Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| on the pigment of chaetomium sp., the cause of green stain of heartwood in fagus sylvatica. | 1954 | 13141965 | |
| [lignin contents of the cell walls in sun and shade leaves of the copper beech (fagus sylvatica l. cv. atropunicea)]. | 1966 | 5983885 | |
| on the ultrastructure of resting cambium of fagus sylvatica l. | cells of the resting cambium contain strands of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is often arranged as a series of parallel membranes. single membrane bound bodies of different types including lipid droplets, protein bodies, many different intermediate forms, and structures that are empty and vacuolelike are present. the possibility that vacuoles are formed by the progressive dissolution of stored lipids and protein, during the onset of cambial activity, is suggested. | 1969 | 24504514 |
| [amino acid composition of proteins in sun and shade leaves of the copper beech (fagus sylvatica l. cv. atropunicea)]. | the amino acid contents of sun and shade leaves of the copper beech are significantly different. on the basis of dry matter, the concentration of the majority of amino acids is higher in shade leaves. only the concentrations of proline, valine, histidine and arginine are about 30% lower compared with those of the other amino acids. calculated on the basis of crude protein, the concentrations of lysine, histidine, arginine, valine, isoleucine and proline are considerably lower in shade leaves tha ... | 1969 | 24504719 |
| food, feeding rates and assimilation in woodland snails. | analyses of the faeces of seven species of woodland, litterdwelling snails (marpessa laminata, clausilia bidentata, oxychilus cellarius, o. alliarius, discus rotundatus, arianta arbustorum and hygromia striolata), showed that all feed predominently on higher plant material, be it living or dead. h. striolata and a. arbustorum took more chlorophyll-containing plant material than the other species, d. rotundatus had a significant amount of fungus in its faeces, while the faeces of o. cellarius and ... | 1970 | 28309717 |
| [the effect of light and temperature of the co2 exchange of different life forms in the ground vegetation of a montane beech forest]. | in a montane beech (fagus sylvatica) forest the influence of the climatic factors, light and temperature, on net photosynthesis and on the co2 balance of the ground vegetation was investigated. the total turnover of carbon was calculated. species studied included: athyrium filix-femina, oxalis acetosella, luzula luzuloides, deschampsia flexuosa and young plants of fagus sylvatica. 1. the light compensation point in all spp. is between 300 and 500 lux except for d. flexuosa where it is 2 klx. lig ... | 1972 | 28313125 |
| the breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils : ii. changes in the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and polyphenol content. | changes in the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and polyphenol content of chestnut and beech leaves were measured during the first year after fall.chestnut leaves had an initial carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content (by weight) of 48.71%, 5.56% and 0.77% respectively; beech had a similar carbon and hydrogen content (47.77% and 5.36%) but less nitrogen (0.56%).both leaf litter types showed percentage increases in nitrogen content during the study period but only the beech showed absolute increases in n ... | 1973 | 28308231 |
| the breakdown and decomposition of sweet chestnut (castanea sativa mill.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) leaf litter in two deciduous woodland soils : i. breakdown, leaching and decomposition. | weight losses from sweet chestnut and beech leaves, attributable to biotic and abiotic breakdown processes, leaching and microbial decomposition have been studied using tethered leaves and litter bags. the experimental sites were two adjacent areas of deciduous woodland. in one area (the castanea site) a mor-like moder humus form has developed under a stand dominated by coppiced chestnut, in the other a mull-like moder underlies a stand of coppiced beech (the fagus site).chestnut leaves in the c ... | 1973 | 28308230 |
| the relationship between acetyl content and sugar composition in expanding leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | samples of beech (fagus sylvatica) leaves were taken from the time of leaf emergence until leaf fall. they were extracted with boiling aqueous ethanol and the residues analysed for their acetyl-group content and their content of sugars released by acid hydrolysis. the accumulation of acetyl groups closely paralled that of xylose, and the two were present in approximately equimolecular proportions, except during the period of leaf expansion, when the acetyl-group/xylose ratio exceeded 3:2. the ga ... | 1980 | 7396822 |
| photosynthetic activity, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf characteristics of high-light and low-light plants and of sun and shade leaves. | the photosynthetic co2-fixation rates, chlorophyll content, chloroplast ultrastructure and other leaf characteristics (e.g. variable fluorescence, stomata density, soluble carbohydrate content) were studied in a comparative way in sun and shade leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica) and in high-light and low-light seedlings. 1. sun leaves of the beech possess a smaller leaf area, higher dry weight, lower water content, higher stomata density, higher chlorophyll a/b ratios and are thicker than the sha ... | 1981 | 24470202 |
| seed production and outbreaks of non-cyclic rodent populations in deciduous forests. | in a 10-year study period, outbreaks of the bank vole, clethrionomys glareolus, schreber only occurred in years following huge seed production of european beech, fagus sylvatica. intensive winter reprodution preceded the outbreaks, in contrast to a normal breeding season from april through september. no winter reproduction occurred in nearby populations from habitats without mast production. during the winter, the average weight of c. glareolus remained high in the mast forests and the age struc ... | 1982 | 28311427 |
| plasmodesmata and pit development in secondary xylem elements. | developing pit membranes of secondary xylem elements in drimys winteri, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, sorbus aucuparia, tilia vulgaris and trochodendron aralioides have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. absence of plasmodesmata from the membranes of vessel elements and tracheids indicates that their pits develop independently of these structures. on the other hand, plasmodesmata are abundant in pit membranes between fibres, parenchyma cells, and combinations of these cell type ... | 1982 | 24271775 |
| wood biomass, production and litter-fall in an english beechwood. | studies of productivity in a 160 yr old beechwood growing on a basic soil did not reveal any marked, or inexplicable, differences from similar aged european beech forests growing on acid soils.total above-ground wood biomass was equivalent to 44,897 g d.wt. m(-2) (live wood biomass accounting for 42,322 g). bole biomass equalled 28,595 g m(-2) (live tree contribution, 26,755 g). branch and twig biomass was 16,302 g m(-2) (live tree contribution, 15,567 g) while root biomass was estimated to be 8 ... | 1983 | 28310175 |
| bacterial degradation of lignified wood cell walls in anaerobic aquatic habitats. | test blocks of beech (fagus sylvatica) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were buried in fresh, brackish, and seawater anaerobic muds for periods ranging between 1 and 18 months. at appropriate time intervals the test blocks were recovered and examined for changes in weight and for bacterial attack of lignified wood cell walls. only small weight losses occurred. scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that there was extensive superficial bacterial erosion of beech wood cell walls. the decay ... | 1983 | 6639026 |
| hydroxyproline-rich protein material in wood and lignin of fagus sylvatica. | the nitrogen content, distribution, and amino acid composition of protein material were determined in wood and lignin of fagus sylvatica. the data indicated that the nitrogen originated from hydroxyproline-rich cell wall glycoprotein, about half of which may be bound to the lignin polymer. the implications for lignocellulose biodegradation are discussed. | 1984 | 16346689 |
| seasonal variations in the polar-transport pathways and retention sites of [(3)h]indole-3-acetic acid in young branches offagus sylvatica l. | branches were cut from young beeches (fagus sylvatica l.) at various stages of the annual cycle and [(3)h]indole-3-acetic acid (0.35 nmol) was applied to the whole surface of the apical section of each branch, just below the apical bud. the labelled pulse (moving auxin) and the following weakly radioactive zone (auxin and metabolites retained by the tissues) were localized by counting: microautoradiographss were made using cross sections from these two regions. during the second fortnight of apr ... | 1984 | 24253645 |
| the relationship between the redox state of q a and photosynthesis in leaves at various carbon-dioxide, oxygen and light regimes. | the response of chlorophyll fluorescence elicited by a low-fluence-rate modulated measuring beam to actinic light and to superimposed 1-s pulses from a high-fluence-rate light source was used to measure the redox state of the primary acceptor q a of photosystem ii in leaves which were photosynthesizing under steady-state conditions. the leaves were exposed to various o2 and co2 concentrations and to different energy fluence rates of actinic light to assess the relationship between rates of photo ... | 1985 | 24241436 |
| composition and function of plastoglobuli : ii. lipid composition of leaves and plastoglobuli during beech leaf senescence. | the lipid composition of whole leaves and isolated plastoglobul of beech (fagus sylvatica) has been studied during four natural autumnal senescence stages. chlorophylls, glycolipids, and phospholipids were extensively degraded in leaves. about 20% of the glycolipids found in leaves during summer, however, remained in the last stage of leaf senescence. triacylglycerols, also detected in large amounts in summer leaves, were hydrolyzed during senescence. the content of free fatty acids derived from ... | 1985 | 24249273 |
| factors contributing to forest decline in northwestern switzerland. | possible causes of decline of 37 beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forests in northwestern switzerland were investigated. the trees were assessed for symptoms of damage or disease including loss of leaves, chlorosis and dead shoots. in addition, nutrients and pollutants were analyzed in soil, leaves, stemflow and rainwater. air pollutants were monitored at several sites. the results indicate that a variety of factors may have contributed to forest decline. | 1986 | 14975894 |
| the bark of trees: thermal properties, microclimate and fauna. | the thermal properties of four different types of bark were investigated on twentyfour central european tree species using thermocouples. tree species with white bark avoid overheating of their surface by reflection of the radiation. species with fissured and scaly barks shade inner parts of their bark. some tree species with fissured barks show high insulation across the bark. smooth and thin barks show no adaptation to avoid overheating. these tree species (in central europe e.g. fagus sylvati ... | 1986 | 28311699 |
| short-term canopy interactions of beech trees: mineral ion leaching and absorption during rainfall. | mineral nutrient composition of the stemflow of 70-120-year-old beech trees fagus sylvatica l. in 26 stands in northwestern switzerland was compared with that of incident precipitation. four mm of precipitation was sufficient to wash-off the bulk of the dry deposition intercepted by the canopy. thereafter, differences in composition between precipitation and stemflow provided a measure of net ion absorption by or leaching from the canopy. depending on the acidity of the rain and on the buffering ... | 1987 | 14975826 |
| foliage litter turnover and earthworm populations in three beech forests of contrasting soil and vegetation types. | leaf litter decomposition, levels of accumulated litter as well as the abundance and biomass of earthworms were measured in three mature beech forests in southern sweden: one mor site, one poor mull site, and one rich mull site. the disappearance rate of beech litter, measured with litter bags, increased with increasing soil fertility. on the rich mull site, the disappearance rate was much higher than in the two other forests, due to the combined effects of higher earthworm activity, more favoua ... | 1987 | 28312897 |
| callus formation from mesophyll protoplasts of fagus sylvatica l. | viable protoplasts of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) were isolated from sterilized young leaves of juvenile (3-5 years) and mature (40 years) trees. isolation in a saline solution containing 0.5% (w/v) pectinol and 2% (w/v) cellulase r-10 yielded 3×10(7) protoplasts per gram fresh weight. protoplast culture in modified kao and michayluk (1975) medium resulted in cell wall regeneration and sustained cell divisions with the formation of colonies and microcalli. | 1988 | 24240397 |
| ozone-induced nitrate formation in needles and leaves of picea abies, fagus sylvatica and quercus robur. | much attention has been paid to ozone as a major cause of novel forest decline in europe. in combination with acidic mist, o(3) has been observed to increase ion leaching. besides cations lake mg(2+), ca(2+), k(+), nh(4)(+), considerable amounts of nitrate were found to be leached by acidic mist from needles of norway spruce. controlled fumigation experiments, with 100, 300, and 600 microg o(3)m(-3) over 22 days continuously, have led to a nitrate accumulation of 94.1 +/- 14.8, 119.4 +/- 28.7 an ... | 1988 | 15092611 |
| mineral nutrients, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in southern sweden as related to environmental factors. | concentrations of major elements, trace elements, starch, total sugars and phenols were measured in leaves of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees located at 89 sites in the province of scania, southern sweden. concentrations of elements had only a weak relationship to soil variables, but leaf n increased with distance from sources of industrial air pollution. within-site variation in concentrations of most elements was smaller than variation among sites and was lowest for n, p, k and cu and highest ... | 1989 | 14972971 |
| effect of ambient ozone and acid mist on aphid development. | the effect of ambient air with increased ozone concentrations and artificial acid mist on the population growth of two different aphid species was studied: aphis fabae on phaseolus vulgaris and phyllaphis fagi on seedings of fagus sylvatica. whereas the ambient air inhibited growth of aphis fabae, it stimulated population growth of phyllaphis fagi. in fagus, analysis of a phloem exudate revealed that the amino acid/sugar ratio was significantly increased by the ambient air compared to filtered a ... | 1989 | 15092475 |
| bud dormancy in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). effect of chilling and photoperiod on dormancy release of beech seedlings. | two-year-old fagus sylvatica l. seedlings were subjected to natural winter chilling or were overwintered in a heated greenhouse. plants were then grown in controlled environment chambers with photoperiods of 9 or 13 h. renewal of bud growth was found to be mainly determined by winter chilling. there was a slight interaction between chilling and photoperiod. sprouting of apical buds took two to three times as long in unchilled plants as in chilled plants. shoot elongation was influenced by chilli ... | 1990 | 14972934 |
| induction kinetics of delayed fluorescence of sun and shade leaves of fagus sylvatica in the ms-range. | induction kinetics of luminescence (= delayed chlorophyll fluorescence or delayed light emission) were measured with sun and shade leaves of a tall beech tree (fagus sylvatica 'pendula', weeping beech). the kinetics detected in the ms-range are contrasted for the upper and the lower leaf side. the influence of the following parameters is demonstrated: time of dark-adaptation prior to the measurement, intensity of the excitation light and photoinhibitory treatment. the effects are discussed with ... | 1990 | 2339196 |
| performance of some growth variables. | european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.) and silver fir (abies alba mill.) were exposed to low concentrations of ozone (o(3)) and sulfur dioxide (so(2)), alone and combined, and simulated acid rain (ph 4.0) in sheltered open-top chambers in hohenheim (southwest germany) for almost five years. the concentrations of o(3) and so(2) used were related to annual ambient average found in southern west germany. two control chambers were ventilated with charcoal filtered ... | 1990 | 15092188 |
| visible injury responses. | during a five year experiment on the causes of forest disease, symptoms of visible injury and pest infestations in trees treated with various air pollutants in open-top chambers were observed. though the long-term experiment was originally not intended to include such investigations, insect infestation and some discoloration of the trees (beech, fagus sylvatica; fir, abies alba; spruce, picea abies) could not be avoided. abundance and size of some of the insects were measured after two years and ... | 1990 | 15092183 |
| general methods and materials. | in the winter of 1982-83 an experiment was initiated at the university of hohenheim to investigate the long-term effects of near ambient concentrations of o(3), so(2), and simulated acidic rain and fog, alone and in combination, on mineral cycling, physiology, biochemistry and anatomy of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.) and european beech (fagus silvatica l.) seedlings in model ecosystems. open-top chambers above soil lysimeters were protected with shelters 1 ... | 1990 | 15092174 |
| resource allocation of beech seedlings (fagus sylvatica l.) -relationship to earthworm activity and soil conditions. | the physiological activity and c and n allocation of beech seedlings planted in two different beech forest soils (acid brown earth, rendzina) were studied over 80 days. one adult earthworm octolasion lacteum (örley) was placed in half of the containers. transpiration, co2, assimilation, chlorophyll synthesis and n incorporation were higher in the acid brown earth than in the rendzina. fine root production was also higher in the acid brown earth. production of stems and total n incorporation were ... | 1991 | 28312740 |
| a comparative study into the chemical constitution of cutins and suberins from picea abies (l.) karst., quercus robur l., and fagus sylvatica l. | the compositions of bf3/ch3oh depolymerisates of cutins and suberins from leaf and periderm samples from picea abies [l.] karst., quercus robur l., and fagus sylvatica l., respectively, were determined by quantitative capillary gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. long-chain monobasic, ω-hydroxymonobasic, dihydroxymonobasic, trihydroxymonobasic and epoxyhydroxymonobasic alkanoic acids constituted the major aliphatic monomers of leaf cutins. the total amounts of cutin monomers ranged from 629 mg ... | 1991 | 24186347 |
| reversibility of stemflow-induced soil acidification in swedish beech forest. | stemwater running down the trunks of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) has an acidifying effect on soil near the stem. the deposition of acidifying substances may be two to four times higher close to the stem compared to in the stand in general. to study reversibility of soil acidification, 72 stumps of beech trees were chosen from five different year classes of felling (3, 6, 9, 14-15, 25-30), representing the years when stemflow ceased to affect the soil. the h(+) concentration (ph kcl) in the topsoi ... | 1991 | 15092073 |
| isolation of functional rna from plant tissues rich in phenolic compounds. | a method for the isolation of rna from different tissues of trees (seedlings, saplings, and adult trees) is described. using this procedure it is possible to remove large amounts of disturbing polyphenolic compounds from nucleic acids. the method involves an acetone treatment of the freeze-dried and powdered plant material, the use of high salt concentrations in the extraction buffer and an aqueous two-phase system. these steps were combined with the conventional phenol/chloroform extraction and ... | 1991 | 1719845 |
| somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from cell suspension cultures of fagus sylvatica l. | embryogenic cell suspension cultures and somatic embryos of five genotypes of beech, were obtained from aged cultures derived from immature zygotic embryos cultured on solid medium containing both 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and n6-benzyladenine. the origin of somatic embryos was traced from single cells. embryos remained arrested at the globular stage on liquid media, further development was achieved after plating embryogenic aggregates on murashige and skoog's medium with half strength maj ... | 1992 | 24213362 |
| influence of nitrogen fertilization on minerals, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds in beech (fagus sylvatica l.) leaves. | beginning in 1985, plots in a 120-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) stand in the province of scania, southern sweden were fertilized annually with ammonium nitrate. in august 1989, leaves from both fertilized and unfertilized trees were analyzed for mineral nutrients, soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolic compounds. leaf concentrations of total nitrogen were increased by n fertilization. ammonium was not detected in the leaves, but no(3) (-) was increased by up to 65% as a result of ... | 1992 | 14969878 |
| an account of the ticks of the northeastern of spain (acarina: ixodidae). | the tick species commonly collected at the northeast of spain are reported in this paper. data on hosts, temperature and humidity requirements, vegetation relationships, altitudinal distribution, and seasonal activity are included. r. sanguineus is commonly collected in areas with mediterranean vegetation, esteppe, and semi-desertic esteppe, ranging from 190 to 1,000 meters above the sea level. r. sanguineus is related with sparse vegetal areas, and it is absent from areas with dense shrub or fo ... | 1992 | 1290375 |
| seasonal changes in the axial distribution of peroxidase activity in the xylem sap of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees. | xylem sap was collected from trunk segments of adult beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees by water displacement. peroxidase activity was analyzed in xylem saps collected in different phases of the yearly growth cycle and from different heights up the trunks (up to 14 m). the xylem saps contained two major peroxidase isozymes with acidic isoelectric points of 4.1 and 4.6, respectively. mean peroxidase activity was low during the emergence of the new leaves and high in summer and in winter. in the col ... | 1993 | 14969996 |
| decomposition of (14)c-labeled cellulose substrates in litter and soil from a beechwood on limestone. | the decomposition of three different (14)c-labeled cellulose substrates (plant holocellulose, plant cellulose prepared from (14)c-labeled beech wood (fagus sylvatica) and bacterial cellulose produced by acetobacter xylinum) in samples from the litter and mineral soil layer of a beechwood on limestone was studied. in a long-term (154 day) experiment, mineralization of cellulose materials, production of (14)c-labeled water-soluble compounds, and incorporation of (14)c in microbial biomass was in t ... | 1993 | 24189924 |
| rapid response of large, drought-stressed beech trees to irrigation. | large, declining beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees (diameter at breast height = 50 cm), growing on heavy clay soils in the highlands near zurich, switzerland, were amply irrigated in late summer. during irrigation, the xylem sap flow rate, q(wt), was measured by the stem-tissue heat balance method with internal heating and sensing. only a gradual and slight increase in q(wt) in response to irrigation was observed in the control trees, whereas q(wt) in the declining trees, whose transpiration rate ... | 1993 | 14969918 |
| leaf gas exchange of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings in lightflecks: a system for measuring rapid changes in co2 partial pressures. | a system is described for the measurement of fast transient responses of leaf gas exchange to lightflecks. any chamber adulterates a true signal unless in the steady-state; therefore, a procedure for estimating an 'effective chamber volume' is presented which is an essential parameter for correcting a measured transient signal. a common correction is critically commented on. with the system, responses of net photosynthesis to lightflecks as short as 1 s have been observed in leaves of seedlings ... | 1993 | 24318759 |
| consistency of observations of forest tree defoliation in three european countries. | the crown densities of 186 trees of five common european tree species (norway spruce (picea abies), silver fir (abies alba), scots pine (pinus sylvestris), oak (quercus robur) and beech (fagus sylvatica) were assessed simultaneously by observation teams from france, germany and the united kingdom. major differences in the scores existed, with the maximum difference on any one tree being 45%. differences tended to be consistent, with the french team scoring more lightly than the german team and t ... | 1993 | 24227454 |
| xylem sap composition of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees: seasonal changes in the axial distribution of sulfur compounds. | during different phases of the annual growth cycle, xylem sap was collected from trunk segments of adult beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees by the water displacement technique. irrespective of the height of the trunk, both sulfate and reduced sulfur compounds were detected in the xylem sap throughout the year. sulfate was the predominant sulfur compound in all samples analyzed. its concentration in the xylem sap varied between 10 and 350 micro mol l(-1), with highest concentrations in april, short ... | 1994 | 14967689 |
| beech foliage as a bioindicator of pollution near a waste incinerator. | since 1971 unshaded leaves from the top of marked beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) in the vicinity of a regional waste incinerator have been sampled every year in early september. the unwashed leaf samples were analyzed for the concentration of cl- and, in some years, for 16 other elements. the operation of the waste incinerator distinctly increased the cl- concentration in the foliage. when the flue gas filtration did not work properly, several other elements also accumulated (without any obvio ... | 1994 | 15091675 |
| uptake and distribution of calcium and phosphorus in beech (fagus sylvatica) as influenced by aluminum and nitrogen. | we studied the effects of excess nitrogen added as nitrate (no(3) (-)) or ammonium (nh(4) (+)), or both, on mineral nutrition and growth of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) plants grown at ph 4.2 in al-free nutrient solution or in solutions containing 0.1 or 1.0 mm alcl(3). a high external concentration of nh(4) (+) increased the concentration of nitrogen in roots, stems and leaves. the root/shoot dry weight ratio was less in plants grown in the presence of nh(4) (+) than in plants grown in the presen ... | 1994 | 14967634 |
| growth and energetics of a trichopteran larva feeding on fresh submerged and terrestrial plants. | we studied the growth and assimilation of larvae of anabolia nervosa, a lotic trichopteran shredder, on diets of fresh tissue of the submerged macrophyte potamogeton perfoliatus and fresh leaves of the trees alnus glutinosa and fagus sylvatica. fifth-instar larvae were fed these three diets for 23 days (20 may-12 june) in the laboratory. instantaneous growth rate and gross growth efficiency were almost the same for larvae fed potamogeton and alnus, but lower for larvae fed fagus. the larvae cons ... | 1994 | 28313638 |
| determination of the quantum efficiency of photosystem ii and of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the field. | a newly developed portable chlorophyll fluorometer in combination with a special leaf clip holder was used for assessing photosynthetic activity of attached sun leaves of fagus sylvatica and cucurbita pepo under field conditions. during diurnal time courses, fluorescence yield, photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd) incident on the leaf plane, and leaf temperature were measured and quantum efficiency of photosystem ii (ps ii), apparent relative electron transport rates, and non-photochemical ... | 1995 | 28306885 |
| protozoa, nematoda and lumbricidae in the rhizosphere of hordelymus europeaus (poaceae): faunal interactions, response of microorganisms and effects on plant growth. | interactions among protozoa (mixed cultures of ciliates, flagellates and naked amoebae), bacteria-feeding nematodes (pellioditis pellio schneider) and the endogeic earthworm species aporrectodea caliginosa (savigny) were investigated in experimental chambers with soil from a beechwood (fagus sylvatica l.) on limestone. experimental chambers were planted with the grass hordelymus europeaus l. (poaceae) and three compartments separated by 45-μm mesh were established: rhizosphere, intermediate and ... | 1996 | 28307163 |
| effects of elevated co(2) concentration on leaf characteristics and photosynthetic capacity of beech (fagus sylvatica) during the growing season. | two-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) saplings were planted directly in the ground at high density (100 per m(2)), in an experimental design that realistically mimicked field conditions, and grown for two years in air containing co(2) at either ambient or an elevated (ambient + 350 ppm) concentration. plant dry mass and leaf area were increased by a two-year exposure to elevated co(2). the saplings produced physiologically distinct types of sun leaves associated with the first and second growt ... | 1996 | 14871728 |
| changes in microbial biomass, respiration and nutrient status of beech (fagus sylvatica) leaf litter processed by millipedes (glomeris marginata). | the effect of processing of beech leaf litter (fagus sylvatica l.) of different ages by the diplopodglomeris marginata (villers) on status and turnover of microorganisms was investigated in the laboratory. microbial biomass, basal respiration and metabolic quotient of litter-material from three different beechwood sites of a basalt hill forming a gradient from basalt (upper part of the hill) to limestone (lower part of the hill) were determined each season (february, may, august and november). t ... | 1996 | 28307200 |
| xylem dysfunction during winter and recovery of hydraulic conductivity in diffuse-porous and ring-porous trees. | xylem embolism in winter and spring as well as the occurrence of positive xylem pressure were monitored in several diffuse-porous and one ring-porous tree species (fraxinus excelsior). in acer pseudoplatanus and betula pendula embolism reversal was associated with positive (above-atmospheric) xylem pressures that frequently occurred during a 2-month period prior to leaf expansion. in acer high stem pressures were occasionally triggered on sunny days after a night frost. the other species investi ... | 1996 | 28307135 |
| [fungal endophytes in juncus imbricatus var chamissonis: identification of colonization patterns.]. | colonization patterns corresponding to individual endophytic species were observed in asymptomatic leaves and culms of juncus imbricatus var chamissonis, a perennial plant. the presence of the fungi within the host was demonstrated by light microscopy after the cleaning and staining of tissues. the main endophytic species, pleospora aff togwotiensis, was found colonizing the substomatal chamber and growing intercellularly between mesophyll cells. in a second colonization pattern, an unknown fung ... | 1997 | 17655388 |
| the expression of an abscisic acid-responsive glycine-rich protein coincides with the level of seed dormancy in fagus sylvatica. | by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from poly (a+) rna of aba-treated seeds of fagus sylvatica l., we have isolated an aba-responsive clone that is present in dormant seeds and under conditions that maintain dormancy, but it tends to disappear under conditions breaking seed dormancy. a search of the sequence data bases showed that the clone codes for a glycine-rich protein and has sequence similarity to rna-binding proteins. the clone, which exibits the characteristics of lea ... | 1997 | 9522463 |
| nutrient contents and concentrations in relation to growth of picea abies and fagus sylvatica along a european transect. | mineral nutrition of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated along a transect extending from northern sweden to central italy. nitrogen (n) concentrations of needles and leaves in stands growing on acid soils did not differ significantly between central italy and southern sweden (1.0 +/- 0.1 mmol n g(-1) for needles and 1.9 +/- 0.14 mmol n g(-1) for leaves). in both species, foliar n concentrations were highest in germany (1.2 mmol n g(-1) for need ... | 1997 | 14759887 |
| interdependence of ph, malate concentration, and calcium and magnesium concentrations in the xylem sap of beech roots. | the presence and concentration of mineral nutrients and organic acids were analyzed in root xylem sap of mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.). an interdependence between malate concentration, ph, and calcium and magnesium concentrations was observed. significant correlations were found between low ph values and high calcium and magnesium concentrations, low ph values and high malate concentration, and high malate concentration and high total calcium and magnesium concentrations. the observed ... | 1997 | 14759841 |
| influence of photosynthetic photon flux density on growth and transpiration in seedlings of fagus sylvatica. | beech seedlings (fagus sylvatica l.) were grown in various combinations of three photosynthetic photon flux densities (ppfd, 0.7, 7.3 or 14.5 mol m(-2) day(-1)) for two years in a controlled environmental chamber. dry mass of leaves, stem and roots, leaf area and number of leaves, and unit leaf rate were affected by both previous-year and current-year ppfd. number of shoots and length of the main shoot were affected by previous-year ppfd but not by current-year ppfd. number of leaves per shoot d ... | 1997 | 14759883 |
| transcripts of a gene, encoding a small gtp-binding protein from fagus sylvatica, are induced by aba and accumulated in the embryonic axis of dormant seeds. | a cdna clone was selected from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated fagus sylvatica l dormant seeds as a template. the clone is highly expressed in the presence of aba and tends to disappear in stratified seeds. a search of sequence databases showed that the clone encodes a small gtp-binding protein. by means of in situ hybridization, the mrna has been located in the apical meristem of the embryonic axis and in the central vascular cylinder. its possible involvement in growth r ... | 1998 | 9484489 |
| cambium pre-activation in beech correlates with a strong temporary increase of calcium in cambium and phloem but not in xylem cells. | using secondary ion mass spectrometry (sims), calcium was imaged in cambium cells and in the adjacent secondary phloem and xylem cells during the different phases of cambium functioning in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). at the end of the period of quiescence, immediately before the resumption of cell divisions (i.e. at the cambium pre-activation phase), a strong temporary increase of calcium concentration was observed to take place in cambium and phloem but not in xylem cells. | 1998 | 9883274 |
| comparative phylogeography and postglacial colonization routes in europe. | the quaternary cold periods in europe are thought to have heavily influenced the amount and distribution of intraspecific genetic variation in both animals and plants. the phylogeographies of 10 taxa, including mammals (ursus arctos, sorex spp., crocidura suaveolens, arvicola spp.), amphibians (triturus spp.), arthropods (chorthippus parallelus), and plants (abies alba, picea abies, fagus sylvatica, quercus spp.), were analysed to elucidate general trends across europe. only a small degree of co ... | 1998 | 9628000 |
| stoichiometry of foliar carbon constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity. | foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as populus tremula l. < fraxinus excelsior l. < tilia cordata mill. = corylus avellana l. < fagus sylvatica l. foliar carbon was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, ethanol-soluble carbohydrates, starch) fractions. foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected ... | 1998 | 12651358 |
| a model of dry matter partitioning in trees. | in mechanistic growth models, the description of assimilate allocation or dry matter partitioning plays a key role. although theoretical concepts of allocation exist, they include many parameters that cannot be quantified. therefore, many growth models use descriptive keys that represent the proportions of dry matter or carbohydrates assigned to each plant component. i have developed a model to describe the dynamic partitioning of dry matter in individual trees, and used it to investigate the ef ... | 1998 | 12651393 |
| nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an n-deposition gradient in europe. | we measured fine root n concentration, root in vivo nitrate reductase activity (nra) and root uptake capacity for (15)nh(4) (+) and (15)no(3) (-) along an n-deposition gradient from northern sweden to central europe, encompassing a variation in n deposition rates of < 5 to about 40 kg n ha(-1) year(-1). the focus was on picea abies (l.) karst., but fagus sylvatica l. in central europe and pinus sylvestris l. and betula spp. in northern sweden were also studied. we assumed that, with an increased ... | 1998 | 12651404 |
| influence of the moisture content on the composition of the liquid smoke produced in the pyrolysis process of fagus sylvatica l. wood. | the pyrolysis of several samples of sawdust of fagus sylvatica l. wood with different moisture contents was carried out, keeping all other smoke generation parameters constant. however, parameters such as smoke production length and maximum temperature reached were affected by the moisture content of the sample and varied in the different pyrolytic runs. the acidity and the composition of the liquid smokes obtained were determined, this latter by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and ... | 1999 | 10552778 |
| high genetic diversity in a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina in a 150-year-old beech forest | the genetic structure of a population of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete laccaria amethystina (bolt. ex hooker) murr. was assessed in a closed 150-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest in the vosges mountains in northeastern france. during the autumn of 1994 and 1997, sporophores were collected from three 100-m2 sampling plots located along a 120-m transect crossing the beech stand. the genetic variation of 676 sporophores was initially estimated using heteroduplex analysis of the ribosom ... | 1999 | 10632852 |
| effects of ozone exposure in open-top chambers on poplar (populus nigra) and beech (fagus sylvatica): a comparison. | rooted cuttings of poplar (populus nigra) and seedlings of beech (fagus sylvatica) were exposed to ozone in open-top chambers for one growing season. three treatments were applied: charcoal-filtered (cf), non-filtered (nf) and non-filtered air plus 30 ppb (nl l(-1)) ozone (nf+). extra ozone was only added on clear days, from 09:00 until 17:00-20:00. the aot40s (accumulated exposure over a threshold of 40 ppb), calculated from april to september were 4055 ppb.h for the nf and 8880 ppb.h for the n ... | 2000 | 15092884 |
| winter north atlantic oscillation effects on the tree rings of the italian beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | climatic signals in beech tree-ring width series from central italy have been studied over different periods of time. prewhitened tree-ring chronologies respond mainly to summer precipitation and they do not correlate in a significant manner with the winter north atlantic oscillation (nao) index. in this high-frequency pattern the nao signs are only found on a small number of rings characterized by being very narrow or wide. by contrast, tree-ring width chronologies in which all the frequency co ... | 2000 | 11049000 |
| a dual 13c and 15n long-term labelling technique to investigate uptake and translocation of c and n in beech (fagus sylvatica l.). | a continuous dual 13co2 and 15nh4(15)no3 labelling experimental set-up is presented that was used to investigate the c and n uptake and allocation within 3-year old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) during one growing season. the c and n allocation pattern was determined after six, twelve and eighteen weeks of growth. the carbon uptake was distinctly different in the three phases examined: the first six weeks after budbreak were dedicated to leaf growth with a r/s (root to shoot) ratio of 0.14 for the ... | 2000 | 11022326 |
| the soil food web of two beech forests (fagus sylvatica) of contrasting humus type: stable isotope analysis of a macro- and a mesofauna-dominated community. | the structure of the soil food web in two beech (fagus sylvatica) forests, the göttinger wald and the solling forest (northern germany), was investigated using variations in tissue (15)n concentrations of animal species or taxa. the göttinger wald is located on a limestone plateau and characterized by mull humus with high macrofauna activity, particularly of lumbricidae, diplopoda and isopoda. in contrast, the solling forest is located on a sandstone mountain range and characterized by moder hum ... | 2000 | 28308733 |
| beech (fagus sylvatica) response to ozone exposure assessed with a chlorophyll a fluorescence performance index. | this paper describes a relationship between ozone exposure, biomass, visual symptoms and a chlorophyll a fluorescence performance index for young beech trees (fagus sylvatica). the plants were exposed to four levels of ozone in open-top fumigation chambers (50, 85, 100% of ambient, and 50% of ambient+30 nl l(-1) ozone) that fluctuated in parallel with ambient ozone during a single growing season. the trees were fumigated in the four treatments with ozone levels corresponding to an aot40 (accumul ... | 2000 | 15092883 |
| seasonal ozone response of mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica) at high altitude in the bavarian forest (germany) in comparison with young beech grown in the field and in phytotrons. | mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica) grown at two different altitudes in the bavarian forest were compared with young beech trees grown at nearby field sites or in phytotrons for their macroscopic and physiological responses to different ozone (o(3)) exposures. cumulative o(3) exposure expressed as the sum of hourly mean concentrations above the canopy ranged between 100 and 150 microl l(-1) h, with the vertical o(3) profiles at the higher altitude site being enhanced by 30%. o(3) profiles at al ... | 2000 | 15092876 |
| atmospheric input of elements to forest ecosystems: a method of estimation using artificial foliage placed above rain collectors. | usefulness of a method of artificial foliage was tested for estimation of total ionic inputs from the atmosphere to forest ecosystems, as well as of processes relevant to ionic fluxes through tree canopies: uptake, leaching, passive flow. the studies were performed in norway spruce and european beech stands in karkonosze mountains (poland), in 1995-97. artificial leaves of increasing leaf area index: 0, 2, 6 and 12 m(2) m(-2 )were placed above standard rain collectors. it has been found that tot ... | 2000 | 15092848 |
| spatial and temporal variability of foliar mineral concentration in beech (fagus sylvatica) stands in northeastern france. | foliar mineral concentration may provide a basis for monitoring the consequences of long-term environmental changes, such as eutrophication and acidification of soils, or increase in atmospheric co(2) concentration. however, analytical drifts and inter-tree and year-to-year variations may confound environmental effects on long-term changes in foliar mineral concentration. we have characterized the relative effects of these potentially confounding factors on foliar carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, c ... | 2000 | 12651522 |
| leaf photosynthetic characteristics of beech (fagus sylvatica) saplings during three years of exposure to elevated co(2) concentration. | beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings were cultivated from seeds sown in pots or directly in the ground in outdoor chambers that were transparent to solar radiation, and provided either ambient air or co(2)-enriched air (ambient + 350 &mgr;mol mol(-1)). the rooting volume was high in all experiments. in the short-term experiment, potted plants were assigned to a factorial co(2) x nutrient treatment (optimal nutrient supply and severe nutrient shortage) for 1 year. in the long-term experiment, pla ... | 2000 | 12651460 |
| genetic diversity and bark physiology of the european beech (fagus sylvatica): a coevolutionary relationship with the beech scale (cryptococcus fagisuga). | in 1994 and 1995, the degree of infestation by the beech scale (cryptococcus fagisuga lind.) was recorded on 120 beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) in the pless forest near göttingen, germany. simultaneously, the trees were characterized genetically and compounds of primary and secondary metabolism of beech bark were analyzed. a correlation was established between beech scale infestation and the genotype of the host trees, based on gene locus a of isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh-a). the fraction of ... | 2000 | 12651444 |
| genetic variation of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) along an altitudinal transect at mount vogelsberg in hesse, germany. | allelic and genotypic variation at 13 different enzyme loci of autochthonous european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in six 110-160-year-old stands growing at elevations between 150 and 660 m above sea level on the western slope of mount vogelsberg in central germany. the highest elevated population showed the highest number of effective alleles (ne), the highest total heterozygosity (he) and the highest population differentiation deltat. also, the genotype skd-a2a3 of shikimate deh ... | 2000 | 10972774 |
| volume growth and survival graphs: a method for evaluating process-based forest growth models. | we investigated the relationships within forest stands between tree size and (a) stem volume growth rate and (b) risk of mortality for individual trees. values of both x and y variables were plotted relative to the largest value in the stand. we refer to the resultant presentations as relative volume growth and relative survival graphs (vgss). a pair of vgss can be produced readily from an individual-tree growth model. it can also be constructed from consecutive sets of field measurements. compa ... | 2000 | 12651451 |
| ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (fagus sylvatica), ash (fraxinus excelsior), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | current-year seedlings of beech, ash, norway spruce and scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (o(3)) scenarios representative for switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l(-1)) in open-top chambers (otcs) and to ambient o(3) concentrations in the field. biomass significantly decreased with increasing o(3) dose in all species except for spruce. losses of 25.5% (ash), 17.4% (beech), 9.9% (scots pine) were found per 10 microl l(-1) h accumu ... | 2000 | 15092880 |
| retention index database for identification of general green leaf volatiles in plants by coupled capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a series of ubiquitously occurring saturated and monounsaturated six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols and esters thereof is summarised as 'green leaf volatiles' (glvs). the present study gives a comprehensive data collection of retention indices of 35 glvs on commonly used non-polar db-5, mid-polar db-1701, and polar db-wax stationary phases. seventeen commercially not available compounds were synthesised. thus, the present study allows reliable identification of most known glv in natural plant volati ... | 2000 | 11009035 |
| regeneration of mature norway spruce stands: early effects of selective cutting and clear cutting on seepage water quality and soil fertility. | the cutting of trees influences element turnover in the forest ecosystem. the reduction of plant uptake, as well as an increased mineralization and nitrification due to higher soil temperature and soil moisture, can lead to considerable losses of nutrients from the main rooting zone. this may result in a reduced soil fertility and a decrease in drinking water quality due to high nitrate concentrations in the seepage water. in bavaria (germany) selective cutting is preferred to clear cutting when ... | 2001 | 12805805 |
| glacial refugia: sanctuaries for allelic richness, but not for gene diversity. | glacial refugia are generally expected to harbor higher levels of genetic diversity than are areas that have been colonized after the retreat of the glaciers because colonization often involves only a few individuals. a new paper by comps et al. challenges this expectation by demonstrating a more complex situation in the european beech fagus sylvatica, for which some measures of genetic diversity are higher in newly colonized areas than in refugia. the key to understanding this counter-intuitive ... | 2001 | 11369091 |
| influence of tree internal n status on uptake and translocation of c and n in beech: a dual 13c and 15n labeling approach. | influence of plant internal nitrogen (n) stocks on carbon (c) and n uptake and allocation in 3-year-old beech (fagus sylvatica l.) was studied in two 15n- and 13c-labeling experiments. in the first experiment, trees were grown in sand and received either no n nutrition (-n treatment) or 4 mm unlabeled n (+n treatment) for 1 year. the -n- and +n-pretreated trees were then supplied with 4 mm 15n and grown in a 13co2 atmosphere for 24 weeks. in the second experiment, trees were pretreated with 4 mm ... | 2001 | 11282579 |
| mechanisms of xylem recovery from winter embolism in fagus sylvatica. | hydraulic conductivity in the terminal branches of mature beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) decreased progressively during winter and recovered in the spring. the objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms involved in recovery. two periods of recovery were identified. the first recovery of hydraulic conductivity occurred early in the spring, before bud break, and was correlated with the occurrence of positive xylem pressure at the base of the tree trunk. active refilling of the embol ... | 2001 | 11260821 |
| diverging trends between heterozygosity and allelic richness during postglacial colonization in the european beech. | variation at 12 polymorphic isozyme loci was studied in the european beech on the basis of an extensive sample of 389 populations distributed throughout the species range. special emphasis was given to the analysis of the pattern of geographic variation on the basis of two contrasting measures of genetic diversity, gene diversity (h) and allelic richness, and to their relationship. measures of allelic richness were corrected for variation in sample size by using the rarefaction method. as expect ... | 2001 | 11139519 |
| ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in switzerland. | canton ticino in southern switzerland is exposed to some of the highest concentrations of tropospheric ozone in europe. during recent field surveys in canton ticino, foliar symptoms identical to those caused by ozone have been documented on native tree and shrub species. in europe, the critical ozone level for forest trees has been defined at an aot40 of 10 ppm.h o3 (10 ppm.h accumulated exposure of ozone over a threshold of 40 ppb) during daylight hours over a six-month growing season. the obje ... | 2001 | 11202736 |
| temperature response of leaf photosynthetic capacity in seedlings from seven temperate tree species. | seedlings of seven temperate tree species (acer pseudoplatanus l., betula pendula roth, fagus sylvatica l., fraxinus excelsior l., juglans regia l., quercus petraea matt. liebl. and quercus robur l.) were grown in a nursery under neutral filters transmitting 45% of incident global irradiance. during the second or third year of growth, leaf photosynthetic capacity (i.e., maximal carboxylation rate, vcmax, maximal photosynthetic electron transport rate, jmax, and dark respiration, rd) was estimate ... | 2001 | 11276416 |
| a new protein phosphatase 2c (fspp2c1) induced by abscisic acid is specifically expressed in dormant beechnut seeds. | an abscisic acid (aba)-induced cdna fragment encoding a putative protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) was obtained by means of differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction approach. the full-length clone was isolated from a cdna library constructed using mrna from aba-treated beechnut (fagus sylvatica) seeds. this clone presents all the features of plant type pp2c and exhibits homology to members of this family such as athpp2ca (61%), abi1 (48%), or abi2 (47%), therefore it was named fs ... | 2001 | 11299374 |
| seasonal dynamics of soil carbon dioxide efflux and simulated rhizosphere respiration in a beech forest. | respiration of the rhizosphere in a beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forest was calculated by subtracting microbial respiration associated with organic matter decomposition from daily mean soil co2 efflux. we used a semi-mechanistic soil organic matter model to simulate microbial respiration, which was validated against "no roots" data from trenched subplots. rhizosphere respiration exhibited pronounced seasonal variation from 0.2 g c m(-2) day(-1) in january to 2.3 g c m(-2) day(-1) in july. rhizosph ... | 2001 | 11303645 |
| fate of nitrogen released from 15n-labeled litter in european beech forests. | the decomposition and fate of 15n-labeled beech litter was monitored in three european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) forests (aubure, france; ebrach, germany; and collelongo, italy) for 3 years. circular plots around single beech trees were isolated from roots of neighboring trees by soil trenching, and annual litterfall was replaced by 15n-labeled litter. nitrogen was continuously released from the decomposing litter. however, over a 2-year period, this release was balanced by the incorporation of ... | 2001 | 11303646 |
| variation of gas exchange within native plant species of switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: an open-top experiment. | gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury were intensively measured during a 6-day period in mid-august 1998 on leaves of acer pseudoplatanus, betula pendula, corylus avellana, fagus sylvatica, fraxinus excelsior, morus nigra, prunus avium, prunus serotina, rhamnus cathartica, and viburnum lantana at a forest nursery site in canton ticino, switzerland. plants were grown in four open plots (aa), four open-top chambers receiving carbon-filtered (cf) air, and four receiving non-filtered (nf) air ... | 2001 | 11383335 |
| molecular identification of fine roots of trees from the alps: reliable and fast dna extraction and pcr-rflp analyses of plastid dna. | fine roots of trees are intensively used as indicators to assess soil alterations, e.g. those owing to atmospheric inputs of acidifying substances, but their identification to species with morphological criteria is difficult. in this study, we established molecular techniques in order to identify fine roots of the 30 most common tree species of the alps. we developed a protocol for efficient isolation of dna from fine roots with extraction of dna in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and ... | 2001 | 11555251 |
| canopy gradients in delta(18)o of organic matter as ecophysiological tool. | we determined vertical oxygen isotope gradients of leaf organic matter for a grassland in switzerland and a mountain beech forest (fagus sylvatica) in northern italy. a distinctly positive (18)o/(16)o gradient with height above ground was found for the grassland (7.9/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001), whereas the gradient was negative for the forest (-0.077/1000 m(-1), p < 0.001). the results are consistent with microclimatic measurements, although large isotope variations between the species have to be ta ... | 2001 | 11558653 |
| phenolics in selected european hardwood species by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. | the phenols in beech (fagus sylvatica), birch (betula pendula) and ash (fraxinus excelsior) wood dusts were compared using a mass spectrometer fitted with an electrospray ionisation interface with liquid chromatographic separation. hardwood dust is a carcinogen, and an analysis of the polyphenol profile is a useful method for identifying the dust source in workplace air. the mass spectrometer was operated in both the negative and positive ion modes. phenolic compounds were identified by comparin ... | 2001 | 11592645 |
| selection effects of air pollution on gene pools of norway spruce, european silver fir and european beech. | the effects of industrial pollution on allelic and genotypic structures of norway spruce. european silver fir and european beech were investigated by means of isozyme analysis. in a mixed norway spruce-silver fir forest stand in an area heavily polluted by sulphur dioxide and heavy metals in the region of spis (eastern slovakia), pairs of neighbouring damaged and apparently healthy trees were selected in two replicates (44 and 69 pairs in a heavily and moderately damaged stand, respectively). pa ... | 2001 | 11789921 |
| coagulation-flocculation of beech condensate: particles size distribution. | beech wood (fagus sylvatica l.) condensate from a steaming operation was studied. the objective of our work was to study the precipitation of these wood extracts in presence of calcium ion after autoxidation at basic ph (8). the autoxidation was carried out at 250 rpm for 30 min, and flocculation was followed up for 30 min. an investigation with a laser sizer mastersizer of malvern has been done in order to study the influence of the agitation on the state of aggregation of the condensate. a neg ... | 2002 | 16290593 |
| contrasting distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood of adult ring-porous sessile oak and diffuse-porous beech trees. | we tested the hypothesis that broad-leaved forest species with contrasting wood anatomy and hydraulic system (ring-porous versus diffuse-porous) also differ in distribution and seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate reserves in stem wood. total nonstructural carbohydrate (tnc) reserves (starch and sugars) were measured enzymatically in the 10 youngest stem xylem rings of adult oak (quercus petraea (matt.) liebl.) and beech (fagus sylvatica l.) trees during an annual cycle. radial distribution of carb ... | 2002 | 12464573 |
| in situ ageing of fine beech roots (fagus sylvatica) assessed by transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy: description of microsites and evolution of polyphenolic substances. | root biomass is quantitatively and qualitatively important in most ecosystems, but its contribution to the pool of organic matter in the soil is not clear. this work was designed to specify root ageing on an ultrastructural scale by transmission electron microscopy combined with microanalysis by electron energy loss spectroscopy. this approach is very suitable for studying the soil/plant interface, and for semi-quantitative analysis of the evolution of polyphenolic substances during root evoluti ... | 2002 | 12148242 |
| consequences of elevated co2, augmented nitrogen-deposition and soil type on the soluble nitrogen and sulphur in the phloem of beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) in a competitive situation. | mixed spruce-beech plantations grown in large open-top chambers (otc) were used to study consequences of elevated co2, nitrogen-deposition and soil type on plant internal nitrogen and sulphur cycling of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and spruce (picea abies karst.) in a competitive situation. processes of re-cycling as a consequence of protein turnover during leaf senescence in autumn were of further interest. for this purpose, phloem sap was collected in september 1998 and analysed for the ... | 2002 | 12060244 |
| pb and 206pb/207pb isotopic analysis of a tree bark pocket near sheffield, uk recording historical change in airborne pollution during the 20th century. | a section of tree trunk (beech, fagus sylvatica) containing a bark pocket progressively enclosed at the junction of two branches was collected from a semi-rural location near sheffield, uk. according to the annual growth rings, the bark pocket formed between ca. 1919 and 1998 (the date of felling). the bark pocket was divided into consecutive samples of differing radial depth (and thus age), that were analysed by icp mass spectrometry. the pb concentration varied from 7 to 78 mg kg (-1) and the ... | 2002 | 12049393 |
| lignification in beech (fagus sylvatica) grown at elevated co2 concentrations: interaction with nutrient availability and leaf maturation. | beech (fagus sylvatica l.) seedlings were grown in an ambient or elevated co2 concentration ([co2]) either in small stands in microcosms for three to four seasons or individually in pots fertilized at different nutrient supply rates. leaves at different stages of development, as well as stems and roots at the end of the growing season, were used for analysis of structural biomass and lignin. in elevated [co2], lignification of leaves was slightly retarded compared with structural biomass product ... | 2002 | 11986050 |