points (7, 14, and 28 d) using a standardized waterborne challenge model. in a test of the specificity of this early protection, immunization of rainbow trout with a dna vaccine against another f ... | 2001 | 11427277 |
| cloning, characterization and genomic structure of the natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef)-like gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | natural killer cell enhancement factor (nkef) belongs to the antioxidant protein family. in the human, nkef has the ability to enhance natural killer cell cytotoxic activity in vitro. in the present work, the cdnas of nkef from three strains of homozygous clones of rainbow trout were cloned from the splenic cdna library of one of the strains, osu142, and then by rt-pcr for the hot creek (hc) and arlee (ar) strains. the hc sequence has 99% sequence identity with both osu142 and ar. osu142 and ar ... | 2001 | 10980317 |
| recovery of streptococcus iniae from diseased fish previously vaccinated with a streptococcus vaccine. | streptococcus iniae was recovered from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) previously vaccinated against streptococcosis. pcr and serological methods indicate the presence of a new serotype in the diseased fish. | 2001 | 11472962 |
| downstream changes in the composition of the parasite community of fishes in an appalachian stream. | the spatial distribution of 6 parasite species (myxobolus sp., dactylogyrus sp., sterliadochona ephemeridarum, plagioporus sinitsini, allopodocotyle chiliticorum, allocreadium lucyae) was studied in 5 species of fishes (oncorhynchus mykiss, clinostomus funduloides, notropis chiliticus, rhinichthys atratulus, semotilus atromaculatus) in basin creek, an appalachian stream in north carolina. nonmetric multidimensional scaling and vector fitting were used to determine if the proximity of sampling si ... | 2001 | 11318552 |
| plasma cortisol concentrations before and after social stress in rainbow trout and brown trout. | two related experiments examined the relationship between plasma cortisol concentrations and the development of social hierarchies in fish. in the first, rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and brown trout, salmo trutta, were observed for dominance interactions when confined within single-species pairs for 4, 48, or 168 h. subordinate members of a pair exhibited significantly higher cortisol concentrations than dominant and single fish, but the pattern of cortisol elevation differed between the ... | 2001 | 11331510 |
| immune-relevant (including acute phase) genes identified in the livers of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by means of suppression subtractive hybridization. | to develop tools for analysis of the acute phase response, we used suppression subtractive hybridization of cdnas from the livers of trout in an unchallenged state and in the course of a response to injection with a vibrio bacterin emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant. the resulting cdna library contains 300-600bp long fragments of 25 or more immune-relevant genes. fifteen were previously unreported for salmonids, and 12 were not known from any fish species. known acute phase proteins incl ... | 2001 | 11164886 |
| cloning of rainbow trout egg envelope proteins: members of a unique group of structural proteins. | all vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular envelope that protects the egg and is vital for a successful fertilization. the terminology and functions of the egg envelope vary in different vertebrate groups, but the envelope itself is consistently composed of a few major proteins that are deposited around the oocyte during oocyte growth. here, we describe the deduced amino acid sequences and tissue expression patterns of the three major egg envelope proteins for rainbow trout (oncorhyn ... | 2001 | 11207195 |
| cloning and sequencing of caspase 6 in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and analysis of its expression under conditions known to induce apoptosis. | the rainbow trout caspase 6 gene has been cloned and sequenced. the open reading frame consisted of 906bp, which translated into a protein of 302 amino acids, containing the caspase active site pentapeptide (qacrg) and the caspase family signature (hadadcfvcvflshg). amino acids involved in catalysis and those known to form the p1 carbohydrate binding pocket were conserved. phylogenetic tree analysis showed a tight grouping with other known caspase 6 genes. conserved aspartic acid residues at pos ... | 2001 | 11246070 |
| cloning and purification of the rainbow trout fifth component of complement (c5). | to gain further insight into the evolutionary history of the complement proteins c3, c4, and c5 we have now cloned the fifth component of complement from a rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cdna library; this is the first report of c5 cloning in a species other than human and mouse. the deduced amino acid sequence of a partial cdna clone (2.25kb), representing approximately 44% of the coding sequence, showed 60 and 58% similarity to human and mouse c5, respectively. to validate the molec ... | 2001 | 11356221 |
| regulation of intracellular ph in anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant teleost hepatocytes. | mechanisms of intracellular ph (phi) regulation were investigated in anoxia-tolerant hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus, and compared to the situation in the anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes from trout oncorhynchus mykiss. under normoxic conditions, the phi of goldfish hepatocytes was regulated by a na(+)/h(+) exchanger and a na(+)-independent cl(-)/hco(3)(-) exchanger, the latter being activated only after acidification of the cells. mechanisms of acid secretion appear to be fuelled, at l ... | 2001 | 11807112 |
| apoptosis and ovarian function: novel perspectives from the teleosts. | apoptosis is a fundamental mechanism in follicular atresia and postovulatory regression in mammals, but its role in teleost ovarian function is currently unknown. this study tested the hypotheses that apoptosis mediates follicular atresia in teleosts and is inducible in vitro by incubation in serum-free conditions. vitellogenic follicles from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were incubated overnight in serum-free medium and examined for apoptosis by 3'-end-lab ... | 2001 | 11133683 |
| effects of hypoxia on isolated vessels and perfused gills of rainbow trout. | local hypoxia dilates systemic and constricts pulmonary blood vessels in mammals without neural or humoral involvement. the direct effects of hypoxia on isolated vessels from bony fish have not been examined. in the present study, isolated vessels (efferent branchial artery, eba; coeliacomesenteric artery, cma; ventral aorta, va; and anterior cardinal vein, acv) from rainbow or steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were subjected to either passive load (resting tension) or contracted with a liga ... | 2001 | 11672693 |
| large veins in the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) are innervated by neuropeptide-containing nerves. | previous studies have shown that fish veins are reactive to several hormones known to exist in the fish circulation. besides this humoral control, another possible means of active regulation of venous return is by autonomic nervous control of venous tone. this study therefore investigated the presence of a perivascular innervation of major veins in the atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immunohistochemical methods. histological staining was employed to ... | 2001 | 11556526 |
| glucose tolerance and peripheral glucose utilization in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), american eel (anguilla rostrata), and black bullhead catfish (ameiurus melas). | this study tests the hypothesis that glucose tolerance in fish is related to nutrient preference and is correlated with white muscle glucose transporter and phosphorylation (hexokinase) activities. glucose clearance was investigated in the carnivorous rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and american eel (anguilla rostrata) (feeding and fasting) and the omnivorous black bullhead catfish (ameiurus melas). glucose tolerance was assessed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test, injecting 250 mg glu ... | 2001 | 11352553 |
| temperature and myogenic factor transcript levels during early development determines muscle growth potential in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax). | the influence of changes in environmental temperature on the mrna levels of myogenic regulatory factors (mrfs), i.e. myod and myogenin, as well as myosin heavy chain (myhc) were studied during early larval development in rainbow trout and sea bass. phosphoimager analysis of northern blots indicated that there is an optimum temperature for the rna transcript levels of mrf and myhc rna in trout and in sea bass larvae. in the trout strain studied, the highest concentration for mrf and myhc transcri ... | 2001 | 11683432 |
| red and white muscle development in the trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as shown by in situ hybridisation of fast and slow myosin heavy chain transcripts. | the axial muscle of most teleost species consists of a deep bulk of fast-contracting white fibres and a superficial strip of slow-contracting red fibres. to investigate the embryological development of fast and slow muscle in trout embryos, we carried out single and double in situ hybridisation with fast and slow myosin heavy chain (myhc)-isoform-specific riboprobes. this showed that the slow-myhc-positive cells originate in a region of the somite close to the notochord. as the somite matures in ... | 2001 | 11441051 |
| evidence that infectious stages of tetracapsula bryosalmonae for rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss are present throughout the year. | proliferative kidney disease (pkd) is a hyperplastic condition of the lymphoid tissue of salmonids infected with the spores of tetracapsula bryosalmonae, a myxozoan parasite formerly designated pkx, which has recently been described as a parasite of several species of bryozoans. the occurrence of pkd is generally associated with seasonal increase in water temperature, with research indicating that transmission of the disease does not occur below 12 to 13 degrees c. this suggested that the infect ... | 2001 | 11592700 |
| induction of proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss via the bryozoan fredericella sultana infected with tetracapsula bryosalmonae. | proliferative kidney disease (pkd) is a serious infection of wild and farmed salmonids, affecting mainly the kidney and spleen but becoming systemic in most susceptible fish hosts. this report deals with the transmission of tetracapsula bryosalmonae canning, curry, feist, longshaw & okamura 1999 from naturally infected bryozoans fredericella sultana blumenbach 1779 to naive rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum 1792, thereby confirming the recent conclusion based on partial 18s rdna sequence ... | 2001 | 11411645 |
| construction and characterization of bac libraries for three fish species; rainbow trout, carp and tilapia. | bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) libraries are important tools for genomic research. we have constructed seven genomic bac libraries from three fish species, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), carp (cyprinus carpio) and tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). the two rainbow trout bac libraries have average insert sizes of 58 and 110 kb. the average size of inserts in the carp bac library is 160 kb. the average insert sizes of the four tilapia bac libraries are 65, 105, 145 and 194 kb, respectiv ... | 2001 | 11531698 |
| modulation of fish phagocytic cells by n-terminal peptides of proopiomelanocortin (npp). | n-terminal peptide of proopiomelanocortin (npp, or pro-gamma-msh) has shown to exhibit biological activity such as stimulation of adrenal mitogenesis and prolactin release-inhibiting factor activity. structurally, studies reveal a significant difference between fish npp from that of tetrapods, as npps from carp and salmonid lack gamma-msh. thus, fish npp may exhibit functions different from that of mammals. the activation of phagocytic cells by npp was analysed using rainbow trout oncorhynchus m ... | 2001 | 11550181 |
| quantification of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata and vitellogenin mrna levels using real-time pcr after in vivo treatment with estradiol-17 beta or alpha-zearalenol. | estrogen receptor-mediated induction of zona radiata (zr) and vitellogenin (vtg) mrna and protein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was compared to assess their utility as biomarkers for exposure to estrogenic compounds. partial sequences of rainbow trout zr and beta-actin were cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate primers based on conserved regions across a number of species. a 549 bp fragment of the rainbow trout zr-gene showed a high degree o ... | 2000 | 11226827 |
| changes in apoptotic rate and cell viability in three fish epidermis cultures after exposure to nonylphenol and to a wastewater sample containing low concentrations of nonylphenol. | three types of epidermal cultures of fish were used for toxicological investigations, a primary cell culture and a tissue culture prepared from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum and the cell line epc, derived from a skin tumour of the carp cyprinus carpio l. two studies were carried out to compare the different culture systems. in the first cultures were incubated with nonylphenol and in the second set of experiments the cell cultures were exposed to a wastewater sample containing lo ... | 2000 | 23889222 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution and sequence analysis of complete glucokinase cdnas from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio). | the enzyme glucokinase (gk) (ec 2.7.1.1) plays an important role in the control of glucose homeostasis. qualitative and/or quantitative variations in gk enzyme have been postulated by previous studies to explain why dietary carbohydrate utilisation is lower in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a full-length cdna coding for gk in these teleosts. amino acid ... | 2000 | 10699491 |
| sulphaemoglobin formation in fish: a comparison between the haemoglobin of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). | a method for the quantitative determination of sulphaemoglobin (shb) in a mixture of haemoglobin derivatives by spectral deconvolution is described. shb formation was studied in haemolysates and in red blood cells of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). addition of sulphide caused the formation of shb in haemolysates of both animals. however, haemoglobin from common carp was much less sensitive to sulphide than was ... | 2000 | 10683164 |
| in vitro modulation of fish phagocytic cells by beta-endorphin. | the activation of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and carp, cyprinus carpio, phagocytic cells by synthetic chum salmon, o. keta, beta-endorphin was analysed in vitro. rainbow trout head kidney leukocytes were cultured in rpmi 1640 medium containing 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng ml-1 of chum salmon beta-endorphin and the production of superoxide anion was measured via the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) in vitro. macrophages incubated with 10 ng ml-1 up to 100 ng ml-1 of beta-endorphin showed ... | 2000 | 10938734 |
| invertebrate and fish cytokines. | cytokine-like molecules are well described in invertebrates, although most recent studies have revealed that there is analogy, rather than homology, between invertebrate and vertebrate cytokine-like activities. cytokines certainly appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates, dating back some 400 millions years. here, evidence will be reviewed and updated of the presence of these molecules in jawed fish and in particular, in bony fish, which represent the oldest group displaying true functiona ... | 2000 | 11022118 |
| detection of plasmalogen from plasma low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in carp, cyprinus carpio, and rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the study revealed the presence of plasmalogens in the low density lipoprotein (ldl) and high density lipoprotein (hdl) of the fish. the composition of the plasmalogen in the carp plasma ldl phospholipids was 0.94 and 0.23% in the hdl; the ldl phospholipids in the rainbow trout were 0.44% and the hdl was 0.18%. aldehydes from the plasmalogen were derivatized with dansylhydrazides and separated by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). their presence was detected using a fluorescence dete ... | 2000 | 11118943 |
| in vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) on cell-mediated immunity in fish. | beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate(hmb) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive animal production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. in the present study, the effect of hmb on the immunocompetence cell activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (cyprinus carpio) was examined. pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (rpmi-1640) containing either 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, ... | 2000 | 11044553 |
| the acute toxicity of surfactants on fish cells, daphnia magna and fish-a comparative study. | there is a need to replace acute toxicity tests on fish (lc(50)) with more cost effective assays. the main objective of this study was to explore whether gill epithelial cells, hepatocytes and daphnia magna could be used to predict acute toxicity of surfactants on fish. the acute toxicity of 10 synthetic surfactants (anionic, cationic, nonionic and zwitterionic) and two resin acids were determined on hepatocytes and gill epithelial cells from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), on daphnia magna ... | 2000 | 10699362 |
| binding characteristics of [3h]17beta-estradiol in the hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | gonadal steroids in the salmonid brain, acting through cellular receptors, may be responsible for the modulation of neuronal activity and organization of reproductive behaviors. we report our findings on the use of [3h]17beta-estradiol (e2) to identify intracellular estrogen receptors (ers) in the hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. specific binding (b(sp)) of [3h]e2 was tissue dependent between 0.5 and 2.25 hypothalamus equivalents for cytosol and nuclear extract prepar ... | 2000 | 11048682 |
| specific binding of [3h]ketanserin to hypothalamus membranes of juvenile rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | this study examines the existence and pharmacological specificity of [3h]ketanserin binding in hypothalamus of juvenile rainbow trout. hypothalamic membranes were incubated with [3h]ketanserin (selective 5ht2 antagonist) under several experimental conditions; reactions were terminated by filtration and bound radioactivity was counted by liquid scintillation spectroscopy. tissue dilution experiments revealed that specific [3h]ketanserin binding (b(sp)) was tissue dependent; 1 hypothalamus equival ... | 2000 | 10741761 |
| a nose-to-nose comparison of the physiological effects of exposure to ionic silver versus silver chloride in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | physiological mechanisms of silver toxicity (as silver nitrate) to the sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (96 h lc50: 10.2 µg silver l(-1), in soft, low chloride water) and the more tolerant european eel (anguilla anguilla)(96 h lc50: 34.4 µg silver l(-1), in the same water) were investigated during acute exposure to silver, using concentrations varying from 3 to 22 µg silver l(-1). silver was present either predominantly in the form of ionic silver, or in the form of silver chloride ... | 2000 | 10686336 |
| isolation and characterization of novel glycoproteins from fish epidermal mucus: correlation between their pore-forming properties and their antibacterial activities. | in fish, a layer of mucus covers the external body surface contributing therefore, among other important biological functions, to the defense system of fish. the prevention of colonization by aquatic parasites, bacteria and fungi is mediated both by immune system compounds (igm, lysozyme, etc.) and by antibacterial peptides and polypeptides. we have recently shown that only the hydrophobic components of crude epidermal mucus of fresh water and sea water fish exhibit strong pore-forming propertie ... | 2000 | 11030587 |
| slow muscle function of pacific bonito (sarda chiliensis) during steady swimming. | the pacific bonito, sarda chiliensis, is anatomically intermediate between mackerel and tuna. the specialisations exhibited by tuna are present in the bonito, but to a lesser degree. slow-twitch muscle strain and activity patterns were determined during steady swimming (tailbeat frequency 1.2-3.2 hz) at four locations on the body of sarda chiliensis using sonomicrometry and electromyography. both strain and the phase of electromygraphic activity were independent of tailbeat frequency. the strain ... | 2000 | 10851117 |
| desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors does not impede catecholamine secretion during acute hypoxia in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | experiments were performed on adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in vivo using chronically cannulated fish and in situ using a perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation (i) to characterise the desensitisation of chromaffin cell nicotinic receptors and (ii) to assess the ability of fish to secrete catecholamines during acute hypoxia with or without functional nicotinic receptors. intra-arterial injection of nicotine (6.0x10(-)(7 )mol kg(-)(1)) caused a rapid increase in plasma adrenalin ... | 2000 | 10769221 |
| the effects of acute hypoxia on chemically or neuronally induced catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in situ and in vivo. | the potential direct and modulating effects of acute hypoxia on catecholamine secretion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were assessed in situ, using a perfused cardinal vein preparation, and in vivo, using chronically cannulated fish. acute (10 min) perfusion with hypoxic (p(o2)<10 mmhg) saline or homologous hypoxic blood did not have a statistically significant effect on basal (non-stimulated) catecholamine secretion. a field stimulation technique was used to excite the sympathetic nerve ... | 2000 | 10751164 |
| dietary low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal affects thyroid status and nutrient utilization in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | two rapeseed (brassica napus) meals, rm1 and rm2, with two levels of glucosinolates (gls; 5 and 41 mumol/g dm respectively) were incorporated at the levels of 300 and 500 g/kg of the diets of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in replacement of fish meal, and compared with a fish-meal-based diet. a decrease in the digestibility of the dm, protein, gross energy and p was observed with high-rapeseed meal (rm) incorporation. in trout fed on rm-based diets, growth performance was reduced e ... | 2000 | 10911774 |
| action of adenosine on energetics, protein synthesis and k(+) homeostasis in teleost hepatocytes. | in a comparative study, we analysed the effects of adenosine on the energetics, protein synthesis and k(+ )homeostasis of hepatocytes from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish carassius auratus and the anoxia-intolerant trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the rate of oxygen consumption did not respond immediately to the addition of adenosine to the cells from either species, but showed a significant decrease in trout hepatocytes after 30 min. the anaerobic rate of lactate formation was not significantly affected ... | 2000 | 10934006 |
| oxygen-dependent energetics of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes. | the oxygen-dependence of cellular energetics was investigated in hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus (anoxia-tolerant) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (anoxia-intolerant). in goldfish hepatocytes, an approximately 50 % reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption was observed in response to both acute and prolonged hypoxia, the latter treatment shifting the threshold for this reduction to a higher oxygen level. a concomitant increase in the rate of lactate production did not compens ... | 2000 | 10667979 |
| brain blood flow during hypercapnia in fish: no role of nitric oxide. | very little is known about the regulation of cerebral blood flow (cbf) in lower vertebrates, especially fish. in mammals, hypercapnia causes cerebral vasodilation and increased cbf through mechanisms that involve the production of nitric oxide (no). we have used epi-illumination microscopy in vivo to observe effects of hypercapnia on venular erythrocyte velocity, used as an index of cbf velocity, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius). rainbow trout exposed ... | 2000 | 10700569 |
| differences in binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein in reproductive and nonreproductive female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and greenback flounder (rhombosolea tapirina). | the binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein (sbp) were investigated in vitellogenic and nonreproductive female rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and greenback flounder (rhombosolea tapirina). the binding capacity of rainbow trout and black bream sbp was significantly greater in vitellogenic than in nonreproductive-stage fish. a decrease in binding affinity was observed in male trout injected with estradiol (e(2)) compared to control fish. t ... | 2000 | 11121290 |
| the effect of short term confinement stress on binding characteristics of sex steroid binding protein (sbp) in female black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the effect of short term confinement stress on sex steroid binding protein (sbp) binding characteristics was examined in female black bream (acanthopagrus butcheri), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). black bream were sampled immediately after capture from the wild and again after 1, 6 or 24 h confinement. rainbow trout were sampled before and after 5 h confinement. confinement of black bream for 6 h after capture significantly reduced the binding capacity of sbp. binding affinity also ten ... | 2000 | 10779734 |
| two-step purification method of vitellogenin from three teleost fish species: rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), gudgeon (gobio gobio) and chub (leuciscus cephalus). | a two-step purification protocol was developed to purify rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin (vtg) and was successfully applied to vtg of chub (leuciscus cephalus) and gudgeon (gobio gobio). capture and intermediate purification were performed by anion-exchange chromatography on a resource q column and a polishing step was performed by gel permeation chromatography on superdex 200 column. this method is a rapid two-step purification procedure that gave a pure solution of vtg as asse ... | 2000 | 10681036 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum, invasion into and shedding by rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the infection route of flavobacterium psychrophilum into rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was studied using bath and cohabitation challenges as well as oral challenge with live feed as a vector. additionally, the number of bacterial cells shed by infected fish into the surrounding water was determined in the cohabitation experiment and in challenge experiments at 3 different water temperatures. the experiments showed that skin and skin mucus abrasion dramatically enhanced the invasion of f. psy ... | 2000 | 11129378 |
| first isolation of an aquatic birnavirus from farmed and wild fish species in australia. | during routine sampling and testing, as part of a systematic surveillance program (the tasmanian salmonid health surveillance program), an aquatic birnavirus was isolated from 'pin-head' (fish exhibiting deficient acclimatisation on transfer to saltwater) atlantic salmon salmo salar, approximately 18 mo old, farmed in net-pens located in macquarie harbour on the west coast of tasmania, australia. the isolate grows readily in a range of fish cell lines including chse-214, rtg-2 and bf-2 and is ne ... | 2000 | 11129376 |
| in situ hybridisation identifies the gill as a portal of entry for pkx (phylum myxozoa), the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. | pkx (phylum myxozoa) is an important pathogen affecting salmonid culture in western europe and north america. all of the available oligonucleotide probes developed for the pcr amplification of pkx dna were examined for their ability to detect pkx in fixed tissue sections using in situ hybridisation. out of the 12 probes examined, only four stained pkx in tissue sections. the specificity of these probes to pkx was examined by testing them individually against a range of myxosporean infections. on ... | 2000 | 11133109 |
| prolonged in vitro cultivation of ichthyophthirius multifiliis using an epc cell line as substrate. | the ciliate ichthyophthirius multifiliis, which normally requires a fish host to develop from the theront stage to the trophont stage, was cultivated in vitro for part of its life cycle. experiments were conducted using a laboratory strain of the parasite originally isolated from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in a danish trout farm. theronts escaping from tomontocysts were kept in water, cell culture media (e-mem or l-15), or cultures of epc (epithelioma papulosum cyprini) cells in plastic t ... | 2000 | 11104073 |
| a comparison of myocardial beta-adrenoreceptor density and ligand binding affinity among selected teleost fishes. | this study quantified the cell surface beta-adrenoreceptor density and ligand binding affinity in the ventricular tissue of seven teleost species; skipjack tuna (katsowonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares), pacific mackerel (scomber japonicus), mahimahi (dolphin fish; coryphaena hippurus), sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and an antarctic nototheniid (trematomus bernacchii). beta-adrenoreceptor density varied by almost fourfold among these spec ... | 2000 | 11128445 |
| difficulties in experimental infection studies with flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using immersion, oral and anal challenges. | this study was carried out in order to try to establish an efficacious and reliable experimental infection model for flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome, using contact, oral and anal challenges. ten f psychrophilum strains of different origin were included. the influence of water temperature, scarification, water quality, stress and growth conditions of the pathogen on the experimental infection was assessed. for each challenge protocol, all strains fa ... | 2000 | 11020369 |
| ca(2+) binding to cardiac troponin c: effects of temperature and ph on mammalian and salmonid isoforms. | a reduction in temperature lowers the ca(2+) sensitivity of skinned cardiac myofilaments but this effect is attenuated when native cardiac troponin c (ctnc) is replaced with skeletal tnc. this suggests that conformational differences between the two isoforms mediate the influence of temperature on contractility. to investigate this phenomenon, the functional characteristics of bovine ctnc (bctnc) and that from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, a cold water salmonid (sctnc), have been compared. ... | 2000 | 11049853 |
| genetic analyses reveal unusually high diversity of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout aquaculture. | infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is the most significant virus pathogen of salmon and trout in north america. previous studies have shown relatively low genetic diversity of ihnv within large geographical regions. in this study, the genetic heterogeneity of 84 ihnv isolates sampled from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) over a 20 year period at four aquaculture facilities within a 12 mile stretch of the snake river in idaho, usa was investigated. the virus isolates were characte ... | 2000 | 11086112 |
| standardization of experimental infection with flavobacterium psychrophilum, the agent of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fry syndrome. | rainbow trout fry syndrome (rtfs) is a septicaemic infection of young rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss occurring at low temperatures and responsible for severe economic losses in european fish farming. the causative agent, flavobacterium psychrophilum, is a gliding bacterium, and difficulties in culturing it have long been an impediment to investigations on pathogenesis and immunity. successful attempts at experimentally inducing the disease have been reported, but no experimental model resulti ... | 2000 | 11104070 |
| responses of cloned rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to an attenuated strain of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. | the objective of this work was to examine the response of homozygous clones of rainbow trout to vaccination by an attenuated strain (nan scott lake; nsl) of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). adult rainbow trout of the hot creek strain (yy males maintained in a recirculating system at 12 degrees c) were injected 3 times with 10(5) to 10(7) plaque forming units (pfu) of nsl. intraperitoneal injections were given at day 0 and at 2 and 4 mo post-infection. all fish were nonlethally ble ... | 2000 | 11104067 |
| transgenic rainbow trout expressed sgnrh-antisense rna under the control of sgnrh promoter of atlantic salmon. | a recombinant vector containing antisense dna complementary to atlantic salmon (salmo salar) sgnrh cdna driven by specific promoter pab derived from a corresponding sgnrh gene was introduced into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs. this resulted in transgenic animals that had integrated one copy of the transgene into their genome and transmitted it through the germline. antisense-sgnrh mrna (as) was expressed mainly in the brain of transgenic as(+) fish. levels of sgnrh endogenous mrna in ... | 2000 | 11116212 |
| cloning, sequencing, and analysis of expression of a second il-1beta gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | the full-length sequence of a second il-1beta gene (il-1beta2) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been obtained. as with the first il-1beta gene, il-1beta2 is organized into six exons/five introns. there are only small differences in their intron/exon sizes, with the exception of intron 3, which is 334 bp smaller in il-1beta2. the transcript encoded by the il-1beta2 gene contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 121 bp, followed by a 762-bp open reading frame and a 518-bp 3'utr. the 3'u ... | 2000 | 11061285 |
| cloning, mapping and genomic organization of a fish c-type lectin gene from homozygous clones of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | utilizing a splenic cdna library and rapid amplification of cdna 5' ends (5'-race), a c-type lectin gene was cloned from a homozygous cloned rainbow trout. the 1176 bp cdna contains a 714 bp open reading frame from which a 238-amino-acid (aa) (27 kda) protein was deduced. it was confirmed that this protein belongs to the c-type animal lectins, and is a type ii membrane receptor. the predicted protein from this sequence contains a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain, a 20 aa transmembrane domain (tm), a 46 ... | 2000 | 11072064 |
| vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-mediated control of catecholamine release from chromaffin tissue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the aim of the present investigation was to assess the relative contributions of cholinergic (acetylcholine) and non-cholinergic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip), and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (pacap) neurotransmitters in the neuronal control of catecholamine secretion from the chromaffin tissue lining the posterior cardinal vein of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated th ... | 2000 | 10974664 |
| dmrt1 expression during gonadal differentiation and spermatogenesis in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | dmrt1 has been suggested to be the first conserved gene involved in sex differentiation found from invertebrates to human. to gain insight on its implication for fish gonadal differentiation, we cloned a dmrt1 homologue in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (rtdmrt1), and showed that this gene is expressed during testicular differentiation, but not during ovarian differentiation. after 10 days of steroid treatment, expression was shown to be decreased in estrogen-treated male differentiating ... | 2000 | 10978520 |
| ultraviolet irradiation inactivates the waterborne infective stages of myxobolus cerebralis: a treatment for hatchery water supplies. | the effects of ultraviolet (uv) irradiation on the viability of the waterborne triactinomyxon stages of myxobolus cerebralis were evaluated by vital staining and the infectivity for juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. a dose of 1300 mws cm-2 was required to inactivate 100% of the triactinomyxons held under a static collimated beam of uv as determined by vital staining. juvenile rainbow trout were protected from infections with m. cerebralis when exposed to 14,000 or 1400 triactinomyxon s ... | 2000 | 10986645 |
| cloning and characterization of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) type ii interleukin-1 receptor cdna. | a homologue of mammalian type ii interleukin-1 receptor (il-1rii) was isolated from a rainbow trout cdna library by differential hybridization using a suppression subtractive hybridization generated probe enriched for sequences upregulated after immune stimulation. the trout cdna has an orf encoding 441 amino acids, and represents the first piscine il-1 receptor described. the predicted amino-acid sequence has 29 and 26% identity with human and mouse il-1rii, respectively. the trout il-1 recepto ... | 2000 | 11106413 |
| trichodinid ciliates (peritrichia: trichodinidae) from the bay of kiel, with description of trichodina claviformis sp. n. | investigations on the epizoic fauna of gadus morhua (l.), platichthys flesus (l.) and oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) from the kiel fjord and kiel bight were carried out from september 1996 to march 1997. smears from 120 g. morhua and 92 p. flesus caught using fish traps and trammel nets, and of 35 o. mykiss obtained from a local fish farm in the kiel fjord revealed the presence of three species of trichodinid ciliates, trichodina claviformiis sp. n., trichodina jadranica haider, 1964 and trichodi ... | 2000 | 10945730 |
| effect of flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites on the oxidative activity of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss phagocytes. | the oxidative activity of rainbow trout phagocytes was studied using a chemiluminescence technique using 12 different flavobacterium psychrophilum strains and their metabolites. phagocytes were obtained from the head kidney of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the addition of viable f. psychrophilum or their metabolites to the phagocytes resulted in an immediate chemiluminescence response. the stimulating effects of both the f. psychrophilum and their metabolites on the phagocytes were found to ... | 2000 | 10950179 |
| isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) as a tool to discriminate between differently contaminated small river systems. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to native waters and acetone sediment extracts of krähenbach and körsch, two small rivers in south-west germany with different levels of chemical contamination, and were investigated by means of electron microscopic and enzyme biochemical techniques to evaluate sublethal cytotoxic effects. between both rivers as well as between free water phase and sediment, significant differences in the toxic burden could be detected. res ... | 2000 | 10906443 |
| mortality and kidney histopathology of chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha exposed to virulent and attenuated renibacterium salmoninarum strains. | an isolate of renibacterium salmoninarum (strain mt 239) exhibiting reduced virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss was tested for its ability to cause bacterial kidney disease (bkd) in chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha, a salmonid species more susceptible to bkd. juvenile chinook salmon were exposed to either 33209, the american type culture collection type strain of r. salmoninarum, or to mt 239, by an intraperitoneal injection of 1 x 10(3) or 1 x 10(6) bacteria fish(-1), or by a ... | 2000 | 11206735 |
| myxobolus cerebralis infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) exposed under natural stream conditions. | from early april into mid-june 1977, sequential groups of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta) were each exposed for 10 days to the parasite myxobolus cerebralis by immersion in a stream inhabited by infected wild trout. following incubation in a m. cerebralis-free facility, trout were subsequently killed, and heads and gill arches were examined by routine histologic methods. a grading scale to quantify lesion severity was developed and applied. percentage ... | 2000 | 10907859 |
| is fluid-phase endocytosis conserved in hepatocytes of species acclimated and adapted to different temperatures? | our primary objective was to determine if rates of fluid-phase endocytosis (fpe) were conserved in hepatocytes from organisms acclimated and adapted to different temperatures. to this aim, the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow was employed to measure fpe at different assay temperatures (at) in hepatocytes from 5 degrees c- and 20 degrees c-acclimated trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (at 5 and 20 degrees c at), 22 degrees c- and 35 degrees c-acclimated tilapia, oreochromis nilotica (at 22 and 35 degrees c ... | 2000 | 10666157 |
| the gills are an important site of inos expression in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss after challenge with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum. | following injection challenge of rainbow trout with the gram-positive pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum, serum nitrate levels increased indicative of no production. the timing and amount of nitrate produced varied with the virulence of the bacterial strain used, with the highest levels seen in fish challenged with the most virulent (autoaggregating) strain. immunization with a killed r. salmoninarum preparation in freund's incomplete adjuvant significantly increased nitrate levels after challe ... | 2000 | 10651954 |
| a mineralocorticoid-like receptor in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and characterization of its steroid binding domain. | using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) with degenerate primers followed by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends pcr (3'race-pcr) we have isolated a new fish steroid receptor cdna sequence of 1806 bp from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testis. this sequence has clear homology with various mineralocorticoid receptor cdna sequences (rat, human, african toad: 68-70% amino acid identity), and encompasses the second part of dna binding domain (c domain), the whole hin ... | 2000 | 10802282 |
| mx mrna expression and rflp analysis of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss genetic crosses selected for susceptibility or resistance to ihnv. | three interferon-inducible mx genes have been identified in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and their roles in virus resistance have yet to be determined. in mice, expression of the mx1 protein is associated with resistance to influenza virus. we report a study to determine whether there was a correlation between the expression of mx in rainbow trout and resistance to a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). a comparison of mx mrna expression was made between differe ... | 2000 | 10785857 |
| expression of two vacuolar-type atpase b subunit isoforms in swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel: nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. | the poly(a)(+) rna of swimbladder gas gland cells of the european eel anguilla anguilla was isolated and used for cdna synthesis. using a pair of degenerate pcr primers directed towards the evolutionary highly conserved central part of the b subunit of vacuolar type h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) a fragment of 388 bp was amplified. by sequencing the cloned pcr products two different amplicons with a sequence identity of about 86% were obtained. blastn searches revealed a high degree of similarity of bot ... | 2000 | 10760576 |
| stable expression of a foreign gene, delivered by gene gun, in the muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we report the efficient delivery of a foreign gene into muscle of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with a gene gun. the foreign gene was a reporter gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). two cat-containing plasmids were used: pcmv-cat, which contains cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter, and psv2-cat, which contains the simian virus 40 early promoter. all plasmids were introduced by particle bombardment using a gene gun. during the 90-day sampling period following bombardment, cat w ... | 2000 | 10852804 |
| in vivo effect of eicar (5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-carboxamide) on experimental infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) fry with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. | the in vivo antiviral effect of 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-carboxamide (eicar) was evaluated in coho salmon and rainbow trout fry, experimentally infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). treatment consisted of a daily bath of 2 h in 0.4 microg ml(-1) or 0.8 microg ml(-1) of eicar, for approximately 20 days. the behavior of the fish was studied for 45 days post-infection. the survival of the infected treated groups was compared with the survival of non-infected an ... | 2000 | 11114414 |
| inhibition of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estrogen receptor activity by cadmium. | this study was conducted to determine if the cadmium-mediated inhibition of vitellogenesis observed in fish collected from contaminated areas or undergoing experimental exposure to cadmium correlated with modification in the transcriptional activity of the estrogen receptor. a recombinant yeast system expressing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) estradiol receptor or human estradiol receptor was used to evaluate the direct effect of cadmium exposure on estradiol receptor transcriptional activi ... | 2000 | 10859267 |
| expression of clock gene in the brain of rainbow trout: comparison with the distribution of melatonin receptors. | to identify brain structures potentially acting as biological clocks in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the expression sites of a trout homolog of the mouse clock gene were studied and compared with that of melatonin receptors (mel-r). for this purpose, a partial sequence of the trout clock gene, including a pas domain, was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and used to perform in situ hybridization. the highest density of clock transcripts was observed in the periv ... | 2000 | 10861529 |