Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| efficiency of a recombinant msa-2c-based elisa to establish the persistence of antibodies in cattle vaccinated with babesia bovis. | bovine babesiosis is caused by babesia bovis and b. bigemina in argentina. these protozoans are prevalent north of parallel 30 degrees s, where their natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is widespread. to prevent babesiosis outbreaks in endemic areas, an increasing population of 4-10-month-old calves are vaccinated with low virulence b. bovis r1a (bbor1a) and b. bigemina s1a (bbis1a) strains. in non-endemic areas, an additional calf population is also vaccinated and boostered as ad ... | 2008 | 18783887 |
| exopolyphosphatases in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions during embryogenesis of the hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the present work evaluated polyphosphate (poly p) metabolism in nuclear and mitochondrial fractions during rhipicephalus microplus embryogenesis. nuclear poly p decreased and activity of exopolyphosphatase (ppx - polyphosphate-phosphohydrolases; ec 3.6.1.11) increased after embryo cellularization until the end of embryogenesis. the utilization of mitochondrial poly p content occurred between embryo cellularization and segmentation stages. increasing amounts of total rna extracted from eggs progr ... | 2008 | 18706514 |
| multivalent ha dna vaccination protects against highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza infection in chickens and mice. | background: sustained outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 in avian species increase the risk of reassortment and adaptation to humans. the ability to contain its spread in chickens would reduce this threat and help maintain the capacity for egg-based vaccine production. while vaccines offer the potential to control avian disease, a major concern of current vaccines is their potency and inability to protect against evolving avian influenza viruses. methodology / principal f ... | 2008 | 19293944 |
| on the search for markers of tick resistance in bovines. | genetic differences in susceptibility to ticks (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) are considerable in bovines. here, mapping, association and gene expression approaches were employed to further advance our understanding of the molecular basis of tick resistance. a b. taurus x b. indicus f2 population was developed by embrapa and 382 individuals were measured for parasitic load. scanning of all chromosomes is in progress. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for tick load were mapped to chromosomes 4 ... | 2008 | 18817306 |
| [molecular analysis of the antigenic sequence (sbm7462®) from bm86 of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and similarity with rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum]. | the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. . diverse vaccines are produced from the intestinal protein bm86 of the rhipicephalus. (b.) microplus. the knowledge of the conservation of the gene bm86 is very important to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and the possibility of reaction crossed between different species of ticks. samples of r. (b.) microplus come from dif ... | 2008 | 20059809 |
| [elaboration and evaluation of a candidate to the dna vaccine using synthetic genes derived from the peptídeo sbm7462 against the carrapato rhiphicephalus (boophilus) microplus]. | rhiphicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most important arthropods in veterinary medicine due economic losses and health problems caused in cattle production. the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. a synthetic peptide, sbm 7462, derived from bm86, has been shown great results in control of ticks. the construction and synthesis of one nucleotide sequenc ... | 2008 | 20059811 |
| [effect of the urea fertilization in pasture on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae)]. | the objective of this study was to verify the effect of the urea fertilization in pasture on rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus population in free living stage. two groups had been made, a control group and a urea treatment group, each group with 10 lots of mombaça grass (panicum maximum cv. mombaça). in day zero had been placed 12 engorged tick females in each lot and made fertilization with urea in the dosage of 60 g in the lots of the treat group. in 27th day the grass was cutted out in 1 to ... | 2008 | 20059818 |
| host surveys, ixodid tick biology and transmission scenarios as related to the tick-borne pathogen, ehrlichia canis. | the ehrlichioses have been subject to increasing interest from veterinary and public health perspectives, but experimental studies of these diseases and their etiologic agents can be challenging. ehrlichia canis, the primary etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, is relatively well characterized and offers unique advantages and opportunities to study interactions between a monocytotropic pathogen and both its vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. historically, advances in tick-borne dise ... | 2008 | 18963493 |
| poor inheritance of low attractiveness for amblyomma variegatum in cattle. | because of the high variability of cattle infestation, selective breeding has been proposed to control three-host ticks in africa in the same way as it has been implemented to control the one-host tick boophilus microplus in australia. interbreeding (divergent selection experiment) between gudali zebu cattle was performed at the wakwa research centre, adamawa, cameroon to assess the feasibility and impact of such a selective breeding programme. fifty cows (chosen out of 129) and 2 bulls (chosen ... | 2007 | 17418491 |
| cloning and characterization of a ribosomal protein l23a from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs by immuno screening of a cdna expression library. | a primary cdna library with a size of 1.34 x 10(6) pfu was constructed from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs and was immunoscreened with rabbit anti-h. qinghaiensis serum. one clone (hq22, named following those clones obtained from adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis cdna library which we constructed before) screened from the cdna library was selected randomly for sequencing. the entire sequence of the clone was subsequently obtained using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race). a search of the ... | 2007 | 17406794 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever, colombia. | we investigated 2 fatal cases of rocky mountain spotted fever that occurred in 2003 and 2004 near the same locality in colombia where the disease was first reported in the 1930s. a retrospective serosurvey of febrile patients showed that > 21% of the serum samples had antibodies aaainst spotted fever group rickettsiae. | 2007 | 18214179 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| transovarial silencing of the subolesin gene in three-host ixodid tick species after injection of replete females with subolesin dsrna. | rna interference (rnai) has become the most powerful experimental tool for the study of gene function in ticks. subolesin, initially called 4d8, was found to be protective against tick infestations when used as a vaccine and was shown to be highly conserved among ixodid tick species at the nucleotide and protein levels. rnai caused systemic silencing of subolesin and demonstrated that this protein is involved in regulation of tick feeding, reproduction, and development. recently, these results w ... | 2007 | 17372765 |
| sequence and the developmental and tissue-specific regulation of the first complete vitellogenin messenger rna from ticks responsible for heme sequestration. | the first full-length mrna for vitellogenin (vg) from ticks was sequenced. this also represents the first complete sequence of vg from the chelicerata and of a heme binding vg. the vg cdna from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis was 5744nt in length (genbank accession number ay885250), which coded for a protein of 1843 aa with a calculated molecular weight of 208 kd. this protein had an 18 aa signal sequence, a single rxxr cleavage signal that would generate two subunits (49.5 and 157 ... | 2007 | 17368200 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| a cysteine endopeptidase from tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) larvae with vitellin digestion activity. | the hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood-sucking ectoparasite. r. microplus free-living stage comprises egg development, hatching, and subsequent larval development until encountering a host. in order to complete the embryological development, this tick relies on yolk reserve substances, mainly vitellin (vt), which is still present in the larval stage. the present study demonstrates presence and digestion of vt in unfed r. microplus larvae. an increasing proteolytic activity ... | 2007 | 17765577 |
| evaluation of the acaricide effect of thymol, menthol, salicylic acid, and methyl salicylate on boophilus microplus (canestrini 1887) (acari: ixodidae) larvae. | the tick boophilus microplus is the principal species of ectoparasite that impairs dairy cattle productivity in brazil. its control is mainly by using synthetic chemical products during its parasitic phase. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the acaricide activity of four products of natural origin. depending on solubility, tests were conducted with solutions in distilled water or emulsified in aqueous dmso at 1% of the following products: thymol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and salicylic ... | 2007 | 17487509 |
| biological activities of chamomile (matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick (acari ixodidae). | in the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers' extract was studied against engorged rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. for this purpose, the engorged females of rhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%) using "dipping method" in vitro. the engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (five ticks for each dilution) for 1 min and they were imme ... | 2007 | 17726752 |
| tick fauna from two locations in the brazilian savannah. | the cerrado is brazil's tropical savannah, which is arguably under greater threat than the amazon rainforest. the cerrado biome of tropical south america covers about 2 million km(2) and is considered a biodiversity hot spot which means that it is especially rich in endemic species and particularly threatened by human activities. the cerrado is increasingly exposed to agricultural activities which enhance the likelihood of mixing parasites from rural, urban and wildlife areas. information about ... | 2007 | 17828441 |
| immune response in mice and cattle after immunization with a boophilus microplus dna vaccine containing bm86 gene. | plasmid pbmc2 encoding antigen bm86 from a colombian strain of cattle tick boophilus microplus, was used for dna-mediated immunization of balb/c mice, employing doses of 10 and 50microg, delivered by intradermic and intramuscular routes. anti-bm86 antibody levels were significantly higher compared to control mice treated with pbs. in the evaluation of immunoglobulin isotypes, significant levels of igg2a and igg2b were observed in mice immunized with 50microg of pbmc2. measurement of interleukine ... | 2007 | 17055651 |
| detection of babesia bigemina infection in strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus collected from outbreaks in south texas. | the sudden death of several cattle infested experimentally with rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus led to a clinical investigation into the reasons for the unexpected mortality. microscopic evidence for babesia bigemina infection was found in blood smears from the affected animals and a pcr assay was designed to detect the presence of b. bigemina and babesia bovis in all r. microplus strains received and propagated at the laboratory. the assay utilizes a nested pcr approach with the first pcr a ... | 2007 | 17178440 |
| coinfection with antigenically and genetically distinct virulent strains of babesia bovis is maintained through all phases of the parasite life cycle. | antigenic polymorphism is a defining characteristic of the babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) family. sequence analysis strongly suggests that recombination between virulent strains contributes to vmsa diversity. while meiosis during the aneuploid stage of the parasite's life cycle in the tick vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most probable source of interstrain recombination, there is no definitive evidence that coinfection of the mammalian host or r. microp ... | 2007 | 17893136 |
| serial analysis of gene expression in the southern cattle tick following acaricide treatment of larvae from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains. | organophosphate resistant and susceptible tick larvae from laboratory strains of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were exposed to low doses of the organophosphate (op) acaricide, coumaphos. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to analyse differential gene expression in response to op treatment and to compare the responses of op-treated and -untreated resistant and susceptible tick larvae. an r. microplus gene index was used as an est database to identif ... | 2007 | 17257208 |
| boophilus microplus ticks found in west africa. | 2007 | 17929178 | |
| a synthetic bmti n-terminal fragment as antigen in bovine immunoprotection against the tick boophilus microplus in a pen trial. | cattle tick control remains a serious problem in cattle farms worldwide, due to the limited success achieved with chemicals. although the use of vaccines for tick control may open possibilities for an integrated approach, the search for other protective antigens is still necessary to improve control. boophilus microplus is a rich source of bmtis, serine proteinase inhibitors that are present throughout the tick's lifecycle. the present paper reports a pen trial conducted to evaluate the performa ... | 2007 | 17257592 |
| experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) by means of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni (ixodidae) collected in western canada. | canadian cattle are free of bovine anaplasmosis, with the exception of 4 isolated incursions since 1968, which were eradicated. it is not known why the disease has not become established in regions of canada adjacent to the united states where it is endemic. to assess the vector competence of wild-caught ticks in cattle-rearing regions, dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni were collected in western canada and fed on calves experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale (st. maries strain). ... | 2007 | 17955901 |
| spatial distribution of acaricide profiles (boophilus microplus strains susceptible or resistant to acaricides) in southeastern mexico. | the ability of boophilus microplus strains to be susceptible (-) or resistant (+) to amidines (am), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), and/or organo-phosphates (op) (or acaricide profiles) was investigated in 217 southeastern mexican cattle ranches (located in the states of yucatán, quintana roo, and tabasco). three questions were asked: (1) whether acaricide profiles varied at random and, if not, which one(s) explained more (or less) cases than expected, (2) whether the spatial distribution of acarici ... | 2007 | 17349747 |
| a hard tick relapsing fever group spirochete in a brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | tick-borne diseases usually comprise a complex epidemiological and ecological network connecting the vector, pathogen, and a group of host species. symptoms associated with lyme disease have been reported in brazil, but no borrelia sp. has been definitively related to these events. here we have identified a b. lonestari/b. theileri-related spirochete dna in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from brazil. four hundred r. microplus and 80 amblyomma cajennense ticks were screened, ... | 2007 | 17979536 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bartonella detected in rodent fleas in yunnan, china. | previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of bartonella spp. in rodent populations in yunnan province, china. although bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about bartonella carried by rodent fleas. in this study, bartonella dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in two of five species of rodent fleas. these included xenopsylla cheopis and ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from rattus ... | 2007 | 17984255 |
| molecular characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 homologue from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | one sequence in the est database of a midgut cdna library prepared from semi-engorged female haemaphysalis longicornis ticks has been found to be a homologue of the bm86 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. the full-length sequence containing a 1785 bp open reading fragment (orf) was obtained and designated as the hl86 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the hl86 gene shows a 37% identity to the bm86 gene. hl86 is predicted to be a gpi-anchored membrane-bound glycoprotein wi ... | 2007 | 17363170 |
| differential protein expression in ovaries of uninfected and babesia-infected southern cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | we used gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to investigate differences in protein expression in ovarian tissues from babesia bovis-infected and uninfected southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. soluble and membrane proteins were extracted from ovaries of adult female ticks, and analyzed by isoelectric focusing (ief) and one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. protein patterns were analyzed for differences in expression between infected and uninfect ... | 2007 | 17967348 |
| cattle ticks of the genera rhipicephalus and amblyomma of economic importance in tanzania: distribution assessed with gis based on an extensive field survey. | in order to implement a robust integrated tick and tick-borne disease control programme in tanzania, based on ecological and epidemiological knowledge of ticks and their associated diseases, a national tick and sero-surveillance study was carried out in all 21 regions of the mainland, as well as on mafia island, between 1998 and 2001. the current distributions of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. pravus, amblyomma variegatum, a. gemma, and a. lepidum are illustrated and discussed. tick distributi ... | 2007 | 18044004 |
| r86q, a mutation in bmache3 yielding a rhipicephalus microplus organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. | mutations were identified in the cdna sequence encoding the acetylcholinesterase bmache3 in strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) resistant or susceptible to organophosphate (op) acaricide. the mutation that occurred most frequently in the op-resistant san román strain resulted in a substitution of glutamine (q) for arginine (r) at position 86 in bmache3 (position 66 in mature bmache). clones containing the mutant and wild-type cdna sequences were expressed in the baculovir ... | 2007 | 18047200 |
| mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling tick [riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus] resistance on bovine chromosomes 5, 7 and 14. | differences in domestication and selection processes have contributed to considerable phenotypic and genotypic differences between bos taurus and bos indicus cattle breeds. of particular interest in tropical and subtropical production environments are those genetic differences between subspecies that underlie the phenotypic extremes in tolerance and susceptibility to parasite infection. in general, b. taurus cattle are more susceptible to ectoparasites than b. indicus cattle in tropical environm ... | 2007 | 17894560 |
| acaricide rotation strategy for managing resistance in the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acarina: ixodidae): laboratory experiment with a field strain from costa rica. | during the past two decades, resistance to pyrethroids within the cattle tick genus boophilus has caused tick control problems in various tropical countries, mainly in latin america, southern africa, australia, and new caledonia. a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) strain from costa rica, exhibiting resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin but only a very low resistance to organophosphates (op) was kept under selection pressure for 9 to 11 generations by using deltamethrin or cou ... | 2007 | 17915514 |
| characterization of permethrin-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from the state of coahuila, mexico. | southern cattle ticks, boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), collected in coahuila, mexico, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. discriminating concentration (dc) tests at the lc99 and 2x the lc99 of susceptible ticks produced 0 and 0.5% mortality, respectively, for permethrin. however, measured mortalities for coumaphos and amitraz acaricides were within the expected ranges. polymerase chain reaction analysis of this strain detected a 99% frequency of homozygous resistan ... | 2007 | 17915523 |
| global comparative analysis of ests from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is an economically important parasite of cattle and can transmit several pathogenic microorganisms to its cattle host during the feeding process. understanding the biology and genomics of r. microplus is critical to developing novel methods for controlling these ticks. | 2007 | 17935616 |
| a mitochondrial exopolyphosphatase activity modulated by phosphate demand in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo. | this study describes exopolyphosphatases (ppx) activity in mitochondria of rhipicephalus microplus embryos. mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation and ppx activity was analyzed through the hydrolysis of the substrate polyphosphate (poly p(15)). we investigated the influence of nadh, nad+, pi and adp in a concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mm. poly p hydrolysis was stimulated about two-fold by nadh and strongly inhibited by pi. the ppx activity also increased in the presence of the ... | 2007 | 17785198 |
| a thrombin inhibitor from the gut of boophilus microplus ticks. | a thrombin inhibitor was identified for the first time in the gut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. here we present the partial purification and characterization of this new molecule, which was purified from the gut extract by three chromatographic steps: ion-exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography in a thrombin-sepharose resin. in sds-page the inhibitor showed an apparent molecular mass of circa 26 kda, which is different from the two thrombin inhibitors present in the saliva ... | 2007 | 17710557 |
| identification of point mutations in a putative carboxylesterase and their association with acaricide resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | chemical control based on the use of pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds has selected resistant genotypes in populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. point mutations in esterase-encoding genes represent one of the main resistance mechanisms in this species. in this study, the pcr-rflp (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique was used to investigate the presence of mutations in a fragment of a putative carboxylesterase in a population of ticks ... | 2007 | 17643821 |
| mutations in a putative octopamine receptor gene in amitraz-resistant cattle ticks. | the mode of action of amitraz is thought to be its toxic effects on a receptor for a neuromodulator, octopamine. resistance could arise from modifications of this receptor so that it would not be affected by amitraz. a putative octopamine receptor cdna was cloned and sequenced from a cattle tick in australia. however, when the sequence was compared between australian strains of amitraz-susceptible and resistant ticks, no differences were detected. we have sequenced this putative octopamine recep ... | 2007 | 17662534 |
| acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the control of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), in mexico and many other countries relies on chemical acaricides. boophilus microplus has developed resistance to all major classes of acaricides in recent years. to gain a better understanding of the resistance and to develop resistance management strategies that benefit both mexican ranchers and usda's cattle fever tick eradication program (cftep), the authors used larval bioassay techniques to determine levels of resis ... | 2007 | 17665370 |
| acaricidal properties of extracts from the aerial parts of hypericum polyanthemum on the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick boophilus microplus to determine the toxicity of n-hexane and crude methanolic extracts of hypericum polyanthemum (guttiferae) using the larval immersion test (lit) and adult immersion test (ait). in the ait, the effectiveness of treatment against engorged females was assessed by measuring egg production: the n-hexane extract was found to have a small effect on the egg laying at the highest concentration (19.2% of egg-layi ... | 2007 | 17475407 |
| [evaluation of the biological control potential of metarhizium anisopliae toward boophilus microplus in pen trials]. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control boophilus microplus tick in pen trials. infested calves were held in individual pen and treated with fungus suspension through aspersion bath. the results were evaluated based on ticks' mortality rate for 28 days after treatment, and on the analysis of biology of tick's samples which were transferred to an incubation chamber. it was reported 33% of mortality during the total period analyzed, ... | 2007 | 18373901 |
| acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from copaifera reticulata (leguminosae: caesalpinioideae) against larvae of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the acaricidal activity of oleoresinous extract (oleoresin) from the copaiba tree, copaifera reticulata was investigated. oleoresin was dissolved with dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and mixed with distilled water at a rate of 0.4 ml of dmso to 24.6 ml water. rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae were exposed to filter paper envelopes impregnated with different oleoresin concentrations. four envelopes were impregnated with each tested solution. thirty larvae between 14 and 21 days old were fasted ... | 2007 | 17478043 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae (hyphomycetes) for the control of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on naturally infested cattle in the mexican tropics. | the efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae on the control of boophilus microplus in cattle infested naturally in the mexican tropics was evaluated. the study was carried out on a ranch in veracruz, mexico. twenty steers were randomly allocated into two groups of 10 cattle. animals were naturally infested with b. microplus. animals in the treated group were sprayed with m. anisopliae (strain ma34) at a concentration of 1x10(8)conidia/ml every 15 days (four treatments). the other group remained as unt ... | 2007 | 17513054 |
| accumulation of acaricide resistance mechanisms in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) populations from new caledonia island. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus has been pesticide-controlled for several decades in the pacific island of new caledonia. since 1996, pesticide-control has been based on either deltamethrin (butox) or amitraz (taktic) in herds harbouring deltamethrin-resistant ticks. in this island, the first r. microplus deltamethrin- and amitraz-resistances were detected in 1992 and 2003, respectively. using lpt bioassays, we have undertaken to update data regarding the geographical distribution and the ph ... | 2007 | 17560723 |
| first report of permethrin-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected within the united states. | boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), collected in hidalgo county, tx, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. discriminating dose (dd) tests at the lc99 and 2x the lc99 of susceptible ticks yielded lower than expected mortalities for permethrin but not for coumaphos or amitraz acaricides. initial bioassay results confirmed the pyrethroid resistance detected in the dd assays. two generations of selection with permethrin at a rate > 60% increased the measured resistance ratio ... | 2007 | 17427702 |
| efficacy of a single doramectin injection against adult female boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the final stages of engorgement before detachment. | the efficacy of injectable doramectin applied at 200 microg/kg was evaluated against adult female boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) in the later stages of engorgement before detachment. lethal levels of doramectin in the serum of treated cattle (9.7-36.6 ppb) were reached and sustained within 24 h after treatment. however, treatment at 19 or 20 d postinfestation allowed greater tick survival and reproductive capability (if) than at 18 d postinfestation, indicating that a signifi ... | 2007 | 17427697 |
| [biological characteristics of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on dog under experimental infestation]. | boophilus microplus, a common parasite of cattle, has eventually reported in dogs. to describe biological features of this parasitism, one dog was experimentally infested with 10,000 larvae of b. microplus which were previously held in acclimatized camera at 27+/-1 degrees c and relative humidity up to 80%. the mean of parasitic phase was 24.4+/-1.50 days, with 0.42% of recovery rate. of 21 natural detached b. microplus females, six engorged enough (75.1+/-30.23 mg) to achieve posture. the mean ... | 2007 | 18373903 |
| [isolation of a field strain of babesia bigemina (piroplasma: babesiidae) and establishment of in vitro culture for antigen production]. | isolation of a field strain of babesia bigemina (piroplasma: babesiidae) and establishment of in vitro culture for antigen production. bovine b abesiosis, caused by babesia bigemina, is a barrier for livestock development; it results in high economic loss to mexican livestock. control requires adequate antigens for diagnosis and vaccination programs. however, because of antigenic variation among babesia strains, it is necessary to use antigens prepared from local strains. the purpose of the pres ... | 2007 | 18457120 |
| trace amine-associated receptor 1-family archetype or iconoclast? | interest has recently been rekindled in receptors that are activated by low molecular weight, noncatecholic, biogenic amines that are typically found as trace constituents of various vertebrate and invertebrate tissues and fluids. the timing of this resurgent focus on receptors activated by the "trace amines" (ta) beta-phenylethylamine (pea), tyramine (tyr), octopamine (oct), synephrine (syn), and tryptamine (tryp) is the direct result of 2 publications that appeared in 2001 describing the cloni ... | 2007 | 17888514 |
| species diversity and seasonality of free-living ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the natural habitat of wild marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus) in southeastern brazil. | this study evaluated the presence and seasonal activity of free-living ticks in remaining marsh areas by the paraná river, in brazil. eight field trips (once per season) for collection of ticks were performed during 2 years. using co2 traps, dragging, and visual inspection of vegetation, five free-living tick species were collected, in the following order of abundance: amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma dubitatum, amblyomma triste, amblyomma coelebs, and amblyomma nodosum. the seasonal pattern of a ... | 2007 | 16962241 |
| anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain. | twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ... | 2007 | 17049686 |
| oxidative stress impairs heme detoxification in the midgut of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus digestion of blood is intracellular, accomplished by the so-called digest cells that fill the midgut lumen. hydrolysis of hemoglobin in the digestive vesicles of these cells results in the release of large amounts of heme, a pro-oxidant compound, whose iron atom, together with h(2)o(2), may participate in the fenton reaction and lead to the production of hydroxyl radicals. here, we investigated the role of catalase, an enzyme responsible for ... | 2007 | 17123644 |
| transovarial transmission efficiency of babesia bovis tick stages acquired by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus during acute infection. | the protozoan parasite babesia bovis, a reemerging threat to u.s. cattle, is acquired by adult female ticks of the subgenus boophilus and is transovarially transmitted as the kinete stage to developing larval offspring. sporozoites develop within larvae and are transmitted during larval feeding on a bovine host. this study evaluated the efficiency of b. bovis infection within rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus following acquisition feeding on acutely parasitemic cattle. parasite levels were qua ... | 2007 | 17166964 |
| gene silencing of the tick protective antigens, bm86, bm91 and subolesin, in the one-host tick boophilus microplus by rna interference. | the use of rna interference (rnai) to assess gene function has been demonstrated in several three-host tick species but adaptation of rnai to the one-host tick, boophilus microplus, has not been reported. we evaluated the application of rnai in b. microplus and the effect of gene silencing on three tick-protective antigens: bm86, bm91 and subolesin. gene-specific double-stranded (dsrna) was injected into two tick stages, freshly molted unfed and engorged females, and specific gene silencing was ... | 2007 | 17196597 |
| new tick defensin isoform and antimicrobial gene expression in response to rickettsia montanensis challenge. | recent studies aimed at elucidating the rickettsia-tick interaction have discovered that the spotted fever group rickettsia rickettsia montanensis, a relative of r. rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, induces differential gene expression patterns in the ovaries of the hard tick dermacentor variabilis. here we describe a new defensin isoform, defensin-2, and the expression patterns of genes for three antimicrobials, defensin-1 (vsna1), defensin-2, and lysozyme, in the ... | 2007 | 17261604 |
| direct and indirect inferences on parasite mating and gene transmission patterns. pangamy in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | mating system plays a determinant role in the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation. difficulties in applying standard methods of indirect inferences onto parasitic life-cycles partly explain the current lack of knowledge on parasite mating systems. the present study develops a combination of direct and indirect inference methods circumventing such difficulties, and illustrates in particular how such a combination modifies our understanding of the biology of the southern cattle tick, ... | 2007 | 17215171 |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| the effects of salivary gland extracts from boophilus microplus ticks on mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from the tick boophilus microplus was examined in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. sge was added to lymphocytes of seven cattle together with the mitogens concanavalin a (cona), phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). semi-purified b cells from another seven cattle were stimulated with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps). pha and cona stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes to the same extent, but the inhibition due to sge of boop ... | 2007 | 17221366 |
| effects of solvents and surfactant agents on the female and larvae of cattle tick boophilus microplus. | many natural compounds have low water solubility and need to be dissolved in organic solvents, or surfactant agents must be used before addition into experimental systems. therefore, it is necessary to determine their toxicity. experiments were performed aiming to select solvents to be used in the bioassays, searching new acaricide agents from plants. laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick boophilus microplus to determine the sensibility of b. microplus female ... | 2007 | 17237954 |
| rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of dermacentor andersoni, does not elicit or inhibit humoral immune responses from immunocompetent d. andersoni or ixodes scapularis cell lines. | ixodes scapularis and dermacentor andersoni cell lines were stimulated with heat-killed escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus to investigate whether infection by rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of d. andersoni, modifies humoral immune responses. radial diffusion assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription pcr were used to determine if expression of bacteriolytic peptides, including lysozyme and defensin, was upregulated by bacterial stimulation or inf ... | 2007 | 17428539 |
| progress in the epidemiology and diagnosis of amitraz resistance in the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | amitraz is a rapidly acting acaricide that has been in use for the control of cattle ticks for more than 30 years. resistance against amitraz was first reported in boophilus microplus in australia in 1980 but has been slow to spread in comparison to resistance against synthetic pyrethroids. the most recent estimate of prevalence of amitraz resistance in australia is 10.8%. in mexico, the development and distribution of amitraz appears to have been more rapid and the prevalence has been estimated ... | 2007 | 17448604 |
| comparison of duplex pcr and microscopic techniques for the identification of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus. | a single-step duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique and traditional microscopic examination of haemolymph smears were used to detect babesia bigemina and/or babesia bovis infection in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus recovered from calves raised in an endemic area of the state of minas gerais, brazil. in the pcr amplification of tick-derived dna, pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for a 278-bp sequence from b. bigemina and for a 350-bp sequence from b. bovis were us ... | 2007 | 17456146 |
| relationship between glutathione s-transferase, catalase, oxygen consumption, lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acarina: ixodidae). | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are enzymes that act in excretion of physiologic and xenobiotic substances, protecting cells against chemical toxicity and stress. in this work, we characterized the enzymatic activity of gst in eggs and larvae of cattle tick boophilus microplus, on different days after oviposition and eclosion. the results showed that the gst activity varied depending on the time elapsed after oviposition and eclosion. molecules involved in mechanism of protection from oxidativ ... | 2007 | 16798037 |
| irae: an asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) in the gut of the hard tick ixodes ricinus. | ticks are ectoparasitic blood-feeders and important vectors for pathogens including arboviruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes and protozoa. as obligate blood-feeders, one possible strategy to retard disease transmission is disruption of the parasite's ability to digest host proteins. however, the constituent peptidases in the parasite gut and their potential interplay in the digestion of the blood meal are poorly understood. we have characterised a novel asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) from the ... | 2007 | 17336985 |
| a combined bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approach for the development of new antiparasitic drugs. | a modern concept for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs is the combination of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics approaches. this covers, for example, the identification of target proteins serving as molecular points of attack for parasiticides--the idea is that, owing to some essential role, inhibition of a target protein should eradicate the parasite. to prevent toxicity problems for vertebrate host organisms, it is advantageous that these proteins show significant differences from ... | 2007 | 17070005 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of paraguay. | the ticks reported in paraguay, which are here reviewed, can be categorized as 'endemic or established' (argas persicus or a sibling species, ornithodoros hasei, o. rostratus, o. rudis, o. talaje/o. puertoricensis, amblyomma aureolatum, am. auricularium, am. brasiliense, am. cajennense, am. calcaratum, am. coelebs, am. dissimile, am. dubitatum, am. incisum, am. longirostre, am. nodosum, am. ovale, am. pacae, am. parvum, am. pseudoconcolor, am. rotundatum, am. scutatum, am. tigrinum, am. triste, ... | 2007 | 17362600 |
| vaccination of cattle with tickgard induces cross-reactive antibodies binding to conserved linear peptides of bm86 homologues in boophilus decoloratus. | vaccines based on recombinant bm86 gut antigen from boophilus microplus are a useful component of integrated control strategies against b. microplus infestations of cattle. the capacity of such vaccines to control heterologous infestations by two african tick species was investigated. the mean weight of engorged female ticks and mean egg mass per tick were significantly reduced in b. decoloratus infestations, but there was no effect of the vaccine against adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus. we c ... | 2007 | 17070625 |
| validation of candidate bovine reference genes for use with real-time pcr. | accurate quantification with real-time pcr requires the use of stable endogenous controls. recently, there has been much debate concerning the stability of commonly used reference or housekeeping genes. to address this concern, a number of statistical approaches have been designed to analyse data and assist in determining the most appropriate reference genes for experimental comparisons. in this study, three programs, bestkeeper, norm finder, and genorm were used to assess four candidate referen ... | 2007 | 17074403 |
| purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | the present study was conducted to identify new target immunogenic molecules from the larval stage of the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae). two specific larval glycoproteins (glps) were isolated by two-step affinity chromatography. the larval immunogens were first purified with cnbr-sepharose coupled to rabbit anti-larval immunoglobulins, and the glycoproteins were then purified with con-a sepharose. these glycoproteins have molecular weights of approximately 32 and 15 kda with ... | 2007 | 17519572 |
| are caenorhabditis elegans receptors useful targets for drug discovery: pharmacological comparison of tyramine receptors with high identity from c. elegans (tyra-2) and brugia malayi (bm4). | the biogenic amine, tyramine (ta), modulates a number of key processes in nematodes and a number of ta-specific receptors have been identified. in the present study, we have identified a putative ta receptor (bm4) in the recently completed brugia malayi genome and compared its pharmacology to its putative caenorhabditis elegans orthologue, tyra-2, under identical expression and assay conditions. tyra-2 and bm4 are the most closely related c. elegans and b. malayi ba receptors and differ by only ... | 2007 | 17537528 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| current status of veterinary vaccines. | the major goals of veterinary vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. these diverse aims have led to different approaches to the development of veterinary vaccines from crude but effective whole-pathogen preparations to molecularly defined subunit vaccines, genetically engineered organisms or chimeras, vectored antigen formula ... | 2007 | 17630337 |
| persistently infected calves as reservoirs for acquisition and transovarial transmission of babesia bovis by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | babesia bovis is a deadly disease of cattle resulting in severe economic losses in the vast regions of the world where it is endemic. if reintroduced into the united states, babesiosis would cause significant mortality in the naïve cattle population. in order to address the risk to u.s. cattle, it is essential to quantify the transovarial transmission efficiency in adult female boophilus microplus ticks following acquisition feeding on persistently infected cattle. this study tested the hypothes ... | 2007 | 17687016 |
| a ten-year review of commercial vaccine performance for control of tick infestations on cattle. | ticks are important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and tick infestations economically impact cattle production worldwide. control of cattle tick infestations has been primarily by application of acaricides which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. herein we discuss data from tick vaccine application in australia, cuba, mexico and other latin american countries. commercial tick vaccines for cattle based on the boophilus microplus bm86 gut antigen ... | 2007 | 17692140 |
| immunologic and molecular identification of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northern mexico. | the suitability of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) as hosts for the cattle ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, has been well documented. these ticks have a wide host range, and both transmit babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, the agents responsible for bovine babesiosis. although this disease and its vectors have been eradicated from the united states and some states in northern mexico, it still is a problem in other mexican states. it i ... | 2007 | 17699089 |
| goats as alternative hosts of cattle ticks. | the objective of this study was to compare the presence on goats and cattle of adult ticks that usually infest cattle. to this end ticks collected from sets of five goats were compared with those collected from sets of five cattle at 72 communal dip-tanks in the eastern region of the eastern cape province. amblyomma hebraeum was present on goats at 25 and on cattle at 39 dip-tanks, and a total of 61 goats and 138 cattle were infested. adult rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was present on goat ... | 2007 | 17708147 |
| an insight into the sialome of the blood-sucking bug triatoma infestans, a vector of chagas' disease. | triatoma infestans is a hemiptera, vector of chagas' disease that feeds exclusively on vertebrate blood in all life stages. hematophagous insects' salivary glands (sg) produce potent pharmacological compounds that counteract host hemostasis, including anticlotting, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory molecules. to obtain a further insight into the salivary biochemical and pharmacological complexity of this insect, a cdna library from its sg was randomly sequenced. also, salivary proteins were submitt ... | 2007 | 18207082 |
| an annotated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. to expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fevers, we analyzed a set of 4,232 expressed sequence tags from cdna libraries of ... | 2007 | 17204158 |
| an insight into the sialotranscriptome of the seed-feeding bug, oncopeltus fasciatus. | the salivary transcriptome of the seed-feeding hemipteran, oncopeltus fasciatus (milkweed bug), is described following assembly of 1025 expressed sequence tags (ests) into 305 clusters of related sequences. inspection of these sequences reveals abundance of low complexity, putative secreted products rich in the amino acids (aa) glycine, serine or threonine, which might function as silk or mucins and assist food canal lubrication and sealing of the feeding site around the mouthparts. several prot ... | 2007 | 17681229 |
| crop and pasture response to climate change. | we review recent research of importance to understanding crop and pasture plant species response to climate change. topics include plant response to elevated co(2) concentration, interactions with climate change variables and air pollutants, impacts of increased climate variability and frequency of extreme events, the role of weeds and pests, disease and animal health, issues in biodiversity, and vulnerability of soil carbon pools. we critically analyze the links between fundamental knowledge at ... | 2007 | 18077401 |
| the mitochondrial genome of phallusia mammillata and phallusia fumigata (tunicata, ascidiacea): high genome plasticity at intra-genus level. | within chordata, the subphyla vertebrata and cephalochordata (lancelets) are characterized by a remarkable stability of the mitochondrial (mt) genome, with constancy of gene content and almost invariant gene order, whereas the limited mitochondrial data on the subphylum tunicata suggest frequent and extensive gene rearrangements, observed also within ascidians of the same genus. | 2007 | 17764550 |
| biglutaminyl-biliverdin ix alpha as a heme degradation product in the dengue fever insect-vector aedes aegypti. | hemoglobin digestion in the midgut of hematophagous animals results in the release of its prosthetic group, heme, which is a pro-oxidant molecule. heme enzymatic degradation is a protective mechanism that has been described in several organisms, including plants, bacteria, and mammals. this reaction is catalyzed by heme oxygenase and results in formation of carbon monoxide, ferrous ion, and biliverdin ixalpha. during digestion, a large amount of a green pigment is produced and secreted into the ... | 2007 | 17508725 |
| an improved implementation of codon adaptation index. | codon adaptation index is a widely used index for characterizing gene expression in general and translation efficiency in particular. current computational implementations have a number of problems leading to various systematic biases. i illustrate these problems and provide a better computer implementation to solve these problems. the improved cai can predict protein production better than cai from other commonly used implementations. | 2007 | 19461982 |
| insect sodium channels and insecticide resistance. | voltage-gated sodium channels are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials (i.e., electrical impulses) in excitable cells. although most of our knowledge about sodium channels is derived from decades of studies of mammalian isoforms, research on insect sodium channels is revealing both common and unique aspects of sodium channel biology. in particular, our understanding of the molecular dynamics and pharmacology of insect sodium channels has advanced greatly in recent ye ... | 2007 | 17206406 |
| critical evaluation of the modified-adult immersion test with discriminating dose bioassay for boophilus microplus using american and australian isolates. | similar adult immersion tests (aits) for acaricide susceptibility of boophilus microplus were done in texas, usa (muñoz strain) and in queensland, australia (n-strain and ultimo isolates). engorged adult female ticks were immersed in one of a series of dilutions of commercial acaricide in water and then incubated at room temperature for 7 days. data on oviposition were collected 7 days after exposure to acaricide and subjected to probit analysis. for most data, we observed poor fit to the probit ... | 2007 | 17433549 |
| a comparison of three bioassay techniques to determine amitraz susceptibility in boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the ability of the miller, soberanes, and white bioassay techniques to describe amitraz susceptibility in three different strains of boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) was compared. for a susceptible strain, all techniques adequately described amitraz susceptibility by producing a full range of mortality that corresponded with increasing concentration of amitraz. however, when resistant strains were evaluated, only the miller and the soberanes techniques adequately estimated the ... | 2007 | 17427698 |
| cell death during preoviposition period in boophilus microplus tick. | programmed cell death (pcd) is present during the development of multicellular organisms and occurs from embryogenesis to death. in females of boophilus microplus, the mass of several organs is reduced after the detachment from the host. in order to better characterize the cell death process that eliminates unnecessary tissues, the degeneration of salivary glands, ovaries and synganglia was investigated using dna fragmentation in agarose gel, comet and tunel assays, and apoptosis activation path ... | 2007 | 17157985 |
| glucose metabolism during embryogenesis of the hard tick boophilus microplus. | glucose metabolism plays an essential role in the physiology and development of almost all living organisms. in the present study we investigated glucose metabolism during the embryogenesis of the hard tick boophilus microplus. an increase in glucose and glycogen content during the embryonic development of b. microplus was detected and shown to be due to the high enzyme activity of both gluconeogenesis and glycolytic pathways. glucose 6-phosphate (g-6p), formed by hexokinase, is driven mainly to ... | 2007 | 16904922 |
| homology within the x chromosomes of boophilus microplus (canestrini) and b. annulatus (say). | chromosome banding patterns of the x chromosomes of boophilus annulatus (say) and b. microplus (canestrini) indicate considerable homology between the two species. all bands of the small x chromosome of b. microplus are represented in the large x chromosome of b. annulatus with the exception of one medially located dark band. a large region of material proximal to the centromere and a small segment located at the telomere of the large x chromosome of b. annulatus are not represented in the small ... | 2007 | 8228176 |
| kinetics of energy source utilization in boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) (acari: ixodidae) embryonic development. | the present work evaluates the kinetics of utilization of the main potential energy sources throughout the embryonic developmental stages of boophilus microplus. the embryonic development of this arthropod is completed in 21 days. cellularization of the blastoderm occurs on the 6th day and is rapidly followed by germ band extension and segmentation, whose first signs are visible on the 7th day. cellularization is typically a maternal-driven process, carried out by molecular determinants deposite ... | 2006 | 16569482 |
| characteristics of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) rrna genes of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera): structure, organization, and retrotransposable elements. | as an accompanying manuscript to the release of the honey bee genome, we report the entire sequence of the nuclear (18s, 5.8s, 28s and 5s) and mitochondrial (12s and 16s) ribosomal rna (rrna)-encoding gene sequences (rdna) and related internally and externally transcribed spacer regions of apis mellifera (insecta: hymenoptera: apocrita). additionally, we predict secondary structures for the mature rrna molecules based on comparative sequence analyses with other arthropod taxa and reference to re ... | 2006 | 17069639 |
| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against babesia bovis. | a previously developed competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on a species-specific, broadly conserved, and tandemly repeated b-cell epitope within the c terminus of rhoptry-associated protein 1 of babesia bovis was refined and validated for use internationally. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an assay with a specificity and positive predictive value of 100% and a sensitivity of 91.1%, with various negative predictive values depending on the level of dis ... | 2006 | 16957062 |
| larval immersion tests with ivermectin in populations of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) from state of sao paulo, brazil. | larval immersion tests (lit) with commercial formulation of ivermectin were carried out with larvae of two field populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from commercial dairy farms of the state of sao paulo, brazil and a susceptible strain (porto alegre) to differentiate resistant-suspected and susceptible strains. one of the populations tested (barra alegre) showed a lc(50) value significantly higher than the susceptible strain and a resistance ratio (ci95%) of 3.78 (3.47-4.12), lead ... | 2006 | 16904265 |
| association of bola-drb3.2 alleles with tick (boophilus microplus) resistance in cattle. | losses caused by bovine tick burdens in tropical countries have a tremendous economic impact on production systems. besides reducing production, this parasite can cause death in the most susceptible animals. the use of commercial acaricides has been the major method of control, but their misuse has led to tick resistance to many chemicals. more recently, vaccines have been used in some countries without solving the problem completely. an alternative could be the development of resistant animals ... | 2006 | 17117367 |
| the efficiency of extracts of dahlstedtia pentaphylla (leguminosae, papilionoidae, millettiedae) on boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887) in artificially infested bovines. | tests were conducted to assess the efficiency of the roots of dahlstedtia pentaphylla (taub.) burk. (leguminosae, papilionoideae, millettiae) plant against infestations of boophilus microplus (canestrini, 1887). these tests were performed on 30 bovine animals in the paraíba valley, state of são paulo, brazil, divided into three groups (control, extract diluted at 1:10 ml and extract diluted at 1:20 ml), after artificial infestation with some 4000 larvae/animal on days -21, -14, -7, -1, 0, 7 and ... | 2006 | 16904267 |
| baculovirus expression of bmache3, a cdna encoding an acetylcholinesterase of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the complete cdna sequence encoding a boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) acetylcholinesterase (ache3) was expressed in the baculovirus system. the recombinant ache3 protein (rbmache3) was secreted as a soluble form into the cell culture medium and was identified as a functional ache by substrate specificity and by inhibition with the ache-specific inhibitors eserine sulfate and bw284c51. inhibition kinetics of rbmache3, in the presence of the organophosphate paraoxon, revealed se ... | 2006 | 16892628 |
| catalytic advantages provided by selenocysteine in methionine-s-sulfoxide reductases. | methionine sulfoxide reductases are key enzymes that repair oxidatively damaged proteins. two distinct stereospecific enzyme families are responsible for this function: msra (methionine-s-sulfoxide reductase) and msrb (methionine-r-sulfoxide reductase). in the present study, we identified multiple selenoprotein msra sequences in organisms from bacteria to animals. we characterized the selenocysteine (sec)-containing chlamydomonas msra and found that this protein exhibited 10-50-fold higher activ ... | 2006 | 17105189 |