Publications
Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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mallophagan parasites from the california condor. | 1910 | 17758534 | |
the last days of the wild condor?: a debate is raging over whether to capture the few remaining wild california condors for breeding in captivity. | 1985 | 17777919 | |
lead poisoning in free-ranging california condors. | 1986 | 3146563 | |
environmental contaminants in surrogates, foods, and feathers of california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | california condor (gymnogyps californianus) foods and feathers, and turkey vultures (cathartes aura), common ravens (corvus corax), and their eggs were collected within the condor range to determine exposure of condors to environmental contaminants. samples were analyzed for organochlorines and trace elements. food items contained low concentrations of organochlorines and generally low concentrations of lead. dde was detected in all vulture carcasses and nearly all raven carcasses at generally m ... | 1986 | 24254546 |
age and diet of fossil california condors in grand canyon, arizona. | a dozen new radiocarbon dates, together with a thorough review of its fossil distribution, shed new light on the time and probable cause of extinction of the california condor, gymnogyps californianus, in grand canyon, arizona. the radiocarbon data indicate that this species became extinct in grand canyon, and other parts of the inland west, more than 10,000 years ago in coincidence with the extinction of megafauna (proboscidians, edentates, perissodactyls). that condors relied on the megafauna ... | 1987 | 17751565 |
lead poisoning of raptors in france and elsewhere. | although lead poisoning, through the ingestion of gunshot embedded in prey, is known to have been a significant mortality factor for several raptor species in the united states (haliaeetus leucocephalus and gymnogyps californianus), very little published information is available concerning raptors in europe. this paper presents the results of liver lead analysis from 222 raptors collected throughout france and reviews other published and unpublished european information. of the 11 diurnal and 6 ... | 1993 | 7682502 |
cytogenetic analysis of california condor (gymnogyps californianus) chromosomes: comparison with chicken (gallus gallus) macrochromosomes. | the california condor is the largest flying bird in north america and belongs to a group of new world vultures. recovering from a near fatal population decline, and currently with only 197 extant individuals, the species remains listed as endangered. very little genetic information exists for this species, although sexing methods employing chromosome analysis or w-chromosome specific amplification is routinely applied for the management of this monomorphic species. keeping in mind that genetic c ... | 2002 | 12584441 |
experimental lead poisoning in turkey vultures (cathartes aura). | lead-induced mortality appears to have been a major factor in the decline of the california condor (gymnogyps californianus). we orally dosed turkey vultures (cathartes aura) with bb-sized lead shot from january 1988 through july 1988 to determine physiologic response (delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase inhibition, erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, anemia), diagnostic tissue lead concentrations (blood, liver, and kidney), and comparative sensitivity of this species. two turkey vultures died ... | 2003 | 12685072 |
pleistocene to recent dietary shifts in california condors. | we used carbon and nitrogen isotopes to investigate changes in the diet of california condors from the pleistocene to the recent. during the pleistocene, condors from california fed on both terrestrial megafauna and marine mammals. early accounts reported condors feeding on the carcasses of marine mammals, but by the late 1700s, condor diets had shifted predominantly to terrestrial animals, following the commercial harvesting of marine mammals and the development of cattle ranching on land. at p ... | 2005 | 16275902 |
hematologic and biochemical reference ranges for captive california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | to provide proper medical evaluation and care for the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus), veterinarians need accurate hematologic and biochemical reference ranges. a retrospective study of blood samples from captive california condors housed at the san diego wild animal park assessed the samples by sex and age of condor to determine serum biochemical and hematologic reference ranges, including lead and zinc levels. condors were grouped by age as follows: group 1 included bird ... | 2005 | 17312714 |
ammunition is the principal source of lead accumulated by california condors re-introduced to the wild. | the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) was reduced to a total population of 22 birds by the end of 1982. their captive-bred descendants are now being released back into the wild in california, arizona, and baja california, where monitoring indicates they may accumulate lead to toxic levels. fragments of ammunition in the carcasses of game animals such as deer, elk, and feral pigs not retrieved by hunters or in gut piles left in the field have been considered a plausible sourc ... | 2006 | 17051813 |
construction of a california condor bac library and first-generation chicken-condor comparative physical map as an endangered species conservation genomics resource. | to support genomic analysis of the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus), a bac library (chori-262) was generated using dna from the blood of a female. the library consists of 89,665 recombinant bac clones providing approximately 14-fold coverage of the presumed approximately 1.48-gb genome. taking advantage of recent progress in chicken genomics, we developed a first-generation comparative chicken-condor physical map using an overgo hybridization approach. the overgos were deri ... | 2006 | 16884891 |
lead poisoning in captive andean condors (vultur gryphus). | elevated lead in the tissues of raptors, especially those that scavenge, is a common occurrence, and lead poisoning appears to be a significant problem in the ongoing recovery effort for california condors (gymnogyps californianus). elevated blood lead levels have been found in released birds, and a number of birds have died of lead poisoning. in earlier work, we dosed turkey vultures (cathartes aura) with lead shot but found them to be a poor model for lead poisoning. in this study, we dosed fo ... | 2006 | 17255443 |
prospective immunization of the endangered california condors (gymnogyps californianus) protects this species from lethal west nile virus infection. | west nile virus (wnv) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in humans, mammals, and both native and exotic birds in north america since its emergence in new york city in 1999 and its subsequent spread westward. prior to the arrival of wnv to the western united states, prospective vaccination was conducted for the entire population of endangered california condors, both in captivity and in the wild. here we show that this vaccine is safe for condors, stimulates protective immunity in adu ... | 2007 | 17224209 |
treatment of lead toxicity and crop stasis in a california condor (gymnogyps californianus). | a free-ranging california condor (gymnogyps californianus) presented severely dehydrated, unable to stand, very weak, and with a distended crop. toxicologic analysis revealed an elevated blood lead level of 291.4 microg/ ml. there was no evidence of lead exposure on radiographs. the condor was treated with chelating agents and intensive supportive care. over a period of 10 days, a majority of its clinical signs improved, and lead levels dropped to near normal. however, the condor was left with a ... | 2007 | 18229867 |
comment on "ammunition is the principal source of lead accumulated by california condors re-introduced to the wild". | 2008 | 18441839 | |
the effects of rearing method on social behaviors of mentored, captive-reared juvenile california condors. | puppet-reared and parent-reared captive-bred california condor (gymnogyps californianus) juveniles were studied before their release into the wild. behavioral data were collected during social interactions within two cohorts of juveniles (n = 11) and their adult mentors (n = 5). the purposes of this study were to (1) document the social behaviors of mentored juvenile california condors, and (2) compare social behaviors for two different rearing methods (puppet-reared versus parent-reared) during ... | 2008 | 19360600 |
effectiveness of action to reduce exposure of free-ranging california condors in arizona and utah to lead from spent ammunition. | california condors (gymnogyps californianus) released into the wild in arizona ranged widely in arizona and utah. previous studies have shown that the blood lead concentrations of many of the birds rise because of ingestion of spent lead ammunition. condors were routinely recaptured and treated to reduce their lead levels as necessary but, even so, several died from lead poisoning. we used tracking data from vhf and satellite tags, together with the results of routine testing of blood lead conce ... | 2008 | 19107211 |
implementing artificial insemination as an effective tool for ex situ conservation of endangered avian species. | approximately 503 of the known species of birds are classified as 'endangered' or 'critical'. captive propagation programs have proven useful in maintaining genetic diversity and restoring wild populations of certain species, including the peregrine falcon, california condor and whooping crane. artificial insemination (ai) has the potential of solving problems inherent to reproductive management of small, closed populations of endangered birds, including dealing with demographic instability, phy ... | 2009 | 19004491 |
lead poisoning and the reintroduction of the california condor in northern arizona. | since 1996, the peregrine fund has released california condors (gymnogyps californianus) in the grand canyon region of northern arizona with the goal of establishing a self-sustaining population, disjunct from other released populations in california and baja california. a free-ranging population of more than 60 individuals now ranges within northern arizona and southern utah and has produced 9 wild young. the most frequent cause of death is lead poisoning from the ingestion of lead bullet fragm ... | 2009 | 19673462 |
molecular cytogenetics of the california condor: evolutionary and conservation implications. | evolutionary cytogenetic comparisons involved 5 species of birds (california condor, chicken, zebra finch, collared flycatcher and black stork) belonging to divergent taxonomic orders. seventy-four clones from a condor bac library containing 80 genes were mapped to condor chromosomes using fish, and 15 clones containing 16 genes were mapped to the stork z chromosome. maps for chicken and finch were derived from genome sequence databases, and that for flycatcher from the published literature. gen ... | 2009 | 20051671 |
the value of avian genomics to the conservation of wildlife. | genomic studies in non-domestic avian models, such as the california condor and white-throated sparrow, can lead to more comprehensive conservation plans and provide clues for understanding mechanisms affecting genetic variation, adaptation and evolution.developing genomic tools and resources including genomic libraries and a genetic map of the california condor is a prerequisite for identification of candidate loci for a heritable embryonic lethal condition. the white-throated sparrow exhibits ... | 2009 | 19607652 |
from conservation genetics to conservation genomics. | although the application of population and evolutionary genetic theory and methods to address issues of conservation relevance has a long history, the formalization of conservation genetics as a research field is still relatively recent. one of the periodic catalysts for increased research effort in the field has been advances in molecular technologies, leading to an increasingly wider variety of molecular markers for application in conservation genetic studies. to date, genetic methods have bee ... | 2009 | 19432656 |
feather lead concentrations and (207)pb/(206)pb ratios reveal lead exposure history of california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | lead poisoning is a primary factor impeding the survival and recovery of the critically endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus). however, the frequency and magnitude of lead exposure in condors is not well-known in part because most blood lead monitoring occurs biannually, and biannual blood samples capture only approximately 10% of a bird's annual exposure history. we investigated the use of growing feathers from free-flying condors in california to establish a bird's lead exposu ... | 2010 | 20199067 |
impact of the california lead ammunition ban on reducing lead exposure in golden eagles and turkey vultures. | predatory and scavenging birds may be exposed to high levels of lead when they ingest shot or bullet fragments embedded in the tissues of animals injured or killed with lead ammunition. lead poisoning was a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered california condor population in the 1980s, and remains one of the primary factors threatening species recovery. in response to this threat, a ban on the use of lead ammunition for most hunting activities in the range of the condor in califo ... | 2011 | 21494329 |
lead poisoning and the deceptive recovery of the critically endangered california condor. | endangered species recovery programs seek to restore populations to self-sustaining levels. nonetheless, many recovering species require continuing management to compensate for persistent threats in their environment. judging true recovery in the face of this management is often difficult, impeding thorough analysis of the success of conservation programs. we illustrate these challenges with a multidisciplinary study of one of the world's rarest birds-the california condor (gymnogyps californian ... | 2012 | 22733770 |
patterns of mortality in free-ranging california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | we document causes of death in free-ranging california condors (gymnogyps californianus) from the inception of the reintroduction program in 1992 through december 2009 to identify current and historic mortality factors that might interfere with establishment of self-sustaining populations in the wild. a total of 135 deaths occurred from october 1992 (the first post-release death) through december 2009, from a maximum population-at-risk of 352 birds, for a cumulative crude mortality rate of 38%. ... | 2012 | 22247378 |
ingluviotomy tube placement for lead-induced crop stasis in the california condor (gymnogyps californianus). | six free-flying california condors (gymnogyps californianus) were diagnosed with acute lead toxicosis that caused crop distension and stasis. between january 2006 and january 2007, the birds were referred to the phoenix zoo in arizona for emergency treatment. in 5 birds, an ingluviotomy was performed to place a feeding tube from the crop to the proventriculus, which allowed a temporary bypass of the dysfunctional esophagus until normal function and motility were regained. a crop-support pressure ... | 2012 | 23156980 |
california condors face lead menace. | 2012 | 22739289 | |
lead in ammunition: a persistent threat to health and conservation. | many scavenging bird populations have experienced abrupt declines across the globe, and intensive recovery activities have been necessary to sustain several species, including the critically endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus). exposure to lead from lead-based ammunition is widespread in condors and lead toxicosis presents an immediate threat to condor recovery, accounting for the highest proportion of adult mortality. lead contamination of carcasses across the landscape remai ... | 2013 | 24419669 |
organochlorine contaminants in blubber from stranded marine mammals collected from the northern oregon and southern washington coasts: implications for re-introducing california condors, gymnogyps californianus, in oregon. | re-introduction of california condors into oregon is currently being considered, but there are concerns about the safety of potential food sources of this species. condors are opportunistic feeders and a largely available food source for this species will be stranded marine mammal carcasses. we analyzed 37 blubber samples from 7 different marine mammal species collected from the oregon and southern washington coasts for 18 organochlorine (oc) pesticides and 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). d ... | 2013 | 23275975 |
linking cases of illegal shootings of the endangered california condor using stable lead isotope analysis. | lead poisoning is preventing the recovery of the critically endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) and lead isotope analyses have demonstrated that ingestion of spent lead ammunition is the principal source of lead poisoning in condors. over an 8 month period in 2009, three lead-poisoned condors were independently presented with birdshot embedded in their tissues, evidencing they had been shot. no information connecting these illegal shooting events existed and the timing of the ... | 2014 | 25173094 |
spatiotemporal patterns and risk factors for lead exposure in endangered california condors during 15 years of reintroduction. | large-scale poisoning events are common to scavenging bird species that forage communally, many of which are in decline. to reduce the threat of poisoning and compensate for other persistent threats, management, including supplemental feeding, is ongoing for many reintroduced and endangered vulture populations. through a longitudinal study of lead exposure in california condors (gymnogyps californianus), we illustrate the conservation challenges inherent in reintroduction of an endangered specie ... | 2014 | 25040286 |
movement-based estimation and visualization of space use in 3d for wildlife ecology and conservation. | advances in digital biotelemetry technologies are enabling the collection of bigger and more accurate data on the movements of free-ranging wildlife in space and time. although many biotelemetry devices record 3d location data with x, y, and z coordinates from tracked animals, the third z coordinate is typically not integrated into studies of animal spatial use. disregarding the vertical component may seriously limit understanding of animal habitat use and niche separation. we present novel move ... | 2014 | 24988114 |
resource selection by the california condor (gymnogyps californianus) relative to terrestrial-based habitats and meteorological conditions. | condors and vultures are distinct from most other terrestrial birds because they use extensive soaring flight for their daily movements. therefore, assessing resource selection by these avian scavengers requires quantifying the availability of terrestrial-based habitats, as well as meteorological variables that influence atmospheric conditions necessary for soaring. in this study, we undertook the first quantitative assessment of habitat- and meteorological-based resource selection in the endang ... | 2014 | 24523893 |
identification of california condor estrogen receptors 1 and 2 and their activation by endocrine disrupting chemicals. | recently, california condors (gymnogyps californianus) have been reintroduced to coastal regions of california where they feed on marine mammal carcasses. there is evidence that coastal-dwelling condors experience reproductive issues, such as eggshell thinning, likely resulting from exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (edcs). to address this problem, we have identified and cloned condor estrogen receptors (esrs) 1 and 2 and characterized their activation by edcs present in the coastal hab ... | 2015 | 26372180 |
reducing lead on the landscape: anticipating hunter behavior in absence of a free nonlead ammunition program. | lead is a neurotoxin that has been documented to affect many forms of wildlife, and has been identified as a limiting factor in a population of california condors in northern arizona. the arizona game and fish department provides vouchers for free nonlead ammunition to hunters selected to hunt within the distribution of california condors, with the intention of having fewer lead-laden offal piles available to california condors. although wildlife agencies may reasonably assume voucher programs m ... | 2015 | 26114878 |
lead exposure risk from trash ingestion by the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus). | lead poisoning from ingestion of spent lead ammunition is one of the greatest threats to the recovery of california condors (gymnogyps californianus) in the wild. trash ingestion by condors is well documented, yet the extent that trash presents a lead exposure risk is unknown. we evaluated 1,413 trash items collected from condor nest areas and nestlings in the transverse range of ventura county, california, us, from 2002 to 2008, for their potential as a lead exposure risk to condors. we visuall ... | 2015 | 26251991 |
seroepidemiologic survey of potential pathogens in obligate and facultative scavenging avian species in california. | throughout the world, populations of scavenger birds are declining rapidly with some populations already on the brink of extinction. much of the current research into the factors contributing to these declines has focused on exposure to drug residues, lead, and other toxins. despite increased monitoring of these declining populations, little is known about infectious diseases affecting scavenger bird species. to assess potential infectious disease risks to both obligate and facultative scavenger ... | 2015 | 26606755 |
multi-locus phylogenetic inference among new world vultures (aves: cathartidae). | new world vultures are large-bodied carrion feeding birds in the family cathartidae, currently consisting of seven species from five genera with geographic distributions in north and south america. no study to date has included all cathartid species in a single phylogenetic analysis. in this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among all cathartid species using five nuclear (nuc; 4060bp) and two mitochondrial (mt; 2165bp) dna loci with fossil calibrated gene tree (27 outgroup ta ... | 2016 | 27601346 |
terrestrial scavenging of marine mammals: cross-ecosystem contaminant transfer and potential risks to endangered california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | the critically endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) has relied intermittently on dead-stranded marine mammals since the pleistocene, and this food source is considered important for their current recovery. however, contemporary marine mammals contain persistent organic pollutants that could threaten condor health. we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotope, contaminant, and behavioral data in coastal versus noncoastal condors to quantify contaminant transfer from marine mammals ... | 2016 | 27434394 |
repeated conservation threats across the americas: high levels of blood and bone lead in the andean condor widen the problem to a continental scale. | wildlife lead exposure is an increasing conservation threat that is being widely investigated. however, for some areas of the world (e.g., south america) and certain species, research on this subject is still scarce or only local information is available. we analyzed the extent and intensity of lead exposure for a widely distributed threatened species, the andean condor (vultur gryphus). we conducted the study at two different scales: 1) sampling of birds received for rehabilitation or necropsy ... | 2017 | 27769769 |
fourteen tail feathers: an autosomal recessive trait in california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | eight pairs of california condors (gymnogyps californianus) have produced 12 chicks with 14 tail feathers instead of the normal 12. the 14 tail feather trait appears to follow an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance and is not known to be deleterious. the putative allele for the trait was present in at least seven of the 13 founders of the population. the 14 tail feather allele is the second recessive allele discovered in the condor population. due to the founder effect, which changes the ... | 2017 | 27862255 |
comment on "terrestrial scavenging of marine mammals: cross-ecosystem contaminant transfer and potential risks to endangered california condors (gymnogyps californianus)". | 2017 | 28402656 | |
reply to comment on "terrestrial scavenging of marine mammals: cross-ecosystem contaminant transfer and potential risks to endangered california condors (gymnogyps californianus)". | 2017 | 28402660 | |
effects of lead exposure, flock behavior, and management actions on the survival of california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | translocation is an increasingly important tool for managing endangered species, but factors influencing the survival of translocated individuals are not well understood. here we examine intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of survival for critically endangered california condors (gymnogyps californianus) whose wild population recovery is reliant upon releases of captively bred stock. we used known fate models and information-theoretic methods to compare the ability of hypothesized covariates, most o ... | 2017 | 26769426 |
feasibility of a portable x-ray fluorescence device for bone lead measurements of condor bones. | lead based ammunition is a primary source of lead exposure, especially for scavenging wildlife. lead poisoning remains the leading cause of diagnosed death for the critically endangered california condors, which are annually monitored via blood tests for lead exposure. the results of these tests are helpful in determining recent exposure in condors and in defining the potential for exposure to other species including humans. since condors are victim to acute and chronic lead exposure, being able ... | 2018 | 28988075 |
mercury in the feathers of bird scavengers from two areas of patagonia (argentina) under the influence of different anthropogenic activities: a preliminary study. | mercury (hg) is a global pollutant that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food chains and is associated with adverse effects in both humans and wildlife. we used feather samples from bird scavengers to evaluate hg concentrations in two different areas of northern patagonia. hg concentrations were analyzed in feathers obtained from turkey vultures (cathartes aura), black vultures (coragyps atratus), and southern crested caracaras (caracara plancus) from the two areas of northern patagonia (argen ... | 2018 | 29512014 |
analysis of historical medical records of california condors ( gymnogyps californianus) admitted for lead exposure to the los angeles zoo and botanical gardens between 1997 and 2012: a case series study. | lead toxicosis remains the primary cause of death in wild populations of california condors ( gymnogyps californianus). many condors require medical intervention with lead chelation therapy, among other conservation measures, to survive in the wild. an analysis of historical medical records of california condors admitted for lead exposure to the los angeles zoo and botanical gardens (la zoo) between 1997 and 2012 was performed to investigate clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and trea ... | 2018 | 30592919 |
glucocorticoid measurement in plasma, urates, and feathers from california condors (gymnogyps californianus) in response to a human-induced stressor. | vertebrates respond to stressful stimuli with the secretion of glucocorticoid (gc) hormones, such as corticosterone (cort), and measurements of these hormones in wild species can provide insight into physiological responses to environmental and human-induced stressors. california condors (gymnogyps californianus) are a critically endangered and intensively managed avian species for which information on gc response to stress is lacking. here we evaluated a commercially available i125 double antib ... | 2018 | 30352070 |
mercury and lead exposure in avian scavengers from the pacific northwest suggest risks to california condors: implications for reintroduction and recovery. | mercury (hg) and lead (pb) are widespread contaminants that pose risks to avian scavengers. in fact, pb exposure is the primary factor limiting population recovery in the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) and hg can impair avian reproduction at environmentally relevant exposures. the pacific northwest region of the us was historically part of the condor's native range, and efforts are underway to expand recovery into this area. to identify potential threats to reintroduced c ... | 2018 | 30218871 |
demography of avian scavengers after pleistocene megafaunal extinction. | the late quaternary megafauna extinctions reshaped species assemblages, yet we know little about how extant obligate scavengers responded to this abrupt ecological change. to explore whether obligate scavengers persisted by depending on contemporary community linkages or via foraging flexibility, we tested the importance of the trophic interaction between pumas (puma concolor) and native camelids (vicugna vicugna and lama guanicoe) for the persistence of andean condors (vultur gryphus) in southe ... | 2019 | 31273237 |
applying circuit theory and landscape linkage maps to reintroduction planning for california condors. | conservation practitioners are increasingly looking to species translocations as a tool to recover imperiled taxa. quantitative predictions of where animals are likely to move when released into new areas would allow managers to better address the social, institutional, and ecological dimensions of conservation translocations. using >5 million california condor (gymnogyps californianus) occurrence locations from 75 individuals, we developed and tested circuit-based models to predict condor movem ... | 2019 | 31891594 |
california condor microbiomes: bacterial variety and functional properties in captive-bred individuals. | around the world, scavenging birds such as vultures and condors have been experiencing drastic population declines. scavenging birds have a distinct digestive process to deal with higher amounts of bacteria in their primary diet of carcasses in varying levels of decay. these observations motivate us to present an analysis of captive and healthy california condor (gymnogyps californianus) microbiomes to characterize a population raised together under similar conditions. shotgun metagenomic dna se ... | 2019 | 31825977 |
identification of california condor (gymnogyps californianus) estrogen receptor variants and their activation by xenoestrogens. | california condors released in costal sites are exposed to high levels of xenoestrogens, particularly p,p'-dde, through scavenging of marine mammal carcasses. as a result, coastal condors carry a higher contaminant loads and experience eggshell thinning when compared to their inland counterparts. given that condor estrogen receptors (esrs) are activated by physiologically relevant levels of xenoestrogens, differences in vulnerability to endocrine disruption may exist depending on which esr varia ... | 2020 | 31926130 |
the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) population is exposed to local haemosporidian parasites. | the endangered california condor (gymnogyps californianus) is the largest new world vulture in north america. despite recovery program success in saving the species from extinction, condors remain compromised by lead poisoning and limited genetic diversity. the latter makes this species especially vulnerable to infectious diseases. thus, taking advantage of the program of blood lead testing in arizona, condor blood samples from 2008 to 2018 were screened for haemosporidian parasites using a nest ... | 2020 | 33087805 |
foraging behavior, contaminant exposure risk, and the stress response in wild california condors (gymnogyps californianus). | wild california condors (gymnogyps californianus) are frequently exposed to lead via lead-based ammunition ingestion, and recent studies indicate significant exposure to organochlorines (e.g. dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs)) for condors feeding on beach-cast marine mammals. we investigated the influence of contaminant exposure on condor glucocorticoid response through comparisons between wild and captive populations and identification of modifiers of g ... | 2020 | 32738723 |
correction: california condor microbiomes: bacterial variety and functional properties in captive-bred individuals. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225858.]. | 2020 | 32176726 |