Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| heterogeneity of ubiquitin pathology in frontotemporal lobar degeneration: classification and relation to clinical phenotype. | we have investigated the extent and pattern of immunostaining for ubiquitin protein (ubq) in 60 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ftld) with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions (ftld-u), 37 of whom were ascertained in manchester uk and 23 in newcastle-upon-tyne, uk. there were three distinct histological patterns according to the form and distribution of the ubq pathology. histological type 1 was present in 19 patients (32%) and characterised by the presence of a moderate ... | 2006 | 17021754 |
| bioaccessible arsenic in the home environment in southwest england. | samples of household dust and garden soil were collected from twenty households in the vicinity of an ex-mining site in southwest england and from nine households in a control village. all samples were analysed by icp-ms for pseudo-total arsenic (as) concentrations and the results show clearly elevated levels, with maximum as concentrations of 486 microg g(-1) in housedusts and 471 microg g(-1) in garden soils (and mean concentrations of 149 microg g(-1) and 262 microg g(-1), respectively). arse ... | 2006 | 17023026 |
| assessment of factors contributing to changes in the incidence of antimicrobial drug resistance in salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium from humans in england and wales in 2000, 2002 and 2004. | an investigation into changes in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium from human infection in england and wales in 2000, 2002 and 2004 has shown that the incidence of strains of s. enteritidis with resistance to nalidixic acid coupled with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin has more than doubled between 2000 and 2004, whereas the overall levels of resistance in s. typhimurium have fallen by ca. 25%. in relation to publishe ... | 2006 | 17029756 |
| use of crystal methamphetamine among gay men in london. | to examine the use of crystal methamphetamine (crystal meth) and its association with high-risk sexual behaviour among gay men in london. | 2006 | 17034442 |
| creating a medical english-swedish dictionary using interactive word alignment. | this paper reports on a parallel collection of rubrics from the medical terminology systems icd-10, icf, mesh, ncsp and ksh97-p and its use for semi-automatic creation of an english-swedish dictionary of medical terminology. the methods presented are relevant for many other west european language pairs than english-swedish. | 2006 | 17034649 |
| the health effects of flooding: social research results from england and wales. | this paper presents interview survey data by social scientists using established health measures on the health effects of flooding for residents in 30 locations in england and wales. firstly, it examines the extent to which flooded residents reported suffering physical and psychological health effects during and after the event. secondly, it explores the issue of whether these effects were long-lasting by comparisons with the general population and with those at risk but not flooded. in the stud ... | 2006 | 17036844 |
| determination of the mutation spectrum of the ext1/ext2 genes in british caucasian patients with multiple osteochondromas, and exclusion of six candidate genes in ext negative cases. | we describe here the spectrum and distribution of mutations in the ext1 and ext2 genes in the largest reported british caucasian multiple osteochondromas (mo) population. furthermore, we report for the first time the screening of the ext1 and ext2 promoters, 5'utrs, and 3'utrs, and exclude six potential mo candidate genes in individuals without a detectable mutation within the coding region of ext1 and ext2. the coding exons of ext1 and ext2 were screened in 72 unrelated probands affected with m ... | 2006 | 17041877 |
| florence nightingale: appreciating our legacy, envisioning our future. | "if a man does not keep pace with his companions, perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. let him step to the music that he hears, however measured or far away." this quote is attributed to henry david thoreau, (walden, 1854) not florence nightingale, but it certainly can describe florence, particularly in early life. florence, you can say, "had it all": wealth, education, a doting extended family, and a life of leisure, which included the opportunity to travel anywhere in the world. ... | 2006 | 17273011 |
| the benefits of drinking water quality regulation--england and wales. | this paper aims to demonstrate that the regulation of drinking water quality in england and wales has been successful in securing the improvements to drinking water quality resulting in better performance against eu and national standards. the water industry in england and wales went through a major change in 1989 when suppliers were privatised and the government set up a robust regulatory regime. the regime was necessary as the industry was, as a result of privatisation, a monopoly with custome ... | 2006 | 17302343 |
| analysis of the potential for survival and seasonal activity of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the united kingdom. | the international trade in used tires, coupled with the ability to lay non-desiccating eggs, has enabled aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) to travel and establish on new continents, including north, central, and south america, the caribbean, australasia, africa, and europe. concerns have been raised over its potential role in the transmission of arboviruses and dirofilaria nematodes. following importation into northerly latitudes, photoperiodically-induced egg diapause enables establ ... | 2006 | 17249347 |
| [sexual violence against women--the analysis of the phenomenon as exemplified by the jack the ripper case]. | from the beginning of human civilization, sexuality has been controlled by morals and laws. using the example of jack the ripper, the authors present the significant and very serious problem of violence against women in the aspect of crime detection and forensic sexuology. according to lernell [1], sex crimes are defined as "such types of sexuality-related human behaviors (including their consequences) that are forbidden by law" [2]. such crimes encompass sex murders. criminal behaviors of a sex ... | 2006 | 17249375 |
| commentary: uk perspective on competency to stand trial. | this commentary offers a perspective from another common law jurisdiction, specifically the law in england and wales, where competency to stand trial on a criminal charge is known as fitness to plead. the commentary begins with a discussion on the principle of proportionality evident in health care decisions by way of comparison with the topic in the criminal arena. fitness to plead is an historical legal concept and employs an intellectual test that has evolved very little since its appearance ... | 2006 | 17185475 |
| sympatric ixodes trianguliceps and ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on field voles (microtus agrestis): potential for increased risk of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the united kingdom? | the importance of wild rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens is considered low in the united kingdom because, in studies to date, those parasitized by exophilic ixodes ricinus ticks carry almost exclusively larvae and thus have a minor role in transmission cycles. in a cross-sectional study, 11 (6.7%) of 163 field voles (microtus agrestis) captured at field sites in northern england were pcr-positive for anaplasma phagocytophilum. the voles were found to act as hosts for both la ... | 2006 | 17187576 |
| medical treatment of dementia patients at the end of life: can the law accommodate the personal identity and welfare problems? | this article considers whether two significant philosophical objections to autonomy-based legal approaches to decision-making for incompetent individuals could be accommodated by the law. these philosophical objections are known as the personal identity and welfare problems. the article first sets out the autonomy-based approaches and their objections. next, the present legal position is briefly canvassed in a comparative vein. finally, the article suggests how the personal identity and welfare ... | 2006 | 17190349 |
| prematurity or immaturity? | birth in the human is particularly difficult compared with that in the other primates. bipedalism has evolved over the past 6 or 7 million years, and has resulted in a small pelvis, adapted to the upright posture. in recent millennia, the increasing size of the fetal head at birth has made childbirth difficult. haig has suggested that the mother and fetus do not have identical interests; the baby benefits from being large at birth, while it is easier for the mother to deliver a small baby. many ... | 2006 | 17206981 |
| influenza, campylobacter and mycoplasma infections, and hospital admissions for guillain-barré syndrome, england. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in polio-free regions. considerable evidence links campylobacter infection with gbs, but evidence that implicates other pathogens as triggers remains scarce. we conducted a time-series analysis to investigate short-term correlations between weekly laboratory-confirmed reports of putative triggering pathogens and weekly hospitalizations for gbs in england from 1993 through 2002. we found a positive association betwe ... | 2006 | 17326939 |
| cell-free dna levels in pregnancies at risk of sickle-cell disease and significant ethnic variation. | cell-free (cf) dna in maternal circulation is increasingly investigated in pregnancy. this study aimed to determine whether sickle-cell trait women had quantitative differences of cf-dna to controls and if there was an ethnic difference between the cf-dna levels of northern european and african/african-caribbean populations. non-invasive prenatal diagnosis, through quantification of fetal and total cf-dna, was tested in 33 pregnant women at risk of carrying a fetus affected with sickle-cell dise ... | 2006 | 17107357 |
| medicine and the arts. all things wise and wonderful [excerpt] by james herriot. commentary. | 2006 | 17354336 | |
| emotion in political discourse: contrasting approaches to stem cell governance in the usa, uk, israel and germany. | in august 2004, stojkovic and murdoch from the university of newcastle upon tyne, uk, were granted the uk's first license to create human embryonic stem cells (hescs) using cell nuclear replacement. while this news made headlines around the globe, a spokesman for the german ministry of research warned scientists in his country of the illegality of advising their english colleagues on hesc research. meanwhile, us members of congress had asked president bush to revoke his decision to limit federal ... | 2006 | 17465763 |
| temporality and collectivity: diversity, history and the rhetorical construction of national entitativity. | vernacular representations of nationhood collected in england differed from canonical accounts of social categorization in three respects. first, nations were not typically constructed as simple person categories, but rather as hybrid collectivities of human beings, objects and geographical locations. second, national representation was not confined to the present tense, but was typically conveyed through temporal distinctions and narratives. third, speakers displayed a reflexive concern over th ... | 2006 | 17393874 |
| moving genetics into clinical cancer care: examples from brca gene testing and telemedicine. | the translation of genetic knowledge from the research laboratory into the clinical arena is a complex and challenging process. the skills and expertise required are different from those required by a successful laboratory scientist. recognising the scale of the challenge, university college london has established the institute of human genetics and health; a unique, multi-disciplinary initiative examining the impact of genetic knowledge on human health and disease. the testing of the brca1 and ... | 2006 | 17382866 |
| r (on the application of quintavalle) v human fertilisation and embryology authority. | court decision: [2005] 2 all england law reports 555; 2005 apr 28 (date of decision). the house of lords affirmed the court of appeal, which held that both pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and hla typing of an embryo may be used to determine the suitability of an embryo for transfer, as determined by a particular mother. the mother in this case wished to use in vitro fertilization to conceive a child that could be a compatible stem cell donor for her son who suffered from beta thalassemia. | 2005 | 17042106 |
| brain donation for research: consent and re-consent post alder hey. | recent scandals relating to the unconsented retention and use of human organs in the uk have led to widespread changes to governance and ethical frameworks for research throughout england and wales. ethics committees now ask for proof of specific consent where general medical research consent was once sufficient. in order to meet these new requirements ongoing medical research studies have had to replace existing consent forms with more detailed ones that must be signed anew by prospective donor ... | 2005 | 17139813 |
| are ethnic minorities excluded from clinical research? | under-representation and limited participation of ethnic minorities in clinical research is a source of concern. | 2005 | 17139814 |
| what is ehealth (5): a research agenda for ehealth through stakeholder consultation and policy context review. | in 2003, the national health service in england and wales, despite its large investment in information and communication technology, had not set a national research agenda. the national health service has three main research and development programs: one is the service delivery and organisation program, commissioned in 2003, and the others are two parallel "scoping exercises" to help set a research agenda. this paper reports on one of those projects. a parallel literature review was carried out ... | 2005 | 16403718 |
| archaeology: life on the costa del cromer. | 2005 | 16355198 | |
| resistance to oxyiminocephalosporins mediated by blatem-52 genes in salmonella typhimurium from humans in england and wales. | the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among salmonella is a matter of great public health concern, more so in the case of extended-spectrum cephalosporins, since these antimicrobials are normally regarded as the drugs of choice for complicated cases of infection. this study was designed to determine the occurrence of resistance mediated by the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) enzymes belonging to the tem family. only two isolates were detected after analysis of the 278,30 ... | 2005 | 16366860 |
| [analysis of the ethical consequences of the new proposed mental health legislation (mental health bill 2004) for england and wales]. | the article examines the ethical consequences of the new mental health act for england and wales. particular emphasis is put on the apparent ethical shift from rights-based principles to utilitarian principles. this shift is particularly evident in the proposed provision for compulsory community treatment and with regards to patients with dangerous and severe personality disorders. | 2005 | 16235141 |
| mutual suffering: a nurse's story of caring for the living as they are dying. | the aim of this study was to uncover the meaning of the lived experience of mutual suffering in relation to the care of a dying patient. the study took place within an acute medical ward in a district general hospital on the south coast of england as part of a reflective practice development programme. parse's human becoming theory provided a framework for the study and parse's research methodology was adopted. understanding the nature of human relationships within nursing practice is central to ... | 2005 | 16255739 |
| household disposal of pharmaceuticals as a pathway for aquatic contamination in the united kingdom. | pharmaceuticals are produced and used in increasingly large volumes every year. with this growth comes concern about the fate and effects of these compounds in the environment. the discovery of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment has stimulated research in the last decade. a wide range of pharmaceuticals has been found in fresh and marine waters, and it has recently been shown that even in small quantities, some of these compounds have the potential to cause harm to aquatic life. the prim ... | 2005 | 16330351 |
| human and animal health: strengthening the link: politics and economics inhibited control of anthrax last century. | 2005 | 16339257 | |
| mutations in the gene lrrk2 encoding dardarin (park8) cause familial parkinson's disease: clinical, pathological, olfactory and functional imaging and genetic data. | we have established that the frequency of lrrk2 mutations in a series of 118 cases of familial parkinson's disease is 5.1%. in the largest family with autosomal dominant, late-onset parkinson's disease where affected subjects share a y1699c missense mutation we provide a detailed clinical, pathological and imaging report. the phenotype in this large british kindred included asymmetrical, levodopa-responsive parkinsonism where unilateral leg tremor at onset and foot dystonia were prominent featur ... | 2005 | 16272164 |
| spatial and temporal epidemiology of sporadic human cases of escherichia coli o157 in scotland, 1996-1999. | in scotland, between 1995 and 2000 there were between 4 and 10 cases of illness per 100000 population per year identified as being caused by escherichia coli o157, whereas in england and wales there were between 1 and 2 cases per 100000 population per year. within scotland there is significant regional variation. a cluster of high rate areas was identified in the northeast of scotland and a cluster of low rate areas in central-west scotland. temporal trends follow a seasonal pattern whilst spati ... | 2005 | 16274499 |
| a survey of users and non-users of a uk teaching hospital library and information service. | the lancashire teaching hospitals nhs trust was formed in 2002 with the merger of two existing trusts. the library services unified to create a new expanded service with 11 staff. | 2005 | 16293169 |
| flu blues. | flu is at best miserable and at worst can have serious complications. children are as vulnerable to the infection as adults and in certain circumstances vaccination is recommended. attack rates of the virus are highest in preschool and school age children. symptoms in children are the same as in adults but may also be accompanied by nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. children are at higher risk of complications, especially otitis media. in england and wales in 2003, 11 children aged between one and ... | 2005 | 16295596 |
| recurrences of free trisomy 21: analysis of data from the national down syndrome cytogenetic register. | to determine the recurrence risk of a free trisomy 21 pregnancy. | 2005 | 16231400 |
| judges support doctors' decision to stop treating dying man. | 2005 | 16150761 | |
| resistance among escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man. | we investigated whether sulphonamide resistance in escherichia coli remained prevalent in 2004, 9 years since the formal introduction of a uk prescribing restriction on co-trimoxazole. resistance to other agents no longer in common use was also examined. | 2005 | 16150859 |
| bournewood--the future. | the recent ruling on the bournewood case by the european court of human rights could have serious implications for health and social services. we have summarised the pathway that has been followed in reaching this outcome and sought to examine the possible adverse consequences of this ruling, both for the health service and for the people whom we seek to treat. finally, we have also examined ways in which the mental capacity bill and draft mental health bill could possibly provide solutions to t ... | 2005 | 16117279 |
| card15 polymorphisms in behçet's disease. | behçet's disease (bd) is a chronic multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology, which shares many features of the inflammatory bowel diseases (ibds). card15 has recently been identified as the first susceptibility gene in crohn's disease (cd). | 2005 | 16134731 |
| the middlesex university rehabilitation robot. | this paper describes the development of an electrically powered wheelchair-mounted manipulator for use by severely disabled persons. a detailed review is given explaining the specification. it describes the construction of the device and its control architecture. the prototype robot used several gesture recognition and other input systems. the system has been tested on disabled and non-disabled users. they observed that it was easy to use but about 50% slower than comparable systems before desig ... | 2005 | 16012066 |
| knowledge of cervical cancer and screening among women in east-central england. | this study assesses the extent and accuracy of women's knowledge of cervical cancer, risk factors, and the efficacy of the national screening program. data were obtained from a questionnaire survey of randomly selected women eligible for screening, drawn from a population in east-central england. the majority of women in the sample overestimated the current incidence of cervical cancer, both absolutely and relative to other cancers. perceiving incidence to be high was associated with reporting w ... | 2005 | 16014118 |
| admiral lord nelson's death: known and unknown--a historical review of the anatomy. | reviewing documents about lord admiral nelson's wound inflicted at the battle of trafalgar and studying the collected data in connection with ballistics and human anatomy. | 2005 | 16158073 |
| survey of dermatophytes on clinically normal cats in the southeast of england. | to report the incidence of dermatophytes on the hair coat of asymptomatic cats in the southeast of england. asymptomatic cats are often blamed for transmission of dermatophytes between animals and humans. this study may help to clarify whether cats are responsible for the increase in fungal infections among the human population. | 2005 | 16167594 |
| national survey of working life in public health after 'shifting the balance of power': results of first survey. | 'shifting the balance of power' restructured public health in england by abolishing district health authorities and relocating public health in primary care trusts (pcts). concern at the time was focused on whether there would be adequate human and other resources available to achieve the expanded public health agenda. a survey was conducted to explore these issues. | 2005 | 16169566 |
| entry screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) or influenza: policy evaluation. | 2005 | 16176938 | |
| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with reading disabilities: preliminary genetic findings on the involvement of the adra2a gene. | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and reading disability (rd) tend to co-occur and quantitative genetic studies have shown this to arise primarily through shared genetic influences. however, molecular genetic studies have shown different genes to be associated with each of these conditions. neurobiological studies have implicated noradrenergic function in the aetiology of adhd that is comorbid with rd. this paper examines the neurobiological evidence and presents preliminary testin ... | 2005 | 16178932 |
| modelling the impact of an influenza pandemic on critical care services in england. | the uk influenza pandemic contingency plan does not consider the impact of a pandemic on critical care services. we modelled the demand for critical care beds in england with software developed by the centers for disease control (flusurge 1.0), using a range of attack rates and pandemic durations. using inputs that have been employed in uk department of health scenarios (25% attack rate and 8-week pandemic duration) resulted in a demand for ventilatory support that exceeded 200% of present capac ... | 2005 | 16179037 |
| foodborne general outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 infection, england and wales, 1992-2002: where are the risks? | foodborne outbreaks of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 (pt4) infection (n=497), reported to the health protection agency communicable disease surveillance centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. foodborne general outbreaks of s. enteritidis pt4 infection were more likel ... | 2005 | 16181497 |
| driver performance modelling and its practical application to railway safety. | this paper reports on the development and main features of a model of driver information processing. the work was conducted on behalf of network rail to meet a requirement to understand and manage the driver's interaction with the infrastructure through lineside reminder appliances. the model utilises cognitive theory and modelling techniques to describe driver performance in relation to infrastructure features and operational conditions. the model is capable of predicting the performance time, ... | 2005 | 16182232 |
| the effects of a genetic information leaflet on public attitudes towards genetic testing. | genetics opinion surveys often include information to ensure that respondents have sufficient understanding to give informed responses. the information is assumed to be neutral but may skew responses. we assessed the impact of a seemingly "neutral" information leaflet on attitudes towards genetic testing among 1,024 survey respondents, half of whom received the leaflet. the leaflet group reported higher levels of subjective understanding of genetic testing (68 percent vs. 53 percent), were mre i ... | 2005 | 16193613 |
| genomic approaches reveal unexpected genetic divergence within ciona intestinalis. | the invertebrate chordate ciona intestinalis is a widely used model organism in biological research. individuals from waters ranging from arctic to temperate are morphologically almost indistinguishable. however, we found significant differences in whole genomic dna sequence between northern european and pacific c. intestinalis. intronic and transposon sequences often appear unrelated between these geographic origins and amino acid substitutions in protein coding sequences indicate a divergence ... | 2005 | 16205978 |
| influenza vaccine uptake and distribution in england and wales using data from the general practice research database, 1989/90-2003/04. | routinely collected data from patients registered with general practices participating in the general practice research database (gprd) were used to analyse influenza vaccine uptake and distribution in england and wales between 1989/90 and 1996/97. major changes to influenza immunization policy were introduced in 1998 and 2000 when immunization of the elderly became age related rather than risk related. this new study examines trends in vaccine uptake for high- and low-risk patients and the impa ... | 2005 | 16207735 |
| "the purple island" of phineas fletcher: allusions to the anatomy of the human body in english poetry up to the end of the seventeenth century. | the bible declared that god created man in his own image. the concept that this divine pattern occurred not only in man (the microcosm), but was eternally repeated throughout creation in the macrocosm (universe) and the geocosm (earth), was the basis of the important doctrine of correspondences, in which similarities were sought between man and nature, (e.g. the comparable morphology of a human brain and a walnut). this article outlines the relevance of this concept in early herbal medicine. con ... | 2005 | 16208854 |
| psychosocial effects of the 2001 uk foot and mouth disease epidemic in a rural population: qualitative diary based study. | to understand the health and social consequences of the 2001 foot and mouth disease epidemic for a rural population. | 2005 | 16214809 |
| the morality of the separation of the conjoined attard twins of manchester. | i argue that the separation of the conjoined attard twins of manchester was not morally justified as it involved intentionally internally affecting ("invading") the body of the weaker twin without permission and without any advantage to her. | 2005 | 16223208 |
| an empirical test of the kin selection hypothesis for male homosexuality. | the current investigation, following bobrow and bailey (2001), aimed to test the kin selection theory of homosexuality in human males using a survey design. a total of 60 heterosexual and 60 homosexual men from england completed items measuring psychological and behavioral indices of "special design" as predicted by adaptation due to kin selection. there were no significant differences between heterosexual and homosexual men in general familial affinity, generous feelings (willingness to provide ... | 2005 | 16010468 |
| cyril dean darlington: the man who 'invented' the chromosome. | cyril darlington (1903-1981) was the most famous cytologist in the world in the decades preceding the molecular revolution of the 1950s. he crossed disciplinary boundaries to create a synthesis of cytology, genetics and evolution by revealing the mechanics of chromosomal recombination and the importance of its evolution. always controversial during his lifetime, obituaries ultimately referred to him as the 'copernicus' or 'newton' of cytology. this article reviews darlington's scientific contrib ... | 2005 | 15630424 |
| temperature-driven campylobacter seasonality in england and wales. | campylobacter incidence in england and wales between 1990 and 1999 was examined in conjunction with weather conditions. over the 10-year interval, the average annual rate was determined to be 78.4 +/- 15.0 cases per 100,000, with an upward trend. rates were higher in males than in females, regardless of age, and highest in children less than 5 years old. major regional differences were detected, with the highest rates in wales and the southwest and the lowest in the southeast. the disease displa ... | 2005 | 15640174 |
| association between the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and stroke replicated in a scottish population. | cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (mi) and stroke, most often occur on the background of atherosclerosis, a condition attributed to the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. we recently reported a linkage and association study of mi and stroke that yielded a genetic variant, hapa, in the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (alox5ap), that associates with both diseases in iceland. we also described another alox5ap variant, hapb, t ... | 2005 | 15640973 |
| association of r602w in a protein tyrosine phosphatase gene with a high risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a british population: evidence for an early onset/disease severity effect. | 2005 | 15641088 | |
| perceptions of the impact of depression and anxiety and the medication for these conditions on safety in the workplace. | the number of people taking prescribed medication for anxiety and depression has increased greatly, but little is known of how this medication impacts on safety at work. | 2005 | 16046606 |
| proposed sheffield quantitative criteria in cervical cytology to assist the grading of squamous cell dyskaryosis, as the british society for clinical cytology definitions require amendment. | in 1986, the british society for clinical cytology (bscc) published quantitative criteria to assist diagnosis in a three-tier grading system of squamous cell dyskaryosis. in dyskaryotic cells, area nuclear to cytoplasmic (nc) ratios below 50%, between 50% and 66% and over 66% were defined as equating with mild, moderate and severe grades respectively. following the terminology conference in 2002, however, the bscc recommended on their website that the three-tier model should be replaced by a new ... | 2005 | 16048504 |
| language-specific effects on number computation in toddlers. | a fundamental question in developmental science is how brains with and without language compute numbers. measuring young children's verbal reactions in france (paris) and in england (oxford), here we show that, although there is a general arithmetic ability for small numbers that is shared by monkeys and preverbal infants, the development of such initial knowledge in humans follows specific performance patterns, depending on what language the children speak. | 2005 | 16048514 |
| truly a triumph of the human spirit. brian belle-fortune--a voice from children's nursing. | 2005 | 16052935 | |
| georg händel (1622-97): the barber-surgeon father of george frideric handel (1685-1759). | george frideric handel was born in halle (saale) in germany. after initial musical education in germany and italy, he came to london as a young man and spent the rest of his life in england. until recently, little has been written of his early life in either the english or the german literature, and it is not widely known that he was the son of georg händel, a barber-surgeon of repute. when his father's name is mentioned, it is usually to claim that he actively discouraged his son's musical educ ... | 2005 | 16059526 |
| the personality and health of king henry viii (1491-1547). | the projection of henry viii in the first half of his reign, which began in 1509, is of a magnificent and accomplished 'imperial prince', the possessor of superb physical health. in 1528, when aged 37, he showed a marked change in personality due, it is here argued, to depressive illness, from which he recovered by the mid-1530s. such ill health has not been recognized previously and it engenders a need for a reassessment of his character and actions during these years of illness. he did not suf ... | 2005 | 16059531 |
| the epidemiology of genital infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in genitourinary medicine attendees in inner london. | to characterise the epidemiological and clinical features of genital herpes and the diagnostic role of hsv-2 specific serology in an ethnically diverse cohort of genitourinary medicine (gum) attendees in inner london. | 2005 | 16061536 |
| national survey of diagnostic services for genital herpes. | to investigate the provision of diagnostic services for genital herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in the united kingdom. | 2005 | 16061538 |
| max perutz: chemist, molecular biologist, human rights activist. | tribute paid to max perutz prior to the max perutz memorial lecture given by professor sari nusseibeh at the international human rights network of academics and scholarly societies, royal society, london, 19 may 2005. | 2005 | 16075065 |
| interlaboratory standardization of the measurement of serum bactericidal activity by using human complement against meningococcal serogroup b, strain 44/76-sl, before and after vaccination with the norwegian menbvac outer membrane vesicle vaccine. | there is currently no standardized serum bactericidal antibody (sba) assay for evaluating immune responses to meningococcal outer membrane vesicle or protein vaccines. four laboratories, manchester health protection agency (mc hpa), new zealand institute of environmental science and research limited (nz esr), norwegian institute of public health (niph), and chiron vaccines (chiron), measured sba titers in the same panel of human sera (n=76) from laboratory staff (n=21) vaccinated with menbvac. b ... | 2005 | 16085915 |
| sir archibald garrod and alkaptonuria -'story of metabolic genetics'. | clinical disorders have intrigued the human mind for thousands of years. many are enshrined in history as 'medical curiosities'. this report is a tribute to one of the greatest minds of modern genetics and medicine, sir archibald edward garrod (1857--1936), who brought forward the scientific study of inborn errors of metabolism. garrod's concept of 'chemical individuality' with no awareness of 'genes' more than 100 years ago is an amazing example of futuristic thinking. his own words reflect thi ... | 2005 | 16098007 |
| patient-centred improvements in health-care built environments: perspectives and design indicators. | to explore patients' perceptions of health-care built environments, to assess how they perceived health-care built facilities and designs. to develop a set of patient-centred indicators by which to appraise future health-care designs. | 2005 | 16098156 |
| quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda): comparison of normative reference data for the general population of england and wales with results for adult hypopituitary patients with growth hormone deficiency. | age- and gender-specific reference values for the quality of life (qol) measures used in assessing the impact of growth hormone deficiency (ghd) are important. the objective of this study was to develop such data for the qol-aghda instrument for the population of england and wales and to demonstrate the qol deficit in patients with ghd. | 2005 | 16103683 |
| effects of weather and river flow on cryptosporidiosis. | outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been linked to weather patterns such as heavy precipitation. however, outbreaks only account for a small percentage of all cryptosporidiosis cases and so the causes of the majority of cases are uncertain. this study assessed the role of environmental factors in all cases of cryptosporidiosis by using ordinary least-squares regression to examine the relationship between the monthly cryptosporidiosis rate, and the weather and river flows in england and wales bet ... | 2005 | 16459850 |
| genetic screening and reproductive choice: is making a child to save another unethical? | during 2002, the human fertilization and embryology authority (hfea) in england, which regulates in vitro fertilization (ivf) clinics, agreed to allow a family to attempt to create a baby genetically selected to help treat a desperately ill child. the media reaction against this hfea decision has shown profound outrage, expressing that having a child for the sake of the other is improper, immoral and 'against human dignity'. other claims were, "we should protect vulnerable human life", and "huma ... | 2005 | 16440870 |
| noise levels in picu: an evaluative study. | high levels of noise in the hospital environment can have an impact on patients and staff increasing both recovery time and stress respectively. when our seven-bedded paediatric intensive care unit (picu) is full, noise levels seem to increase significantly. this study measured noise levels at various times and places within a picu using tenma sound level meter which simulates the subjective response of a human ear. noise levels were often excessive, exceeding international guidelines. staff con ... | 2005 | 16372705 |
| social science and a post-genomic future: alternative readings of genomic agency. | this paper explores competing discourses that envision different socio-technical landscapes opened up by the completion of the map of the human genome in 2003. it examines the ways in which the map, and it organising principle and very rationale--the gene as the sole or prime agent through which to understand the body and its disordering (as disease)--has been interpreted in quite distinct ways. it suggests how the sequences of a genomic map have post-genomic con-sequences that depend on a socia ... | 2005 | 16552935 |
| uk: local authority has no obligation to reveal hiv status of foster parent. | the england and wales high court, family division ruled in july of 2005 that a local authority is under no obligation to reveal to a child's natural parents the fact that the child's foster father is hiv-positive. in his decision, sumner j determined that the foster father's right to privacy outweighed any potential risk to the child. | 2005 | 16544421 |
| successful reduction of human salmonella enteritidis infection in england and wales. | 2005 | 16794281 | |
| time-space modeling of journey-time exposure to traffic-related air pollution using gis. | journey-time exposures represent an important, though as yet little-studied, component of human exposure to traffic-related air pollution, potentially with important health effects. methods for assessing journey-time exposures, either as part of epidemiological studies or for policy assessment, are, however, poorly developed. this paper describes the development and testing of a gis-based system for modeling human journey-time exposures to traffic-related air pollution: stems (space-time exposur ... | 2005 | 15476729 |
| genotoxicity of size-fractionated samples of urban particulate matter. | urban particulate matter (upm) includes particles of size smaller than 10 microm (pm10), which may impact on human respiratory and cardiovascular health. it has been reported previously that pm10 can induce dna damage. we have collected size-fractionated pm10 at the roadside and measured the induction of dna damage by different-sized upm using the alkaline comet assay and the plasmid strand-break assay. we found that foil disks were more suitable for collecting upm than quartz fiber filters, as ... | 2005 | 15662658 |
| a systems analysis of the ladbroke grove rail crash. | on 5 october 1999, near london paddington station, two trains collided on a main line near ladbroke grove. the immediate "human error" that preceded this crash was a signal passed at danger (spad). thirty-one people lost their lives and many more were injured. the crash prompted an extensive multi-disciplinary investigation and hearing to identify the factors that contributed to the signal passed at danger event. this included the involvement of psychologists to consider the human factors "respo ... | 2005 | 15667809 |
| mutation analysis of pouf-1, prop-1 and hesx-1 show low frequency of mutations in children with sporadic forms of combined pituitary hormone deficiency and septo-optic dysplasia. | mutations in the genes encoding the transcription factors prop1 and pouf-1 (pit-1) have been reported as common causes of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (cphd), and hesx1 mutations have been identified in children with septo-optic dysplasia (sod). there are few data on uk children. we have performed mutation analysis in a large cohort of affected children within the west midlands region to assess the feasibility of a screening strategy for molecular diagnosis in cphd and sod. | 2005 | 15670191 |
| william cowper and his decorated copperplate initials. | william cowper was an 18th-century london surgeon/anatomist who made important contributions to several medical disciplines. he achieved lasting fame for describing the bulbourethral glands and lasting infamy for pirating plates for his anatomical atlas, the anatomy of humane bodies. cowper wrote the books and papers that taught the forerunners of today's surgeons and anatomists. his most famous pupil, the great surgeon william cheselden, was one of the teachers of john hunter, the founder of mo ... | 2005 | 15672355 |
| ernest henry starling (1866-1927): the scientist and the man. | the pre-eminent achievements of the english physician and physiologist ernest henry starling were his quantitative explanation of the transcapillary transport of fluid, the discovery of the first hormone, secretin, and his formulation of the law of the heart. in some ways starling was an outsider and he was the centre of several scientific and social controversies. however, throughout his life he stressed fundamental scientific attitudes and ideas with remarkable persistence and power, although ... | 2005 | 15682229 |
| epidemiology of double aneuploidies involving chromosome 21 and the sex chromosomes. | the chance of two chromosome abnormalities occurring in one conceptus is very small. however, some authors have suggested that double aneuplodies (das) might be more common than the product of their individual frequencies. the nonrandomness of such da events was considered to be evidence that nondisjunction (ndj) may be genetically determined. data collected from the national down syndrome cytogenetic register (ndscr) in england and wales and from the literature indicate that the frequencies of ... | 2005 | 15704133 |
| the effects of the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic on infant and child health in derbyshire. | 2005 | 15730129 | |
| perceptions of dissection by students in one medical school: beyond learning about anatomy. a qualitative study. | the practice of dissection, as part of undergraduate medical education, has recently resurfaced in the public eye. this paper focuses on a number of important learning outcomes that were reported by year 1-5 medical students in a british medical school, during the dissection sessions in the first 2 years of their training, as part of a wider qualitative research project into undergraduate medical education. | 2005 | 15733168 |
| are hiv/aids services in leeds, uk, able to meet the needs of asylum seekers? | the yorkshire and humberside region of england ranks second only to london for reception of those seeking asylum in the uk. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence amongst asylum seekers is likely to mirror that in the country of origin. in 2001, the city of leeds received 1100 asylum seekers, including dependents. many of these were from areas with high seroprevalence of hiv, and hiv-infected asylum seekers require medical and social support. are the current services for hiv-infected pers ... | 2005 | 15733692 |
| julia bell and the treasury of human inheritance. | the treasury of human inheritance represents the most extensive, and one of the earliest series of documentations and analyses of human genetic disorders. published between 1909 and 1958, from the galton laboratory, london, most of the numerous sections were written by julia bell, who represents a key figure in the development of human and medical genetics. her combination of mathematical training, genetic knowledge and clinical expertise yielded numerous important insights into human inheritanc ... | 2005 | 15735957 |
| a world apart: geography, australian quarantine, and the mother country. | in many respects the australian colonies were what one person called "the proud offspring of a grand old mother." yet when it came to the prevention of imported infectious disease, britain's australian colonies were not a chip off the old block. british opposition to the lengthy and costly imposition of quarantine had intensified throughout the nineteenth century, eventuating in the abolition of human quarantine in 1896. the australian colonies, on the other hand, which had based their first qua ... | 2005 | 15737958 |
| [revisiting the forsdahl-barker hypothesis]. | the hypothesis about the influence of the environment in early life for later health and development has been the basis for several hundred studies over the last two decades. despite some diverging results in different studies and methodological shortcomings, including selection and confounding from socio-economic and other factors, there seems to be substantial evidence to the effect that the environment in early life is essential for later health and development. the association of low birthwe ... | 2005 | 15742021 |
| patients in test won't get drug, amgen decides. | 2005 | 15742509 | |
| history. george ralph mines (1886-1914). | 2005 | 15744470 | |
| potential transmission of west nile virus in the british isles: an ecological review of candidate mosquito bridge vectors. | west nile virus (wnv) transmitted by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) infects various vertebrates, being pathogenic for birds, horses and humans. after its discovery in tropical africa, sporadic outbreaks of wnv occurred during recent decades in eurasia, but not the british isles. wnv reached new york in 1999 and spread to california by 2003, causing widespread outbreaks of west nile encephalitis across north america, transmitted by many species of mosquitoes, mainly culex spp. the periodic reapp ... | 2005 | 15752172 |
| sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, england, 1996-2002. | the incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest england before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. a national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the united kingdom. in a poisson regression model, membra ... | 2005 | 15752443 |
| fly transmission of campylobacter. | an annual increase in campylobacter infection in england and wales begins in may and reaches a maximum in early june. this increase occurs in all age groups and is seen in all geographic areas. examination of risk factors that might explain this seasonal increase identifies flies as a potential source of infection. the observed pattern of infection is hypothesized to reflect an annual epidemic caused by direct or indirect contamination of people by small quantities of infected material carried b ... | 2005 | 15757548 |
| borna disease virus and mental health: a cross-sectional study. | borna disease is an infectious neurological disease of horses, sheep and possibly other animals. a role for borna disease virus (bdv) in human neurological and psychiatric illness has been proposed, but this hypothesis remains controversial. | 2005 | 15760925 |
| modeling seasonal variation in indoor radon concentrations. | radon, a well-established risk factor for human lung cancer, is present at low concentrations in most homes. consequently, many countries have established national guidelines for residential radon concentrations. in this article, we evaluate two models for describing seasonal variation in residential radon concentrations based on the data from a large case-control study conducted in winnipeg, canada. in this study, radon levels in homes were monitored during two successive 6-month periods, with ... | 2005 | 15592445 |