Publications

ab-qtl analysis in winter wheat: ii. genetic analysis of seedling and field resistance against leaf rust in a wheat advanced backcross population.	the present study aimed to localize exotic quantitative trait locus (qtl) alleles for the improvement of leaf rust (p. triticina) resistance in an advanced backcross (ab) population, b22, which is derived from a cross between the winter wheat cultivar batis (triticum aestivum) and the synthetic wheat accession syn022l. the latter was developed from hybridization of t. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides and t. tauschii. altogether, 250 bc2f3 lines of b22 were assessed for seedling resistance against the l ...	18338154
metabolism of the fusarium mycotoxins t-2 toxin and ht-2 toxin in wheat.	to investigate the metabolic fate of ht-2 toxin (ht2) and t-2 toxin (t2) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), an untargeted metabolomics study utilizing stable isotopic labeling and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was performed. in total, 11 ht2 and 12 t2 derived in planta biotransformation products were annotated putatively. in addition to previously reported mono- and diglucosylated forms of ht2, evidence for the formation of ht2-malonyl-glucoside and feruloyl-t2, as well a ...	26278508
mass spectrometry-based analysis of whole-grain phytochemicals.	whole grains are a rich source of several classes of phytochemicals, such as alkylresorcinols, benzoxazinoids, flavonoids, lignans, and phytosterols. a high intake of whole grains has been linked to a reduced risk of some major noncommunicable diseases, and it has been postulated that a complex mixture of phytochemicals works in synergy to generate beneficial health effects. mass spectrometry, especially when coupled with liquid chromatography, is a widely used method for the analysis of phytoch ...	26167744
uncoupling of sodium and chloride to assist breeding for salinity tolerance in crops.	the separation of toxic effects of sodium (na(+)) and chloride (cl(-)) by the current methods of mixed salts and subsequent determination of their relevance to breeding has been problematic. we report a novel method (na(+) humate) to study the ionic effects of na(+) toxicity without interference from cl(-), and ionic and osmotic effects when combined with salinity (nacl). three cereal species (hordeum vulgare, triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum ssp. durum with and without the na(+) exclusio ...	26607560
"rolled-upness": phenotyping leaf rolling in cereals using computer vision and functional data analysis approaches.	the flag leaf of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plant rolls up into a cylinder in response to drought conditions and then unrolls when leaf water relations improve. this is a desirable trait for extending leaf area duration and improving grain size particularly under drought. but how do we quantify this phenotype so that different varieties of wheat or different treatments can be compared objectively since this phenotype can easily be confounded with inter-genotypic differences in root-water upt ...	26583042
anthocyanins in purple and blue wheat grains and in resulting bread: quantity, composition, and thermal stability.	the anthocyanin composition of blue (triticum aestivum l., cv. skorpion) and purple wheat (triticum aethiopicum jakubz cv. abyssinskaja arrasajta cv. abyssinskaja arrasajta), cultivated in the czech republic, and of the prepared whole blue and purple wheat bread was determined. in blue and purple wheat, 19 and 26 anthocyanins, respectively, were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. the total content of anthocyanins determined in blue and purple wheat was 9.26 an ...	26088282
is it necessary to split nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat? on-farm research on luvisols in south-west germany.	mineral nitrogen (n) fertilization in cereals is commonly split into three or four applications. in order to simplify n fertilization, a single n application either broadcast or placed on the soil surface was compared to conventionally split fertilization for winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the 4-year experiment (2007-2010) was performed using a participatory approach on farmers' fields on deep loamy soils (luvisols) in south-west germany. grain yield and crude protein contents differed onl ...	26063931
amino acid profiles and digestible indispensable amino acid scores of proteins from the prioritized key foods in bangladesh.	concentrations of standard amino acids were determined in the composite samples (representing 30 agro-ecological zones of bangladesh) of six prioritized key dietary protein sources: oryza sativa (rice), triticum aestivum (wheat flour), lens culinaris (lentils), pangusius pangusius (pangas), labeo rohita (rohu) and oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia). digestible indispensable amino acid scores (diaas) was calculated using published data on amino acids' digestibility to evaluate the protein quality ...	27451158
heat damage and in vitro starch digestibility of puffed wheat kernels.	the effect of processing conditions on heat damage, starch digestibility, release of advanced glycation end products (ages) and antioxidant capacity of puffed cereals was studied. the determination of several markers arising from maillard reaction proved pyrraline (pyr) and hydroxymethylfurfural (hmf) as the most reliable indices of heat load applied during puffing. the considerable heat load was evidenced by the high levels of both pyr (57.6-153.4 mg kg(-1) dry matter) and hmf (13-51.2 mg kg(-1 ...	26041194
characteristics of cadmium uptake and membrane transport in roots of intact wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings.	wheat is one of several cereals that is capable of accumulating higher amounts of cd in plant tissues. it is important to understand the cd(2+) transport processes in roots that result in excess cd accumulation. traditional destructive technologies have limited capabilities in analyzing root samples due to methodological limitations, and sometimes may result in false conclusions. the mechanisms of cd(2+) uptake into the roots of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated by assessi ...	28012673
molecular diversity of α-gliadin expressed genes in genetically contrasted spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) accessions and comparison with bread wheat (t. aestivum ssp. aestivum) and related diploid triticum and aegilops species.	the gluten proteins of cereals such as bread wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta) are responsible for celiac disease (cd). the α-gliadins constitute the most immunogenic class of gluten proteins as they include four main t-cell stimulatory epitopes that affect cd patients. spelt has been less studied than bread wheat and could constitute a source of valuable diversity. the objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of spelt α-gliadin transcri ...	27942245
optimization of the malting process for nutritional improvement of finger millet and amaranth flours in the infant weaning food industry.	malting is a beneficial approach to improve the nutritional value of cereals used in infant preparations. malted finger millet and amaranth might be considered as potentially appropriate gluten-free alternatives for common wheat-based weaning products, especially in case of those suffering from celiac disease. in this study, the effects of germination temperature and duration on the main nutrients of malted finger millet and amaranth, are evaluated and optimized. grains were germinated for 24, 3 ...	27905218
mycotoxin and fungicide residues in wheat grains from fungicide-treated plants measured by a validated lc-ms method.	wheat (triticum aestivum) is an annual crop, cultivated in the winter and spring and susceptible to several pathogens, especially fungi, which are managed with fungicides. it is also one of the most consumed cereals, and can be contaminated by mycotoxins and fungicides. the objective of this study was to validate an analytical method by lc-ms for simultaneous determination of mycotoxins and fungicide residues in wheat grains susceptible to fusarium head blight treated with fungicides, and to eva ...	27855933
ancient wheat and health: a legend or the reality? a review on kamut khorasan wheat.	after wwii, the industrialized agriculture selected modern varieties of triticum turgidum spp. durum and spp. aestivum (durum wheat and common wheat) based on higher yields and technological characteristics. nowadays, the use of whole ancient grains and pseudo cereals is considered nutritionally important. how ancient grains have positive effects is not entirely known, the fragmentation of the scientific knowledge being also related to the fact that ancient grains are not a homogeneous category. ...	27790934
variability of non-symbiotic and truncated hemoglobin genes from the genome of cultivated monocots.	non-symbiotic (nshb) and truncated (thb) hemoglobins (hbs) have been detected in a variety of land plants. the evolution of land plant nshbs and thbs at the protein level is well documented; however, little is known about the evolution of genes coding for these proteins. for example, the variability of the land plant nshb and thb genes is not known. here, we report the variability of the nshb and thb genes from the genome of the cultivated monocots brachypodium distachyon, hordeum vulgare (barle ...	24563718
the defence-associated transcriptome of hexaploid wheat displays homoeolog expression and induction bias.	bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an allopolyploid species containing three ancestral genomes. therefore, three homoeologous copies exist for the majority of genes in the wheat genome. whether different homoeologs are differentially expressed (homoeolog expression bias) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is poorly understood. in this study, we applied a rna-seq approach to analyse homoeolog-specific global gene expression patterns in wheat during infection by the fungal pathogen fusa ...	27735125
folate distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare l.), common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum turgidum durum desf.) pearled fractions.	wholegrain cereals are an important source of folates. in this study, total folate was analysed in pearled fractions of barley and wheat cultivars employing aoac official method 2004.05. in particular, the distribution of folate in the kernels was evaluated in three barley cultivars (two hulled types and a hulless one as well as two- and six-row types) and in a common and a durum wheat cultivar.	26018777
extractability and chromatographic characterization of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) bran protein.	about 70% of the protein for human consumption is derived from plants, with cereals as the most important source. wheat bran protein has a more balanced amino acid profile than that of flour. we here for the first time report the amino acid, size exclusion, and sds-page profiles of bran osborne protein fractions (opfs). moreover, we also investigated how opfs are affected when physical barriers which entrap proteins in bran tissues are removed. albumin/globulin is the most abundant opf. it is ri ...	25854625
transcriptional and metabolic alternations rebalance wheat grain storage protein accumulation under variable nitrogen and sulfur supply.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grain storage proteins (gsps) are major determinants of flour end-use value. biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the developmental and nutritional determination of gsp accumulation in cereals are as yet poorly understood. here we timed the accumulation of gsps during wheat grain maturation relative to changes in metabolite and transcript pools in different conditions of nitrogen (n) and sulfur (s) availability. we found that the n/s supply ratio modulated ...	25996785
post-head-emergence frost in wheat and barley: defining the problem, assessing the damage, and identifying resistance.	radiant frost is a significant production constraint to wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), particularly in regions where spring-habit cereals are grown through winter, maturing in spring. however, damage to winter-habit cereals in reproductive stages is also reported. crops are particularly susceptible to frost once awns or spikes emerge from the protection of the flag leaf sheath. post-head-emergence frost (phef) is a problem distinct from other cold-mediated production con ...	25873656
proteomic profiling of 16 cereal grains and the application of targeted proteomics to detect wheat contamination.	global proteomic analysis utilizing sds-page, western blotting and lc-ms/ms of total protein and gluten-enriched extracts derived from 16 economically important cereals was undertaken, providing a foundation for the development of ms-based quantitative methodologies that would enable the detection of wheat contamination in foods. the number of proteins identified in each grain correlated with the number of entries in publicly available databases, highlighting the importance of continued advances ...	25873154
genome-wide linkage mapping of flour color-related traits and polyphenol oxidase activity in common wheat.	fifty-six qtl for flour color-related traits and polyphenol oxidase activity were identified using a genome-wide linkage mapping of data from a ril population derived from a gaocheng 8901/zhoumai 16 cross.	26602234
treatment with the herbicide topik induces oxidative stress in cereal leaves.	leaf disks as well as intact 7-day-old plants of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. mironovskaya 808), winter rye (secale cereale l., cv. estafeta tatarstana), and maize (zea mays l., cv. kollektivnyi 172mv), were treated with the aryloxyphenoxypropionate class herbicide topik, concentrate-emulsion (active ingredient is clodinafop-propargyl (cp), 8-800μg/l), and the effects of short-term action (up to 3h) and long-term aftereffect (up to 3days) on physiological and biochemical indices relat ...	24238289
(1)h-nmr screening for the high-throughput determination of genotype and environmental effects on the content of asparagine in wheat grain.	free asparagine in cereals is known to be the precursor of acrylamide, a neurotoxic and carcinogenic product formed during cooking processes. thus, the development of crops with lower asparagine is of considerable interest to growers and the food industry. in this study, we describe the development and application of a rapid (1)h-nmr-based analysis of cereal flour, that is, suitable for quantifying asparagine levels, and hence acrylamide-forming potential, across large numbers of samples. the sc ...	25816894
genome-wide characterization of developmental stage- and tissue-specific transcription factors in wheat.	wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important cereal crops, providing food for humans and feed for other animals. however, its productivity is challenged by various biotic and abiotic stresses such as fungal diseases, insects, drought, salinity, and cold. transcription factors (tfs) regulate gene expression in different tissues and at various developmental stages in plants and animals, and they can be identified and classified into families according to their structural and specialized ...	25766308
chromowiz: a web tool to query and visualize chromosome-anchored genes from cereal and model genomes.	over the last years reference genome sequences of several economically and scientifically important cereals and model plants became available. despite the agricultural significance of these crops only a small number of tools exist that allow users to inspect and visualize the genomic position of genes of interest in an interactive manner.	25491094
conserved cis-regulatory modules in promoters of genes encoding wheat high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits.	the concentration and composition of the gliadin and glutenin seed storage proteins (ssps) in wheat flour are the most important determinants of its end-use value. in cereals, the synthesis of ssps is predominantly regulated at the transcriptional level by a complex network involving at least five cis-elements in gene promoters. the high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) are encoded by two tightly linked genes located on the long arms of group 1 chromosomes. here, we sequenced and anno ...	25429295
colonisation of winter wheat grain by fusarium spp. and mycotoxin content as dependent on a wheat variety, crop rotation, a crop management system and weather conditions.	field experiments were conducted during three consecutive growing seasons (2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10) with four winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars - 'bogatka', 'kris', 'satyna' and 'tonacja' - grown on fields with a three-field crop rotation (winter triticale, spring barley, winter wheat) and in a four-field crop rotation experiment (spring wheat, spring cereals, winter rapeseed, winter wheat). after the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 2% naocl and then analysed for ...	25705931
does morphological and anatomical plasticity during the vegetative stage make wheat more tolerant of water deficit stress than rice?	water scarcity and the increasing severity of water deficit stress are major challenges to sustaining irrigated rice (oryza sativa) production. despite the technologies developed to reduce the water requirement, rice growth is seriously constrained under water deficit stress compared with other dryland cereals such as wheat (triticum aestivum). we exposed rice cultivars with contrasting responses to water deficit stress and wheat cultivars well adapted to water-limited conditions to the same moi ...	25614066
practical method for the confirmation of authentic flours of different types of cereals and pseudocereals.	gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to perform a qualitative analysis of the liposoluble flour extract of different types of cereals (bread wheat and spelt) and pseudocereals (amaranth and buckwheat). in addition to major fatty acids, the liposoluble extract also contained minor fatty acids with more than 20 carbon atoms, higher hydrocarbons and phytosterols. tmsh (trimethylsulfonium hydroxide, 0.2 mol/l in methanol) was used as a trans-esterification reagent. in a trans-esterific ...	25442559
occurrence of mycotoxins in spelt and common wheat grain and their products.	organic farming does not allow the use of conventional mineral fertilizers and crop protection products. as a result, in our experiments we chose to grow different species of cereals and to see how cereal species affect mycotoxin accumulation. this study describes the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don), zearalenone (zea) and t-2/ht-2 toxin in a survey of spelt and common wheat and their bran as well as flour. the analysis was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method. t ...	24199659
transcriptome and allele specificity associated with a 3bl locus for fusarium crown rot resistance in bread wheat.	fusarium pathogens cause two major diseases in cereals, fusarium crown rot (fcr) and head blight (fhb). a large-effect locus conferring resistance to fcr disease was previously located to chromosome arm 3bl (designated as qcrs-3b) and several independent sets of near isogenic lines (nils) have been developed for this locus. in this study, five sets of the nils were used to examine transcriptional changes associated with the qcrs-3b locus and to identify genes linked to the resistance locus as a ...	25405461
can we use photography to estimate radiation interception by a crop canopy?	accuracy of determining radiation interception, and hence radiation use efficiency, depends on the method of measuring photosynthetically active radiation intercepted. methods vary, from expensive instruments such as sunfleck ceptometers to simple methods such as digital photography. however, before universal use of digital photography there is need to determine its reliability and compare it with conventional, but expensive, methods. in a series of experiments at lincoln, new zealand, canopy de ...	25348838
identification of kernel proteins associated with the resistance to fusarium head blight in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	numerous potential components involved in the resistance to fusarium head blight (fhb) in cereals have been indicated, however, our knowledge regarding this process is still limited and further work is required. two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) lines differing in their levels of resistance to fhb were analyzed to identify the most crucial proteins associated with resistance in this species. the presented work involved analysis of protein abundance in the kernel bulks of more resistant and ...	25340555
allele frequencies in the vrn-a1, vrn-b1 and vrn-d1 vernalization response and ppd-b1 and ppd-d1 photoperiod sensitivity genes, and their effects on heading in a diverse set of wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.).	heading of cereals is determined by complex genetic and environmental factors in which genes responsible for vernalization and photoperiod sensitivity play a decisive role. our aim was to use diagnostic molecular markers to determine the main allele types in vrn-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-d1, ppd-b1 and ppd-d1 in a worldwide wheat collection of 683 genotypes and to investigate the effect of these alleles on heading in the field. the dominant vrn-a1, vrn-b1 and vrn-d1 alleles were present at a low frequency ...	25076837
high-frequency generation and characterization of intergeneric hybrids and haploids from new wheat-barley crosses.	hybrid plants and a high frequency of maternal haploids were obtained using an efficient wheat-barley hybridization system (with new genotype combinations) and confirmed by several cytological and molecular tools. an efficient hybridization system between wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is presented on the basis of three new genotype combinations. a particularly high, 14% frequency of plant regeneration per florets was achieved in the wheat-barley genotype combinatio ...	24770442
the shutdown of celiac disease-related gliadin epitopes in bread wheat by rnai provides flours with increased stability and better tolerance to over-mixing.	celiac disease is a food-sensitive enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of wheat gluten proteins and related proteins from barley, rye, and some varieties of oat. there are no interventional therapies and the only solution is a lifelong gluten-free diet. the down-regulation of gliadins by rnai provides wheat lines with all the gliadin fractions strongly down-regulated (low-gliadin). the technological properties of doughs prepared from the low-gliadin lines indicated a general weakening effect, ...	24633046
senescence, nutrient remobilization, and yield in wheat and barley.	cereals including wheat and barley are of primary importance to ensure food security for the 21st century. a combination of lab- and field-based approaches has led to a considerably improved understanding of the importance of organ and particularly of whole-plant (monocarpic) senescence for wheat and barley yield and quality. a delicate balance between senescence timing, grain nutrient content, nutrient-use efficiency, and yield needs to be considered to (further) improve cereal varieties for a ...	24470467
the erf transcription factor taerf3 promotes tolerance to salt and drought stresses in wheat.	salinity and drought are major limiting factors of wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity worldwide. here, we report the function of a wheat erf transcription factor taerf3 in salt and drought responses and the underlying mechanism of taerf3 function. upon treatment with 250 mm nacl or 20% polyethylene glycol (peg), transcript levels of taerf3 were rapidly induced in wheat. using wheat cultivar yangmai 12 as the transformation recipient, four taerf3-overexpressing transgenic lines were generated ...	24393105
yield stability of hybrids versus lines in wheat, barley, and triticale.	we present experimental data for wheat, barley, and triticale suggesting that hybrids manifest on average higher yield stability than inbred lines. yield stability is assumed to be higher for hybrids than for inbred lines, but experimental data proving this hypothesis is scarce for autogamous cereals. we used multi-location grain yield trials and compared the yield stability of hybrids versus lines for wheat (triticum aestivum l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), and triticale (×triticosecale wittm ...	24162154
interaction of photoperiod and vernalization determines flowering time of brachypodium distachyon.	timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. in temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. vernalization is an example of temperature influencing the timing of flowering and is defined as the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring. in cereals, three genes (vernalization1 [vrn1], vrn2, and flowering locus t [ft]) h ...	24357601
triticeae resources in ensembl plants.	recent developments in dna sequencing have enabled the large and complex genomes of many crop species to be determined for the first time, even those previously intractable due to their polyploid nature. indeed, over the course of the last 2 years, the genome sequences of several commercially important cereals, notably barley and bread wheat, have become available, as well as those of related wild species. while still incomplete, comparison with other, more completely assembled species suggests ...	25432969
evaluation of triticale as energy crop in italy.	the promotion of renewable energy represents a target of the european 2020 strategy for economical growth and sustainable competitiveness. cereals are considered a promising biomass producing crop in temperate regions of europe to be used for both fuel alcohol and biogas production. among cereals, triticale represents a good candidate for this kind of application, showing a number of advantages such as high grain yield even in marginal environments, tolerance to drought, tolerance to more acid s ...	26072589
comparing sugar components of cereal and pseudocereal flour by gc-ms analysis.	gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used for carrying out a qualitative analysis of the ethanol soluble flour extract of different types of cereals bread wheat and spelt and pseudocereals (amaranth and buckwheat). tmsi (trimethylsilylimidazole) was used as a reagent for the derivatisation of carbohydrates into trimethylsilyl ethers. all samples were first defatted with hexane. (in our earlier investigations, hexane extracts were used for the analysis of fatty acid of lipid components.) ...	24128539
impact of marker ascertainment bias on genomic selection accuracy and estimates of genetic diversity.	genome-wide molecular markers are often being used to evaluate genetic diversity in germplasm collections and for making genomic selections in breeding programs. to accurately predict phenotypes and assay genetic diversity, molecular markers should assay a representative sample of the polymorphisms in the population under study. ascertainment bias arises when marker data is not obtained from a random sample of the polymorphisms in the population of interest. genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) is rap ...	24040295
wheat-aegilops biuncialis amphiploids have efficient photosynthesis and biomass production during osmotic stress.	osmotic stress responses of water content, photosynthetic parameters and biomass production were investigated in wheat-aegilops biuncialis amphiploids and in wheat genotypes to clarify whether they can use to improve the drought tolerance of bread wheat. a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the medium resulted in considerable water loss, stomatal closure and a decreased co2 assimilation rate for the wheat genotypes, while the changes in these parameters were moderate for the amphiploids. maxima ...	24655386
temporal variation of mycotoxin producing fungi in norwegian cereals.	spring barley is grown on about half of the norwegian cereal area. the rest of the area is equally divided between wheat and oats. most years the domestic production provides 70%-80% of the domestic market for bread wheat. barley and oats are mainly grown for animal feed. during the years 2008-2012, severe epidemics of fusarium head blight have led to increased mycotoxin contamination of cereals. during that period, precipitation was above normal during anthesis and grain maturation. the most im ...	27694772
coverage and consistency: bioinformatics aspects of the analysis of multirun itraq experiments with wheat leaves.	the hexaploid genome of bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is large (17 gb) and repetitive, and this has delayed full sequencing and annotation of the genome, which is a prerequisite for effective quantitative proteomics analysis. aware of these constraints we investigated the most effective approaches for shotgun proteomic analyses of bread wheat that would support large-scale quantitative comparisons using itraq reagents. we used a data set that was generated by two-dimensional lc-ms of itraq lab ...	24015675
pattern of iron distribution in maternal and filial tissues in wheat grains with contrasting levels of iron.	iron insufficiency is a worldwide problem in human diets. in cereals like wheat, the bran layer of the grains is an important source of iron. however, the dietary availability of iron in wheat flour is limited due to the loss of the iron-rich bran during milling and processing and the presence of anti-nutrients like phytic acid that keep iron strongly chelated in the grain. the present study investigated the localization of iron and phosphorus in grain tissues of wheat genotypes with contrasting ...	23918965
next-generation survey sequencing and the molecular organization of wheat chromosome 6b.	common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. to improve wheat quality and productivity, the genomic sequence of wheat must be determined. the large genome size (∼17 gb/1 c) and the hexaploid status of wheat have hampered the genome sequencing of wheat. however, flow sorting of individual chromosomes has allowed us to purify and separately shotgun-sequence a pair of telocentric chromosomes. here, we describe a result from the survey sequencing of wheat ch ...	24086083
the effect of day-neutral mutations in barley and wheat on the interaction between photoperiod and vernalization.	vernalization-2 (vrn-2) is the major flowering repressor in temperate cereals. it is only expressed under long days in wild-type plants. we used two day-neutral (photoperiod insensitive) mutations that allow rapid flowering in short or long days to investigate the day length control of vrn-2. the barley (hordeum vulgare) early maturity8 (eam8) mutation affects the barley elf3 gene. eam8 mutants disrupt the circadian clock resulting in elevated expression of ppd-h1 and the floral activator hvft1 ...	23737074
isolation of a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutant in aba 8'-hydroxylase gene: effect of reduced aba catabolism on germination inhibition under field condition.	pre-harvest sprouting, the germination of mature seeds on the mother plant under moist condition, is a serious problem in cereals. to investigate the effect of reduced abscisic acid (aba) catabolism on germination in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.), we cloned the wheat aba 8'-hydroxyase gene which was highly expressed during seed development (taaba8'oh1) and screened for mutations that lead to reduced aba catabolism. in a screen for natural variation, one insertion mutation in exon 5 of t ...	23641187
ability of leaf mesophyll to retain potassium correlates with salinity tolerance in wheat and barley.	this work investigated the importance of the ability of leaf mesophyll cells to control k(+) flux across the plasma membrane as a trait conferring tissue tolerance mechanism in plants grown under saline conditions. four wheat (triticum aestivum and triticum turgidum) and four barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes contrasting in their salinity tolerance were grown under glasshouse conditions. seven to 10-day-old leaves were excised, and net k(+) and h(+) fluxes were measured from either epidermal or ...	23611560
effect of germination on the phytase activity, phytate and total phosphorus contents of rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum).	the effect of germination on the level of phytase activity and the contents of phytates and phosphorus of five nigeria grown cereal grains was studied. the cereals screened were rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), millet (panicum miliaceum), sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum). phytase activity was high (0.21-0.67 u g(-1)) in all samples. phytate content ranged between 5.6 and 6.2 mg g(-1) while total phosphorus content ranged between 3.3 and 4.3 mg g(-1). during germinati ...	23572811
the role of thioredoxin h in protein metabolism during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed germination.	thioredoxin h can regulate the redox environment in the cell and play an important role in the germination of cereals. in the present study, the thioredoxin s antisense transgenic wheat with down-regulation of thioredoxin h was used to study the role of thioredoxin h in protein metabolism during germination of wheat seeds, and to explore the mechanism of the thioredoxin s antisense transgenic wheat seeds having high resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. the qrt-pcr results showed that the express ...	23562797
natural variation in grain composition of wheat and related cereals.	the wheat grain comprises three groups of major components, starch, protein, and cell wall polysaccharides (dietary fiber), and a range of minor components that may confer benefits to human health. detailed analyses of dietary fiber and other bioactive components were carried out under the eu fp6 healthgrain program on 150 bread wheat lines grown on a single site, 50 lines of other wheat species and other cereals grown on the same site, and 23-26 bread wheat lines grown in six environments. prin ...	23414336
triticale adaption and competence assessment result in the high lands of ethiopia.	triticale is a crop that resulted from the addition of chromosomes of wheat (triticum aestivum ) and rye cereals (secale cereale). the crop came on the market as bread cereal in the 1980s. different varieties were released. triticale is a high yielding crop when compared with tef, wheat and barley, particularly on locations with soil nutrient deficiency. the study was initiated with the question to which extent the growing of triticale crop (triticosecale wittmack) improves food security, and wh ...	26072574
integrating cereal genomics to support innovation in the triticeae.	the genomic resources of small grain cereals that include some of the most important crop species such as wheat, barley, and rye are attaining a level of completion that now is contributing to new structural and functional studies as well as refining molecular marker development and mapping strategies for increasing the efficiency of breeding processes. the integration of new efforts to obtain reference sequences in bread wheat and barley, in particular, is accelerating the acquisition and inter ...	23161406
reticulate evolution of the rye genome.	rye (secale cereale) is closely related to wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). due to its large genome (~8 gb) and its regional importance, genome analysis of rye has lagged behind other cereals. here, we established a virtual linear gene order model (genome zipper) comprising 22,426 or 72% of the detected set of 31,008 rye genes. this was achieved by high-throughput transcript mapping, chromosome survey sequencing, and integration of conserved synteny information of three se ...	24104565
tamyb13-1, a r2r3 myb transcription factor, regulates the fructan synthetic pathway and contributes to enhanced fructan accumulation in bread wheat.	fructans are the major component of temporary carbon reserve in the stem of temperate cereals, which is used for grain filling. three families of fructosyltransferases are directly involved in fructan synthesis in the vacuole of triticum aestivum. the regulatory network of the fructan synthetic pathway is largely unknown. recently, a sucrose-upregulated wheat myb transcription factor (tamyb13-1) was shown to be capable of activating the promoter activities of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransfera ...	23873993
development of methods to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat in blended flour using pcr.	a pcr-based method was developed to distinguish between durum/common wheat and common wheat by leveraging slight differences of dna sequence in starch synthase ii (ss ii) coded on wheat a, b and d genomes. a primer pair, ss ii ex7-u/l, was designed to hybridize with a conserved dna sequence region found in ss ii-a, b and d genes. another primer pair, ss ii-d 1769u/1889l, was constructed to recognize a unique sequence in the ss ii-d gene. the target region of ss ii ex7-u/l with the size of 114 bp ...	23154758
protective responses induced by herbicide safeners in wheat.	safeners are agrochemicals which enhance tolerance to herbicides in cereals including wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by elevating the expression of xenobiotic detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione transferases (gsts). when wheat plants were spray-treated with three safener chemistries, namely cloquintocet mexyl, mefenpyr diethyl and fenchlorazole ethyl, an apparently identical subset of gsts derived from the tau, phi and lambda classes accumulated in the foliage. treatment with the closely rela ...	23564986
regulation of wheat seed dormancy by after-ripening is mediated by specific transcriptional switches that induce changes in seed hormone metabolism and signaling.	treatments that promote dormancy release are often correlated with changes in seed hormone content and/or sensitivity. to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of after-ripening (seed dry storage) in triggering hormone related changes and dormancy decay in wheat (triticum aestivum), temporal expression patterns of genes related to abscisic acid (aba), gibberellin (ga), jasmonate and indole acetic acid (iaa) metabolism and signaling, and levels of the respective hormones were ex ...	23437172
[a cytogenetic study of the blue-grain line of the common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29].	the chromosome composition of the blue-grain line i:s29ba of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was identified by cytological, gish, and microsatellite analyses and c-banding. it was found that common wheat chromosome 4b of the cultivar saratovskaya 29 was substituted with the agropyron elongatum host. chromosome carrying the gene for blue grain (s:s294ag(4b)) during the construction of this nearly isogenic line. the blue-grain line was tested for productivity. the substitution of total chromosome 4b ...	23035544
an endogenous reference gene of common and durum wheat for detection of genetically modified wheat.	to develop a method for detecting gm wheat that may be marketed in the near future, we evaluated the proline-rich protein (prp) gene as an endogenous reference gene of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and durum wheat (triticum durum l.). real-time pcr analysis showed that only dna of wheat was amplified and no amplification product was observed for phylogenetically related cereals, indicating that the prp detection system is specific to wheat. the intensities of the amplification products and ...	23154759
delivery of prolamins to the protein storage vacuole in maize aleurone cells.	zeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (er) of starchy endosperm cells. we found that genes encoding zeins, α-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (psvs) instead of the er. aleurone psvs contain zein-rich protein inclus ...	21343414
development and validation of an hplc-method for determination of free and bound phenolic acids in cereals after solid-phase extraction.	whole cereal grains are a good source of phenolic acids associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. this paper reports the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (hplc-dad) method for the determination of phenolic acids in cereals in either free or bound form. extraction of free phenolic acids and clean-up was performed by an optimised solid-phase extraction (spe) protocol on oasis hlb cartridges using aqueous methanol as eluant. the me ...	25005991
a comparison of contents of group a and b trichothecenes and microbial counts in different cereal species.	concentrations of trichothecenes and the amounts of microbial biomass were compared in grain of bread wheat, durum wheat, triticale, rye, oat and barley. grain samples came from lines regionalised in poland grown under identical climatic and agricultural conditions in 2007. among the six analysed cereals, the highest mean concentration of toxic metabolites of 151.89 µg/kg was found for grain of triticum durum, whereas the lowest was for barley grain (25.56 µg/kg). the highest contamination with ...	24779779
different site-specific n-glycan types in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pap phytase.	phytase activity in grain is essential to make phosphate available to cell metabolism, and in food and feed. cereals contain the purple acid phosphatase type of phytases (paphy). mature wheat grain is dominated by tapaphy_a which, in the present work, has been characterized by extensive peptide and glycopeptide sequencing by mass spectrometry. seven n-linked glycosylation sites were found. three of these sites were dominated by variant forms of the xylman(3)fucglcnac(2), i.e. the hrp-type of gly ...	21329951
functional characterization of wheat ent-kaurene(-like) synthases indicates continuing evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.	wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) are two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants. rice is known to produce numerous diterpenoid natural products that serve as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals. specifically, these are labdane-related diterpenoids, derived from a characteristic labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp), whose biosynthetic relationship to gibberellin biosynthesis is evident from the relevant expanded and functionally diverse family of ent-kaurene syn ...	23009879
expression of vernalization responsive genes in wheat is associated with histone h3 trimethylation.	the transition to flowering in winter wheat requires prolonged exposure to low temperature, a process called vernalization. this process is regulated by a genetic pathway that involves at least three genes, triticum aestivum vernalization 1 (tavrn1), triticum aestivum vernalization 2 (tavrn2) and triticum aestivum flowering locus t-like 1 (taft1). these genes regulate flowering by integrating environmental and developmental cues. to determine whether the expression of these genes is associated w ...	22684814
genetic analysis of carbon isotope discrimination and its relation to yield in a wheat doubled haploid population.	carbon isotope discrimination (δ(13)c) is considered a useful indicator for indirect selection of grain yield (gy) in cereals. therefore, it is important to evaluate the genetic variation in δ(13)c and its relationship with gy. a doubled haploid (dh) population derived from a cross of two common wheat varieties, hanxuan 10 (h10) and lumai 14 (l14), was phenotyped for δ(13)c in the flag leaf, gy and yield associated traits in two trials contrasted by water availability, specifically, rain-fed and ...	21762383
carbon and nitrogen partitioning during the post-anthesis period is conditioned by n fertilisation and sink strength in three cereals.	further knowledge of the processes conditioning nitrogen use efficiency (nue) is of great relevance to crop productivity. the aim of this paper was characterise c and n partitioning during grain filling and their implications for nue. cereals such as bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv califa sur), triticale (× triticosecale wittmack cv. imperioso) and tritordeum (× tritordeum asch. & graebn line ht 621) were grown under low (ln, 5 mm nh(4) no(3)) and high (hn, 15 mm nh(4)no(3)) n conditions. w ...	22672709
[development of commercially valuable traits in hexaploid triticale lines with aegilops introgressions as dependent on the genome composition].	introgressive hybridization is an efficient means to improve the genetic diversity of cultivated cereals, including triticale. to identify the triticale lines with aegilops introgressions, genotyping was carried out with ten lines obtained by crossing hexaploid triticale with genome-substitution forms of the common wheat cultivar avrora: avrolata (aabbuu), avrodes (aabbss), and avrotika (aabbtt). the genome composition of the triticale lines was studied by in situ hybridization, and recombinatio ...	21675241
septum formation in amyloplasts produces compound granules in the rice endosperm and is regulated by plastid division proteins.	storage tissues such as seed endosperm and tubers store starch in the form of granules in the amyloplast. in the rice (oryza sativa) endosperm, each amyloplast produces compound granules consisting of several dozen polyhedral, sharp-edged and easily separable granules; whereas in other cereals, including wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and maize (zea mays), each amyloplast synthesizes one granule. despite extensive studies on mutants of starch synthesis in cereals, the molecu ...	20685968
genome-wide gene expression analysis supports a developmental model of low temperature tolerance gene regulation in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	to identify the genes involved in the development of low temperature (lt) tolerance in hexaploid wheat, we examined the global changes in expression in response to cold of the 55,052 potentially unique genes represented in the affymetrix wheat genome microarray. we compared the expression of genes in winter-habit (winter norstar and winter manitou) and spring-habit (spring manitou and spring norstar)) cultivars, wherein the locus for the vernalization gene vrn-a1 was swapped between the parental ...	21649926
development of a novel aluminum tolerance phenotyping platform used for comparisons of cereal aluminum tolerance and investigations into rice aluminum tolerance mechanisms.	the genetic and physiological mechanisms of aluminum (al) tolerance have been well studied in certain cereal crops, and al tolerance genes have been identified in sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and wheat (triticum aestivum). rice (oryza sativa) has been reported to be highly al tolerant; however, a direct comparison of rice and other cereals has not been reported, and the mechanisms of rice al tolerance are poorly understood. to facilitate al tolerance phenotyping in rice, a high-throughput imaging s ...	20538888
a highly conserved gene island of three genes on chromosome 3b of hexaploid wheat: diverse gene function and genomic structure maintained in a tightly linked block.	the complexity of the wheat genome has resulted from waves of retrotransposable element insertions. gene deletions and disruptions generated by the fast replacement of repetitive elements in wheat have resulted in disruption of colinearity at a micro (sub-megabase) level among the cereals. in view of genomic changes that are possible within a given time span, conservation of genes between species tends to imply an important functional or regional constraint that does not permit a change in genom ...	20507561
genotype-dependent efficiency of endosperm development in culture of selected cereals: histological and ultrastructural studies.	the paper reports studies, including histological and ultrastructural analyses, of in vitro cell proliferation and development of immature endosperm tissue isolated from caryopses of triticum aestivum, triticum durum, and triticosecale plants. endosperm isolated at 7-10 days post-anthesis developed well on ms medium supplemented with auxins and/or cytokinins. the efficiency of endosperm response was highly genotype-dependent and best in two winter cultivars of hexaploid species. the pathways of ...	22643840
optimization and validation of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method for the separation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in cereals, employing a novel sorbent material.	the separation and determination of tocopherols (ts) and tocotrienols (t3s) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated after optimization of various chromatographic conditions and other experimental parameters. analytes were separated on a perfectsil target ods-3 (250 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) column filled with a novel sorbent material of ultrapure silica gel. the separation of ts and t3s was optimized in terms of mobile-phase com ...	22324450
a genetic playground for enhancing grain number in cereals.	improving the yield stability of cereal crops with a view to bolstering global food security is an important priority. the components of final grain number per plant at harvest are determined by fertile spikes per plant, number of fertile spikelets per spike and number of grains per spikelet. in this review article, we focus on the genetic factors of floral development and inflorescence architecture known to influence grain number and provide a broad overview of genes and genetic pathways that p ...	22197176
diagnosis and control of cereal viruses in the middle east.	middle eastern countries are major consumers of small grain cereals. egypt is the biggest bread wheat producer with 7.4 million tons (mt) in 2007, but at the same time, it had to import 5.9 mt. jordan and israel import almost all the grains they consume. viruses are the major pathogens that impair grain production in the middle east, infecting in some years more than 80% of the crop. they are transmitted in nonpersistent, semipersistent, and persistent manners by insects (aphids, leafhoppers, an ...	22094078
genetic control of duration of pre-anthesis phases in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and relationships to leaf appearance, tillering, and dry matter accumulation.	the duration of pre-anthesis developmental phases is of interest in breeding for improved adaptation and yield potential in temperate cereals. yet despite numerous studies on the genetic control of anthesis (flowering) time and floral initiation, little is known about the genetic control of other pre-anthesis phases. furthermore, little is known about the effect that changes in the duration of pre-anthesis phases could have on traits related to leaf appearance and tillering, or dry matter accumu ...	21920907
functional characterization of wheat copalyl diphosphate synthases sheds light on the early evolution of labdane-related diterpenoid metabolism in the cereals.	two of the most agriculturally important cereal crop plants are wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). rice has been shown to produce a number of diterpenoid natural products as phytoalexins and/or allelochemicals--specifically, labdane-related diterpenoids, whose biosynthesis proceeds via formation of an eponymous labdadienyl/copalyl diphosphate (cpp) intermediate (e.g., the ent-cpp of gibberellin phytohormone biosynthesis). similar to rice, wheat encodes a number of cpp synthases ( ...	23009878
lipid binding interactions of antimicrobial plant seed defence proteins: puroindoline-a and β-purothionin.	the indolines and thionins are basic, amphiphilic and cysteine-rich proteins found in cereals; puroindoline-a (pin-a) and β-purothionin (β-pth) are members of these families in wheat (triticum aestivum). pin-a and β-pth have been suggested to play a significant role in seed defence against microbial pathogens, making the interaction of these proteins with model bacterial membranes an area of potential interest. we have examined the binding of these proteins to lipid monolayers composed of 1,2-di ...	21869972
evidence from principal component analysis for improvement of grain shape- and spikelet morphology-related traits after hexaploid wheat speciation.	grain shape and size are involved in the main components of the domestication syndrome in cereals. wheat grain shape has been dramatically altered at each stage of the domestication of tetraploid wheat and through common wheat speciation. to elucidate the evolutionary change of wheat grain shape, principal component (pc) analysis of grain shape-related traits was first conducted using wild and cultivated tetraploid, synthetic hexaploid, and common wheat accessions. the synthetic hexaploid wheat ...	23412632
molecular, phylogenetic and comparative genomic analysis of the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase gene family in the poaceae.	the genomes of cereals such as wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) are large and therefore problematic for the map-based cloning of agronomicaly important traits. however, comparative approaches within the poaceae permit transfer of molecular knowledge between species, despite their divergence from a common ancestor sixty million years ago. the finding that null variants of the rice gene cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 2 (osckx2) result in large yield increases provides an opp ...	21838715
two wheat (triticum aestivum) pathogenesis-related 10 (pr-10) transcripts with distinct patterns of abundance in different organs.	pr-10 genes encode small, acidic, intracellular proteins that respond to abiotic and biotic stimuli. transgenic expression of pr-10 genes has been shown to enhance early seedling growth of dicots in saline environments. to identify candidate pr-10 genes in cereals for increasing stress tolerance, we conducted phylogenetic analyses and real-time polymerase chain reaction of representatives of the two major clades of putative pr-10 genes in wheat. we observed that the abundance of bq752893 was gen ...	21818707
nutritional and functional added value of oat, kamut, spelt, rye and buckwheat versus common wheat in breadmaking.	multicereal/pseudocereal blends based on major and minor seeds with high nutritional profile appear as a promising strategy, hardly explored, to obtain enhanced value grain-based foods such as bread.	21337578
proteinaceous inhibitors of microbial xylanases.	at the end of 1990s two structurally different proteinaceous inhibitors of xylanases were discovered in the grain of wheat (triticum aestivum). they were named taxi (t. aestivum xylanase inhibitor) and xip (xylanase-inhibiting protein). later it was shown that taxi and xip in wheat are present in several isoforms encoded by different genes. taxi- and xip-like inhibitors have also been found in other cereals-barley, rye, rice, maize, etc. all these proteins can specifically inhibit activity of fu ...	21166637
genetic structure and ecogeographical adaptation in wild barley (hordeum chilense roemer et schultes) as revealed by microsatellite markers.	multi-allelic microsatellite markers have become the markers of choice for the determination of genetic structure in plants. synteny across cereals has allowed the cross-species and cross-genera transferability of ssr markers, which constitute a valuable and cost-effective tool for the genetic analysis and marker-assisted introgression of wild related species. hordeum chilense is one of the wild relatives with a high potential for cereal breeding, due to its high crossability (both interspecies ...	21118494
isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes related to grain number per spike phenotype in wheat.	cytokinin oxidases are involved in the regulation of plant cytokinin levels, which are important in regulating plant growth and development, and may affect the yield of cereals. here, we report the isolation and characterization of two putative cytokinin oxidase genes, tackx2.1 and tackx2.2, from wheat. both tackx2.1 and tackx2.2 are mapped to the 0.24-0.55 region of the short arm of wheat chromosome 3d and their coding proteins are most closely related to osckx2. phylogenetic tree analysis reve ...	21104150
occurrence of ochratoxin a and citrinin in czech cereals and comparison of two hplc methods for ochratoxin a detection.	the aims of the study were to obtain information about the occurrence of ochratoxin a (ota) and citrinin (cit) in cereals harvested in the czech republic and to compare two analytical procedures for detecting ota. a total of 34 cereal samples, including two matrix reference materials (r-biopharm, germany), were analysed. the results were compared with the limit for raw cereal grains used as a foodstuff according to commission regulation no. 1881/2006, which allows a maximum ota level of 5 µg kg( ...	20835934
cold acclimation proteome analysis reveals close link between the up-regulation of low-temperature associated proteins and vernalization fulfillment.	low-temperature (lt) stress is one of the major limiting factors in cereal production in cold high-altitude mountainous areas of iran where cereals are exposed to variable periods of temperatures in the vernalization range during the autumn season. cereals regulate their development through adaptive mechanisms that are responsive to low but nonfreezing temperatures. we exploited a proteomic approach to determine the interrelationship between vernalization fulfillment and expression of low-temper ...	20804221
megabase level sequencing reveals contrasted organization and evolution patterns of the wheat gene and transposable element spaces.	to improve our understanding of the organization and evolution of the wheat (triticum aestivum) genome, we sequenced and annotated 13-mb contigs (18.2 mb) originating from different regions of its largest chromosome, 3b (1 gb), and produced a 2x chromosome survey by shotgun illumina/solexa sequencing. all regions carried genes irrespective of their chromosomal location. however, gene distribution was not random, with 75% of them clustered into small islands containing three genes on average. a t ...	20581307
heterologous expression of wheat vernalization 2 (tavrn2) gene in arabidopsis delays flowering and enhances freezing tolerance.	the vernalization gene 2 (vrn2), is a major flowering repressor in temperate cereals that is regulated by low temperature and photoperiod. here we show that the gene from triticum aestivum (tavrn2) is also regulated by salt, heat shock, dehydration, wounding and abscissic acid. promoter analysis indicates that tavrn2 regulatory region possesses all the specific responsive elements to these stresses. this suggests pleiotropic effects of tavrn2 in wheat development and adaptability to the environm ...	20084169
nanosims analysis of arsenic and selenium in cereal grain.	cereals are an important source of selenium (se) to humans and many people have inadequate intakes of this essential trace element. conversely, arsenic (as) is toxic and may accumulate in rice grain at levels that pose a health risk. knowledge of the localization of selenium and arsenic within the cereal grain will aid understanding of their deposition patterns and the impact of processes such as milling. high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanosims) was used to determine the loca ...	19895416
progress of chromosome engineering mediated by asymmetric somatic hybridization.	plant somatic hybridization has progressed steadily over the past 35 years. many hybrid plants have been generated from fusion combinations of different phylogenetic species, some of which have been utilized in crop breeding programs. among them, asymmetric hybrid, which usually contains a fraction of alien genome, has received more attention because of its importance in crop improvement. however, few studies have dealt with the heredity of the genome of somatic hybrid for a long time, which has ...	19782956
(13)c/(12)c isotope labeling to study carbon partitioning and dark respiration in cereals subjected to water stress.	despite the relevance of carbon (c) loss through respiration processes (with its consequent effect on the lower c availability for grain filling), little attention has been given to this topic. literature data concerning the role of respiration in cereals are scarce and these have been produced using indirect methods based on gas-exchange estimations. we have developed a new method based on the capture of respired co(2) samples and their analysis by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio ma ...	19653200
identification of genomic regions determining the phenological development leading to floral transition in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	autumn-seeded winter cereals acquire tolerance to freezing temperatures and become vernalized by exposure to low temperature (lt). the level of accumulated lt tolerance depends on the cold acclimation rate and factors controlling timing of floral transition at the shoot apical meristem. in this study, genomic loci controlling the floral transition time were mapped in a winter wheat (t. aestivum l.) doubled haploid (dh) mapping population segregating for lt tolerance and rate of phenological deve ...	19553371