Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| acute silver toxicity in aquatic animals is a function of sodium uptake rate. | on the basis of these facts about freshwater fish and invertebrates: (i) the na+ turnover is a physiological process associated with the gill membranes; (ii) the key mechanism of acute silver toxicity consists of reduction in na+ uptake by blockade of gill na+,k+-atpase; (iii) the mass-specific surface area of the gills depends on animal body mass; and (iv) the gill surface is also the major site of na+ loss by diffusion, we hypothesized that whole body na+ uptake rate (i.e., turnover rate) and ... | 2002 | 11993875 |
| hazard assessment of resmethrin: i. effects and fate in aquatic systems. | a comparative aquatic hazard assessment of resmethrin was conducted to investigate the need for its restricted use classification by the us. epa as an adult mosquito control agent. this paper describes the environmental fate and aquatic toxicity of resmethrin. the following paper compares resmethrin to the alternative insecticides. environmental fate studies indicate that resmethrin has a short photolytic half-life in water (<1 h). furthermore, it is immobile in soil and biodegradable (half-life ... | 2002 | 11990766 |
| sequence and expression of androgen receptor and estrogen receptor gene in the sex types of protogynous wrasse, halichoeres trimaculatus. | sex steroid hormones play important roles in sex change and behavior of wrasses. their actions are considered to be mediated through the nuclear hormone receptors. in this study, to elucidate the roles of estrogen receptor (er) and androgen receptor (ar) in the reproduction of the protogynous wrasse, halichoeres trimaculatus, ar and er genes were partially cloned using 5'- and 3'-race and their transcript levels in the gonads and the brain were measured by competitive rt-pcr. the amino acid sequ ... | 2002 | 12383444 |
| evolution of behavior and neural control of the fast-start escape response. | the fast-start startle behavior is the primary mechanism of rapid escape in fishes and is a model system for examining neural circuit design and musculoskeletal function. to develop a dataset for evolutionary analysis of the startle response, the kinematics and muscle activity patterns of the fast-start were analyzed for four fish species at key branches in the phylogeny of vertebrates. three of these species (polypterus palmas, lepisosteus osseus, and amia calva) represent the base of the actin ... | 2002 | 12093034 |
| fluorescein: a rapid, sensitive, nonlethal method for detecting skin ulceration in fish. | there is a need to develop simple, rapid, and accurate methods for assessing health in fish populations. in this study we demonstrate that use of fluorescein, a nontoxic fluorescent dye, can rapidly and easily detect the presence of skin ulcers in all fish tested, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), goldfish (carassius auratus), and hybrid striped bass (morone saxatilis male x m. chrysops female). exposure of fish to as little as 0.10 mg fluoresc ... | 2002 | 12450204 |
| lateral line reception in still- and running water. | the lateral line of fish is composed of neuromasts used to detect water motions. neuromasts occur as superficial neuromasts on the skin and as canal neuromasts in subepidermal canals. fibres of the lateral line nerves innervate both. there have been extensive studies on the responses of lateral line nerve fibres to dipole stimuli applied in still water. however, despite the fact that many fish live in rivers and/or swim constantly, responses of lateral line nerve fibres to dipole stimuli present ... | 2002 | 12209340 |
| modulation of goldfish testicular testosterone production in vitro by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and macrophage conditioned media. | the relevance of immune-endocrine interactions to the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis in teleosts is virtually unexplored. the objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the effects of murine cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) and interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage conditioned media (mcm) on testosterone (t) production by goldfish (carassius auratus) testis pieces in vitro; and 2) to identify the site(s) of the inhibitory ... | 2002 | 11857482 |
| vitellogenin induction by 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol in male zebrafish (danio rerio). | adult male zebrafish (danio rerio) were exposed to 17beta-estradiol (e2) or 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (ee2) in flow-through systems for 8 days. this was done to compare the sensitivity of the estrogen inducible vitellogenin (vtg) biomarker system of this proposed oecd test guideline species to other relevant test species. vtg was quantified in whole body homogenate by a species-specific elisa. actual water concentrations of e2 and ee2 were quantified by lc-ms, with detection limits of 1.0 and 0.6 ... | 2002 | 11976068 |
| bioavailability and toxicity of dietborne copper and zinc to fish. | to date, most researchers have used dietborne metal concentrations rather than daily doses to define metal exposure and this has resulted in contradictory data within and between fish species. it has also resulted in the impression that high concentrations of dietborne cu and zn (e.g. > 900 mg kg(-1) dry diet) are relatively non-toxic to fish. we re-analyzed existing data using rations and dietborne metal concentrations and used daily dose, species and life stage to define the toxicity of dietbo ... | 2002 | 12161165 |
| inhibition of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity in fish from waters affected by lead smelters. | we assessed the effects on fish of lead (pb) released to streams by smelters located in trail, bc (canada), e. helena, mt, herculaneum, mo, and glover, mo. fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. blood from each fish was analyzed for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity and hemoglobin (hb), and samples of blood, liver, or carcass were analyzed for pb, zinc (zn), or both. fish collected downstream of all four smelt ... | 2002 | 12139078 |
| molecular cloning of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary dna: mrna expression in 17beta-estradiol- and nonylphenol-treated fish. | a complementary dna (cdna) encoding the eggshell zona radiata protein (rbtzr: af407574) has been cloned from the liver of estradiol-17beta (e(2))-treated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a set of degenerate primers homologous to the highly conserved cysteine-rich region of the zona radiata protein gene from salmon, winter flounder, medaka and carp were used for the initial rt-pcr. the resulting pcr product was cloned, sequenced and ... | 2002 | 12031456 |
| a homolog of mammalian prl-releasing peptide (fish arginyl-phenylalanyl-amide peptide) is a major hypothalamic peptide of prl release in teleost fish. | two prl-releasing peptides (prrp20 and prrp31) were recently identified from mammalian hypothalamus by an orphan receptor strategy, and a c-terminal rf (arginyl-phenylalamyl-) amide peptide (rfa), structurally related to mammalian prrp, was also identified from the brain of the japanese crucian carp (c-rfa) by an intestine-contracting assay. however, to date there have been no reported studies that have examined the prl-releasing effects of rfa in fish. in the present study we determined the cdn ... | 2002 | 12021171 |
| kinetics of radiolabelled silver uptake and depuration in the gills of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and european eel (anguilla anguilla): the influence of silver speciation. | we examined the influence of speciation on the kinetics of silver uptake and depuration in the gills of two freshwater fish, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) which has high branchial na(+) and cl(-) uptake rates and is relatively sensitive to silver, and the european eel (anguilla anguilla, yellow stage) which has low ion uptake rates and is relatively resistant to silver. fish previously acclimated to the appropriate chloride level were exposed to 110magno(3) (1.3 microg l(-1), sublethal ... | 2002 | 11792436 |
| modulation of catecholamine release and cortisol secretion by social interactions in the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of social status on the ability of rainbow trout to secrete the stress hormones, cortisol, and catecholamines. rainbow trout were confined in pairs for six days to permit the formation of dominance hierarchies. an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein (pcv) preparation was then used to assess cortisol secretion or release of the catecholamine hormones, adrenaline and noradrenaline, in response to the inclusion of appropri ... | 2002 | 12383441 |
| adrenergic regulation of catecholamine secretion from trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) chromaffin cells. | the interaction between extracellular catecholamines and catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells was assessed in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation. this was accomplished by comparing the effects of adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists on stimulus-evoked secretion. an acute bolus injection or extended perfusion with saline containing high levels of either noradrenaline or adrenaline did not affect the baseline se ... | 2002 | 11927398 |
| binding affinities of hepatic nuclear estrogen receptors for phytoestrogens in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and siberian sturgeon (acipenser baeri). | phytoestrogens are dietary estrogenic contaminants capable of inducing vitellogenin synthesis in rainbow trout and siberian sturgeon. a competitive-binding assay on their hepatic estrogen receptors (er) was performed to determine the relative affinity of phytoestrogens compared to estradiol (e(2)). phytoestrogen concentrations used were 1000 times higher than for e(2), except for genistein and formononetin. for each compound, the competition with 50%-bound labelled e(2) (dc(50)) was considered i ... | 2002 | 12441116 |
| gene transfer to fish cells by attenuated invasive escherichia coli. | genetic immunization has proved effective in a number of applications including vaccination of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) against the fish pathogen infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. however, injection vaccines, especially in aquaculture, are not as desirable as oral or immersion dosing schemes. in this report we present evidence that attenuated invasive escherichia coli can infect and deliver plasmid dna to salmonid fish cells. | 2002 | 14961263 |
| [stress produced by contaminated sediments with nickel in a pond with rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (pisces: salmonidae)]. | previous studies indicated the presence of high concentrations of nickel in the "el truchón" ponds (in méxico), so it was necessary to find a possible correlation between sediment physicochemical properties of this water body and the damage that could be produced on the rainbow trout which culture is done in a rustic reservoir. the study was initiated with the determination of the physicochemical properties of the trout farm sediments, which are; granular composition, total nitrogen percentage, ... | 2002 | 12956103 |
| cytological and biochemical effects of a mixture of 20 pollutants on isolated rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | isolated hepatocytes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to different concentrations (1x, 10x, 50x) of a complex mixture of 20 environmentally relevant contaminants (pahs, pcbs, pesticides) typical of the chemical burden of surface waters and sediments of small rivers in southwest germany to investigate sublethal cytological and biochemical alterations. results document that all concentrations clearly induced biochemical and morphological changes. the activities of enzymes such a ... | 2002 | 12568467 |
| influence of storage temperature on infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus detection by cell culture isolation and rt-pcr methods. | the detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in infected rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and in cell culture supernatants stored under different conditions was studied. ihnv-positive fish visceral organ homogenates and cell culture supernatants were incubated at 4 and 25 degrees c. virus titre was measured by virus isolation on epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells and the ihnv rna was detected by rt-pcr and semi-nested rt-pcr. the influence of repeated freezing and thaw ... | 2002 | 12553445 |
| voltage-gated ca2+ channel ca(v)1.3 subunit expressed in the hair cell epithelium of the sacculus of the trout oncorhynchus mykiss: cloning and comparison across vertebrate classes. | full-length sequence (>6.5 kb) has been determined for the ca(v)1.3 pore-forming subunit of the voltage-gated ca(2+) channel from the saccular hair cells of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). primary structure was obtained from overlapping pcr and cloned fragments, amplified by primers based on teleost, avian, and mammalian sources. trout saccular ca(v)1.3 was localized to hair cells, as evidenced by its isolation from an epithelial layer in which the hair cell is the only intact cell type ... | 2002 | 12531517 |
| occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish-farming environments. | occurrence of flavobacterium psychrophilum in fish farms and fish-farming environments was studied using agar plate cultivation, the immunoflourescence antibody technique (ifat) and nested pcr. characteristics of 64 f. psychrophilum isolates from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, fish farm rearing water, ovarian fluid and wild fish were serotyped, ribotyped and compared biochemically. virulence of f. psychrophilum isolates from different sources was compared by injection into rainbow trout. add ... | 2002 | 12542087 |
| a cxc chemokine sequence isolated from the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss resembles the closely related interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines cxcl9, cxcl10 and cxcl11. | a sequence encoding a cxc - type chemokine from rainbow trout was found to most resemble members of the cxcl9/cxcl10/cxcl11 sub-family. in mammals, all 3 chemokines are regulated by ifn-gamma and are chemotactic for activated t lymphocytes. the trout chemokine (gammaip1), with a message of 787 nucleotides, contains 100 amino acids in a typical non-elr cxc chemokine arrangement. a second sequence (gammaip2), with 6 nucleotide differences in the coding region when compared to the first, was also i ... | 2002 | 12517732 |
| functional properties of a rainbow trout cyp3a27 expressed by recombinant baculovirus in insect cells. | cytochrome p450 3a27 (cyp3a27) is highly expressed in liver and intestine of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in many animal species, the intestine and liver are responsible for the first-pass metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotics. to help determine its physiological role, the catalytic capabilities of cyp3a27 protein were examined. an open reading frame of cyp3a27 in pfastbac donor plasmid was transferred to the baculovirus genome (bacmid dna) through tn7 site-specific transposition in ... | 2002 | 12433811 |
| cloning and characterization of cdna clones encoding cd9 from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | in comparison to mammals, relatively few of the molecules involved in teleost immune responses have been isolated and characterized. a rapid method of isolating molecules important for immune function is subtractive hybridization. one such experiment using infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus-infected atlantic salmon produced several cdna clones with similarity to mammalian immune-specific genes, including granzyme m (accession no. af434669) and cd9. after cloning the rainbow trout version of ... | 2002 | 12439625 |
| possible role of ltb4 in the antiviral activity of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) leukocyte-derived supernatants against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). | turbot (scophthalmus maximus) blood leukocyte-derived supernatants were tested for antiviral activity against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). the assays were performed by quantifying the effect of the supernatants on the replication of vhsv in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cell line, rtg-2. supernatants were obtained by incubating the leukocytes for 17 h at 18 degrees c in l-15 medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum (fcs). testing of leukocyte supernatants indicated th ... | 2002 | 11755677 |
| trickle and single infection with discocotyle sagittata (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea): effect of exposure mode on parasite abundance and development. | experimental infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) with the monogenean discocotyle sagittata (leuckart, 1842) allowed comparison between trickle and single exposure, two infection modes demonstrated to occur in the wild. both types of infection resulted in mean larval attachment success around 50%, which was significantly dependent on dose of infective larvae used (p < 0.0001), but was not affected by mode of infection (p = 0.244). worms recovered from fish exposed to the same ... | 2002 | 12641200 |
| the effect of acclimation temperature on the fusion kinetics of lipid vesicles derived from endoplasmic reticulum membranes of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver. | membrane fusion is an obligatory step in many vital cellular processes. the well-established enrichment of bilayer-destabilizing lipids in membranes of poikilotherms subjected to growth at low temperatures leads to the prediction that such membranes will possess a greater propensity to undergo fusion. this hypothesis was explicitly tested in the present study by determining the kinetics of fusion between small unilamellar vesicles (suvs) prepared from endoplasmic reticulum (er) membranes of ther ... | 2002 | 11818217 |
| identification of a critical amino acid in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. | two aryl hydrocarbon receptors (rtahr2alpha and rtahr2beta) have been identified in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). these receptors share 98% amino acid identity, yet their functional properties differ. both rtahr2alpha and rtahr2beta bind 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd), dimerize with rainbow trout arntb (rtarntb), and recognize dioxin response elements in vitro. however, in a transient transfection assay the two proteins show differential ability to recognize enhancers, pro ... | 2002 | 11823471 |
| rainbow trout eyed-stage embryos demonstrate melatonin rhythms under light-dark conditions as measured by a newly developed time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. | melatonin contents in eyed-stage embryos of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were measured by a newly developed, highly sensitive, and nonisotopic immunoassay method: time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia). the melatonin-bovine serum albumin (bsa) conjugate was immobilized by physical adsorption to the wells of microtiter plates. a competitive assay using two antibodies was performed among melatonin-bsa in the solid phase, samples, melatonin antibodies, and europium-labeled secondary antibo ... | 2002 | 11825033 |
| host specificity dynamics: observations on gyrodactylid monogeneans. | the directly transmitted viviparous gyrodactylids have high species richness but low morphological and biological diversity, and many species are recorded from only a single host. they therefore constitute a guild of species ideal for studies of the evolutionary significance of host specificity. the group has the widest host range of any monogenean family, being found on 19 orders of bony fish. however, individual species range from narrowly specific (71% of 402 described species recorded from a ... | 2002 | 11835970 |
| determining patterns of motor recruitment during locomotion. | motor units are the functional units of muscle contraction in vertebrates. each motor unit comprises muscle fibres of a particular fibre type and can be considered as fast or slow depending on its fibre-type composition. motor units are typically recruited in a set order, from slow to fast, in response to the force requirements from the muscle. the anatomical separation of fast and slow muscle in fish permits direct recordings from these two fibre types. the frequency spectra from different slow ... | 2002 | 11854372 |
| temperature dependent activation of leucocyte populations of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, after intraperitoneal immunisation with aeromonas salmonicida. | the temperature dependence of in vivo activation of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, leucocyte populations after intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of fish with a t-cell independent antigen aeromonas salmonicida (strain mt423) was investigated using a proliferation assay and flow cytometric analysis with mab specific for trout leucocyte surface markers. in trout kept at 15-17 degrees c a prominent activation of blood and spleen leucocytes was found. also, drastic changes of the percentage of the ... | 2002 | 11866129 |
| development and application of a nested pcr to monitor brood stock salmonid ovarian fluid and spleen for detection of the fish pathogen flavobacterium psychrophilum. | to develop a nested pcr to detect flavobacterium psychrophilum based on the intergenic spacer region 16s-23s rrna and in 16s rrna for analysis of brood stock salmonid fish samples. | 2002 | 11872127 |
| cloning of a novel rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cc chemokine with a fractalkine-like stalk and a tnf decoy receptor using cdna fragments containing au-rich elements. | an activation-specific cdna library was made from phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-activated haematopoietic cells of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization. several immune system genes were identified, including an interleukin (il)1 receptor related protein and two invariant chain-like proteins. many clones showed no similarity by blast search, but had au-rich elements. these fragments were labelled and used for hybridization with a pha-acti ... | 2002 | 11886174 |
| survival of flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum in vitro. | virulent and non-virulent strains of flavobacterium psychrophilum of different serotypes were examined for survival and growth in non-immune and immune rainbow trout serum, in vitro. a majority of the examined strains consumed complement of non-immune serum, but the complement cascade was not able to cause an immediate (after 3 h incubation) notable reduction in viability of the inoculated cells. after 24 h incubation a more pronounced reduction in the number of viable bacteria was observed in u ... | 2002 | 11911675 |
| resistance to serum killing may contribute to differences in the abilities of capsulate and non-capsulated isolates of lactococcus garvieae to cause disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss l.). | three capsulated and two non-capsulated isolates of lactococcus garvieae were investigated in terms of their wall proteins, virulence and interactions with rainbow trout immunoglobulin (ig). all isolates were similar in integral membrane protein profile, and all were able to bind non-immune rainbow trout ig, although different proteins appeared to be involved in ig binding. however, whilst capsulated isolates were highly virulent, non-capsulated isolates were avirulent. this appeared to correlat ... | 2002 | 11911676 |
| the outer membrane fraction of flavobacterium psychrophilum induces protective immunity in rainbow trout and ayu. | flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of coldwater disease, which is responsible for serious losses in fish aquaculture in several parts of the world. no commercial vaccines are currently available for the prevention of coldwater disease. the present study sought to assess the efficacy of a f. psychrophilum vaccine based on the antigenic outer membrane fraction (omf). this fraction induced significantly higher protection against coldwater disease in both rainbow trout (oncorhynchus ... | 2002 | 11911677 |
| antibody increases phagocytosis and killing of lactococcus garvieae by rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, l.) macrophages. | the present study reports that specific antibody increased the bactericidal activity of rainbow trout head-kidney macrophages against virulent capsulated lactococcus garvieae in the absence of complement. the observed increased bactericidal activity appeared to result from increased phagocytosis of capsulated l. garvieae in the presence of specific antibody and may in part explain the protective effect of antibody previously reported against this disease. | 2002 | 11911678 |
| the acute phase response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) plasma proteins to viral, bacterial and fungal inflammatory agents. | the innate arm of the immune system responds to inflammatory stimuli by the activation of phagocytes, and by altered levels of several plasma proteins. these changes in plasma proteins comprise a major component of the acute phase response, which is thought to be an adaptive response that contributes to regaining homeostasis after tissue injury or infection. in this study, rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were injected with a variety of potential inflammatory agents, and changes in the concen ... | 2002 | 11931018 |
| immunostimulation in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following intraperitoneal administration of ergosan. | the present work provides information concerning the immunostimulatory activity of ergosan, an algal based product, injected intraperitoneally in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). ergosan is composed of 0.002% unspecified plant extract, 1% alginic acid from laminaria digitata, and 98.998% algal based carrier. migration of leucocytes into the peritoneal cavity was stimulated at doses > or =1 mg ml(-1). a single dose of 1mg significantly augmented the proportion of neutrophils, degree of ph ... | 2002 | 11943333 |
| estrogen mimics bind with similar affinity and specificity to the hepatic estrogen receptor in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | a variety of organic chemicals have been documented to bind to and activate the estrogen receptor (er) and consequently induce estrogenic effects in different animals. although the function of the er seems phylogenetically conserved in vertebrates, a considerable interspecies variation in the structure of the er has been demonstrated. in this study, the hepatic er from atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhunchus mykiss) were partly characterized, and the ligand-binding preferen ... | 2002 | 11944962 |
| evaluation of immune functions of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)--how can environmental influences be detected? | in fish, the first line of defense against infectious microorganisms is based on a broad range of nonspecific humoral and cellular immune mechanisms ("innate immunity") which without prior specific activation can act in forming a more static barrier (fish shellfish immunol. 10 (2000) 243; dev. comp. immunol. 25 (2001) 827). this natural resistance is normally effective enough to protect fish from infectious diseases until specific immune responses are being induced (fig. 1; dev. comp. immunol. 2 ... | 2002 | 11988361 |
| rhamnose-binding lectins from steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs recognize bacterial lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid. | the interaction between bacteria and three l-rham-nose-binding lectins, named stl1, stl2, and stl3, from steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs was investigated. although stls bound to most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, they agglutinated only escherichia coli k-12 and bacillus subtilis among the bacteria tested. the binding was inhibited by l-rhamnose. stls bound to distinct serotypes of lipopolysaccharides (lpss), and showed much higher binding activities to smooth-type lpss of ... | 2002 | 12005056 |
| studies on pathogenesis following single and double infection with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were bath challenged with viral hemorrhagic septicemia (vhs) virus or infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) virus or with both viruses simultaneously. the viral distribution and development of histologic lesions were examined using immunohistochemistry, while virus titer in kidney was determined by viral titration in cell culture. single infections with vhs virus and ihn virus showed similar distributions of virus in internal organs. the early identification ... | 2002 | 12009056 |
| cloning and characterization of the homolog of mammalian lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bactericidal permeability-increasing protein in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | we cloned two cdnas denoted as rt-lbp/bpi-1 and rt-lbp/bpi-2, respectively, which were derived from the mrna of head kidney from rainbow trout. they showed structural homology with lps-binding protein (lbp) and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) in mammals. the full-length cdna of rt-lbp/bpi-1 and rt-lbp/bpi-2 is 1666 and 1741 bp, respectively. both cdnas encoded 473 aa residues, including the amino acids conserved in mammalian lbp and bpi proteins that were assumed to be involve ... | 2002 | 12023361 |
| rapid differentiation of australian, european and american ranaviruses based on variation in major capsid protein gene sequence. | epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv), bohle iridovirus (biv) and wamena virus (wv) cause serious diseases in fish, amphibians and snakes, respectively but are restricted to australasia. european catfish virus (ecv) and sheatfish virus (esv) have caused epizootics in fish on farms in continental europe. currently there are no simple or readily available methods to distinguish these viruses, which are in the iridoviridae. they are culturally, morphologically and antigenically very simila ... | 2002 | 12030764 |
| characterization of rainbow trout branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex: inter-domain segments of the e2 component affect the overall activity. | branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (bckadh) contains decarboxylase (e1), dihydrolipoyl transacylase (e2), and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (e3) as catalytic components. bckadh purified from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver was comparable with mammalian bckadh in various enzymatic characteristics, but less efficient in catalyzing the overall reaction. the trout e2 subunit was larger than the mammalian subunit and rather similar to the chicken one in relative molecular ma ... | 2002 | 12031470 |
| foodborne pathogenic bacteria in prepackaged fresh retail portions of farmed rainbow trout and salmon stored at 3 degrees c. | twelve lots of fresh unskinned fillets of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and 10 lots of fresh sliced salmon (salmo salar) prepacked in trays wrapped with an oxygen-permeable film were obtained immediately after packing from two supermarkets having in-plant facilities for packaging wet fish. during storage at 3 degrees c, listeria innocua was detected in eight lots of trout fillets after 4 days storage. l. monocytogenes was recovered from a single lot also contaminated with l. innocua. initi ... | 2002 | 12038570 |
| ubiquitin genes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | ubiquitin is a small protein involved in intracellular proteolysis. it is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic phyla and has been detected in such diverse species as yeast, barley, drosophila and man. a previous study showed that chromatin of rainbow trout testis contains free ubiquitin with a sequence similar to that of other phyla. in the present study, which focused on rainbow trout but included eleven other species, it is shown that fish ubiquitin genetic organisation and expression are si ... | 2002 | 12049169 |
| rate and capacity of hepatic microsomal ring-hydroxylation of phenol to hydroquinone and catechol in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) liver microsomes were used to study the rate of ring-hydroxylation of phenol at 11 and 25 degrees c by directly measuring the production of two potentially toxic metabolites, hydroquinone (hq) and catechol (cat). an hplc method with integrated ultraviolet and electrochemical detection was used for metabolite identification and quantification at low (pmol) formation rates found in fish. the michaelis-menten saturation kinetics for the production of hq and cat o ... | 2002 | 12062932 |
| structures of two major histocompatibility complex class i genes of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | here we describe two rainbow trout major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes characterized from lambda phage genomic clones prepared from a single fish. clone gc71 contains all exons except a leader peptide-encoding exon. an open reading frame is maintained, and thus the gene mhconmy-u71 could be expressed in this individual. the class i gene found on clone gc41 lacks exons encoding the leader peptide and cytoplasmic domain. this gene, mhconmy-u41p, is a pseudogene due to a deletion i ... | 2002 | 12073148 |
| isolation and analysis of a protease gene with an abc transport system in the fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri: insertional mutagenesis and involvement in virulence. | yersinia ruckeri is a gram-negative pathogen that causes enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. a gene from y. ruckeri encoding an extracellular protease termed yrp1 (yersinia ruckeri protease 1) was cloned from a sau3ai library constructed in puc19 and analysed in gelatin-supplemented medium. the nucleotide sequence of the yrp1 gene indicated an orf encoding a protein of 477 aa. on the basis of the high degree of homology in the amino acid sequence as well as its conservative motifs, this prote ... | 2002 | 12101310 |
| aquatic toxicity of triclosan. | the aquatic toxicity of triclosan (tcs), a chlorinated biphenyl ether used as an antimicrobial in consumer products, was studied with activated-sludge microorganisms, algae, invertebrates, and fish. triclosan, a compound used for inhibiting microbial growth, was not toxic to wastewater microorganisms at concentrations less than aqueous solubility. the 48-h daphnia magna median effective concentration (ec50) was 390 microg/l and the 96-h median lethal concentration values for pimephales promelas ... | 2002 | 12109732 |
| molecular cloning and expression during spermatogenesis of a cdna encoding testicular 11beta-hydroxylase (p45011beta) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | cytochrome p450 1beta-hydroxylase (p450(11beta)) is an important steroidogenic enzyme for glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid production in vertebrates. in teleosts, p450(11beta) also plays a role in the production of 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt), the predominant androgen in male fish. in this study, we cloned a cdna encoding rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) testicular p450(11beta). the cdna contains 1,740 nucleotides that encode a protein of 551 amino acids which shares 65.2% homology with t ... | 2002 | 12112578 |
| response of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to exposure to myxobolus cerebralis above and below a point source of infectivity in the upper colorado river. | we exposed 9 wk old rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss to ambient levels of myxobolus cerebralis infectious stages at 4 sites of suspected differing infectivity in the colorado river. exposure was estimated by periodic filtration of river water at each exposure location. after a 32 d exposure, the fish were held in the colorado river at a common site for over a year. resulting infection was evaluated by the presence of clinical signs (whirling behavior, cranial deformity/exophthalmia, and black t ... | 2002 | 12113302 |
| lipoprotein lipase from rainbow trout differs in several respects from the enzyme in mammals. | previously we found lipase activity with characteristics similar to lipoprotein lipase (lpl) in tissues from rainbow trout [biochim. biophys. acta 1255 (1995) 205], whereas no equivalent to the related hepatic lipase could be found. an equivalent to apolipoprotein cii was also identified and characterized [gene 254 (2000) 189]. we present here the full nucleotide sequence for lpl from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and have investigated some properties of the enzyme. in contrast to what has ... | 2002 | 12119116 |
| brain serotonin and the control of food intake in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss): effects of changes in plasma glucose levels. | the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its main metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were assessed in two brain regions, hypothalamus and telencephalon, of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) submitted to increases or decreases in plasma glucose levels through different experimental approaches. thus, intraperitoneal glucose treatment (500 mg kg(-1)) increased 5-hydroxytryptamine telencephalic levels. long-term food deprivation up to 3 weeks significantly increased hypothalamic (2 weeks and 3 wee ... | 2002 | 12122466 |
| dietary accumulation and biochemical responses of juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126). | juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) (initial weights 2-5 g) were exposed to three dietary concentrations (0, 12.4 and 126 ng g(-1), wet weight) of a 14c-labelled 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) for 30 days followed by 160 days of clean food. we assessed bioaccumulation, histology (liver and thyroid) and biochemical responses (liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), liver vitamins (retinoids and tocopherol) and muscle thyroid hormone levels) along with growth and survival. t ... | 2002 | 12127732 |
| early oxidative damage in primary cultured trout hepatocytes: a time course study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the two-step hepatocyte isolation procedure on primary cultured trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes over time. we characterised the possible changes of a variety of some cellular parameters within the first 24-48 h after seeding. we followed the time dependent changes of these parameters during subsequent culture times in order to see if the cells maintained a differentiated status. scanning electron microscopy revealed bleb formation an ... | 2002 | 12127742 |
| the effects of thyroxine or a gnrh analogue on thyroid hormone deiodination in the olfactory epithelium and retina of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, and sockeye salmon, oncorhynchus nerka. | using low (0.5nm) substrate levels we determined the activities of thyroxine (t4) outer-ring deiodination (ord), t4 inner-ring deiodination (t4ird) and 3,5,3(')-triiodothyronine (t3) ird activities in the olfactory epithelium (olf) and retina (ret) of laboratory-held immature 1-year-old rainbow trout and immature 2.5-year-old sockeye salmon. in both species all three deiodination activities were detected in olf and ret. for olf, no particular pathway predominated and activities were similar to t ... | 2002 | 12161202 |
| morphology and life cycle of apatemon hypseleotris species novum from australia including metacercariae viability and excystment. | experimental infection of pigeon squabs and rats with encysted metacercariae from the western carp gudgeon (hypseleotris klunzingeri) showed them to be infected with a new strigeid trematode, apatemon hypseleotris. growth and development of a. hypseleotris in pigeons were significantly higher than in rats. eggs appeared in pigeon faeces within 7-14 days; miracidia hatched within 15-21 days and in the snail lymnaea tomentosa released within 21 days. cercariae experimentally encysted in the leeche ... | 2002 | 12161969 |
| anti-microbial properties of histone h2a from skin secretions of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | skin exudates of rainbow trout contain a potent 13.6 kda anti-microbial protein which, from partial internal amino acid sequencing, peptide mass fingerprinting, matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization ms and amino acid analysis, seems to be histone h2a, acetylated at the n-terminus. the protein, purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatography, exhibits powerful anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations in the su ... | 2002 | 12164782 |
| detection of traces of tetracyclines from fish with a bioluminescent sensor strain incorporating bacterial luciferase reporter genes. | bioluminescent escherichia coli k-12 strain for the specific detection of the tetracycline family of antimicrobial agents was optimized to work with fish samples. the biosensing strain contains a plasmid incorporating the bacterial luciferase operon of photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the tetracycline responsive element from transposon tn10 (korpela et al. anal. chem. 1998, 70, 4457-4462). the extraction procedure of oxytetracycline from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) tissue wa ... | 2002 | 12166964 |
| type i keratin cdnas from the rainbow trout: independent radiation of keratins in fish. | five different type i keratins from a teleost fish, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, have been sequenced by cdna cloning and identified at the protein level by peptide mass mapping using maldi-ms. this showed that the entire range of type i keratins detected biochemically in this fish has now been sequenced. three of the keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype ie), whereas the other two occur in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype is). among the is keratins is an ortho ... | 2002 | 12190989 |
| type ii keratin cdnas from the rainbow trout: implications for keratin evolution. | from a teleost fish, the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, we have cloned and sequenced cdnas encoding five different type ii keratins. the corresponding protein spots, as separated by 2d-page of trout cytoskeletal preparations, have been identified by peptide mass mapping using maldi mass spectrometry. three of the sequenced keratins are expressed in the epidermis (subtype iie), and two in simple epithelia and mesenchymal cells (subtype iis). the iis keratins are both orthologs of human k8. th ... | 2002 | 12190990 |
| post-cyclic transmission in acanthocephalus tumescens (acanthocephala: echinorhynchidae). | the aim of this study was to investigate the post-cyclic transmission of acanthocephalus tumescens (von linstow, 1896) from galaxias maculatus jenyns to oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum). wild g. maculatus naturally infected with a. tumescens were fed to cultured rainbow trout, which were sacrificed at the second, third and fourth weeks post infection. normally attached male and female acanthocephalans were recovered alive from the intestine of rainbow trout. parasites survive at least four weeks po ... | 2002 | 12194485 |
| analysis of two igm isotypes in atlantic salmon and brown trout. | atlantic salmon (salmo salar) possesses two distinct subpopulations of polymeric igm which are separable by anion exchange chromatography. consistent with this finding there are two isotypic igm heavy chain genes, cmua and cmub, in the genome of this species, presumably as a result of ancestral tetraploidy. in the present study it was shown that igm of brown trout (salmo trutta) is also separated into two subpopulations by anion exchange chromatography, while igm of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus m ... | 2002 | 12220889 |
| temperature and ca(2+)-dependence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ca(2+)-atpase in haddock, salmon, rainbow trout and zebra cichlid. | temperature dependence of ca(2+)-atpase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) in rabbit muscle has been widely studied, and it is generally accepted that a break point in arrhenius plot exist at approximately 20 degrees c. whether the break point arises as a result of temperature dependent changes in the enzyme or its membrane lipid environment is still a matter of discussion. in this study we compared the temperature dependence and ca(2+)-dependence of sr ca(2+)-atpase in haddock (melanogrammus ... | 2002 | 12223210 |
| occurrence of enteric redmouth disease in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) on farms in croatia. | during the spring of 1996 and autumn of 1997 unusual mortality outbreaks among rainbow trout fry and yearlings occurred at two different trout farms, resulting in mortality of 20 and 10 per cent, respectively. generally, the affected fish, swimming at the water surface, were reluctant to eat and were dark pigmented with visible haemorrhages around and within the oral cavity. bacterial isolates from moribund fish from both cases were identified as yersinia ruckeri by standard biochemical tests an ... | 2002 | 12237969 |
| an aeromonas salmonicida type iv pilin is required for virulence in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida expresses a large number of proven and suspected virulence factors including bacterial surface proteins, extracellular degradative enzymes, and toxins. we report the isolation and characterization of a 4-gene cluster, tapabcd, from virulent a. salmonicida a450 that encodes proteins homologous to components required for type iv pilus biogenesis. one gene, tapa, encodes a protein with high homology to type iv pilus subunit proteins from many gram-negative bacterial pathogens, ... | 2002 | 12240967 |
| quantification of the wake of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using three-dimensional stereoscopic digital particle image velocimetry. | although considerable progress has been made within the last decade in experimental hydrodynamic analyses of aquatic locomotion using two-dimensional digital particle image velocimetry (two-dimensional dpiv), data have been limited to simultaneous calculation of two out of the three flow velocity variables: downstream (u), vertical (v) and lateral (w). here, we present the first biological application of stereo-dpiv, an engineering technique that allows simultaneous calculation of u, v and w vel ... | 2002 | 12324537 |
| the induction of an atp-sensitive k(+) current in cardiac myocytes of air- and water-breathing vertebrates. | opening of atp-sensitive potassium channels (k(atp)) is an effective cardioprotective mechanism in mammals. the amplitude of the atp-sensitive k(+) current (i(k,atp)) and the opening sensitivity of k(atp) channels are, however, poorly known in ectotherms. as o(2)-sensing mechanisms and reactions to o(2) deficiency differ in aquatic and terrestrial animals, we hypothesised that the response of k(atp) channels to metabolic inhibition would be different between air- and water-breathers. we therefor ... | 2002 | 12355176 |
| bacteriolytic activity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) complement. | the total bacteriolytic activity comprising of the classical, alternative and possible lectine pathways as well as the bacteriolytic activity of the alternative pathway (ap) of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) complement was assessed in temperatures ranging from 0 to 35 degrees c against a recombinant strain escherichia coli containing two reporter genes gfp and lucff. at 35 degrees c there was no difference between the total (tc) activity and the activity of the ap, but at 10 degrees c the t ... | 2002 | 12377219 |
| recombinant interleukin-1 beta activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the present study provides the first direct evidence that implicates fish cytokines as the effector molecules by which the immune system signals the neuroendocrine system and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal stress axis. i.p. injections of trout recombinant interleukin-1 beta (ril-1 beta) or e. coli lipopolysaccharide (lps), at concentrations known to induce immune/inflammatory responses in vivo (0.1-0.6 nmol/kg and 1.3 mg/kg respectively), significantly elevated plasma cortisol l ... | 2002 | 12379511 |
| study of the tail fin rays of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis. | a light, transmission and scanning microscope study of the rays (lepidotrichia) forming the tail fin of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings infected with the parasite myxobolus cerebralis showed that triactinomyxon adherence to the tail fin of host fingerlings occurred 10 min after infection. after 2 h of exposure, it was possible to observe triactinomyxon spores in the epidermis. although the characteristic symptoms of the disease, such as a black tail and a change in tail morpholog ... | 2002 | 12408363 |
| wake dynamics and locomotor function in fishes: interpreting evolutionary patterns in pectoral fin design. | the great anatomical diversification of paired fins within the actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) can be understood as a suite of evolutionary transformations in design. at a broad taxonomic scale, two clear trends exist in the morphology of the anteriorly situated pectoral fins. in comparing basal to more derived clades, there are general patterns of (i) reorientation of the pectoral fin base from a nearly horizontal to more vertical inclination, and (ii) migration of the pectoral fin from a ve ... | 2002 | 21680381 |
| involvement of gonadotropin in the uptake of vitellogenin into vitellogenic oocytes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. | the effects of two fully characterized, structurally distinct gonadotropins, gth i and gth ii, on the uptake of vitellogenin (vtg) into oocytes of the rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. gth i, injected into maturing vitellogenic females at a dose of 10 micrograms.kg body wt-1, increased the rate of [3h]vtg uptake into oocytes by more than two-fold, effectively doubling their rate of growth. ovaries from females similarly treated with gth ii sequester ... | 2001 | 1783274 |
| characterization of rainbow trout cell lines using microsatellite dna profiling. | ten microsatellite loci (omy27du,omy325(a3)uog, omyfgt5tuf,omyfgt14tuf, omyfgt15tuf,omyfgt23tuf, omy77du,ssa20.19nuig, ots1bml, andone18asc) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction to create genetic profiles for nine cell lines (rtg-2, rth-149,rtl-w1,rtgill-w1, rts-11, rts-34st, rtp-2, rtp-91e and rtp-91f) from rainbow trout(oncorhynchus mykiss) and one cell line (chse-214) from chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). a cell line (phl) from anon-salmonid, the pacific herring (clupea harengu ... | 2001 | 19002917 |
| chromosome painting supports lack of homology among sex chromosomes in oncorhynchus, salmo, and salvelinus (salmonidae). | the sex chromosome pair has been identified previously as the largest submetacentric pair in the genome in several species of the genus salvelinus (eastern trouts and chars) including s. namaycush (lake trout) and as a large subtelocentric/acrocentric pair in several species of the genus oncorhynchus (pacific trouts and salmon). sex chromosomes have not been identified in salmo (atlantic salmon and brown trout). two paint probes, one specific for the short arm (yp) and the other for the long arm ... | 2001 | 11841160 |
| microsatellite analyses of the trout of northwest mexico. | the trout of northwest mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the oncorhynchus mykiss (pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. in this study we describe the trout in the sierra madre occidental from the ... | 2001 | 11841172 |
| isolation and characterisation of rhabdovirus from wild common bream abramis brama, roach rutilus rutilus, farmed brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in northern ireland. | rhabdovirus was isolated from wild common bream abramis brama during a disease outbreak with high mortality in northern ireland during may 1998. rhabdovirus was also isolated at the same time from healthy farmed rainbow oncorhynchus mykiss and brown trout salmo trutta on the same stretch of river and 11 mo later from healthy wild bream and roach rutilus rutilus in the same river system. experimental intra-peritoneal infection of bream and mirror carp cyprinus carpio var specularis with 2 of thes ... | 2001 | 11843142 |
| the probiotic potential against vibriosis of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout. | the antibacterial properties of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and the potential use of inhibitory bacteria as fish probiotics were investigated. a total of 1018 bacteria and yeasts were isolated on tryptone soy agar (tsa) from skin, gills and intestine. forty-five of these inhibited growth of the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum in a well diffusion assay. the antagonism was most prominent among pseudomonas spp., as 28 (66%) of the antagonist ... | 2001 | 11846769 |
| streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus difficile 16s-23s intergenic rdna: genetic homogeneity and species-specific pcr. | streptococcus difficile is a non-hemolytic gram-positive bacterial coccus that causes septicemia and meningoencephalitis in farmed tilapia (oreochromis sp.) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). recent studies have demonstrated s. difficile to be a group b, type ib streptococcus with a whole cell protein electrophoretic profile indistinguishable from s. agalactiae and a biochemical profile similar to that observed for other group b, type ib streptococci isolated from fish and frogs. the aim o ... | 2001 | 11163706 |
| immune-relevant (including acute phase) genes identified in the livers of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, by means of suppression subtractive hybridization. | to develop tools for analysis of the acute phase response, we used suppression subtractive hybridization of cdnas from the livers of trout in an unchallenged state and in the course of a response to injection with a vibrio bacterin emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant. the resulting cdna library contains 300-600bp long fragments of 25 or more immune-relevant genes. fifteen were previously unreported for salmonids, and 12 were not known from any fish species. known acute phase proteins incl ... | 2001 | 11164886 |
| redescription of gyrodactylus teuchis lautraite, blanc, thiery, daniel & vigneulle, 1999 (monogenea: gyrodactylidae); a species identified by ribosomal rna sequence. | molecular and morphological features of gyrodactylus specimens from oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo trutta and salmo salar were examined. sequences from variable region v4 of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene and the ribosomal rna internal transcribed spacers, produced by the frs marine laboratory, revealed that these were not the same as other well-characterised gyrodactylus that are common on european salmonids and were in fact a distinct species. initial morphological examination of the opistha ... | 2001 | 11252277 |
| effects of nonylphenol on estrogen receptor conformation, transcriptional activity and sexual reversion in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | estrogenic potency of 4-n-nonylphenol diethoxylate, 4-n-nonylphenol (np) and metabolites were tested using two bioassays: rainbow trout hepatocyte culture and recombinant yeast stably expressing rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rter) and containing estrogen-dependent reporter genes. since np was the only compound active in both systems, its interaction with rter was studied in more detail. qualitative and quantitative differences were observed in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (e2) or np when ... | 2001 | 11408078 |
| protection of rainbow trout against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus four days after specific or semi-specific dna vaccination. | a dna vaccine against a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), was shown to provide significant protection as soon as 4 d after intramuscular vaccination in 2 g rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) held at 15 degrees c. nearly complete protection was also observed at later time points (7, 14, and 28 d) using a standardized waterborne challenge model. in a test of the specificity of this early protection, immunization of rainbow trout with a dna vaccine against another f ... | 2001 | 11427277 |
| effect of iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, on primary cultured rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. | as is known from literature, iprodione, a dicarboximide fungicide, has a highly specific action, with a capacity to cause oxidative damage through production of free oxygen radicals (ros), but it does not appear to be species selective. since this substance is able to diffuse in water, evaluation of its capacity to induce oxidative damage in an aquatic organism such as the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was considered of particular interest. a study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate ... | 2001 | 11451425 |
| recent advances in our knowledge of the myxozoa. | in the last few years two factors have helped to significantly advance our understanding of the myxozoa. first, the phenomenal increase in fin fish aquaculture in the 1990s has lead to the increased importance of these parasites; in turn this has lead to intensified research efforts, which have increased knowledge of the development, diagnosis. and pathogenesis of myxozoans. the hallmark discovery in the 1980s that the life cycle of myxobolus cerebralis requires development of an actinosporean s ... | 2001 | 11456316 |
| thyroxine induces transitions in red muscle kinetics and steady swimming kinematics in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | during normal development, rainbow trout undergo a shift in red muscle contraction kinetics and swimming kinematics. young trout parr have faster muscle kinetics and faster tailbeat frequency during swimming than older, larger juvenile trout. in this study, the thyroid hormone thyroxine (t(4)) was used to induce these changes in trout parr. this allowed a comparison of swimming kinematics, through the use of video analysis and electromyography, and red muscle contractile properties, through the ... | 2001 | 11471141 |
| recovery of streptococcus iniae from diseased fish previously vaccinated with a streptococcus vaccine. | streptococcus iniae was recovered from diseased rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) previously vaccinated against streptococcosis. pcr and serological methods indicate the presence of a new serotype in the diseased fish. | 2001 | 11472962 |
| dietary organic chromium supplementation and its effect on the immune response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | recently, there has been an increasing interest in the potential effect of dietary chromium on the health of fish, particularly with respect to their metabolism and growth. information as to the role of this mineral on their immune response, is limited however, so the aim of this study was to assess the effects of dietary chromium yeast supplementation on the immune response of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). juvenile rainbow trout (56 g average weight) were fed three semipurified diets con ... | 2001 | 11478514 |
| in vitro interactions between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages and vibrio anguillarum serogroup o2a. | the sensitivity of vibrio anguillarum serogroup o2a to killing by rainbow trout macrophages in the presence or absence of specific antibodies and complement components was evaluated using an in vitro assay. fluorescence microscopy revealed that v. anguillarum serogroup o2a was phagocytosed by rainbow trout macrophages. in the absence of specific antibodies and complement components the bacteria were killed to a limited extent by the macrophages and there was no increased killing if the bacteria ... | 2001 | 11478517 |
| effects of trout endothelin on the motility of gastrointestinal smooth muscle from the trout and rat. | trout endothelin (et), previously isolated from the kidney of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss, contains four amino acid substitutions at residues 4-7 compared with rat et-1. trout et produced sustained and concentration-dependent contractions of strips of longitudinal smooth muscle from trout stomach (pd(2) = 7.52 +/- 0.06) and proximal small intestine (pd(2) = 7.80 +/- 0.10) and from rat fundus (pd(2) = 7.78 +/- 0.14). rat et-1 was equipotent with trout et for contraction of rat fundus an ... | 2001 | 11482936 |
| the production and bioactivity of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) recombinant il-1 beta. | the predicted rainbow trout mature interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) peptide has been produced as a recombinant protein in e. coli. the bioactivity of this molecule has been studied using trout head kidney cell preparations and a trout macrophage cell line (rts11). trout ril-1 beta was shown to increase the expression level of il-1 beta, cyclooxygenase (cox2) and mhc class ii beta chain transcription, as determined by northern blot analysis. stimulatory doses of ril-1 beta were typically > or =10 n ... | 2001 | 11498242 |
| effects of arginine on pancreatic hormones and hepatic metabolism in rainbow trout. | arginine (arg), injected intraperitoneally into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), increases plasma concentrations of glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1), and insulin by three- to 10-fold. resulting ratios of glucagon and glp-1 over insulin are unchanged in 20-d food-deprived fish (saline, 1.28 vs. arg, 0.93; not significant) while slightly increased in feeding trout (saline, 0.70 vs. arg, 0.92; p<0.05). in food-deprived juveniles, arg injection leads to significant decreases in plasma f ... | 2001 | 11517452 |
| are chemical alarm cues conserved within salmonid fishes? | a wide diversity of fishes possess chemical alarm signalling systems. however, it is not known whether the specific chemicals that act as alarm signals are conserved within most taxonomic groups. in this study we tested whether cross-species responses to chemical alarm signals occurred within salmonid fishes. in separate laboratory experiments, we exposed brook charr (salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) to chemical alarm signals from each o ... | 2001 | 11521402 |
| biochemical and functional analysis of a conserved igf-binding protein isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatoma cells. | rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum contains several igf-binding proteins (igfbps) that specifically bind to igfs. the structures of these fish igfbps have not been determined and their physiological functions are poorly defined. in this study, we identified a 30 kda igfbp present in rainbow trout serum and secreted by cultured trout hepatoma cells. this igfbp binds to igfs but not to insulin. this igfbp was purified to homogeneity using a three-step procedure involving phenyl-sepharose ch ... | 2001 | 11524242 |
| molecular cloning, gene organization and expression of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) gene. | a full-length inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) gene has been sequenced for the first time outside the mammals, and the gene organization compared with that already determined for human inos. while there are some differences from the human gene, overall the exons show remarkable conservation in sequence and organization. as in human, the trout inos gene has 27 exons, with 18 of the trout exons being identical in size with the equivalent human exons. the cofactor-binding domains are found in ... | 2001 | 11535135 |