Publications

effects of light quality on co2 assimilation, chlorophyll-fluorescence quenching, expression of calvin cycle genes and carbohydrate accumulation in cucumis sativus.	light quality is thought to affect many plant physiological processes during growth and development, particularly photosynthesis. we examined how light quality influences plant photosynthesis by analyzing changes in photosynthetic parameters and expression levels of some photosynthesis related genes of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no. 1) plants. the plants were grown under different light qualities: purple (p), blue (b), green (g), yellow (y), red (r) and white light (w) of the same p ...	2009	19410482
aroma evaluation of transgenic, thaumatin ii-producing cucumber fruits.	fruits of transgenic cucumber lines expressing preprothaumatin ii gene were evaluated concerning their aroma. four homozygous lines, that is, 210 06, 212 01, 224 09, and 225 03 with different levels of transgene expression were selected. recipient line cv. borszczagowski, which was formed by inbred line of cucumis sativus l., was used as a control. the experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and an outdoor experimental plot. the aroma of cucumber fruits was evaluated by gc/ms, as well as gc/m ...	2009	19397704
assessing the phytoavailability of dieldrin residues in charcoal-amended soil using tenax extraction.	consecutive and single tenax extractions were applied to characterize the effectiveness of activated charcoal (ac) amendments to reduce the phytoavailability of dieldrin in a natively contaminated horticultural soil. dieldrin desorption from untreated and 800 mg(ac) kg(-1) soil was well described by a model with three dieldrin fractions of different kinetics: a rapidly (f(rap)), slowly (f(slow)), and very slowly (f(v.slow)) desorbing fraction. the ac amendment resulted in a transfer of dieldrin ...	2009	19397375
chromatin structural rearrangement during dedifferentiation of protoplasts of cucumis sativus l.	this paper reports on the structural rearrangement of satellite dna type i repeats and heterochromatin during the dedifferentiation and cell cycling of mesophyll protoplasts of cucumber (cucumis sativus). these repeats were localized in the telomeric heterochromatin of cucumber chromosomes and in the chromocenters of interphase nuclei. the dramatic reduction of heterochromatin involves decondensation of subtelomeric repeats in freshly isolated protoplasts; however, there are not a great many rem ...	2009	19390825
a one-megabase physical map provides insights on gene organization in the enormous mitochondrial genome of cucumber.	cucumber (cucumis sativus) has one of the largest mitochondrial genomes known among all eukaryotes, due in part to the accumulation of short 20 to 60 bp repetitive dna motifs. recombination among these repetitive dnas produces rearrangements affecting organization and expression of mitochondrial genes. to more efficiently identify rearrangements in the cucumber mitochondrial dna, we built two nonoverlapping 800 and 220 kb bac contigs and assigned major mitochondrial genes to these bacs. polymorp ...	2009	19370086
expression pattern of the pre-prothaumatin ii gene under the control of the camv 35s promoter in transgenic cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) flower buds and fruits.	thaumatin ii is an extremely sweet-tasting protein produced by fruits of the west african shrub thaumatococcus daniellii benth, so it can be used in biotechnology to improve the tastes of various plant products. this study is concerned with the spatial and temporal aspects of expression of the 35s-pre-prothaumatin ii chimeric gene in flower buds and fruits of transgenic cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) line 225. the activity of the 35s promoter in organs of line 225 was compared with its activity i ...	2009	19193977
iron availability affects the function of mitochondria in cucumber roots.	* in strategy-i-plants, iron (fe) deficiency induces processes leading to increased fe solubilization in the rhizosphere, including reduction by ferric reductases and active proton extrusion. these processes require active respiration to function. in this work we investigated the effect of fe deficiency on respiratory activities of cucumber (cucumis sativus) roots. * we compared oxygen consumption rate and the activities of the respiratory chain complexes on purified mitochondria from roots grow ...	2009	19192186
bn-page analysis of the respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria of cucumber msc16 mutant.	rearrangements of mitochondrial dna in msc16 mutant of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) affect mitochondrial functioning due to the alteration mainly of complex i resulting in several metabolic changes. one-dimensional blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (bn-page) and densitometric measurements showed that the level and in-gel capacity of complex i were lower in msc16 leaf and root mitochondria as compared to wild-type (wt). the level and capacity of supercomplex i+iii(2) were always low ...	2009	19181534
the research progress of antitumorous effectiveness of stichopus japonicus acid mucopolysaccharide in north of china.	the sea cucumbers growing in the estuary of the pohai of northern china are called stichopus japonicus and are the orthodox holothurians in traditional chinese medicine. there are multiple biological active ingredients in s. japonicus, and s. japonicus acid mucopolysaccharide (sjamp) is one of the important ingredients. sjamp has multiple pharmacologic actions, such as antitumor, immunologic regulation, anticoagulated blood, and antivirus. the research on antitumor has been carried out by way of ...	2009	19174693
preparation of achiral and chiral (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones and their phytotoxic activity.	a short and efficient approach to a range of new chiral and achiral functionalized (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones starting with commercially available dehydroacetic acid is described. the phytotoxic properties of these (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones were evaluated by their ability to interfere with the growth of sorghum bicolor and cucumis sativus seedlings. a different sensitivity of the two crops was evident with the (e)-enaminopyran-2,4-diones. the most active compounds were also tested against two ...	2009	19170511
effect of additives in aqueous formulation on the foliar uptake of dimethomorph by cucumbers.	the efficacy enhancement of dimethomorph formulation by several adjuvants is thought to be through increased foliar uptake. in order to identify the most effective adjuvants, the adjuvancy of 36 additives was examined in aqueous formulations in relation to the absorption of dimethomorph by cucumber leaves.	2009	19165749
laser ablation icp-ms reveals patterns of copper differing from zinc in growth zones of cucumber roots.	laser ablation coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to find cu and zn concentration in surface tissue along a longitudinal developmental gradient with meristem, rapidly elongating tissue, and nongrowing tissue in a model system of seedling roots of cucumis sativus l. (cucumber). tissue metal accumulation was determined for roots of seedlings growing on cellulosic germination paper treated with nutrient solution (controls), and also treated with concentrations of zn ...	2009	19148675
melatonin applied to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seeds improves germination during chilling stress.	the relationship between germination and melatonin applied during osmo- and hydropriming was studied in cucumber seeds. the proportion of nuclei with different dna contents, the mean ploidy and the (2c + 4c = 8c)/2c ratio in unprimed and primed, dry and imbibed at 10 degrees c seeds were established by flow cytometry. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and protein oxidation were also estimated. melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) concentrations in the seeds were determined using high-p ...	2009	19141087
synthesis and phytogrowth properties of oxabicyclic analogues related to helminthosporin.	this investigation describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of oxabicyclic analogues related to the helminthosporins. four oxabicycles were prepared by [4+3] cycloaddition of an oxyallyl carbocation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, with selected furans. functional group manipulations of the oxabicyclic architecture generated nine further derivatives. the phytotoxic properties of these oxabicycles were evaluated as their ability to interfere with the growth of ...	2009	19127245
regeneration of the radial nerve cord in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima.	regeneration of neurons and fibers in the mammalian spinal cord has not been plausible, even though extensive studies have been made to understand the restrictive factors involved. new experimental models and strategies are necessary to determine how new nerve cells are generated and how fibers regrow and connect with their targets in adult animals. non-vertebrate deuterostomes might provide some answers to these questions. echinoderms, with their amazing regenerative capacities could serve as m ...	2009	19126208
synthesis and herbicidal activity of 12-(aryloxyacyloxyimino)-1,15-pentadecanlactone derivatives.	a series of novel 12-(aryloxyacyloxyimino)-1,15-pentadecanlactone derivatives (3) were synthesized, and their structures including configuration of c=n bond were confirmed by (1)h nmr, elemental analysis and x-ray diffraction analysis. the bioassay showed that some of them exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against amaranthus tricolor l. the activity of compounds 3 except compounds 3a1-2 was much higher than the commercial herbicide 2,4-d and the activity of about half of compounds 3 was co ...	2009	19117417
seasonal variation in fruit and vegetable consumption in a rural agricultural community.	seasonal variation in fruit and vegetable consumption has been documented in a limited number of previous investigations and is important for the design of epidemiologic investigations and in the evaluation of intervention programs.	2009	19103322
triterpene glycosides from antarctic sea cucumbers. 2. structure of achlioniceosides a(1), a(2), and a(3) from the sea cucumber achlionice violaecuspidata (=rhipidothuria racowitzai).	three new triterpene glycosides, achlioniceosides a(1) (1), a(2) (2), and a(3) (3), have been isolated from the antarctic sea cucumber achlionice violaecuspidata. the glycoside structures were elucidated using extensive nmr spectroscopic analysis including one-dimensional (1)h and (13)c spectra, (1)h-(1)h-cosy, hmbc, hmqc, and noesy and mass spectrometry. gycosides 1-3 are disulfated pentaosides that are branched at the first xylose residue. the sulfates are attached to c-6 of the glucose residu ...	2009	19072534
elucidation of molecular diversity and body distribution of saponins in the sea cucumber holothuria forskali (echinodermata) by mass spectrometry.	sea cucumbers contain triterpene glycosides called saponins. we investigated the complex saponin mixture extracted from the common mediterranean species holothuria forskali. two different body components were analyzed separately: the body wall (which protects the animal and is moreover the most important organ in terms of surface and weight) and the cuvierian tubules (a defensive organ that can be expelled on predators in response to an attack). maldi/ms and maldi/ms/ms were used to detect sapon ...	2009	19036349
exposure to dust and endotoxin of employees in cucumber and tomato nurseries.	exposure to bioaerosols in occupational settings is associated with a range of adverse health effects. the aim of this study was to investigate the exposure levels to dust and endotoxin of people working in two cucumber nurseries and two tomato nurseries. exposure was measured for greenhouse workers (n = 70) mainly working on harvesting cucumbers and tomatoes and clearing the plants after the harvest season. the people were exposed to between 0.2 and 15 mg inhalable dust m(-3) (median = 1.6 mg m ...	2009	19033558
low oxygen consumption and high body content of catch connective tissue contribute to low metabolic rate of sea cucumbers.	the energy consumption of echinoderms is low in comparison with that of other invertebrates. we demonstrated this by measuring the oxygen consumption rate per unit of body weight (vo2) of the sea cucumber actinopyga mauritiana: vo2 was 1/8 that of the "standard" invertebrates. low energy consumption in echinoderms has been attributed to their high skeletal content and to catch connective tissues (ccts) that maintain body posture by altering their mechanical properties with little energy expendit ...	2009	19218491
selective trans-cinnamic acid uptake impairs [ca2+]cyt homeostasis and growth in cucumis sativus l.	to obtain insight into interspecies interactions mediated by allelochemicals, the response of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv jinyan no.4) and figleaf gourd (cucurbita ficifolia bouché) seedlings to trans-cinnamic acid (ca) (1) was investigated. while trans-ca is an autotoxin in cucumber root exudates, figleaf gourd is resistant to it. cucumber, however, had a high rate of trans-ca uptake by the roots, leading to reduced root growth. the trans-ca treatment also resulted in an intracellular relea ...	2009	20063205
primary trisomics obtained from autotriploid by diploid reciprocal crosses in cucumber.	to promote cytogenetical studies on cucumber (cucumis sativus l., 2n = 2x = 14), the reciprocal crosses were made between autotriploid and diploid for selecting the primary trisomics. meanwhile, chromosome behavior during meiosis in autotriploid cucumber was investigated to look for cytological evidences for origin of primary trisomics. many viable f(1) seeds were obtained from reciprocal crosses between autotriploid and diploid. the number of chromosomes of 56 surviving progenies varied from 14 ...	2009	20033455
synthesis and phytotoxic activity of new pyridones derived from 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1h)-one.	commercial dehydroacetic acid was converted into 4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-2(1h)-one (3), which was then condensed with several aliphatic aldehydes to produce seven new title compounds in variable yields (35-92%). reaction of 3 with alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes resulted in the formation of condensed pyran derivatives 4g' and 4h'. a mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of such compounds. the effects of all methylpyridin-2(1h)-one derivatives on the development of the dicotyledonous ...	2009	20032871
cool as a cucumber.	the genome of the seventh plant to be sequenced, cucumis sativus l., was assembled using the conventional long-read sanger sequencing and higher-throughput short-read technology. this genome is the entry point for exploring the diversity and function of the cucurbitaceae family of agriculturally important plants. its compact genome, without evidence of recent duplication, will be useful in comparative analysis of plant genome evolution.	2009	19935759
relationship between dieldrin uptake in cucumber and solvent-extractable residue in soil.	to prevent the distribution of cucumbers with dieldrin contamination exceeding the limit set by the japanese food sanitation law, the extraction solvent for dieldrin-contaminated soil was selected prior to cultivation so that the dieldrin residue level in cucumber could be predicted. the exhaustive extraction from soil could not explain the dieldrin uptake by cucumber plants. however, significant correlation (r(2) = 0.966, p < 0.001) was observed between dieldrin concentrations in cucumber and d ...	2009	19904933
[effects of different water and fertilizer supply on cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity].	with cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) variety jinyou 1 as test material, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water and fertilizer supply on the cucumber soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. three water regimes (50%-60%, 70%-80%, and 90%-100% soil relative moisture content) and two fertilization practices (600 kg n x hm(-2) + 420 kg p2o5 x hm(-2) and 420 kg n x hm(-2) + 294 kg p2o5 x hm(-2)) were designed. the increase of water and fert ...	2009	19899470
synthesis and biological evaluation of new ozonides with improved plant growth regulatory activity.	the iron oxyallyl carbocation generated from 2,7-dibromocycloheptanone was induced to undergo [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions with various furans, affording a series of 12-oxatricyclo-[4.4.1.1(2,5)]-dodec-3-en-11-one adducts. similar methodology was used to prepare two additional cycloadducts using menthofuran and two homologous aliphatic dibromoketones. dipolar cycloaddition of ozone to the adducts afforded the corresponding secondary ozonides (i.e., 1,2,4-trioxolanes) in variable yields. ozoni ...	2009	19886678
assessment of the dermal exposure to azoxystrobin among women tending cucumbers in selected polish greenhouses after restricted entry intervals expired--the role of the protective gloves.	the purpose of our study was to determine the level of skin contamination by azoxystrobin in a group of women tending cucumbers in a vegetable-growing greenhouse after restricted entry intervals expired.	2009	19819834
comparison of hs-sdme with spme and spe for the determination of eight organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in food matrices.	a headspace single-drop microextraction (hs-sdme) procedure is optimized for the analysis of organochlorine and organophosphorous pesticide residues in food matrices, namely cucumbers and strawberries by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. the parameters affecting the hs-sdme performance, such as selection of the extraction solvent, solvent drop volume, extraction time, temperature, stirring rate, and ionic strength, were studied and optimized. extraction was achieved by exposi ...	2009	19772747
brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in cucumis sativus.	brassinosteroids (brs) are a new group of plant growth substances that promote plant growth and productivity. we showed in this study that improved growth of cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants after treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (ebr), an active br, was associated with increased co(2) assimilation and quantum yield of psii (phi(psii)). treatment of brassinazole (brz), a specific inhibitor for br biosynthesis, reduced plant growth and at the same time decreased co(2) assimilation and phi(psii) ...	2009	19760261
the genome of the cucumber, cucumis sativus l.	cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for sex determination studies and plant vascular biology. here we report the draft genome sequence of cucumis sativus var. sativus l., assembled using a novel combination of traditional sanger and next-generation illumina ga sequencing technologies to obtain 72.2-fold genome coverage. the absence of recent whole-genome duplication, along with the presence of few tandem duplications, explains the small number of genes in the cuc ...	2009	19881527
centromere repositioning in cucurbit species: implication of the genomic impact from centromere activation and inactivation.	the centromere of an eukaryotic chromosome can move to a new position during evolution, which may result in a major alteration of the chromosome morphology and karyotype. this centromere repositioning phenomenon has been extensively documented in mammalian species and was implicated to play an important role in mammalian genome evolution. here we report a centromere repositioning event in plant species. comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping using common sets of fosmid clones bet ...	2009	19706458
identification of host attractants for the ethiopian fruit fly, dacus ciliatus loew.	the ethiopian fruit fly, dacus ciliatus, is an oligophagous pest of cucurbit crops, particularly melons, cucumbers, and marrows (summer squash). the present study aimed to identify host attractants for d. ciliatus and was guided by a behavioral bioassay and an electrophysiological assay. we tested volatile compounds from the fruits of a host plant, ripe and unripe galia melon, cucumis melo var. reticulates. both sexes were attracted to melon volatiles. those of ripe melon were preferred. gas chr ...	2009	19440796
effects of foliar surfactants on host plant selection behavior of liriomyza huidobrensis (diptera: agromyzidae).	the pea leafminer, liriomyza huidobrensis (diptera: agromyzidae), is a highly polyphagous insect pest of global distribution. l. huidobrensis feeds and lays its eggs on leaf tissue and reduces crop marketability because of stippling and mining damage. in field insecticide trials, it was observed that stippling was reduced on plants treated with surfactant alone. the objectives of this study were to determine the effect of surfactants on host selection behaviors of female l. huidobrensis and to a ...	2009	19825293
species and genus specificity of the intergenic spacer (igs) in the ribosomal rna genes of cucurbitaceae.	the use of intergenic spacer (igs) fragments of plant ribosomal dna (rdna) for the differentiation between genera and species is tested by cross-hybridization experiments with different igs probes of two cucurbitaceae, cucurbita pepo (zucchini) and cucumis sativus (cucumber). hybridization with cloned fragments of different parts of the igs of ribosomal dna exhibit a different degree of conservation within and between the cucurbitaceae genera. in general, cucurbita species seem to be closer rela ...	2009	2631730
effect of cypermethrin insecticide on the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere.	cucumber (cucumis sativus) is one of the most widely used vegetable in the world, and different pesticides have been extensively used for controlling the insects and disease pathogens of this plant. however, little is known about how the pesticides affect the microbial community in cucumber phyllosphere. this study was the first attempt to assess the impact of pyrethroid insecticide cyperemethrin on the microbial communities of cucumber phyllosphere using biochemical and genetic approaches. phos ...	2008	19202876
[the effect of daily exposure to low hardening temperature on plant vital activity].	phenomenological responses of plants to daily short-term exposure to low hardening temperature was studied under chamber and field conditions. experiments were carried out on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), marigolds (tagetes l.), and petunia (petunia x hybrida) plants. the obtained data demonstrated a similar pattern of response in all studied plant species to different variants of exposure to low hardening temperature. the main features of plant response to daily sh ...	2008	18959197
exogenous spermidine affects polyamine metabolism in salinity-stressed cucumis sativus roots and enhances short-term salinity tolerance.	we investigated the effects of short-term salinity stress and spermidine application to salinized nutrient solution on polyamine metabolism and various stress defense reactions in the roots of two cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cultivars, changchun mici and jinchun no. 2. seedlings grown in nutrient solution salinized with 50mm nacl for 8d displayed reduced relative water content, net photosynthetic rates and plant growth, together with increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage in the ...	2008	18242770
effects of ultraviolet-b irradiation on the cuticular wax of cucumber (cucumis sativus) cotyledons.	cucumber seedlings were grown under three doses of supplemental ultraviolet-b (uv-b) irradiation to examine the effects on the surface structure of the cotyledons. medium and high doses of irradiation induced glazing (formation of translucent, glossy layers) on the adaxial surfaces of cotyledons, especially those exposed to a high dose of uv-b. observation with a scanning electron microscope revealed that the adaxial surfaces of cotyledons exposed to a medium dose of uv-b and controls became rou ...	2008	18217194
effect of combined physico-chemical processes on the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewaters.	a pool of laboratory experiments is planned with the aim of evaluating the possibility to reduce the phytotoxicity of olive mill wastewater (omw) with combined physico-chemical processes (centrifugation-ozonation, centrifugation-solar photolysis, centrifugation-solar modified photofenton, centrifugation-solar modified photofenton-ozonation). a moderate cod removal of an omw is reached by using ozonation or solar modified photofenton separately or solar modified photofenton/o(3) combined process ...	2008	18006039
inhibitory effect of cucumis sativus on melanin production in melanoma b16 cells by downregulation of tyrosinase expression.	we compared the inhibitory effects on melanogenesis of six plant parts (leaves, stems, roots, whole fruits, calyxes, and fruits without calyxes) of cucumis sativus. meoh extracts of leaves and stems inhibited melanin production in b16 cells. these extracts did not affect the activity of mushroom tyrosinase or crude enzyme lysate from b16 cells. however, the extracts decreased tyrosinase expression at the protein level. these results suggest that the depigmenting mechanism of extracts from leaves ...	2008	19009501
qtl molecular marker location of powdery mildew resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	the cucumber lines, s94 (northern china open-field type, powdery mildew (pm) susceptible) and s06 (european greenhouse type, pm resistant), and their f(6:7) populations were used to investigate pm resistance under seedling spray inoculation in 2005/autumn and 2006/spring. qtl analysis was undertaken based on a constructed molecular linkage map of the corresponding f(6) population using composite interval mapping. a total of four qtls (pm1.1, pm2.1, pm4.1 and pm6.1) for pm resistance were identif ...	2008	18989643
protein oxidation in the leaves and roots of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.), mutant msc16 and wild type.	reactive oxygen species (ros) may cause irreversible carbonylation of proteins, resulting in structural and/or functional modifications. carbonylated proteins were analyzed and compared in tissue extracts or purified mitochondria isolated from the leaves and roots of wild-type (wt) or msc16 mutant cucumber plants. for analysis of the oxidized protein formation and degradation, several techniques were applied: western blotting, quantitative, spectrophotometric assay of carbonyl concentration and ...	2008	17928097
[influences of phosphate deficiency in the medium on growth, activities of antioxidant enzymes and utilization of nitrogen resource in cucumis sativus hairy roots].	effects of phosphorus deficiency in the medium on growth and morphology and activities of sod and pod, utilization of nitrogen and calcium in the medium during liquid culture of cucumis sativus hairy roots were investigated. the results showed that c. sativus hairy roots can not grow in the medium without addition of any phosphorus. when cultured into the medium with different pi concentrations, the growth of c. sativus hairy roots was significantly inhibited with the decreasing of pi concentrat ...	2008	19160844
[effects of graft and nitrogen supply level on water consumption and water use efficiency of solar greenhouse cucumber under traditional irrigation].	an experiment was conducted in solar greenhouse to study the effects of graft and different nitrogen (n) supply levels (0, 110, and 331 kg k x hm(-2)) on the water consumption and water use efficiency (wue) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) under traditional irrigation. the results showed that when topdressing 331 kg n x hm(-2), the water consumption of grafted cucumber was the highest, being 3350 m3 x hm(-2) and 2181 m3 x hm(-2) in winter-spring and autumn-winter cropping, so did the wue, being ...	2008	19288719
distribution of the tandem repeat sequences and karyotyping in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) by fluorescence in situ hybridization.	we analyzed repeat sequences composition in the genome of cucumber inbred line 9930 using whole-genome shotgun reads. the analysis showed that satellite dna sequences are the most dominant components in the cucumber genome. the distribution pattern of several tandem repeat sequences (type i/ii, type iii and type iv) on cucumber chromosomes was visualized using fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the fish signals of the type iii and 45s rdna provide useful cytogenetic markers, whose positi ...	2008	18931490
triterpene glycosides from antarctic sea cucumbers. 1. structure of liouvillosides a1, a2, a3, b1, and b2 from the sea cucumber staurocucumis liouvillei: new procedure for separation of highly polar glycoside fractions and taxonomic revision.	five new triterpene glycosides, liouvillosides a1 (1), a2 (2), a3 (3), b1 (4), and b2 (5), have been isolated from the antarctic sea cucumber staurocucumis liouviellei along with the known liouvilloside a(6), isolated earlier from the same species, and hemoiedemosides a (7) and b (8), isolated earlier from the patagonian sea cucumber hemioedema spectabilis. the isolation was carried out using a new chromatographic procedure including application of ion-pair reversed-phase chromatography followed ...	2008	18841904
response of plasma membrane h+-atpase to heavy metal stress in cucumis sativus roots.	the effect of heavy metals on the modification of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase (ec 3.6.3.14) activity in cucumber roots was studied. in plants stressed for 2 h with 10 microm or 100 microm cd, cu or ni the hydrolytic as well as the transporting activity of h(+)-atpase in the plasma membranes of root cells was decreased. transcript levels of cucumis sativus plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in roots treated with 10 microm cd, cu, or ni as well as with 100 microm cu or ni were similar to the control, ind ...	2008	18820260
synthesis and phytotoxic activity of ozonides.	the [4 + 3] cycloaddition of the proper furans with the oxyallyl cation, generated in situ from 2,4-dibromopentan-3-one, produced a series of 8-oxabicyclo [3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-ones. exposure of the oxabicycles to ozone afforded the corresponding 8,9,10,11-tetraoxatricyclo[5.2.1.1 (2,6)]undecan-4-ones in variable yields (7-100%). the phytotoxic properties of these ozonides (or 1,2,4-trioxolanes) and their oxabicycle precursors were evaluated as the ability to interfere with the growth of sorghum bic ...	2008	18808140
quantitative trait locus analysis of lateral branch-related traits in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) using recombinant inbred lines.	a group of 224 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was derived from a narrow cross between 2 cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) lines, namely, s94 (northern china type with weak lateral branch growth potential and early lateral branch sprouting time) and s06 (northern european type with strong lateral branch growth potential and late lateral branch sprouting time). these lines were then used for investigating lateral branch-related traits. a total of 36 quantitative trait loci (qtls) were detected for th ...	2008	18726531
development and fine mapping of three co-dominant scar markers linked to the m/m gene in the cucumber plant (cucumis sativus l.).	owing to its diverse sex types, the cucumber plant has been studied widely as a model for sex determination. in addition to environmental factors and plant hormones, three major genes-f/f, m/m, and a/a-regulate the sex types in the cucumber plant. by combining the bulked segregant analysis (bsa) and the sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap) technology, we identified eight markers linking to the m/m locus. among them, the two closely linked srap markers flanking the m/m locus were the co ...	2008	18712515
survey of organochlorine pesticides in horticultural soils and there grown cucurbitaceae.	organochlorine pesticides (ocp) are still found in food and feed crops although they were applied about 40 years ago. there is a considerable knowledge gap concerning the extent of soil and crop contamination by ocp. we performed two surveys in 2002 and 2005 to assess the loads of ocp in 41 swiss horticultural fields under organic and conventional production and corresponding cucurbitaceae fruits (cucumbers, zucchini, and pumpkin), whereas these fields stay for intensive agricultural production ...	2008	18691732
the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system is involved in the auxin-induced cucumber adventitious rooting process.	indole acetic acid (iaa) is an important regulator of adventitious rooting via the activation of complex signaling cascades. in animals, carbon monoxide (co), mainly generated by heme oxygenases (hos), is a significant modulator of inflammatory reactions, affecting cell proliferation and the production of growth factors. in this report, we show that treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid prevented auxin-mediated induction of adventitious rooting and also decreased t ...	2008	18689445
trace analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues on fruits and vegetables by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.	the simultaneous determination of dithiocarbamate (dtc) fungicide residues on fruits and vegetables was performed by liquid chromatography (lc) on a zic-philic column coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms). for each dtc subclass, i.e. dimethyldithiocarbamates (dmds), ethylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (ebds), and propylenebis(dithiocarbamates) (pbds), the limits of detection and quantification were approximately 0.001 and 0.005 mg kg(-1), respectively. recoveries from tomatoes, spiked in the ran ...	2008	18649322
genetic association of ethylene-insensitive3-like sequence with the sex-determining m locus in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) has served as the model system for sex expression in flowering plants and its sex type is predominantly controlled by two genetic loci, f and m. ethylene is the major plant hormone that regulates sex expression in cucumber. the current model predicts that ethylene serves as both a promoter of femaleness via the f locus and an inhibitor of the male sex via the m locus. in support of this model, genetic, genomic, and transcript analyses indicate that the f gene encode ...	2008	18629467
dna adducts as biomarkers for oxidative and genotoxic stress from pesticides in crop plants.	plant studies have been carried out to identify the nature and extent of the formation of adducts with dna bases when treated with pesticide formulations. dna extracted from crop plants after treatment with pesticide formulations has yielded evidence of adduct formation. the extent of dna modification has been established by (32)p postlabeling studies. the radiochromatograms from (32)p postlabeling of isolated plant dna from grapes, bush beans, soybeans, pumpkins, and cucumbers show elevated add ...	2008	18611026
[influence of cyclopentane beta,beta'-triketones on the ultrastructure of root cap meristematic cells of cucumis sativus l. seedlings].	the influence of cyclopentane beta,beta'-triketones on the ultrastructure of root cap meristematic cells of cucumis sativus l. under inhibition of root growth by these compounds was studied. it was shown that treatment of the seedlings by these substances at the concentration of 100 microg/ml caused, on the one hand, stimulation of protein-synthesizing apparatus (increase in the nucleolus size and in the number of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes) and, on the other hand, st ...	2008	18540195
origin of cadmium-induced reactive oxygen species production: mitochondrial electron transfer versus plasma membrane nadph oxidase.	* cadmium (cd(2+)) is an environmental pollutant that causes increased reactive oxygen species (ros) production. to determine the site of ros production, the effect of cd(2+) on ros production was studied in isolated soybean (glycine max) plasma membranes, potato (solanum tuberosum) tuber mitochondria and roots of intact seedlings of soybean or cucumber (cucumis sativus). * the effects of cd(2+) on the kinetics of superoxide (o2-), hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and hydroxyl radical ((oh) genera ...	2008	18537884
stamen development in arabidopsis is arrested by organ-specific overexpression of a cucumber ethylene synthesis gene csaco2.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) has served as a model to understand hormone regulation in unisexual flower development since the 1950s and the role of ethylene in promoting female flower development has been well documented. recent studies cloned the f-locus in gynoecious lines as an additional copy of the acc synthase (acs) gene, which further confirmed the role of ethylene in the promotion of female cucumber flowers. however, no direct evidence was generated to demonstrate that increases in endo ...	2008	18506477
single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of volatile aldehydes in fresh cucumbers.	headspace single-drop microextraction (hs-sdme) was used as a rapid and reliable method for the isolation and preconcentration of volatile aldehydes from fresh cucumbers. the utility of this methodology is demonstrated in the determination of (e)-2-nonenal and (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal. the limit of detection, linearity and repeatability have been determined for 2,6-nonadienal and (e)-2-nonenal. limits of detection for nonenal and nonadienal were 0.05 and 0.04 mg kg(-1), respectively. the repeatabili ...	2008	18415084
overexpression of the cucumber leafy homolog cfl and hormone treatments alter flower development in gloxinia (sinningia speciosa).	leafy (lfy) and lfy-like genes control the initiation of floral meristems and regulate mads-box genes in higher plants. the cucumber-flo-lfy (cfl) gene, a lfy homolog in cucumis sativus l. is expressed in the primordia, floral primordia, and each whirl of floral organs during the early stage of flower development. in this study, functions of cfl in flower development were investigated by overexpressing the cfl gene in gloxinia (sinningia speciosa). our results show that constitutive cfl overexpr ...	2008	18392697
nitric oxide triggers phosphatidic acid accumulation via phospholipase d during auxin-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber.	auxin and nitric oxide (no) play fundamental roles throughout plant life. no is a second messenger in auxin signal transduction leading to root developmental processes. the mechanisms triggered by auxin and no that direct adventitious root (ar) formation are beginning to be unraveled. the goal of this work was to study phospholipid (pl) signaling during the auxin- and no-induced ar formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus) explants. explants were labeled with 32p-inorganic phosphate and treated wi ...	2008	18375601
stage-dependent border cell and carbon flow from roots to rhizosphere.	rising co(2) levels in the atmosphere have drawn attention to the important role of soil in sequestering carbon. this project goal was to quantify soil carbon deposition associated with border cell release and exudation from root growth zones. carbon was measured with a carlo erba c/n analyzer in soil from the rhizosphere of mature grasses and, in separate experiments, in soil collected around root growth zones. root border cells in "rhizosphere soil" (silica sand) were counted using a compound ...	2008	21632368
modification of vacuolar proton pumps in cucumber roots under salt stress.	the time-dependent effect of 50mm nacl on the activities of two tonoplast proton pumps was investigated in cucumis sativus l. var. krak root cells. distinct activity profiles for vacuolar proton transporting atpase (v-atpase) (ec 3.6.3.14) and vacuolar proton transporting pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) (ec 3.6.1.1) under salinity are presented. atp-dependent proton transport and atp hydrolysis increased after 24h of nacl exposure, and then decreased in roots stressed with nacl for 4 and 8d. both pp(i ...	2008	18342986
stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposites inspired by the sea cucumber dermis.	sea cucumbers, like other echinoderms, have the ability to rapidly and reversibly alter the stiffness of their inner dermis. it has been proposed that the modulus of this tissue is controlled by regulating the interactions among collagen fibrils, which reinforce a low-modulus matrix. we report on a family of polymer nanocomposites, which mimic this architecture and display similar chemoresponsive mechanic adaptability. materials based on a rubbery host polymer and rigid cellulose nanofibers exhi ...	2008	18323449
synaptosides a and a1, triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber synapta maculata containing 3-o-methylglucuronic acid and their cytotoxic activity against tumor cells.	two novel triterpene holostane glycosides, synaptosides a ( 1) and a 1 ( 2), have been isolated from the vietnamese sea cucumber synapta maculata (synaptida, apodida). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (nmr and ms) and chemical transformations. glycosides 1 and 2 have rare branched pentasaccharide carbohydrate chains featuring a 3- o-methylglucuronic acid residue not previously reported in glycosides from sea cucumbers and a 6- o-sulfated glucose. glycoside 2 has an oxo g ...	2008	18290630
[bioremediation potential of apostichopus japonicus (selenka) in coastal bivalve suspension aquaculture system].	suspension aquaculture of filter-feeding bivalves can produce large amount of faeces and pseudofaeces (biodeposits) that may impact aquaculture environment, while deposit-feeding sea cucumbers may effectively utilize such particulate wastes and act as a scavenger in mariculture system. in this paper, the ingestion, growth, and excretion of deposit-feeder apostichopus japonicus were investigated in situ seasonally to evaluate its bioremediation potential of a suspension aquaculture system of filt ...	2008	18593051
pollination of cucumber, cucumis sativus l. (cucurbitales: cucurbitaceae), by the stingless bees scaptotrigona aff. depilis moure and nannotrigona testaceicornis lepeletier (hymenoptera: meliponini) in greenhouses.	when for a successful fruit development the fertilization of flowers is necessary, bees can be used as crop-pollinators in greenhouses. in the present study, we investigated the effectiveness of the stingless bees scaptotrigona aff. depilis moure and nannotrigona testaceicornis lepeletier as pollinators of cucumber plants (cucumus sativus var. caipira) in greenhouses during the brazilian winter season. the study was conducted in four greenhouses (gh), of which two greenhouses contained bee colon ...	2008	19061034
asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols catalyzed by plants tissue.	as an important organic compound, chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many single enantiomer pharmaceuticals. asymmetric reduction of the corresponding prochiral ketones to produce the chiral alcohols by biocatalysis is one of the most promising routes. asymmetric reduction of different kinds of non-natural prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants tissue was studied in this work. acetophenone, 4'-chloroacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate were chosen as the model su ...	2008	18548304
larvicidal efficacy of five cucurbitaceous plant leaf extracts against mosquito species.	larvicidal activity of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, acetone, and methanol extracts of the leaf of five species of cucurbitaceous plants, citrullus colocynthis, coccinia indica, cucumis sativus, momordica charantia, and trichosanthes anguina, were tested against the early fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti l. and culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera: culicidae). the larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. all extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, ...	2008	18340464
expression of a high mobility group protein isolated from cucumis sativus affects the germination of arabidopsis thaliana under abiotic stress conditions.	although high mobility group b (hmgb) proteins have been identified from a variety of plant species, their importance and functional roles in plant responses to changing environmental conditions are largely unknown. here, we investigated the functional roles of a cshmgb isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in plant responses to environmental stimuli. under normal growth conditions or when subjected to cold stress, no differences in plant growth were found between the wild-type and transge ...	2008	18713428
microbiological preservation of cucumbers for bulk storage using acetic acid and food preservatives.	microbial growth did not occur when cucumbers were preserved without a thermal process by storage in solutions containing acetic acid, sodium benzoate, and calcium chloride to maintain tissue firmness. the concentrations of acetic acid and sodium benzoate required to ensure preservation were low enough so that stored cucumbers could be converted to the finished product without the need to wash out and discard excess acid or preservative. since no thermal process was required, this method of pres ...	2008	19241560
purification, virulence and characterization of an extracellular peptidase produced by aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from cultured sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.	strain h1, aeromonas salmonicida ssp. masoucida isolated from an ulcer on the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus proved to be virulent toward this holothurian at 12 degrees c. extracellular products (ecp) of strain h1 were prepared, and an extracellular peptidase of 42 kda was purified from the ecp using sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography and diethylaminoethyl sepharose ion exchange chromatography. stepwise virulence tests on sea cucumbers indicated that the 42 kda peptidase was the v ...	2008	19244974
the construction and characteristics of a bac library for cucumis sativus l. 'b10'.	cloning using bacterial artificial chromosomes (bacs) can yield high quality genomic libraries, which are used for the physical mapping, identification and isolation of genes, and for gene sequencing. a bac genomic library was constructed from high molecular weight dna (hmw dna) obtained from nuclei of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. borszczagowski; b10 line). the dna was digested with the hindiii restriction enzyme and ligated into the pcc1bac vector. the library consists of 34,560 bac clo ...	2008	17965974
changes in energy status of leaf cells as a consequence of mitochondrial genome rearrangement.	the msc16 cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) mutant with lower activity of mitochondrial complex i was used to study the influence of mitochondrial metabolism on whole cell energy and redox state. mutant plants had lower content of adenylates and nadp(h) whereas the nad(h) pool was similar as in wild type. subcellular compartmentation of adenylates and pyridine nucleotides were studied using the method of rapid fractionation of protoplasts. the data obtained demonstrate that dysfunction of mitochondr ...	2008	17968586
pyrroloquinoline quinone is a plant growth promotion factor produced by pseudomonas fluorescens b16.	pseudomonas fluorescens b16 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium. to determine the factors involved in plant growth promotion by this organism, we mutagenized wild-type strain b16 using omegakm elements and isolated one mutant, k818, which is defective in plant growth promotion, in a rockwool culture system. a cosmid clone, pok40, which complements the mutant k818, was isolated from a genomic library of the parent strain. tn3-gusa mutagenesis of pok40 revealed that the genes responsible fo ...	2008	18055583
temperature-sensitive photoreactivation of cyclobutane thymine dimer in soybean.	uv radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in dna, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and the pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproduct. cpds in plants are repaired by class ii cpd photolyase via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism. the genes for the class ii cpd photolyase have been cloned from higher plants such as arabidopsis, cucumis sativus (cucumber), oryza sativa (rice) and spinacia oleracea (spinach). flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) has been identified as a c ...	2008	18270478
construction of a fosmid library of cucumber (cucumis sativus) and comparative analyses of the eif4e and eif(iso)4e regions from cucumber and melon (cucumis melo).	a fosmid library of cucumber was synthesized as an unrestricted resource for researchers and used for comparative sequence analyses to assess synteny between the cucumber and melon genomes, both members of the genus cucumis and the two most economically important plants in the family cucurbitaceae. end sequencing of random fosmids produced over 680 kilobases of cucumber genomic sequence, of which 25% was similar to ribosomal dnas, 25% to satellite sequences, 20% to coding regions in other plants ...	2008	18273646
molecular variability of hop stunt viroid: identification of a unique variant with a tandem 15-nucleotide repeat from naturally infected plum tree.	for this study, 68 plum samples were collected from 12 provinces of china. low molecular weight rnas were extracted and used for dot-blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), return-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and biological indexing using cucumber. results showed that 15 out of the 68 plum samples were positive for hop stunt viroid (hsvd). four positive samples were selected for cloning and sequence analysis. results indicated that most hsvd sequences from the plum ...	2008	18324471
effects of long-term chilling on ultrastructure and antioxidant activity in leaves of two cucumber cultivars under low light.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cv. xintaimici (a chilling-resistant cultivar) and cv. jinyan no. 4 (a chilling-sensitive cultivar) were subjected to two temperatures (15/15 and 25/18 degrees c) under low light (100 mumol m(-2) s(-1)) to understand the relationship between ultrastructural changes and the antioxidant abilities caused by low temperature (15/15 degrees c). we also aimed to find indicators for chilling resistance that could be used on a routine basis in breeding programs of greenhouse ...	2008	18334000
role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from trichoderma, in plant root colonization.	swollenin, a protein first characterized in the saprophytic fungus trichoderma reesei, contains an n-terminal carbohydrate-binding module family 1 domain (cbd) with cellulose-binding function and a c-terminal expansin-like domain. this protein was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry among many other cellulolytic proteins secreted in the coculture hydroponics medium of cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings and trichoderma asperellum, a well-known biocontrol agent and inducer of p ...	2008	18400936
restoration of mature etiolated cucumber hypocotyl cell wall susceptibility to expansin by pretreatment with fungal pectinases and egta in vitro.	mature plant cell walls lose their ability to expand and become unresponsive to expansin. this phenomenon is believed to be due to cross-linking of hemicellulose, pectin, or phenolic groups in the wall. by screening various hydrolytic enzymes, we found that pretreatment of nongrowing, heat-inactivated, basal cucumber (cucumis sativus) hypocotyls with pectin lyase (pel1) from aspergillus japonicus could restore reconstituted exogenous expansin-induced extension in mature cell walls in vitro. reco ...	2008	18562768
[roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to botrytis cinerea pers].	under the conditions of root substrate injection and foliar spray of different concentration spermidine, this paper measured the disease index, defense enzyme activities, and contents of disease resistance-related substances in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings infected by botrytis cinerea pers., aimed to investigate the roles of spermidine in induced resistance of cucumber seedlings to b. cinerea. the results showed that after treated with spermidine, the disease index decreased by 25.4%, ...	2008	18593045
[distribution and characteristics of bacillus bacteria associated with hydrobionts and the waters of the peter the great bay, sea of japan].	bacilli of the species bacillus subtilis, b. pumilus, b. mycoides, b. marinus and b. licheniformis (a total of 53 strains) were isolated from 15 invertebrate species and the water of the vostok bay, peter the great bay, sea of japan. bacilli were most often isolated from bivalves (22.7%) and sea cucumbers (18.9%); they occurred less frequently in sea urchins and starfish (13.2 and 7.5%, respectively). most of bacilli strains were isolated from invertebrates inhabiting silted sediments. no bacill ...	2008	18825984
screening for soil streptomycetes from north jordan that can produce herbicidal compounds.	a total of 231 different soil streptomyces isolates were recovered from 16 different locations in north jordan. they were assessed for their phytotoxic activity on seeds of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) placed adjacent to a 2 cm wide streptomyces culture strips grown at 28c degrees for 3 weeks on starch casein nitrate (scn) agar. phytotoxicity was ascertained on the basis of suppressed seed germination, discoloration of the root tip, reduced root and the shoot gr ...	2008	19275043
[effects of temperature regime on low-light tolerance of cucumis sativus seedling leaves in their photosynthesis].	in a phytotron, the effects of three temperature regimes (day/night 25 degrees c/18 degrees c, optimal temperature; 15 degrees c/9 degrees c, suboptimal temperature; and 9 degrees c/7 degrees c, low temperature) on the low-light (75-85 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) tolerance of two cucumis sativus cultivars (shade-susceptible jinyan 2 and shade-tolerant deltastar) seedling leaves in their photosynthesis were studied. the results showed that under low light, the spad, net photosynthesis rate (pn), st ...	2008	19288717
pesticide residues in agricultural products monitored in hyogo prefecture, japan, fys 1995-1999.	during a 5-year monitoring survey (april 1995-march 2000) of pesticide residues in agricultural products, 765 samples (478 domestic; 287 imported) collected in hyogo prefecture, japan, were analyzed. the number of pesticides tested increased from 107 in fiscal year (fy) 1995 to 204 in fy 1999. the purpose of the study was to promote consumer safety by excluding the food illegally containing pesticide residues from markets. overall, 51 % of domestic and 32% of imported samples contained no detect ...	2008	12083262
boron-induced amelioration of aluminium toxicity in a monocot and a dicot species.	previous research has reported inconsistent results from experiments on the influence of boron (b) on plant sensitivity to potentially toxic aluminium (al) concentrations. differences in b requirement and cell wall properties among species, especially between poaceae and dicots, may account for this. this investigation reports amelioration by b of al-induced inhibition of root elongation in al-sensitive cucumber (cucumis sativus), but not in al-sensitive maize (zea mays). vital staining, however ...	2008	17697729
exogenous spermidine differentially alters activities of some scavenging system enzymes, h(2)o(2) and superoxide radical levels in water-stressed cucumber leaves.	in order to examine whether polyamines (pas) modify the functioning of the scavenging system and oxidative stress levels in water-stressed plants, cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings were treated with spermidine (spd) prior to dehydration, and stress-evoked changes in superoxide dismutase (sod) (ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (ec 1.11.1.6), guaiacol peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) activities, h(2)o(2) and superoxide radical levels were determined. free pa content during spd treatment and during the stress ...	2008	17658660
comparison of heavy metal effect on the proton pumps of plasma membrane and tonoplast in cucumber root cells.	the effects of 10 microm cadmium, copper and nickel on the activities of vacuolar membrane and plasma membrane (pm) atp-dependent proton pumps was investigated in cucumis sativus l. root cells. it was demonstrated that vacuolar h+-atpase (ec 3.6.3.14) and pm h+-atpase (ec 3.6.3.6) differed in sensitivity to heavy metals. exposure of cucumber seedlings to cd, cu and ni had no significant effect on the activity of the vacuolar proton pump and, in the case of ni, also on the activity of the pm prot ...	2008	17658657
p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid impairs auxin response for gravity-regulated peg formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings form a specialized protuberance, the peg, on the transition zone between the hypocotyl and the root. when cucumber seeds germinate in a horizontal position, the seedlings develop a peg on the lower side of the transition zone. to verify the role of auxin action in peg formation, we examined the effect of the anti-auxin, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (pcib), on peg formation and mrna accumulation of auxin-regulated genes. application of pcib to cucumber se ...	2008	17987258
[signal trait of cucumbers].	a mutant of cucumber characterized by the absence of nappiness on all the organs of the plant was found at birjuchekutian station in 1970. this character is recessive and is manifested in the second generation showing a 3:1 ratio of nappy and plain plants. on the basis of this mutant, forms of cucumber without nappiness were obtained. plain plants are distinguished especially well at the initial stages of development when the first leaf appears. they are viable and productive, grow perfectly wel ...	2008	929676
multiresidue liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of pyrethroid insecticides in fruits and vegetables.	a simple and rapid liquid chromatographic (lc) method has been developed for simultaneous determination of 9 pyrethroid insecticides (biphenthrin, cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, methothrin, permethrin, py-115, and tetramethrin) in fruits and vegetables. residues are extracted from crops with methanol and partitioned with toluene. extracts are cleaned up by florisil-charcoal column chromatography. lc separation is performed on a mubondapak c18 stainless steel column with ...	2008	8664585
continuous uv-b irradiation induces morphological changes and the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds on the surface of cucumber cotyledons.	sharp-headed and globular-headed trichomes are found on the surface of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons. most sharp-headed trichomes consist of three cells. toluidine blue o stains sharp-headed but not globular-headed trichomes. the effect of continuous ultraviolet-b (uv-b; 290-320 nm) irradiation on the surface of cucumber cotyledons was examined with respect to the two trichome types. continuous uv-b irradiation induced cell division at or under the basal part of sharp-headed trichomes ...	2007	17690531
exogonadal oogenesis in a temperate holothurian.	unusual structures were detected on the visceral peritoneum of the ovarian tubules in about 5%-10% of female sea cucumbers (cucumaria frondosa) collected off newfoundland, eastern canada. the condition varied from mild to severe, with localized castration observed in the most heavily affected tubule sections. investigation of the structures using histology, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and gene analysis revealed that they were oocytes at different stages of development, growing singly ...	2007	17928517
thermal requirement and development of liriomyza sativae (diptera: agromyzidae) on cucumber.	the effect of temperature on developmental rate of vegetable leafminer, liriomyza sativae blanchard (diptera: agromyzidae), was determined at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees c) on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. 'negin'. the total developmental period (oviposition to adult emergence) decreased with increasing temperature, although no development occurred at 10 and 40 degrees c. using the linear model, the estimated lower temperature threshold for the egg, larval, ...	2007	17461057
[a highly efficient system for induction of female flowers in derooted seedlings of cucumis sativus l. grown on the medium].	this paper reported the synergistic effect of kt and iaa, and the effects of age of seedlings, length of hypocotyls, nitrogen contents and nh(+)(4)-n/tn ratio on the induction of female flowers in derooted seedlings of cucumis sativus l. for the establishment of an efficient system for the induction of female flowers. when cultured on ms basal medium supplemented with kt 3.0 mg/l and iaa 0.01 mg/l, an induction rate of 28% was obtained for the 7-day-old derooted seedlings with 1/2 hypocotyl, 12% ...	2007	17452802
[effects of d-arginine on polyamine content and anaerobic respiration metabolism of cucumber seedling roots under hypoxia stress].	by the method of solution culture, this paper studied the effects of d-arginine on the seedling roots polyamine content and anaerobic respiration metabolism of two cucumber ( cucumis sativus l. ) cultivars zhongnong no. 8 and lübachun no. 4 differed in hypoxia tolerance. the results showed that under hypoxia stress, the putrescine (put), spermidine (spd) and spermine (spm) contents in the seedling roots of test cultivars increased significantly, and anaerobic respiration accelerated. the ethanol ...	2007	17450743
intact plant magnetic resonance imaging to study dynamics in long-distance sap flow and flow-conducting surface area.	due to the fragile pressure gradients present in the xylem and phloem, methods to study sap flow must be minimally invasive. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) meets this condition. a dedicated mri method to study sap flow has been applied to quantify long-distance xylem flow and hydraulics in an intact cucumber (cucumis sativus) plant. the accuracy of this mri method to quantify sap flow and effective flow-conducting area is demonstrated by measuring the flow characteristics of the water in a vir ...	2007	17449653