Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| establishment of a rabbit model for bovine herpesvirus type 5 neurological acute infection. | this study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of the rabbit as a model for bovine, herpesvirus 5 (bhv-5) acute infection. in a preliminary experiment, a total of 24 one-month old new zealand white rabbits were inoculated with bhv-5 or bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) by the intraconjunctival, intracerebral or intranasal routes. bhv-5 or bhv-1 inoculated in the conjunctiva induced virus proliferation in the eye mucosae and the nasal cavity of rabbits without meningo-encephalitis. on the other ... | 1996 | 8828120 |
| effect of bovine herpesvirus-1 on expression of interleukin-2 receptors and effect of interleukin-12 on lymphocyte proliferation. | expression of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (il-2r alpha) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from holstein calves, both experimentally-infected with bovine herpesvirus-l (bhv-l) and controls, was measured by flow cytometry. expression of il-2r alpha was 35 percent and 23 percent higher in infected calves than controls, on days 2 and 3 postinfection (pi), respectively. concurrent with this increase in il-2r alpha expression, a significant decrease (p < 0.001) was observed in th ... | 1996 | 8861643 |
| rapid and high sensitivity test for direct detection of bovine herpesvirus-1 genome in clinical samples. | a procedure for direct detection of the bhv-1 genome in clinical samples, including semen, was developed. the method is based on the pcr amplification of a highly conserved dna fragment within the glycoprotein gi sequence of the virus (323 bp between nt 1491 to nt 1814). the method is rapid and highly specific for all 27 subtypes assayed, which are included in the clinical and genetically different groups of bhv-1. the viral origin of the pcr product was assessed by southern hybridization, with ... | 1996 | 8861645 |
| transcriptional and translational expression kinetics of the early gene encoding the bicp27 protein of bovine herpesvirus type 1. | the expression kinetics of an essential trans-regulatory protein, icp27, from herpes simplex virus type 1 correspond to that of an immediate-early gene whose expression increases rapidly upon infection and then decreases as of 7 hr postinfection. in contrast, here we report that the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) homolog bicp27, a 50-kda protein, is expressed as an early gene. both the transcript and protein accumulated gradually reaching peak levels at approximately 12 hr postinfection, afte ... | 1996 | 8862429 |
| a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in selectively digested whole bovine semen. | a pcr assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv1) dna in selectively digested whole bovine semen was developed and evaluated. a brief treatment with proteinase-k was used to lyse free virus, virus present in non-sperm cells and virus adhering to the spermatozoa. genomic bovine dna was not released by this treatment. primers and probes were based on the nucleotide sequence of the gd gene. bhv1 virus-spiked split samples were used as positive controls and the pcr products were dete ... | 1996 | 8865582 |
| epidemiologic association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus, rinderpest disease virus and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in a buffalo herd. | the association between antibody titres against bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and rinderpest disease virus (rpdv) in buffaloes was investigated in a cross-sectional study. thirty-six lactating buffaloes from a herd in landhi cattle colony, karachi were bled and serum samples subjected to a micro-neutralisation test at the plum island animal disease center, usa, to categorise each buffalo either as positive or negative against each of 3 viral ... | 1996 | 8888525 |
| synthesis, processing, and oligomerization of bovine herpesvirus 1 ge and gi membrane proteins. | this study reports the identification and initial characterization of the precursors, modified forms, and oligomers of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gi and ge proteins with polyvalent rabbit serum specific for gi or ge. our experiments used the colorado strain of bhv-1 and mutant viruses with insertions of the escherichia coli lacz gene into the predicted ge and gi reading frames. we also translated the ge and gi open reading frames in vitro and expressed them in uninfected cells using eukaryotic ... | 1996 | 8892910 |
| glycoprotein e of bovine herpesvirus type 1 is involved in virus transmission by direct cell-to-cell spread. | in order to identify the role of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein e (ge) in the viral infection cycle, we have constructed a bhv-1 ge deletion mutant strain (bhv-1 ge-). this strain was assayed in vitro by comparing its growth kinetics with the wild type strain used as a host of the deletion. our results indicate that those conditions which prevent the infection by direct adsorption to the cells (presence of a semi-solid medium or presence of neutralizing antibodies in the medi ... | 1996 | 8896241 |
| protective immunity of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinants which express pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd and ge. | we have constructed recombinants of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) which express pseudorabies virus (prv) gb, gc, gd or ge either individually or in combination. to test the protective immunity, mice were inoculated with these bhv-1 recombinants and challenged three weeks later with virulent prv. a bhv-1 recombinant, bhv-1/tf7-1, which express prv gc, gd, ge and gi but not prv gb, protected all 7 mice from the challenge with 20 ld50 virulent prv and 6 out of 7 from the challenge with 100 ld50 prv, ... | 1996 | 8898277 |
| development of immuno-pcr for diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. | a highly sensitive immuno-pcr method specific for the detection of antigens of and antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 was established. this assay attained a high sensitivity of up to 10(7.0) times higher than that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or pcr for antigen detection and 10(5.0) times higher than that of elisa for antibody detection. | 1996 | 8904452 |
| construction and characterization of an attenuated bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) recombinant virus. | a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) virus (gal-tk) has been constructed. the gal-tk virus contains a chimeric reporter/marker gene coding for bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal gene) that was inserted stably within the viral tk gene. this resulted in inactivation of the tk gene. the beta-gal gene is under the regulation of a strong, human cytomegalovirus-immediate early (hcmv-ie) promoter and is expressed as an authentic viral-coded gene. even though the one-step growth kinetics ... | 1996 | 8914247 |
| the efficacy of an inactivated ibr vaccine in the prevention of intra-uterine infection and its use in a disease-control programme. | the effects of administration of an established, inactivated ibr vaccine were studied in 30 cows from two herds (one seropositive and one seronegative). all acquired immunity which, after subsequent intratracheal infection with ibr virus, prevented development of symptoms in the cows and protected their foetuses against viral infection in utero. the calves were all healthy and were born at normal term. ten non-vaccinated cows from the seronegative herd responded to the experimental infection wit ... | 1996 | 8919965 |
| production and characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b ectodomain derivatives in an hsp70a gene promoter-based expression system. | different derivatives of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) ectodomain were expressed in a novel heat-shock expression system. the putative ectodomain, gbt, and the n-terminal subunit, gbb, were of the expected molecular weight and were secreted. their production were heat-inducible and the purified proteins were able to elicit antibody responses in mice of a comparable level as induced by authentic gb. the truncated c-terminal subunit, gbct, was retained in the endoplasmic reticul ... | 1996 | 8920833 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and reactivation of seven bovine herpesvirus 1.1 strains: clinical and virological aspects. | specific pathogen-free calves were inoculated intranasally with one of seven strains of bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv 1.1) to identify a highly virulent strain for use in vaccination-challenge experiments. the calves were monitored clinically and virologically. clear differences in virulence between the strains were observed. the iowa strain was the most virulent; the four calves infected with the strain had the most severe clinical signs; two of them died and viraemia was detected in three of the ... | 1996 | 8923716 |
| effect of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta in normal calves and in calves infected with bovine herpesvirus type 1. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. its continuing importance lies in its ability to predispose infected hosts to bacterial infections. in this present study, we determined whether the immunoregulatory effects induced by interleukin-1 (il-1) could stimulate appropriate host defense mechanisms to influence the course of bhv-1 infection in cattle. we first evaluated the effect of different doses (10-1000 ng/kg) of il-1 in normal cattle. a sing ... | 1996 | 8938563 |
| [detection of herpesvirus serum antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic]. | antibodies reacting in the virus-neutralisation test with bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), were demonstrated in a herd of red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic. sera from the same collection were later tested against a homologous virus, termed herpesvirus cervidae 1 (hvc-1), isolated from red deer in scotland. out of 165 imported animals, antibodies to bhv-1 were found in 68% and to hvc-1 in 71% of the animals. titre ... | 1996 | 8966967 |
| an attenuated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine induces a better protection than two inactivated marker vaccines. | a comparative study on the efficacy of 3 bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccines was carried out. an attenuated ge-negative vaccine, an inactivated ge-negative vaccine and an experimental gd-subunit vaccine were tested twice in a vaccination-challenge experiment in cattle. the attenuated vaccine induced the best clinical protection as evidenced by the total absence of clinical signs and fever in cattle. in addition, the attenuated vaccine reduced the shedding of challenge virus significantly ... | 1996 | 8972048 |
| prediction of potential cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes of bovine herpesvirus 1 based on allele-specific peptide motifs and proteolytic cleavage specificities. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules present endogenous peptides to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). elucidation of ctl epitopes of intracellular pathogens helps in designing better vaccines to control economically important human and animal diseases. in this study, candidate epitopes that are potentially available for presentation to the ctls via five bovine mhc class i molecules have been identified. this was accomplished by using the computer programs "find-patterns" and "p ... | 1996 | 8972566 |
| effects of perinatal vaccination on humoral and cellular immune responses in cows and young calves. | to examine the effects of perinatal vaccination on cellular and humoral responses in cows and on passive transfer of antibodies and cells to calves, and to assess the role of maternal antibodies in vaccination responses of neonatal calves. | 1996 | 8575972 |
| enhancement of antibody response to bovine herpesvirus 1 with non-specific immunostimulants. | stimulatory effects of aluminium hydroxide, lipopolysaccharide (lps), muramyldipeptide (mdp), and empty liposomes on the antigenicity of inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 were tested in mice. compared with the standard effect of aluminium hydroxide, stronger antibody responses were observed in mice treated with empty liposomes or lps alone, or a combination thereof. the strongest antibody response was recorded in mice treated with a combination of inactivated bhv-1, mdp and empty liposomes. | 1996 | 8693667 |
| rapid method for visual identification of specific dna sequences based on dna-tagged liposomes. | we describe a rapid method for visually determining specific dna sequences at femtomole concentrations. liposomes, encapsulating a red dye and labeled with oligonucleotide, were used in a capillary migration-sandwich hybridization assay. capture probe was immobilized on nitrocellulose strips, and liposomes, migrating along each strip, formed a visually discernible band in the presence of target dna. one femtomole of synthetic target sequence could be detected in < 10 min. sufficiently stringent ... | 1996 | 8697578 |
| the distinction of serologically related ruminant alphaherpesviruses by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonuclease analysis. | the amplification and analysis of a 468bp fragment from the gb gene of the serologically related ruminant alphaherpesviruses bovine herpesvirus-1.1 and 1.2 (bhv-1.1 and bhv-1.2), caprine herpesvirus-1 (caphv-1), cervine herpesvirus-1 (cerhv-1) and rangiferine herpesvirus-1 (ranhv-1) by pcr and restriction endonuclease analysis is described. as primers, 22bp oligomers selected from the bhv-1 gb gene sequences were used for the amplification of the dna from the five viruses. the amplification prod ... | 1996 | 8701569 |
| virulence and immunogenicity in calves of thymidine kinase- and glycoprotein e-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants. | a deletion was introduced into the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of the bhv1 strain lam and, or, the complete coding region of the glycoprotein e (ge) gene was deleted to reduce virulence and to make serological differentiation possible. the virulence and immunogenicity of these three bhv1 mutants (tk-, ge- and tk-/ge) were studied in specific-pathogen-free calves. although inactivation of tk strongly reduced the virulence of the lam strain, deletion of the ge gene alone sufficed to yield complete ... | 1996 | 8701570 |
| efficacy of a temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers. | to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) vaccine against bhv-1 challenge-induced abortion and stillbirth. | 1996 | 8707679 |
| the use of marker vaccines in eradication of herpesviruses. | marker vaccines are vaccines that allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated individuals. this differentiation is based on the absence of one or more microbial proteins in the vaccine that are present in the wild-type micro-organism. consequently, after infection, but not after vaccination, an antibody response against that specific protein(s) can be detected. with a protein-specific antibody test infected individuals can thus be distinguished from vaccinated individuals. ... | 1996 | 8717389 |
| prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in southern india. | the authors describe a serological survey on the prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) among cattle and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in three southern states of india. a local isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) from an outbreak of the respiratory form of ibr was used as a source of virus antigen in avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the overall prevalence of antibodies to bhv-1 in cattle was 50.9%, and in buffalo was 52.5%. among breeding bulls, 114/120 sa ... | 1996 | 9025147 |
| recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) lacking transactivator protein bicpo entails lack of glycoprotein c and severely reduced infectivity. | the immediate-early transactivator protein bicpo is a key regulatory element of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) replication based on transient expression assays. to examine bicpo function in the context of the viral genome, we created recombinant bhv-1 expressing beta-galactosidase instead of bicpo. to complement the defect, a neomycin resistant mdbk cell line (m164) expressing bicpo was established, permitting selection of a blue-staining bhv-1 recombinant (a2g2). southern blot and pcr analysis co ... | 1996 | 8997489 |
| detection of viral genome in non-neural tissues of cattle experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus 1. | to obtain further information on the latent infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in the natural host, we examined the nasal secretions and various tissues of experimentally infected calves using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and immuno-pcr/antigen (immuno-pcr/ag) assays. in the nasal secretions, viral dna was detected in samples with virus isolation titers of 10(4.3) tcid50 or more by pcr. on the same samples, immuno-pcr/ag remained positive up to day 19 p.i. the last ... | 1996 | 8997877 |
| pathogenesis of ruminant herpesvirus infections. | ruminants are hosts for members of both alpha- and gamma-herpesvirinae. a wide range of disease syndromes is associated with infections by these agents. the associated diseases reflect the biological nature of the causative viruses. clinically, the symptoms may be mild and localized or include severe generalized disease, leading eventually to death. much knowledge has been gained concerning the pathogenesis of some alpha-herpesviruses. initially, these viruses replicate in epithelial cells at th ... | 1996 | 9010994 |
| molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses. | molecular virology has served to establish bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as the prototype member of ruminant herpesviruses. based on the genomic sequence of the virus, we aim to identify and characterize virus-specified components, to explain their concerted action, and to predict how the chain of events during the lytic and latent phases of the viral life cycle may be interrupted. the nucleotide sequence of the bhv-1 genome (136 kb) has just been completed by international cooperation (july 1995 ... | 1996 | 9010995 |
| immunology of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. | immune responses to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) have been studied following exposure of animals to virulent virus, conventional live or killed vaccines, genetically engineered live virus vaccines, subunit vaccines and, more recently, following immunization with plasmids encoding putative protective antigens. in all cases reported to date, exposure to bhv-1 or its glycoproteins induced specific responses to the virus which are capable of neutralizing virus and killing virus infected cells. these ... | 1996 | 9010996 |
| advances in the development and evaluation of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines. | this review deals with conventional and modern bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccines. conventional vaccines are widely used to prevent clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. the use of conventional vaccines, however, does not appear to have resulted in reduction of the prevalence of infection. novel bhv1 marker vaccines comprise either mutants with a deletion in one of the non-essential genes, or subunit vaccines that contain one or more glycoproteins. these marker vaccines can be u ... | 1996 | 9010997 |
| gene contents in a 31-kb segment at the left genome end of bovine herpesvirus-1. | we report the nucleotide sequence of a 31-kb segment at the left genome end of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and show that it comprises 19 different open reading frames (orfs), including seven which have been described previously (circ, dutpase, ul49.5, alpha tif, vp8, glycoprotein c, and ribonucleotide reductase small subunit). the new sequence resulted in a correction at the c-terminus of glycoprotein c. all 19 orfs exhibited strong amino acid sequence homology to the gene products of other alp ... | 1996 | 9010999 |
| structural and functional analysis of bovine herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins. | this paper focuses on the structure and functions of bovine herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins gh, ge, gg and gp42. it reviews the progress which has been made in their identification and characterization, in the study of their temporal expression and processing in infected cells, and finally in the understanding of their biological activities. in addition, aspects discussed include a comparison with two other alphaherpesviruses, namely herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus. | 1996 | 9011001 |
| persistence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 and virus reactivation two to three years after infection. | to study the long-term persistence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) specific antibodies in cattle, serum samples were collected regularly over a period of two to three years after infection. the sera were titrated in a bhv1 neutralizing antibody test, a glycoprotein gb blocking elisa and a glycoprotein ge blocking elisa. sera collected after infection were positive in all tests and the titres declined only minimally during the investigation period. two to three years after infection, four animals ... | 1996 | 9011002 |
| the role of glycoproteins gc, ge, gi, and gg in the induction of cell-mediated immune responses to bovine herpesvirus 1. | mutant viruses with deletions in genes encoding non-essential glycoproteins are considered as promising bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine candidates. the present study compared the influence of various gene deletions (gc, ge, gi, gg) on the induction of cell-mediated immune responses against the virus. the highest bhv1 specific lymphoproliferative response was observed in the group of calves inoculated with the gc- mutant. however, in all groups of inoculated calves, limiting dilution analysis ... | 1996 | 9011004 |
| assessment of the cell-mediated immunity in cattle infection after bovine herpesvirus 4 infection, using an in vitro antigen-specific interferon-gamma assay. | the cell-mediated immunity (cmi) following bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) infection has been poorly investigated in cattle. the in vivo response measured by a delayed type of hypersensitivity (dth) assay has been reported to be positive in only few animals showing serological evidences of bhv4 infection. we have investigated the cmi following bhv4 infection by an in vitro antigen-specific interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) release assay, as an indicator of an actively acquired immunity to bhv4. our preli ... | 1996 | 9011005 |
| antibody isotype responses to experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 in calves with colostrally derived antibody. | calves, both positive and negative for maternal antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), were infected with bhv-1 and their serum antibody isotype responses were measured post-infection. in the case of maternal antibody negative calves there was a classical humoral response to the virus with an early igm peak followed by igg1 and igg2 responses. in maternal antibody positive calves, although infection was established, no active antibody response was detected in serum except for a transient igm ... | 1996 | 9011006 |
| a european inter-laboratory trial to evaluate the reliability of serological diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 infections. | the detection of cattle latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) is of importance in control programs and in international trade activities. therefore, tests to detect specific antibodies in serum must be highly sensitive. to evaluate the reliability of serological diagnosis of bhv1 infections in europe, seventeen laboratories in 15 european countries were asked to determine bhv1-specific antibodies in a panel of bovine serum samples using the serological tests available in their labor ... | 1996 | 9011007 |
| the use of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen during a natural outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | nasal swabs from two bulls at an artificial insemination (ai) station were submitted to our laboratory. the animals showed clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), although the station was supposedly free of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). dna of bhv1 was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). subsequently nasal swabs from 100 animals that could have been in contact were submitted. bhv1 dna was detected in swabs from 23 animals. using the pcr, bhv1 could only be detecte ... | 1996 | 9011008 |
| population dynamics of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in a dairy herd. | an induced outbreak of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infection in a dairy herd is described. the outbreak was induced by injecting three bhv1 seropositive cows with dexamethasone. within 7 weeks all seronegative cows had seroconverted. also some seropositive animals showed a significant increase in serum antibody titre. using these data, parameters of population dynamics such as r0, the basic reproduction ratio, could be estimated. the basic reproduction ratio is a threshold value describing inf ... | 1996 | 9011009 |
| a ge deleted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccine for use in improved bovine herpesvirus 1 control programs. | based on a glycoprotein e (ge) deleted bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) strain (kaashoek et al., 1994) a killed virus as well as a modified live virus marker vaccine have been developed that allow differentiation between immunized and bhv1 infected cattle. safety and efficacy of both vaccines were tested extensively following the current european union (eu) requirements for the development of bovine vaccines. the minimum vaccine dose, vaccination regimen, route of administration and duration of immun ... | 1996 | 9011010 |
| early immunity induced by a live ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine. | we studied the early immunity induced by a live glycoprotein e (ge) negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine. three groups of specific-pathogen-free calves were either not vaccinated, or vaccinated two days or two hours before the introduction of a calf that was intranasally infected with wild-type bhv1 the day before. we quantified the shedding of ge-negative vaccine virus and of wild-type virus, using a double-staining immunoassay. in calves vaccinated two hours before the introduct ... | 1996 | 9011011 |
| development of a disease control programme based on the use of an inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | studies to investigate the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) suggest that this vaccine can prevent the in utero infection of calves from experimentally infected dams. in an experimental herd the inactivated vaccine induced a humoral immune response in both seropositive and seronegative cattle and, after subsequent intratracheal infection with ibr (bhv-1) virus, prevented development of symptoms in the cows and protected their fetuses against infec ... | 1996 | 9011012 |
| the ul2 open reading frame of bovine herpesvirus 1 encodes a uracil-dna glycosylase. | sequence analysis within the unique long segment of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome previously identified an open reading frame (orf), designated ul2, whose deduced polypeptide of 204 amino acids contained a consensus uracil-dna glycosylase (udgase) signature sequence. to determine whether the bhv-1 ul2 orf product has udgase activity, we positioned the ul2 sequence down-stream of the t7 promoter on the vector pet-28b(+) and expressed it in escherichia coli. upon induction with isopropyl ... | 1996 | 9013493 |
| effects of bhv-1 on pmn adhesion to bovine lung endothelial cells. | bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) infection appears to decrease the rate of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) influx into the lung in response to the secondary invader, pasteurella haemolytica. it was postulated that bhv-1 may affect the rate of cellular infiltration by altering the function of the endothelium, thereby preventing pmn movement across the blood-tissue barrier. therefore, we decided to investigate the effect of bhv-1 on the ability of pmn to adhere to lung endothelial cells (lec). lec ... | 1996 | 9014307 |
| the effect of cobalt supplementation on the immune response in vitamin b12 deficient texel lambs. | the effect of cobalt supplementation on the immune reactivity in vitamin b12 deficient lambs was measured by comparing the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against bovine herpes virus type 1 and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. in addition, faecal egg counts were performed after natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. the experiments were performed with registered texel twin lambs of the same sex. one lamb of each twin received three cobalt pellets divided over the grazing pe ... | 1996 | 9014314 |
| identification and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul7 gene and gene product which are not essential for virus replication in cell culture. | the ul7 gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strain schönböken was found at a position and in a context predicted from the gene order in the prototype alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1. the gene and flanking regions were sequenced, the ul7 rna and protein were characterized, and 98.3% of the ul7 open reading frame was deleted from the viral genome without destroying productive virus replication. concomitant deletion of nine 3' codons from the bhv-1 ul6 orf and 77 amino acids from the ... | 1996 | 8551568 |
| identification and characterization of a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein gl which is required for proper antigenicity, processing, and transport of bhv-1 glycoprotein gh. | dna sequence analysis of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) genome revealed the presence of an open reading frame named ul1 which exhibited limited homology to glycoprotein gl of herpes simplex virus-1 (s. k. khattar, s. van drunen littel-van den hurk, l. a. babiuk, and s. k. tikoo, virology 213, 28-37). to identify the bhv-1 ul1 protein, rabbit antisera were prepared against two synthetic peptides that were predicted by computer analysis to encompass antigenic epitopes. sera against both peptides ... | 1996 | 8623555 |
| identification and characterization of bicp27, an early protein of bovine herpesvirus 1 which may stimulate mrna 3' processing. | sequence analysis of the left genomic terminus of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) revealed two convergently transcribed genes with 3' ends about 300 bp apart. the gene on the left is the previously described circ gene; that on the right was found to encode a protein of 400 amino acids which was designated bicp27 because of its homology to icp27 (vmw63) of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) and related proteins from other alpha- beta- and gammaherpesviruses. rabbit antisera raised against a synthetic ol ... | 1996 | 8627249 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 ul49.5 homolog gene encodes a novel viral envelope protein that forms a disulfide-linked complex with a second virion structural protein. | we previously reported that the genome of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) contains an open reading frame (orf) homologous to the herpes simplex virus ul49.5 orf, and as with the herpes simplex virus ul49.5 orf, the deduced amino acid sequence of the bhv-1 ul49.5 homolog (ul49.5h) contains features characteristic of an integral membrane protein, implying that it may constitute a functional gene encoding a novel viral envelope protein. this communication reports on the identification of the bhv-1 ul4 ... | 1996 | 8627662 |
| glycoprotein bb, the n-terminal subunit of bovine herpesvirus 1 gb, can bind to heparan sulfate on the surfaces of madin-darby bovine kidney cells. | the present study confirms our previous findings made by using heparin affinity chromatography that bovine herpesvirus 1 gb can bind to heparin-like structures. in order to locate the functional domain for heparin binding, we expressed the extracellular portion of gb (gbt) and the large subunit of gb (gbb) in madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells under the control of the bovine heat shock protein 70a gene promoter. the recombinant gbt and gbb were both efficiently secreted from the transfected ... | 1996 | 8627732 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 u(s) open reading frame 4 encodes a glycoproteoglycan. | sequence analysis of the short unique (us) segment of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome predicted that the us open reading frame (orf) 4 encodes a protein with homology to glycoprotein g (gg) of other alpha-herpesviruses (p. leung-tack, j.-c. audonnet, and m. riviere, virology 199:409-421, 1994). rna analysis showed that the us orf4 is contained within two transcripts of 3.5 and 1.8 kb. the 3.5 kb rna represents a structurally bicistronic rna which encompasses the us orf3 and us orf4, wher ... | 1996 | 8627780 |
| construction of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) recombinants which express pseudorabies virus (prv) glycoproteins gb, gc, gd, and ge. | we have improved the method for constructing recombinants of bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1). using this method, we constructed three recombinants in which the pseudorabies virus (prv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene was inserted at three different sites in the unique short region of bhv-1. these three sites are located in the open reading frame of ge, gg and gi genes. previously, two sites (tk and gc) had been used to insert foreign dna fragments to bhv-1 genome. therefore we now have 5 sites in b ... | 1996 | 8629951 |
| pathology of bovine abortion and newborn calf death caused by dual infection with chlamydia psittaci and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. | nine aborted fetuses and one newborn calf, diagnosed as chlamydia psittaci (c. psittaci) infection, were pathologically examined. the characteristic lesions in the liver were focal necrosis in 9 aborted fetuses and granulomatous necrotic foci in the newborn calf. moderate numbers of intranuclear inclusion bodies were found in necrotic foci of the liver, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, kidney, lung and forestomach. immunohistologically, a small number of c. psittaci antigens was demon ... | 1996 | 8645759 |
| identification and characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul3.5 protein, which is involved in virus egress. | alphaherpesvirus genomes exhibit a generally collinear gene arrangement, and most of their genes are conserved among the different members of the subfamily. among the exceptions is the ul3.5 gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) for which positional homologs have been detected in the genomes of varicella-zoster virus, equine herpesvirus 1, and bovine herpesvirus 1 but not in the genomes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. to identify and characterize the predicted 224 amino acid ul3.5 protein of p ... | 1996 | 8648685 |
| the latency-related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 encodes a product which inhibits cell cycle progression. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) establishes a latent infection in the sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. the exclusive viral rna expressed in a latent infection is the latency-related (lr) rna, suggesting that it regulates some aspect of a latent infection. during the course of a productive infection, alphaherpesviruses induce certain events which occur during cell cycle progression. consequently, we hypothesized that a bhv-1 infection might induce events in neurons which occur during cell cycle ... | 1996 | 8648716 |
| inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 induces apoptotic cell death of mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) is able to inhibit the proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. here, we have demonstrated that live bhv-1 and, interestingly, inactivated bhv-1 can induce apoptosis of mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. | 1996 | 8648752 |
| differential control of transcription by homologous homeodomain coregulators. | the human herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) transactivator vp16 and its homolog from bovine herpes-virus 1 (bhv-1) can each recruit the human homeodomain protein oct-1 into a transcriptional regulatory complex. here, we show that these two oct-1 coregulators possess similar, if not identical, homeodomain recognition properties but possess different virus-specific cis-regulatory specificities: the hsv-1 vp-16 protein activates transcription from the hsv-1 vp16 response element, and the bhv-1 vp ... | 1996 | 8649408 |
| sequence and expression of a bovine herpesvirus-1 gene homologous to the glycoprotein k-encoding gene of herpes simplex virus-1. | in the bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) genome, a gene equivalent to the glycoprotein k (gk)-encoding gene of other herpesviruses was identified and sequenced. the primary translation product is predicted to comprise 338 amino acids (aa) and to exhibit a molecular mass of 37.5 kda. it possesses characteristics typical for membrane glycoproteins including a potential cleavable signal sequence, three transmembrane domains and two potential n-linked glycosylation sites. comparison to the gk proteins o ... | 1996 | 8654942 |
| expression of bovine interleukin-1 beta in a bovine herpesvirus-1 vector: in vitro analysis. | in order to evaluate whether bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) could be used as a live viral vector for the expression of cytokines, we constructed a recombinant bhv-1 expressing bovine interleukin-1 beta (boil-1 beta). the boil-1 beta coding sequence, corresponding to the cleaved mature product, was fused with the bhv-1 glycoprotein c (gc) signal peptide sequence; the resultant gc-boil-1 beta fusion gene was recombined into the gc locus of the bhv-1 genome. southern blot analysis confirmed the prope ... | 1996 | 8661416 |
| functional analysis of the transmembrane anchor region of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gb. | in herpesviruses, homologues of glycoprotein b (gb) are essential membrane proteins which are involved in fusion. however, there is no clear evidence regarding the location of the fusogenic domain on gb. by using bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as a model, we studied the relationship between the structure and the fusogenic activity of gb. this was achieved by expressing genes of different gb derivatives containing specific truncations at the end of segments 2 or 3 of the transmembrane region in mad ... | 1997 | 9024808 |
| characteristics of dna-tagged liposomes allowing their use in capillary-migration, sandwich-hybridization assays. | liposomes that have been labeled externally with a dna oligomer are used in a capillary-migration, sandwich-hybridization assay for specific dna target sequences. the liposomes are used in a dna detection scheme that produces visually observable results in 10 min. the preparation and covalent attachment of a thiol-activated 22-base oligomer to the external surface of dye-containing liposomes is described, and the specificity of the assay toward perfectly complementary target dna is demonstrated. ... | 1997 | 9025942 |
| supplemental dietary chromium does not influence acth, cortisol, or immune responses in young calves inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1. | twelve holstein bull calves (6 to 8 wk of age) were used to determine the influence of supplemental dietary cr on acth, cortisol, and immune responses of calves experimentally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). calves supplemented with cr received 3 mg cr/d (chromium, n = 6) of a high-cr-yeast product. following 53 d of treatment, all calves were fitted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were collected every 4 h into tubes containing etda. twenty-four hours later, all calves we ... | 1997 | 9027569 |
| from essential to beneficial: glycoprotein d loses importance for replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 in cell culture. | glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has been shown to be an essential component of virions involved in virus entry. gd expression in infected cells is also required for direct cell-to-cell spread. therefore, bhv-1 gd functions are identical in these aspects to those of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) gd. in contrast, the gd homolog of pseudorabies virus (prv), although essential for penetration, is not necessary for direct cell-to-cell spread. cocultivation of cells infected with ... | 1997 | 8985319 |
| assembly of herpes simplex virus capsids using the human cytomegalovirus scaffold protein: critical role of the c terminus. | an essential step in assembly of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 capsids involves interaction of the major capsid protein (vp5) with the c terminus of the scaffolding protein (encoded by the ul26.5 gene). the final 12 residues of the hsv scaffolding protein contains an a-x-x-f-v/a-x-q-m-m-x-x-r motif which is conserved between scaffolding proteins found in other alphaherpesviruses but not in members of the beta- or gamma-herpesviruses. previous studies have shown that the bovine herpesvirus 1 ... | 1997 | 8995652 |
| protective immunity in cattle following vaccination with conventional and marker bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) vaccines. | the efficacy of two experimental subunit gd vaccines and two commercial whole virus vaccines was determined in a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) challenge trial. full-length gd and a truncated, secreted form of gd (tgd) were produced using a vaccinia virus expression system and purified by affinity chromatography. comparison of these forms of gd did not reveal significant structural or antigenic differences. calves immunized with gd or tgd in avridine developed significantly (p < 0.05) higher neutra ... | 1997 | 9041664 |
| fine mapping of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein c neutralizing epitopes by type-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides. | bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein c (gc) functions as a major virus attachment protein. here, two bhv-1 gc-specific epitopes that are specified by complement-dependent neutralizing mabs are mapped. the bhv-1 gc-specific peptides and mabs were used to specifically localize continuous epitopes by direct binding to the mabs and by blocking the mab reactivity (competitive elisa) to authentic viral antigen. the results of competitive elisa indicated that the complement-dependent neutralizing epitopes r ... | 1997 | 9453139 |
| yeast-secreted bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d has authentic conformational structure and immunogenicity. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd), an envelope glycoprotein, engenders mucosal and systemic immunity protecting cattle from viral infection. production of gd with authentic immunogenicity is required for a subunit vaccine. we placed the truncated bhv-1 gd gene, lacking its putative transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, under the control of the methanol-inducible aox1 promoter in the yeast pichia pastoris. truncated bhv-1 gd (tgd) was efficiently secreted into the culture medium a ... | 1997 | 9178470 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1-induced apoptosis occurs at the g0/g1 phase of the cell cycle. | we have previously shown that bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), even when inactivated, induces apoptotic cell death in mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) (hanon et al., 1996, j. virol. 70, 4116-4120). in order to gain insight into this process, we have investigated the cell cycle phase at which bhv-1 induces apoptosis in pbmcs. our results show that the percentage of cells that progress through the s phase was always lower in bhv-1-infected pbmcs than in control cel ... | 1997 | 9191849 |
| identification and characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoproteins e and i. | to identify the products of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) ge and gi genes, we constructed baculovirus recombinants containing the putative ge or gi genes. these recombinant viruses synthesized bhv-1 ge and gi with apparent molecular masses of 84 and 41 kda, respectively. polyclonal antibodies against these recombinant ge or gi proteins were produced and by using these antibodies, we showed the presence of ge and gi with apparent molecular masses of 94 and 45 kda, respectively, in purified bhv ... | 1997 | 9191936 |
| infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/infectious pustular balanoposthitis in cattle. | 1997 | 9194305 | |
| interference activity of bovine herpes virus 1 strains against aujeszky's disease virus in cell cultures. | the interference-inducing activity of different low- and high-virulence strains of bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) against aujeszky's disease virus was studied by a parallel titration on permissive and non-permissive cell culture. the low-virulence bhv-1 strains possessed better interference-inducing activity than the high-virulence strains. an interference blocking test (ibt) was developed for the detection of bhv-1 antibodies in bovine sera. comparative results of ibt and the virus neutralisatio ... | 1997 | 9208203 |
| the humoral immune response in cattle after immunization with a multivalent ibr/pi3/pasteurella haemolytica a1 leukotoxin vaccine. | a multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and the leukotoxin of pasteurella haemolytica a1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and administered to post-weaned calves, and the serum tested for seroconversion to each antigen. two groups of calves (n = 150 and n = 68) were used and were randomly divided into three subgroups. the first g ... | 1997 | 9467176 |
| a serological survey of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in selected dairy herds in northern and central italy. | serum samples from a total of 6979 dairy cattle from 55 herds in northern italy (51 herds) and central italy (4 herds), were examined by the serum neutralization test for the presence of antibody to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). it was found that 84.31% of the farms selected in northern italy and all the farms from central italy had seropositive animals at titers of 1:4 or higher. the prevalence of infection was essentially the same among the cattle populations of the two selected areas of the c ... | 1997 | 9481516 |
| tumor necrosis factor beta is a major source of antibody-activated effector cells in the killing of virally infected target cells. | we have extended our previous work on cross-linking cd4 molecules using specific monoclonal-antibody-induced antigen-nonspecific major-histocompatibility-complex unrestricted killing by cd4+ t cells of virally infected target cells. the killing activity of antibody-activated cd4+ t cells was completely blocked by herbimycin a, a protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase c inhibitor. herbimycin-a-treated human or bovine peripheral blood cd4+ t cells ... | 1997 | 9491850 |
| neuropathology of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) meningo-encephalitis in a rabbit seizure model. | the suitability of a rabbit seizure model for studying the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) encephalitis was evaluated. intranasal administration of bhv-5 (strain tx89) together with intramuscular administration of dexamethasone produced seizures in 70% of rabbits tested and meningo-encephalitis in 100%. infectious bhv-5 was consistently isolated from the following sites: olfactory bulb; anterior cortex, containing the frontal cortex, olfactory tract and anterior portion of ... | 1997 | 9502267 |
| health evaluation of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) using blood chemistry and serology. | as part of ongoing ecological studies of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) in northern namibia, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 26 animals captured for translocation in 1992. all animals appeared to be in good condition and no abnormality was noted during physical examination. serum chemistry and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and were within the normal ranges for domestic ruminants. antibody titers for in ... | 1997 | 9523628 |
| nucleotide sequence of canine herpesvirus homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 us2, us3, glycoproteins i and e, us8.5 and us9 genes. | the partial nucleotide sequence of two bamhi fragments that span the unique short region (us), terminal repeat region (tr) and internal repeat region (ir) of canine herpesvirus (chv) has been determined. data obtained revealed several open reading frames (orf's) identified as the us2, us3, gi, ge and us9 homologues of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1). the chv homologues also show significant identity in amino acid sequence with those encoded by feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv1), bovine herpesvi ... | 1997 | 9524817 |
| effect of shipping and chromium supplementation on performance, immune response, and disease resistance of steers. | forty-eight angus crossbred steers (263 +/- 2 kg initial bw) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned within weight group to treatment. treatments consisted of control or .4 mg of supplemental cr as cr-nicotinic acid complex/kg of dm. steers were fed diets containing 90% corn silage (dm basis) and 10% of a soybean meal-mineral-vitamin supplement. after 56 d on the dietary treatment, half of the steers in each treatment were transported 343 km and unloaded in an unfamiliar location. the next ... | 1997 | 9222855 |
| the ge and gi homologs from two alphaherpesviruses have conserved and divergent neuroinvasive properties. | the membrane glycoproteins ge and gi are encoded by pseudorabies virus (prv), a neurotropic, broad-host-range alphaherpesvirus of swine. prv ge and gi are required for anterograde spread to a restricted set of retinorecipient neurons in the brain after infection of the rat retina. a related alphaherpesvirus, encoding ge and gi homologs, is called bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv-1.1). bhv-1.1 is a respiratory pathogen of highly restricted host range and, in contrast to prv, is unable to propagate in ... | 1997 | 9223471 |
| [seroprevalence of viral infections in llamas (lama glama) in the republic of argentina]. | this study reports the seroprevalence of bovine viral infections in llamas (lama glama) in argentina. this is the first study made in the country including 390 llamas and testing antibodies against eight viruses. samples were collected from nine farms distributed in three different provinces: buenos aires, córdoba and jujuy. the samples were tested for antibodies against eight viruses known to infect cattle: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus ... | 1997 | 9229724 |
| sheep do not have a major role in bovine herpesvirus 1 transmission. | with regard to bhv1 eradication programs in cattle it is important to know whether sheep can be a reservoir of bhv1. we therefore performed an experiment that consisted of three phases. in phase 1, 10 sheep were inoculated with high doses of bhv1 and kept in close contact with 5 sheep and 5 calves. all inoculated sheep excreted bhv1 between 8 and 15 days post inoculation and seroconverted. although bhv1 was isolated from the nasal mucosa of 3 out of 5 sentinel sheep, none of the sentinel sheep p ... | 1997 | 9231980 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| the efficacy of trypsin for disinfection of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1. | bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) or in vitro fertilized (ivf) embryos were exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) during in vitro maturation or co-culture with uterine tubal cells, respectively. trypsin, at a concentration of 0.25%, was applied (for approximately 90 s) to disinfect either coc or cumulus-free oocytes (cfo) 18 h after insemination, or on day 7 to embryos resulting from infected oocytes. in total, virus was not detected in 71% of 93 samples containing 233 embryos exposed to b ... | 1997 | 9233501 |
| assessing infections at multiple levels of aggregation. | the patterns of sero-prevalence of antibodies to four infectious diseases, representing a broad range of pathogens (bacteria: brucellosis; mycoplasma: contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; viruses: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; protozoa: trypanosomosis) were investigated at three levels of organization (farm, area and district). three contrasting districts in kenya were compared: an arid and pastoral area (samburu); a tropical highland area (kiambu), and a tropical coastal area (kilifi). cattl ... | 1997 | 9234402 |
| polynucleotide vaccines in animals: enhancing and modulating responses. | we immunized cattle, the natural host for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), with a polynucleotide vaccine encoding bhv-1 glycoprotein d. these cattle trials clearly indicate that large species can be immunized with polynucleotide vaccines. recently, using a murine model, we demonstrated that: the cellular compartment to which the expressed antigen is delivered determines the type of immune response (type 1 or type 2), and that the magnitude and direction of the immune response can be modulated by co ... | 1997 | 9234534 |
| analysis of bovine herpesvirus 1 transcripts during a primary infection of trigeminal ganglia of cattle. | during an infection of nonneuronal cells, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gene expression proceeds in a well-defined cascade. products of immediate-early (ie) genes are expressed first, and they activate expression of early (e) and late (l) genes. although the same cascade is assumed to occur during an infection of neurons in trigeminal ganglia (tg) of cattle, no experimental data is available to support this hypothesis. consequently, we analyzed bhv-1 gene expression in bovine tg at 1, 2, 4, 7, an ... | 1997 | 9261403 |
| study of immunogenicity and virulence of bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants deficient in the ul49 homolog, ul49.5 homolog and dutpase genes in cattle. | we previously reported that the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) gene homologous to herpes simplex virus gene ul49 is dispensable; nevertheless, a mutant with the ul49 homolog (ul49 h) gene deletion exhibited significantly impaired growth in cell culture. to further evaluate the role of the ul49 h in virus infectivity in the natural host of bhv 1, the pathogenesis of the ul49 h negative mutant was studied in cattle. an additional mutant with a combined defect in ul49 h, ul49.5 h and dutpase genes wa ... | 1997 | 9269047 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against glycoprotein ge of bovine herpesvirus 1 allows differentiation between infected and vaccinated cattle. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detecting antibodies against glycoprotein ge (ge) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). the assay is based on the use of two monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigenic domains on ge. sera from uninfected cattle and cattle that had been repeatedly vaccinated with ge-negative marker vaccines scored negative, whereas sera from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with bhv1 field strains scored positive in the ge ... | 1997 | 9274815 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 infects activated cd4+ lymphocytes. | acute virus infections can induce immune deficiencies, as shown by immunosuppression to a variety of antigens and mitogens. previously we observed that live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) induced considerable lymphocyte death in culture, suggesting that the virus infected one or more cell populations. our goal was to identify the cells infected by bhv-1 and the mechanism resulting in cell death. cona activated cells were cultured with bhv-1 and stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for virus ... | 1997 | 9292002 |
| [serological investigations in the diagnosis of viral infections derived from cattle in sheep]. | in the coast region of the north-west of germany 269 arbitrary chosen blood samples of 22 flocks of sheep were tested for the existence of bhv-1, bvd and pi-3 antibodies. the livestock of 13 farms with 163 sheep consistent of sheep and bovine, 9 herds with 106 sheep kept sheep only. the results show that bhv-1 antibodies were not present in the sampled sheep. contrary to this are the results for bvd and pi-3. the blood tests for bvd antibodies were positive in 6.7% of the samples. this result in ... | 1997 | 9324461 |
| disease risks to animal health from artificial insemination with bovine semen. | two of the major goals of artificial insemination of domesticated animals are to achieve continuous genetic improvement and to prevent or eliminate venereal disease. in comparison with natural service, fewer males are needed to artificially inseminate the same number of females and to produce the same number of offspring. however, there are risks associated with artificial insemination, which has the potential to disseminate genetic defects and also to spread infectious disease nationally and in ... | 1997 | 9329119 |
| inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccines are more efficacious in reducing virus excretion after reactivation than a live marker vaccine. | a comparative study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of three bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccines to reduce the reexcretion of virus after reactivation of latent bhv1. a live ge-negative vaccine, an inactivated ge-negative vaccine and an experimental gd-subunit vaccine were tested in three identical experiments in which cattle, latently infected with bhv1, were vaccinated twice before they were treated with high doses of dexamethasone. virus excretion after dexamethasone treatmen ... | 1997 | 9330461 |
| antiviral activity of an extract from leaves of the tropical plant acanthospermum hispidum. | incubation of the alphaherpesviruses pseudorabiesvirus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 during infection of cell cultures with an extract prepared from the leaves of acanthospermum hispidum impaired productive replication of these viruses in a concentration-dependent manner whereas propagation of classical swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and vaccinia virus was not affected. the 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth (ic50) was 107 +/- 5 microliters/ml, and the concentration r ... | 1997 | 9330761 |
| functional complementation of ul3.5-negative pseudorabies virus by the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul3.5 homolog. | the ul3.5 gene is positionally conserved but highly variable in size and sequence in different members of the alphaherpesvirinae and is absent from herpes simplex virus genomes. we have shown previously that the pseudorabies virus (prv) ul3.5 gene encodes a nonstructural protein which is required for secondary envelopment of intracytoplasmic virus particles in the trans-golgi region. in the absence of ul3.5 protein, naked nucleocapsids accumulate in the cytoplasm, release of infectious virions i ... | 1997 | 9343253 |
| induction of procoagulant activity in virus infected bovine alveolar macrophages and the effect of lipopolysaccharide. | three viruses known to be associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex were evaluated in vitro for potential impact upon the procoagulant activity (pca) of bovine alveolar macrophages (bam). cultures of bam were inoculated with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpbvdv), non-cytopathic bvdv (ncpbvdv), or bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) and incubated for several time periods (24, 48, 72, 96 h). bam were then exposed to e. coli lipopolysa ... | 1997 | 9343337 |
| effect of bovine herpes virus-1, bluetongue virus and akabane virus on the in vitro development of bovine embryos. | bovine oocytes enclosed by follicular epithelial (fe) cells were exposed to bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and akabane virus (av), matured in culture for 24 h and then in vitro fertilized. in the bhv-1-exposed group, bhv-1 was isolated from medium 3 days after in vitro fertilization at a high titer, and a severe cytopathic effect was observed in the fe cells. oocytes in the bhv-1-exposed group developed to the 2-cell to 8-cell stage, but failed to develop into blastocysts. ... | 1997 | 9355248 |
| effect of il-4 and il-12 liposomal formulations on the induction of immune response to bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein d. | activation of different t-helper (th) responses following immunisation has profound and specific influences on the development of the immune response and on the ability of a vaccine to confer protection. since cytokines are capable of influencing the stimulation of distinct t-cell responses, their encapsulation in vaccines should modulate antigen-specific immune responses. unfortunately, the use of cytokines in vivo is hampered by their rapid clearance and inactivation. one possible solution to ... | 1997 | 9364679 |
| mucosal immunization with recombinant adenoviruses: induction of immunity and protection of cotton rats against respiratory bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection. | to facilitate the evaluation of vaccines against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), a cotton rat model of intranasal (i.n.) bhv-1 infection was established. cotton rat lung cells were similar to bovine cells in their ability to support bhv-1 replication in vitro. furthermore, i.n. inoculation of cotton rats with bhv-1 resulted in pulmonary lesions comparable to bhv-1 infection in cattle. using this model, the potential of i.n. and gastrointestinal (g.i.) immunization was examined with recombinan ... | 1997 | 9367381 |