Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| analyses of the roles of the three chea homologs in chemotaxis of vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio cholerae genome revealed the presence of multiple sets of chemotaxis genes, including three chea gene homologs. we found that the chea-2, but not chea-1 or chea-3, gene is essential for chemotaxis under standard conditions. loss of chemotaxis had no effect on virulence factor expression in vitro. | 2002 | 11872729 |
| increased levels of inflammatory mediators in children and adults infected with vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | investigations were carried out to study the production of factors associated with the innate immune response in the systemic and mucosal compartments in adults and children infected with vibrio cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139. the levels of nonspecific mediators of the innate defense system, i.e., prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)), and lactoferrin (lf), as well as myeloperoxidase (mpo), were elevated at the acute stage of the disease in stools obtained from both o1- and o1 ... | 2002 | 11874856 |
| sensitive microplate assay for detection of bactericidal antibodies to vibrio cholerae o139. | a microplate assay for the detection of bactericidal antibodies to vibrio cholerae o139 is described. the assay is sensitive, highly reproducible, specific, and convenient to perform. it has been used to demonstrate the induction of serum bactericidal antibodies in vietnamese recipients of an oral, inactivated, bivalent o1/o139 vaccine, as well as in bangladeshi patients with o139 disease. in both study groups there was a significant inverse correlation between the preexposure level of antibodie ... | 2002 | 11874883 |
| a kinetic model of intermediate formation during assembly of cholera toxin b-subunit pentamers. | cholera toxin is the most important virulence factor produced by vibrio cholerae. the pentameric b-subunit of the toxin can bind to gm1-ganglioside receptors, leading to toxin entry into mammalian cells. here, the in vitro disassembly and reassembly of ctxb(5) (the b subunit pentamer of cholera toxin) is investigated. when ctxb(5) was acidified at ph 1.0 and then neutralized, the b-subunits disassembled and could no longer migrate as sds-stable pentamers on polyacrylamide gels or be captured by ... | 2002 | 11877421 |
| comparative genomic analysis of vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. | historically, the first six recorded cholera pandemics occurred between 1817 and 1923 and were caused by vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup strains of the classical biotype. although strains of the el tor biotype caused sporadic infections and cholera epidemics as early as 1910, it was not until 1961 that this biotype emerged to cause the 7th pandemic, eventually resulting in the global elimination of classical biotype strains as a cause of disease. the completed genome sequence of 7th pandemic el tor ... | 2002 | 11818571 |
| contribution of the adp-ribosylating and receptor-binding properties of cholera-like enterotoxins in modulating cytokine secretion by human intestinal epithelial cells. | when epithelial cells first encounter cholera toxin (ctx) produced by vibrio cholerae they secrete not only chloride ions responsible for causing diarrhoea, but also a number of cytokines that may contribute to the toxin's potent immunomodulatory properties. much less is known about the ability of the heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli (etx), a close homologue of ctx, to elicit cytokine secretion by epithelial cells. this study shows that treatment of human intestinal epithelial t84 cel ... | 2002 | 11882700 |
| zonula occludens toxin (zot) interferes with the induction of nasal tolerance to gliadin. | both nasal and oral administration of soluble protein antigens (ags) induce tolerance, a phenomenon that has hampered mucosal vaccine design. to produce active immunity the use of adjuvants co-administered with soluble ags is required. cholera toxin (ct) and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) were found to be powerful mucosal adjuvants, but they are not suitable for clinical use because of their associated toxicity. therefore, there is the need to develop alternative strategies to del ... | 2002 | 11947928 |
| misidentification of vibrio cholerae o155 isolated from imported shrimp as o serogroup o139 due to cross-agglutination with commercial o139 antisera. | fish and shellfish products imported into denmark are routinely analyzed for pathogenic vibrio spp., particularly vibrio cholerae, if products originate from subtropical or tropical areas. a v. cholerae strain that agglutinated commercial o139 antiserum but not the o1, inaba, or ogawa antisera was isolated from imported raw frozen shrimp. the toxigenicity of the strain was analyzed, and the results of a polymerase chain reaction showed that the v. cholerae strain did not contain the virulence ge ... | 2002 | 11952217 |
| identification of novel factors involved in colonization and acid tolerance of vibrio cholerae. | despite over 100 years of study, the intestinal pathogen vibrio cholerae still causes epidemic disease in areas of the world where there is poor sanitation. while cholera toxin and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) are known to be essential for full virulence, the role that other factors play has remained ill-defined. herein, we describe a large-scale signature-tagged mutagenesis (stm) screen utilizing 100 pools of 96 mutants each to identify factors involved in colonization of the infant mouse ... | 2002 | 11952899 |
| toxr interferes with crp-dependent transcriptional activation of ompt in vibrio cholerae. | in pathogenic vibrio cholerae, the transmembrane dna-binding protein toxr co-ordinates the expression of over 20 genes, including those encoding important virulence factors such as cholera toxin and the toxin-co-regulated pilus. the outer membrane protein ompt is the only member of the toxr regulon known to be repressed by toxr. in this study, we examined the environmental conditions that regulate ompt expression and demonstrated that ompt transcription is upregulated 14-fold when the bacteria e ... | 2002 | 11952906 |
| bacterial resistance evolution by recruitment of super-integron gene cassettes. | the capture and spread of antibiotic resistance determinants by integrons underlies the rapid evolution of multiple antibiotic resistance among diverse gram-negative clinical isolates. the association of multiple resistance integrons (mris) with mobile dna elements facilitates their transit across phylogenetic boundaries and augments the potential impact of integrons on bacterial evolution. recently, ancestral chromosomal versions, the super-integrons (sis), were found to be genuine components o ... | 2002 | 11952913 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a unique beta-glucosidase from vibrio cholerae. | we have recently reported the molecular cloning of a gene, gspk, in vibrio cholerae that encodes a specific glucosamine kinase. we describe here the identification of bgla, a gene contiguous to gspk in a presumptive large chitin catabolic operon. bgla was molecularly cloned into escherichia coli, and the protein bgla was overexpressed and purified to apparent homogeneity. bgla is 65 kda (574 amino acids) with an n-terminal amino acid sequence predicted by the gene sequence, suggesting that the e ... | 2002 | 12042307 |
| [aspects of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide]. | in this review information on the chemical structure, biosynthesis, antigenic and biological properties of v. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) is presented. the specific structural feature of this lps is a small size of the polysaccharide chain of o-antigen. in vibrios of serogroup o 139 it is oligosaccharide. the modification of the o-chain (methylation of individual sugars, shortened chain, etc.) plays an essential role in the antigenic specificity of v. cholerae lps. all these factors affect ... | 2002 | 12043141 |
| [vibrio cholerae 01, variant eltor, in the environment]. | the possibilities of the autochthonous existence of v. cholerae in open water reservoirs, depending on the combined effect of different biotic and abiotic factors are considered. the role of adaptive variability of v. cholerae o1, biovar eltor for its preservation in the environment is emphasized. the data on the duration of the v. cholerae o1 isolation from different environmental objects in some regions of ukraine are presented. | 2002 | 12043145 |
| [cholera in kazan. organization and implementation of cholera control interventions]. | data on emergent epidemiological analysis of the cholera outbreak in kazan are presented. a version of the cholera focus emergence was confirmed, namely water route of transmission as a result of bathing in a water reservoir where sewage waters had penetrated. the outbreak had local and acute character. the complex of cholera control interventions aimed at localization and liquidation of the focus proved to be effective. | 2002 | 12043146 |
| [characterization of vibrio cholerae eltor in the city of kazan in 2001]. | information on v. cholerae eltor isolated in the focus of cholera in kazan in 2001 at different periods of the outbreak is presented. the identity of strains isolated from patients, vibriocarriers and environmental objects, including their antibioticograms (sensitivity to cyprofloxacin and resistance to trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid, which may be regarded as markers), is shown. variable tandem repetitions in the dna of 30 isolates strains of differ ... | 2002 | 12043149 |
| [cholera toxin as vibrio cholera superantigen]. | experimental data confirming our earlier suggestion, that cholerae toxin (ct) possesses superantigen (sa) properties are presented. when used in very small doses, ct has been found to induce polyclonal activation of t lymphocytes, essentially exceeding that observed in classical t mitogens characteristic of sa. ct, in contrast to mitogens and similarly to other sa, is shown to display this activity only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. experiments with the use of monoclonal antibodie ... | 2002 | 12043153 |
| the contribution of accessory toxins of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor to the proinflammatory response in a murine pulmonary cholera model. | the contribution of accessory toxins to the acute inflammatory response to vibrio cholerae was assessed in a murine pulmonary model. intranasal administration of an el tor o1 v. cholerae strain deleted of cholera toxin genes (ctxab) caused diffuse pneumonia characterized by infiltration of pmns, tissue damage, and hemorrhage. by contrast, the ctxab mutant with an additional deletion in the actin-cross-linking repeats-in-toxin (rtx) toxin gene (rtxa) caused a less severe pathology and decreased s ... | 2002 | 12045243 |
| host-induced epidemic spread of the cholera bacterium. | the factors that enhance the transmission of pathogens during epidemic spread are ill defined. water-borne spread of the diarrhoeal disease cholera occurs rapidly in nature, whereas infection of human volunteers with bacteria grown in vitro is difficult in the absence of stomach acid buffering. it is unclear, however, whether stomach acidity is a principal factor contributing to epidemic spread. here we report that characterization of vibrio cholerae from human stools supports a model whereby hu ... | 2002 | 12050664 |
| filamentous phage integration requires the host recombinases xerc and xerd. | many bacteriophages and animal viruses integrate their genomes into the chromosomal dna of their hosts as a method of promoting vertical transmission. phages that integrate in a site-specific fashion encode an integrase enzyme that catalyses recombination between the phage and host genomes. ctx phi is a filamentous bacteriophage that contains the genes encoding cholera toxin, the principal virulence factor of the diarrhoea-causing gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae. ctx phi integrates into ... | 2002 | 12050668 |
| infectious disease. cholera strengthened by trip through gut. | 2002 | 12052928 | |
| evolutionary and functional analyses of variants of the toxin-coregulated pilus protein tcpa from toxigenic vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 serogroup isolates. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) is a critical determinant of the pathogenicity of vibrio cholerae. this bundle-forming pilus is an essential intestinal colonization factor and also serves as a receptor for ctxphi, the filamentous phage that encodes cholera toxin (ct). tcp is a polymer of repeating subunits of the major pilin protein tcpa and tcpa is found within the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi). in this study genetic variation at the tcpa locus in toxigenic isolates of v. cholerae was inv ... | 2002 | 12055286 |
| role of the legionella pneumophila rtxa gene in amoebae. | legionella pneumophila infects humans, causing legionnaires' disease, from aerosols generated by domestic and environmental water sources. in aquatic environments l. pneumophila is thought to replicate primarily in protozoa. a 'repeats in structural toxin' (rtx) gene, rtxa, from l. pneumophila was identified recently that plays a role in entry and replication in human macrophages and also has the ability to infect mice. however, the role of this gene in the interaction of l. pneumophila with env ... | 2002 | 12055287 |
| the structure of vibh represents nonribosomal peptide synthetase condensation, cyclization and epimerization domains. | nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) are large, multidomain enzymes that biosynthesize medically important natural products. we report the crystal structure of the free-standing nrps condensation (c) domain vibh, which catalyzes amide bond formation in the synthesis of vibriobactin, a vibrio cholerae siderophore. despite low sequence identity, nrps condensation enzymes are structurally related to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) and dihydrolipoamide acyltransferases. however, although ... | 2002 | 12055621 |
| toxic waste disposal in escherichia coli. | about 10% of the nalidixic acid-resistant (nal(r)) mutants in a transposition-induced library exhibited a growth factor requirement as the result of cysh, icda, mete, or purb mutation. resistance in all of these mutants required a functional acrab-tolc efflux pump, but the emrab-tolc pump played no obvious role. transcription of acrab was increased in each type of nal(r) mutant. in the icda and purb mutants, each of the known signaling pathways appeared to be used in activating the acrab-tolc pu ... | 2002 | 12057966 |
| inhibition by apple polyphenols of adp-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and toxin-induced fluid accumulation in mice. | the effects of crude polyphenol extracted from immature apples on the enzymatic and biological activities of a cholera toxin (ct) were investigated. when the apple polyphenol extract (ape) was examined for properties to inhibit ct-catalyzed adp-ribosylation of agmatine, it was found that ape inhibited it in a dose-dependent manner. the concentration of ape to inhibit 50% of the enzymatic activity of ct (15 microg/ml) was approximately 8.7 microg/ml. the ape also diminished ct-induced fluid accum ... | 2002 | 12061627 |
| rotavirus and enteric pathogens in infantile diarrhoea in manipal, south india. | the etiology of rotavirus in acute diarrhoeal illness in children 0-5 years of age, admitted to the pediatric wards of kasturba medical college hospital, manipal was studied over a period of 5 years. rotavirus in the faeces detected by latex agglutination test accounted for 19.56% of the diarrhoea with maximum incidence (65%) in the 7-12 months of age group. bacterial aetiological agents continued to play a significant role (69.6%) in diarrhoeal diseases. enteroaggregative e. coli was common in ... | 2002 | 12061671 |
| identification of the vibrio cholerae enterobactin receptors vcta and irga: irga is not required for virulence. | the gram-negative enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae requires iron for growth. v. cholerae has multiple iron acquisition systems, including utilization of heme and hemoglobin, synthesis and transport of the catechol siderophore vibriobactin, and transport of several siderophores that it does not itself make. one siderophore that v. cholerae transports, but does not make, is enterobactin. enterobactin transport requires tonb and is independent of the vibriobactin receptor viua. in this study, two c ... | 2002 | 12065481 |
| experimental effects of saccharomyces boulardii on diarrheal pathogens. | saccharomyces boulardii is a selected strain of yeast that may have applications in the prevention and treatment of intestinal infections. the animal models and in vitro studies developed to elucidate the mechanisms of this protection are reviewed and discussed. | 2002 | 12067833 |
| vibrio cholerae and cholera: out of the water and into the host. | the facultative human pathogen vibrio cholerae can be isolated from estuarine and aquatic environments. v. cholerae is well recognized and extensively studied as the causative agent of the human intestinal disease cholera. in former centuries cholera was a permanent threat even to the highly developed populations of europe, north america, and the northern part of asia. today, cholera still remains a burden mainly for underdeveloped countries, which cannot afford to establish or to maintain neces ... | 2002 | 12069878 |
| new carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase (carb-7) from vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 strains encoded by the vcr region of the v. cholerae genome. | in a previous study, an analysis of 77 ampicillin-nonsusceptible (resistant plus intermediate categories) strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139, isolated from aquatic environment and diarrheal stool, showed that all of them produced a beta-lactamase with a pi of 5.4. hybridization or amplification by pcr with a probe for bla(tem) or primers for bla(carb) gene families was negative. in this work, an environmental ampicillin-resistant strain from this sample, me11762, isolated from a waterwa ... | 2002 | 12069969 |
| the family of toxin-related ecto-adp-ribosyltransferases in humans and the mouse. | adp-ribosyltransferases including toxins secreted by vibrio cholera, pseudomonas aerurginosa, and other pathogenic bacteria inactivate the function of human target proteins by attaching adp-ribose onto a critical amino acid residue. cross-species polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and database mining identified the orthologs of these adp-ribosylating toxins in humans and the mouse. the human genome contains four functional toxin-related adp-ribosyltransferase genes (arts) and two related intron-con ... | 2002 | 12070318 |
| expression and purification of aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from infectious microorganisms. | l-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (asa dh) lies at the first branch point in the aspartate metabolic pathway that leads to the formation of the amino acids lysine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine in most plants, bacteria, and fungi. since the aspartate pathway is not found in humans, but is necessary for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, the enzymes in this pathway are potential targets for the development of new antibiotics. the asd gene that encodes for asa dh has been obtained ... | 2002 | 12071715 |
| [the current status of infectious enteritis in japan--reports of the "research group for infectious enteric diseases, japan" in the last 5 years (1996-2000)]. | the patients or carriers with infectious enteritis admitted to the hospitals for infectious diseases in the last 5 years (1996-2000) were studied. the total number of cases admitted in each year were 969, 1,113, 981, 637 and 573 respectively. a total of 1,527 shigella spp. strains including 1,078 strains from overseas travelers' cases were isolated. the isolates of salmonella spp. excluding s. typhi and s. paratyphi a were 562 in number. a total of 61 vibrio cholerae o1 strains including 44 stra ... | 2002 | 12073571 |
| [development of vaccine for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli infection]. | efforts on the development of vaccines against enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) infection has been described in this review. two kinds of vaccines were developed and these have been targeted for in humans and cattle. one vaccine candidate is toxoid, which uses an inactive form of shiga toxin(stx). a part of b subunit, each b or a subunit or one or two amino acid mutated holotoxin were developed as a toxoid vaccine candidate. the other candidate was bacterial surface antigen such as a li ... | 2002 | 12078077 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of the cho cell elongating factor (cef) from vibrio cholerae o1. | cho cell-elongating factor (cef) is a recently identified putative virulence factor of vibrio cholerae. our previous studies show that this 85 kda protein elongates cho cells, causes fluid accumulation in suckling mice and has esterase activity. in this study, the cef gene was cloned in escherichia coli using a yeast vector and subsequently expressed in the yeast pichia pastoris. the cef genes from v. cholerae candidate vaccine strains jbk 70 and cvd 103-hgr were sequenced and found to be nearly ... | 2002 | 12079406 |
| silkworm larvae as an animal model of bacterial infection pathogenic to humans. | silkworm larvae, bombyx mori, were examined as an animal model of human infection with pathogenic bacteria. when 3 x 10(7) cells of staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), pseudomonas aeruginosa, or vibrio cholerae were injected into the blood of fifth instar silkworm larvae, over 90% of the larvae died within 2 days, whereas over 90% survived for 5 days after injection of the same amount of escherichia coli. growth of s. aureus was observed in larvae blood and tissues. immunostaining analysis reveal ... | 2002 | 12079408 |
| spectrum of vibrio species associated with acute diarrhea in north jakarta, indonesia. | vibrio spp was isolated from 1024 (21.2%) of 4820 diarrhea patients admitted to a community hospital in north jakarta from 1996 through 1998. vibrio cholerae o1 (49.5%) and v. parahaemolyticus (30.1%) comprised the major species isolated, followed by v. cholerae non-o1 (16.9%), and v. fluvialis (9.4%). in 938 (19.4%) patients, vibrio was found as single isolate. multiple infections were detected in 86 (1.8%) patients. a small number of v. furnisii, v. metschnikovii, v. mimicus and v. hollisae we ... | 2002 | 12088614 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 outbreak strains in miri, sarawak (malaysia). | bacterial resistance to various antimicrobial agents is common in area with high usage of antibiotics. in this study, the data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of vibrio cholerae o1 from patients during an outbreak period was found to be high but variable rates of multidrug resistance. thirty-two of 33 v. cholerae isolates harboured the tcp, ctx, zot and ace genes, suggesting their possible roles in the outbreak cases. we analyzed the molecular diversity of a total of 33 strains of v. ch ... | 2002 | 12088858 |
| detoxification of cholera toxin without removal of its immunoadjuvanticity by the addition of (sta-related) peptides to the catalytic subunit. a potential new strategy to generate immunostimulants for vaccination. | peptides related to the heat-stable enterotoxin sta were fused to the n terminus of the a-subunit of cholera toxin (cta) to explore whether peptide additions could help generate detoxified cholera toxin (ct) derivatives. proteins carrying aprpgp (6-cta), asrcaelccnpacpap (16-cta), or anssnyccelccnpactgcypgp (23-cta) were genetically constructed. using a two-plasmid system these derivatives were co-expressed in vibrio cholerae with cholera toxin b-subunit (ctb) to allow formation and secretion of ... | 2002 | 12089141 |
| escalating association of vibrio cholerae o139 with cholera outbreaks in india. | between december 1999 and december 2000, teams from the national institute of cholera and enteric diseases, calcutta, india, examined eight outbreaks of cholera, which occurred in different parts of the country distant from each other. in two of these outbreaks each, only v. cholerae o1 biotype eltor or v. cholerae o139 could be isolated, while in the remaining four outbreaks, both o1 and o139 were isolated. the interesting feature is the escalating association of v. cholerae o139 with outbreaks ... | 2002 | 12089294 |
| interferon-gamma increases the expression of glycosylated cd95 in b-leukemic cells: an inducible model to study the role of glycosylation in cd95-signalling and trafficking. | b-lineage acute leukaemia cells are generally resistant to cd95-mediated apoptosis. in this report, the cd95-resistant b-leukaemia lines sem, rs4;11, and reh were used to investigate the mechanisms of resistance to cd95-signalling. we found that interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) treatment increased the presence of high molecular weight forms of cd95 in these cells as judged by western analysis, and treatment of protein extracts with peptide: n -glycosidase f indicated that the majority of high molecu ... | 2002 | 12096925 |
| litr, a new transcriptional activator in vibrio fischeri, regulates luminescence and symbiotic light organ colonization. | vibrio fischeri is the bacterial symbiont within the light-emitting organ of the sepiolid squid euprymna scolopes. upon colonizing juvenile squids, bacterial symbionts grow on host-supplied nutrients, while providing a bioluminescence that the host uses during its nocturnal activities. mutant bacterial strains that are unable to emit light have been shown to be defective in normal colonization. a 606 bp open reading frame was cloned from v. fischeri that encoded a protein, which we named litr, t ... | 2002 | 12100554 |
| asp(344) and thr(345) are critical for cation exchange mediated by nhad, na(+)/h(+) antiporter of vibrio cholerae. | the vc-nhad is an na(+)/h(+) antiporter from vibrio cholerae belonging to a new family of bacterial na(+)/h(+) antiporters, the nhad family. in the present work we mutagenized five conserved asp and glu residues and one conserved thr residue to ala in order to identify amino acids that are critical for the antiport activity. all mutations fall into two distinct groups: (i) four variants, glu(100)ala, glu(251)ala, glu(342)ala, and asp(393)ala, did not abolish antiport activity but shifted the ph ... | 2002 | 12101001 |
| cloning and characterization of a novel haemolysin in vibrio cholerae o1 that does not directly contribute to the virulence of the organism. | a previously undescribed haemolysin, distinct from the major vibrio cholerae o1 el tor haemolysin, hlya, was cloned from the o1 classical biotype strain z17561. this novel haemolysin showed 71.5% overall similarity to the delta-thermostable direct haemolysin of vibrio parahaemolyticus, and so it has been termed v. cholerae delta-thermostable haemolysin (vc-deltath, encoded by the dth gene). an orf found immediately downstream, which appears to be transcriptionally and translationally linked to d ... | 2002 | 12101305 |
| the vibrio cholerae haemolysin anion channel is required for cell vacuolation and death. | several strains of vibrio cholerae secrete a haemolytic toxin of 63 kda, termed v. cholerae cytolysin (vcc). this toxin causes extensive vacuolation and death of cells in culture and forms an anion-selective channel in planar lipid bilayers and in cells. here, we identify inhibitors of the vcc anion channel and show that the formation of the anion channel is necessary for the development of the vacuoles and for the cell death induced by this toxin. using markers of cell organelles, we show that ... | 2002 | 12102686 |
| the vibrio cholerae viesab locus encodes a pathway contributing to cholera toxin production. | the genes encoding cholera toxin (ct), ctxab, are coregulated with those for other vibrio cholerae virulence factors by a cascade of transcriptional activators, including toxr, tcpp, and toxt. additional regulators that modulate expression of ctxab during infection were recently identified in a genetic selection. a transposon insertion in vies, the sensor kinase of the viesab three-component signal transduction system, resulted in failure to induce expression of a ctxa-recombinase fusion during ... | 2002 | 12107127 |
| genomic and functional analyses of sxt, an integrating antibiotic resistance gene transfer element derived from vibrio cholerae. | sxt is representative of a family of conjugative-transposon-like mobile genetic elements that encode multiple antibiotic resistance genes. in recent years, sxt-related conjugative, self-transmissible integrating elements have become widespread in asian vibrio cholerae. we have determined the 100-kb dna sequence of sxt. this element appears to be a chimera composed of transposon-associated antibiotic resistance genes linked to a variety of plasmid- and phage-related genes, as well as to many gene ... | 2002 | 12107144 |
| vibrio pathogenicity island and cholera toxin genetic element-associated virulence genes and their expression in non-o1 non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae. | a non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain, 10259, belonging to the serogroup o53 was shown to harbor genes related to the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) and a cholera toxin (ct) genetic element called ctx. while the nucleotide sequence of the strain 10259 tcpa gene differed significantly (26 and 28%) from those of o1 classical and el tor biotype strains, respectively, partial sequence analysis data of certain other vpi-associated genes (alda, taga, tcpp/h, toxt, acfb/c, and int) and intergenic ... | 2002 | 12117994 |
| the zymovars of vibrio cholerae: multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of vibrio cholerae. | zymovars analysis also known as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis is applied here to investigate the genetic variation of vibrio cholerae strains and characterise strains or group of strains of medical and epidemiological interest. fourteen loci were analyzed in 171 strains of non-o1 non-o139, 32 classical and 61 el tor from america, africa, europe and asia. the mean genetic diversity was 0.339. it is shown that the same o antigen (both o1 and non-o1) may be present in several genetically divers ... | 2002 | 12118282 |
| chemiosmotic mechanism of antimicrobial activity of ag(+) in vibrio cholerae. | although the antimicrobial effects of silver salts were noticed long ago, the molecular mechanism of the bactericidal action of ag(+) in low concentrations has not been elucidated. here, we show that low concentrations of ag(+) induce a massive proton leakage through the vibrio cholerae membrane, which results in complete deenergization and, with a high degree of probability, cell death. | 2002 | 12121953 |
| role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae. | quinolones are among the drugs of choice in the management of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae. in this study, we demonstrate that, in addition to mutations detected in the target genes gyra and parc, proton motive force-dependent efflux is involved in quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of v. cholerae. | 2002 | 12121955 |
| riboflavin is a component of the na+-pumping nadh-quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | flavins are cofactors in many electron-transfer enzymes. typically, two types of flavins perform this role: 5'-phosphoriboflavin (fmn) and flavin-adenine dinucleotide (fad). both of these are riboflavin derivatives, but riboflavin itself has never been reported to be an enzyme-bound component. we now report that tightly bound riboflavin is a component of the nadh-driven sodium pump from vibrio cholerae. | 2002 | 12122213 |
| vibrio cholerae cytr is a repressor of biofilm development. | vibrio cholerae is both a human pathogen and a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. in the aquatic environment, microorganisms are found attached to surfaces in structures known as biofilms. we have identified a transcriptional repressor in v. cholerae that inhibits exopolysaccharide synthesis and biofilm development. our studies show that this repressor is the v. cholerae homologue of escherichia coli cytr, a protein that represses nucleoside uptake and catabolism when nucleosides are sc ... | 2002 | 12123457 |
| involvement of in vivo induced icmf gene of vibrio cholerae in motility, adherence to epithelial cells, and conjugation frequency. | previously, using global transcription profile approach icmf gene of vibrio cholerae was identified as an in vivo induced gene. in the present study, the icmf gene of v. cholerae o395 was cloned, sequenced, and used to construct an icmf insertion mutant. this icmf is homologous to legionella pneumophila icmf, belonging to the icm cassette responsible for macrophage killing and intracellular survival of the organism. the icmf insertion mutant exhibited reduced motility and increased adherence to ... | 2002 | 12127983 |
| the inherent characteristics and dna polymorphism of vibrio cholerae and other vibrios. | to investigate the inherent characteristics of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) and other vibrios and their relationship. | 2002 | 12133305 |
| epidemic and endemic cholera trends over a 33-year period in bangladesh. | despite nearly 200 years of study, the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of endemic cholera and the causes of periodic epidemics remain poorly understood. to investigate these patterns, cholera data collected over 33 years (1966-1998) in matlab, bangladesh, were analyzed. time-lagged autocorrelations were stratified by vibrio cholerae serogroup, serotype, and biotype. both classical and el tor biotypes alternated and persisted between 1966 and 1988; the classical biotype disappeared by ... | 2002 | 12134262 |
| [invasive properties of toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae of different serogroups]. | experimental data on the comparative study of the invasive properties of vct+ hly- and vct- hly+ v. cholerae of serogroups 01 and 0139 are presented. both vct- hly+ and vct+ hly- v. cholerae of serogroups 01 and 0139 have been shown to be capable of dissemination into internal organs. no differences in the dissemination of v. cholerae of different serogroups in both immunologically immature and mature experimental animals have been detected. | 2002 | 12141041 |
| comparison of genome structures of vibrios, bacteria possessing two chromosomes. | vibrios are gram-negative gamma-proteobacteria which are ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments. recently, we demonstrated that some, if not all, vibrio species have two circular chromosomes. the whole genome sequence of vibrio cholerae n16961 has been reported. in this study, we constructed a physical and genetic map of the genome of kanagawa phenomenon-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strain kx-v237 and compared it with those of v. parahaemolyticus aq4673 and v. cholerae n16961. the g ... | 2002 | 12142404 |
| the npta gene of vibrio cholerae encodes a functional sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter homologous to the type ii cotransporters of eukaryotes. | the npta gene of vibrio cholerae has significant protein sequence homology with type ii sodium-dependent phosphate (p(i)) cotransporters found in animals but not previously identified in prokaryotes. the phylogeny of known type ii cotransporter sequences indicates that npta may be either an ancestral gene or a gene acquired from a higher eukaryotic source. the gene was cloned into an expression vector under the control of an inducible promoter and expressed in escherichia coli. the results demon ... | 2002 | 12142417 |
| rapid detection of six types of bacterial pathogens in marine waters by multiplex pcr. | a rapid multiplex pcr (m-pcr) method that allows the simultaneous detection, in a single tube, of six commonly encountered waterborne pathogens is developed. the target genes used were: the aerolysin (aero) gene of aeromonas hydrophila, the invasion plasmid antigen h (ipah) gene of shigella flexneri, the attachment invasion locus (ail) gene of yersinia enterocolitca, the invasion plasmid antigen b (ipab) gene of salmonella typhimurium, the enterotoxin extracellular secretion protein (epsm) gene ... | 2002 | 12146868 |
| splenic abscess with vibrio cholerae masking pancreatic cancer. | a 77-year-old man presented to our hospital with a clinical scenario suspicious for endocarditis with septic emboli to the lungs and splenic abscess. vibrio cholerae was isolated from purulent material aspirated from the abscess. medical therapy and percutaneous drainage of the abscess were unsuccessful. the patient underwent splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy revealing a pancreatic tail carcinoma involving the spleen and colon. the patient later expired secondary to metastatic disease. this ... | 2002 | 12151192 |
| preparation of a subcellular conjugate with the lipopolysaccharide from vibrio cholerae 01 using beta-d-glucan as matrix. | a conjugate consisting of detoxified lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae, a carrier polysaccharide matrix and an immunogenic protein has been synthesised and the reaction conditions have been optimised for obtaining a high degree of conjugation. the obtained construct showed reactivity with the antibodies against v. cholerae and can serve as a prospective candidate for preparation of subcellular anti-cholera vaccine. | 2002 | 12161065 |
| persistent diarrhoea: associated infection and response to a low lactose diet. | children aged 4-23 months with persistent diarrhoea received a low lactose diet, multivitamins, minerals and antibiotics for infection. sixty-one (57 per cent) children improved with low lactose diet while 46 (43 per cent) failed. children who failed were younger (8.9 +/- 3.5 vs. 11.3 +/- 4.4 months), had higher initial purging rate (146 +/- 102 vs. 109 +/- 102 g/kg/day) and consumed more ors (138 +/- 77 vs. 95 +/- 79 g/kg/day). a higher proportion of children in the failure group needed unsched ... | 2002 | 12164597 |
| a satellite phage-encoded antirepressor induces repressor aggregation and cholera toxin gene transfer. | ctxphi is a filamentous bacteriophage whose genome encodes cholera toxin, the principal virulence factor of vibrio cholerae. we have found that the ctxphi-related element rs1 is a satellite phage whose transmission depends upon proteins produced from a ctx prophage (its helper phage). however, unlike other satellite phages and satellite animal viruses, rs1 can aid the ctx prophage as well as exploit it, due to the rs1-encoded protein rstc. rstc, whose function previously was unknown, is an antir ... | 2002 | 12169626 |
| single-tube, nested pcr for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in kuwait. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) offers a sensitive and specific way of detecting microbial dna in clinical samples. the aims of the present study were to develop an assay, based on a single-tube, nested pcr, for identifying brucella in samples of human blood and then to explore the use of this test in diagnosis. the primers chosen were derived from is711, the insertion sequence gene found in all species of brucella. the assay amplified a 52-bp final product which was detected colorimetricall ... | 2002 | 12171621 |
| oral immunogenicity of the inactivated vibrio cholerae whole-cell vaccine encapsulated in biodegradable microparticles. | vibrio cholerae (vc)-loaded microparticles as an oral vaccine delivery system were prepared with 6% w/v poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)(plg) in the oil phase as well as 10% w/v pvp and 5% w/v nacl in the aqueous phase, by an water-in-oil-in-water emulsion/solvent extraction technique. vc was successfully entrapped in the microparticles with trapping efficiencies up to 97.8% and a loading level of 55.4+/-6.9 microg/mg. the microparticle delivery system with a particle size of 3.8 microm had differe ... | 2002 | 12175740 |
| parallel quorum sensing systems converge to regulate virulence in vibrio cholerae. | the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi possesses two quorum sensing systems (system 1 and system 2) that regulate bioluminescence. although the vibrio cholerae genome sequence reveals that a v. harveyi-like system 2 exists, it does not predict the existence of a v. harveyi-like system 1 or any obvious quorum sensing-controlled target genes. in this report we identify and characterize the genes encoding an additional v. cholerae autoinducer synthase and its cognate sensor. analysis of double mutants ... | 2002 | 12176318 |
| [alteration of cholera toxin biosynthesis in vibrio cholerae 01 as a result of temperate phage 139 integration into bacterial chromosome]. | infection of v. cholerae 01 (classical and eltor biovars) cells with the temperate cholera phage 139 derived from v. cholerae serogroup 0139 followed by integration of the phage genome into the bacterial chromosome significantly increased the production of cholera toxin, the main virulence factor. the level of toxin biosynthesis in the lysogenic v. cholerae classical strain increased 3-fold and that in v. eltor thirty times in comparison with the parental strains. increased production of cholera ... | 2002 | 12180025 |
| synthesis of cholera toxin b subunit gene: cloning and expression of a functional 6xhis-tagged protein in escherichia coli. | cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has been extensively studied as immunogen, adjuvant, and oral tolerance inductor depending on the antigen conjugated or coadministered. it has been already expressed in several bacterial and yeast systems. in this study, we synthesized a versatile gene coding a 6xhis-tagged ctb (359bp). the sequence was designed according to codon usage of escherichia coli, lactobacillus casei, and salmonella typhimurium. the gene assembly was based on a polymerase chain reaction, i ... | 2002 | 12182829 |
| occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6')-ib, dfra5, dfra12, and erea2 in class i integrons in non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strains in india. | molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae belonging to non-o1, non-o139 serogroups isolated during 1997 to 1998 in calcutta, india, were investigated. out of the 94 strains examined, 22 strains were found to have class i integrons. the gene cassettes identified were dfra1, dfra15, dfra5, and dfra12 for trimethoprim; aac(6')-ib for amikacin and tobramycin; aada1 and aada2 for streptomycin and spectinomycin; and erea2 for erythromycin resistance. to our knowledge, this is the ... | 2002 | 12183252 |
| r391: a conjugative integrating mosaic comprised of phage, plasmid, and transposon elements. | the conjugative, chromosomally integrating element r391 is the archetype of the incj class of mobile genetic elements. originally found in a south african providencia rettgeri strain, r391 carries antibiotic and mercury resistance traits, as well as genes involved in mutagenic dna repair. while initially described as a plasmid, r391 has subsequently been shown to be integrated into the bacterial chromosome, employing a phage-like integration mechanism closely related to that of the sxt element f ... | 2002 | 12193633 |
| vibrio cholerae hemolysin. implication of amphiphilicity and lipid-induced conformational change for its pore-forming activity. | vibrio cholerae hemolysin (hlya), a water-soluble protein with a native monomeric relative molecular mass of 65 000, forms transmembrane pentameric channels in target biomembranes. the hlya binds to lipid vesicles nonspecifically and without saturation; however, self-assembly is triggered specifically by cholesterol. here we show that the hlya partitioned quantitatively to amphiphilic media irrespective of their compositions, indicating that the toxin had an amphiphilic surface. asialofetuin, a ... | 2002 | 12199714 |
| new variants of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor with attributes of the classical biotype from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in bangladesh. | the sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were caused by the classical biotype of vibrio cholerae o1, which was progressively replaced by the el tor biotype representing the seventh cholera pandemic. although the classical biotype of v. cholerae o1 is extinct, even in southern bangladesh, the last of the niches where this biotype prevailed, we have identified new varieties of v. cholerae o1, of the el tor biotype with attributes of the classical biotype, from hospitali ... | 2002 | 12202569 |
| genomic profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 in cholera-endemic areas of bangladesh. | diversity, relatedness, and ecological interactions of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 populations in two distinctive habitats, the human intestine and the aquatic environment, were analyzed. twenty environmental isolates and 42 clinical isolates were selected for study by matching serotype, geographic location of isolation in bangladesh, and season of isolation. genetic profiling was done by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-pcr, optimized for profiling by using the fully se ... | 2002 | 12205294 |
| analysis of 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer of vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus for detection of these species. | 2002 | 11692861 | |
| construction of a trivalent candidate vaccine against shigella species with dna recombination. | in this work asd gene of shigella flexneri 2a strain t32 was replaced by vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit (ctxb) gene with dna recombination in vivo and in vitro. the resulting derivative of t32, designed as fwl01, could stably express ctxb, but its growth in lb medium depended on the presence of diaminopimelic acid (dap). then form i plasmid of shigella sonnei strain s7 was labeled with strain t32 asd gene and mobilized into fwl01. thus a trivalent candidate oral vaccine strain, designed as fsw0 ... | 2002 | 18763059 |
| an outbreak of vibrio cholerae o139 serogroup associated gastroenteritis in baroda (gujarat). | 2002 | 17657049 | |
| improved specific detection of vibrio cholerae in environmental water samples by culture on selective medium and colony hybridization assay with an oligonucleotide probe. | we developed a rapid and efficient method based on culture on selective medium and colony hybridization assay for the detection of vibrio cholerae in estuarine water samples. a 22-oligonucleotide sequence of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region was labeled with digoxigenin and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity by dot blot and colony hybridization with collection strains and environmental and clinical isolates. no isolates of species other than v. cholerae hybridized with the oligonu ... | 2002 | 19709209 |
| vibrio cholerae 01 strain resistant to vibriostatic compound 0/129 isolated from cholera cases in kilifi, kenya. | 2002 | 12635766 | |
| [analysis of specific nucleotide sequences. dna biosensors]. | information about common molecular-biological approaches for the determination of the specific nucleotide sequences in genetic materials was given in the review. main attention was paid to consideration of the ways for dna biosensor creation. the information about the types of such biosensors was presented in detail and characteristics of the developed devices were cited. separately the question about the use of the instrumental analytical approaches for the identification of genetic materials o ... | 2002 | 12924012 |
| bacteriological profile of cholera in tamil nadu (1980-2001). | in addition to vibrio cholerae o1, a recently emerged non-o1 serotype, v. cholerae o139 has also been found to be responsible for epidemics of cholera. in the context of the changing etiology of cholera, the occurrence of different serotypes, biotypes and phage types of v. cholerae in tamil nadu is presented. | 2002 | 12807153 |
| [anticholera vaccines and vaccination]. | cholera is still an important diarrhoeal disease in developing countries. the impact of cholera out-break is tremendous for a country at human and economic level. who estimates that diarrhoeal diseases cause about 2.8 million deaths per year in developing countries. officially, cholera is causing around 120,000 deaths per year. the poorest population (from slums and refugee camps) are the most vulnerable target for cholera infection. development of simple cheap and effective vaccine is highly re ... | 2002 | 12696375 |
| first report of vibrio cholerae infection from andaman and nicobar, india. | out of 34 stool samples collected during an outbreak of diarrhoea, vibrio cholerae 01 was isolated from 10 samples contrary to earlier reports that shigella species was the only cause of diarrhoeal disease in andaman & nicobar islands. | 2002 | 14710858 |
| cholera control on guam, 2000. | during april, 2000, the island of pohnpei began experiencing an outbreak of cholera and during june and july of the same year four cases of cholera representing 3 separate introduction events were identified on guam. two of these events were associated with eating reef fish imported from pohnpei. following the imposition of a narrowly-focused ban on the importation of inshore seafood and processed food products from pohnpei, no additional local or imported cases of cholera were detected on guam. | 2002 | 14736099 |
| [factors influencing the capacity of cellular substrate adherence of vibrio cholerae o1 and non o1 strains]. | bacterial adherence to eukariotic cells represents an important step of tissue colonization and is mediated by specific molecules called adhesins. bacterial adherence to cellular substrate is a very complex process consisting in specific interactions between the surface of host cell and bacterial cell surface respectively. adherence to cellular substrate confers selective advantages to bacterial cells, as: rapid growth rate by shorter lag period and protection against antibodies and lysozime. ad ... | 2002 | 15085599 |
| [study of antibiotic influence on adherence capacity of gram positive and gram negative bacteria to the cellular substrate]. | bacterial adherence to the cellular substrate (skin and mucosa) represents a precondition of infectious pathology. it was demonstrated that bacteria which adhere and form biofilms on catheters and other inert materials used in medicine are resistant to the therapeutic antibiotic concentrations being protected by the biofilm mathrix and generating severe and hard to treat infections. there are only few studies on the influence of antibiotics on the bacterial adhesins synthesis and bacterial adher ... | 2002 | 15085601 |
| [sensitivity to rubber components in construction workers (review of 100 cases)]. | 2002 | 134625 | |
| [role of immune complex in cancer immunity]. | 2002 | 127862 | |
| [bacterial uptake of organic matter in waters of different degrees of pollution]. | the assimilation of organic matter by bacteria has been shown to be more intensive in polluted waters. the maximal rate of glucose assimilation depended on the number of bacteria and appeared to be two times higher in polluted water and more than hundred times higher in estremely polluted water in comparison with clean water. the equation for the dependence of the maximal assimilation rate on the total number of bacteria in the natural populations is suggested. | 2002 | 125846 |
| plasma camp and renin in diabetics during insulin induced hypoglycemia. | 2002 | 187538 | |
| [disabled children in the federal republic of germany in 1974 (author's transl)]. | within the scope of an additional micro-census inquiry--carried out in 1974--the federal statistical office in wiesbaden assessed the number of physically, mentally and psychologically impaired children. the results are differentiated according to the types of disability and therapy, age, in-patient treatment and special school attendance. furthermore, the estimated results are compared with earlier surveys of the federal statistical office and other estimates. | 2002 | 135318 |
| [study of glycosaminoglycans in the urine of older children with chronic pneumonia and in their closest relatives]. | 2002 | 135244 | |
| electrodiagnosis in peripheral nerve injury. | 2002 | 135753 | |
| [saltykov's carcinoids on down's syndrome. description of two cases (author's transl)]. | 2002 | 124229 | |
| long term effects of radiation of t and b lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with hodgkin's disease. | total lymphocyte counts, and the percentage of t and b lymphocytes and monocytes in untreated patients with hodgkin's disease were not significantly different from those observed in normal donors. at the completion of radiotherapy, the mean total lymphocyte count of 503/mm3 was 4 sd below the mean for normal controls. although a group of 26 patients in continuous complete remission from 12 to 111 mo after radiation treatment regained normal total numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes, they exhibi ... | 2002 | 135001 |
| acne vulgaris: new concepts in pathogenesis and treatment. | the successful management of acne involves a careful detailing of the factors involved in pathogenesis to ensure confidence and co-operation with the now quite successful therapeutic measures available. | 2002 | 134884 |
| [determination of the impaired ear's frequency selectivity using psychoacoustical tuning curves (author's transl)]. | an apparatus for clinical use is described by which simplified psychoacoustical tuning curves can be measured near 500 hz and near 4 khz. data produced by four groups (normal hearing, conductive hearing loss, noise induced hearing loss and degenerative hearing loss) are separately averaged and compared. the first mentioned two groups as well as the third in the low frequency range show good frequency resolution, the others, however, show largely decreased frequency resolution. | 2002 | 139511 |
| a method for rapid tailoring of the intraatrial baffle in transposition of the great vessels. | numerous reports have described successful use of the brom "trouser-shaped" baffle in the mustard procedure. a simple technique to fashion the baffle accurately by use of a prefashioned template is described. | 2002 | 127558 |
| clinical comparison between glibornuride (glutril) and tolbutamide in maturity-onset diabetes: a controlled double-blind trial. | 2002 | 134878 |