Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the rtxa toxin gene of kingella kingae: a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. | kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named rtx has been identified. the goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxa toxin gene s ... | 2011 | 21248099 |
| two new subfamilies of dna mismatch repair proteins (muts) specifically abundant in the marine environment. | muts proteins are ubiquitous in cellular organisms and have important roles in dna mismatch repair or recombination. in the virus world, the amoeba-infecting mimivirus, as well as the recently sequenced cafeteria roenbergensis virus are known to encode a muts related to the homologs found in octocorals and ɛ-proteobacteria. to explore the presence of muts proteins in other viral genomes, we performed a genomic survey of four giant viruses ('giruses') (pyramimonas orientalis virus (pov), phaeocys ... | 2011 | 21248859 |
| global transcriptional analysis of spontaneous sakacin p-resistant mutant strains of listeria monocytogenes during growth on different sugars. | subclass iia bacteriocins have strong antilisterial activity and can control the growth of listeria monocytogenes in food. however, l. monocytogenes may develop resistance towards such bacteriocins. in this follow-up study, the transcriptomes of a high level (l502-1) and a low level (l502-6) spontaneous sakacin p-resistant mutant strain of l. monocytogenes were compared to the wild-type (l502). the growth of the resistant strains was reduced on mannose but not affected on cellobiose and the tran ... | 2011 | 21253597 |
| introgression in the genus campylobacter: generation and spread of mosaic alleles. | horizontal genetic exchange strongly influences the evolution of many bacteria, substantially contributing to difficulties in defining their position in taxonomic groups. in particular, how clusters of related bacterial genotypes - currently classified as microbiological species - evolve and are maintained remains controversial. the nature and magnitude of gene exchange between two closely related (approx. 15 % nucleotide divergence) microbiologically defined species, campylobacter jejuni and ca ... | 2011 | 21212120 |
| a prospective study of acute diarrhea in a cohort of united states military personnel on deployment to the multinational force and observers, sinai, egypt. | to better understand the epidemiology of diarrhea in deployed personnel to the middle east, a prospective cohort study of travelers' diarrhea (td) was conducted between may 2004 and january 2005 at the multinational force and observers (mfo) camp in the southern sinai. a baseline entry questionnaire and stool specimen was provided on study entry, and volunteers were followed every 6 weeks. of 211 volunteers, 145 (68.7%) completed one or more follow-up visits. in total, 416 follow-up surveys were ... | 2011 | 21212203 |
| contagious cancer. | although cancer can on occasion be caused by infectious agents such as specific bacteria, parasites, and viruses, it is not generally considered a transmissible disease. in rare circumstances, however, direct communication from one host to another has been documented. the tasmanian devil is now threatened with extinction in the wild because of a fatal transmissible cancer, devil facial tumor disease (dftd). another example is canine transmissible venereal tumor (ctvt or sticker's sarcoma) in dog ... | 2011 | 21212437 |
| no evidence of infection with avian influenza viruses among us poultry workers in the delmarva peninsula, maryland and virginia, usa. | industrial poultry workers may be at elevated risk of avian influenza infection due to intense occupational contact with live poultry. serum samples from poultry workers and community members in the delmarva peninsula, one of the densest regions of poultry production in the united states, were analyzed for antibodies to strains of five avian influenza subtypes using microneutralization assays. no evidence of infection was found, suggesting inefficient transmission to humans or the absence of vir ... | 2011 | 21213164 |
| globin-mediated nitric oxide detoxification in the foodborne pathogenic bacterium campylobacter jejuni proceeds via a dioxygenase or denitrosylase mechanism. | nitric oxide (no()) is a toxin, but bacteria have evolved various strategies to detoxify this harmful radical to nitrate, the best known mechanism being the dioxygenase reaction of bacterial flavohaemoglobins. in addition, globins can form oxoferryl (fe(iv)o) species through the reaction of the ferric haem with hydrogen peroxide: these species can also detoxify no() to nitrite and nitrate. during infection, campylobacter is exposed to both no() and hydrogen peroxide. a question therefore arises: ... | 2011 | 21215320 |
| detection, isolation, and characterization of helicobacter species from the gastrointestinal tract of the brushtail possum. | the presence of helicobacter species in australian marsupials was examined systematically using microscopy, culture, and pcr in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract (git) and in the liver of brushtail possums (btps) (trichosurus vulpecula), a common australian marsupial that feeds on eucalyptus leaves. the spatial distribution of helicobacter species in the git sections also was examined microscopically in silver-stained sections and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) using a ... | 2011 | 21216901 |
| arcobacter population dynamics in pigs on farrow-to-finish farms. | healthy pigs are an important reservoir for the emerging human pathogen arcobacter which can result in contamination of porcine carcasses and pork and the spread of arcobacters into the environment. up to now, the excretion of arcobacters by pigs has been studied, but information about the transmission routes in fattening pigs is lacking. the present study aimed to elucidate the arcobacter population dynamics in pigs during the fattening period on four farrow-to-finish farms. on each farm, 30 cl ... | 2011 | 21216902 |
| glycosylation is required for outer membrane localization of the lectin lecb in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the fucose-/mannose-specific lectin lecb from pseudomonas aeruginosa is transported to the outer membrane; however, the mechanism used is not known so far. here, we report that lecb is present in the periplasm of p. aeruginosa in two variants of different sizes. both were functional and could be purified by their affinity to mannose. the difference in size was shown by a specific enzyme assay to be a result of n glycosylation, and inactivation of the glycosylation sites was shown by site-directe ... | 2011 | 21217000 |
| complete genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni strain s3. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world; however, there is only one complete genome sequence of a poultry strain to date. here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of the second poultry strain, c. jejuni strain s3. this strain has been shown to be nonmotile, to be a poor invader in vitro, and to be a poor colonizer of poultry after minimal in vitro passage. | 2011 | 21217004 |
| antibiotic prophylaxis prevents the development of a post-infectious phenotype in a new rat model of post-infectious ibs. | a recent post-infectious rat model with campylobacter jejuni 81-176 has replicated the events noted in humans with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). in this study, we test whether prophylactic treatment with the antibiotic rifaximin will prevent the development of long-term altered bowel function in this model. | 2011 | 21222158 |
| evolving promiscuously. | 2011 | 21224414 | |
| galleria mellonella as an infection model for campylobacter jejuni virulence. | larvae of galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) have been shown to be susceptible to campylobacter jejuni infection and our study characterizes this infection model. following infection with c. jejuni human isolates, bacteria were visible in the haemocoel and gut of challenged larvae, and there was extensive damage to the gut. bacteria were found in the extracellular and cell-associated fraction in the haemocoel, and it was shown that c. jejuni can survive in insect cells. finally, we have used ... | 2011 | 21233296 |
| taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical relevance of the genus arcobacter. | the genus arcobacter, defined almost 20 years ago from members of the genus campylobacter, has become increasingly important because its members are being considered emergent enteropathogens and/or potential zoonotic agents. over recent years information that is relevant for microbiologists, especially those working in the medical and veterinary fields and in the food safety sector, has accumulated. recently, the genus has been enlarged with several new species. the complete genomes of arcobacte ... | 2011 | 21233511 |
| peroxide stress elicits adaptive changes in bacterial metal ion homeostasis. | exposure to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and other reactive oxygen species is a universal feature of life in an aerobic environment. bacteria express enzymes to detoxify h(2)o(2) and to repair the resulting damage, and their synthesis is typically regulated by redox-sensing transcription factors. the best characterized bacterial peroxide-sensors are escherichia coli oxyr and bacillus subtilis perr. analysis of their regulons has revealed that, in addition to inducible detoxification enzymes, ada ... | 2011 | 20977351 |
| lipooligosaccharide of campylobacter jejuni: similarity with multiple types of mammalian glycans beyond gangliosides. | campylobacter jejuni is well known for synthesizing ganglioside mimics within the glycan component of its lipooligosaccharide (los), which have been implicated in triggering guillain-barré syndrome. we now confirm that this pathogen is capable of synthesizing a much broader spectrum of host glycolipid/glycoprotein mimics within its los. p blood group and paragloboside (lacto-n-neotetraose) antigen mimicry is exhibited by rm1221, a strain isolated from a poultry source. rm1503, a gastroenteritis- ... | 2011 | 21257763 |
| characterization of a t5-like coliphage, spc35, and differential development of resistance to spc35 in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli. | the potential of bacteriophage as an alternative biocontrol agent has recently been revisited due to the widespread occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. we isolated a virulent bacteriophage, spc35, that can infect both salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli. morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy and analysis of its 118,351-bp genome revealed that spc35 is a t5 group phage belonging to the family siphoviridae. btub, the outer membrane protein for ... | 2011 | 21257810 |
| the macrophage pattern recognition scavenger receptors sr-a and cd36 protect against microbial induced pregnancy loss. | microbial products can act via stress-induced signaling cascades to link dysregulated endogenous microbiota to immune activation (e.g., macrophages) and pregnancy loss. our previous studies demonstrated that mice deficient in the macrophage pattern recognition scavenger receptors, sr-a and cd36, are more susceptible to inflammatory complications including gut leakiness and experimental colitis. we hypothesized that bacterial penetration of the maternal mucosal surfaces and replication in embryon ... | 2011 | 20711846 |
| the macrophage pattern recognition scavenger receptors sr-a and cd36 protect against microbial induced pregnancy loss. | microbial products can act via stress-induced signaling cascades to link dysregulated endogenous microbiota to immune activation (e.g., macrophages) and pregnancy loss. our previous studies demonstrated that mice deficient in the macrophage pattern recognition scavenger receptors, sr-a and cd36, are more susceptible to inflammatory complications including gut leakiness and experimental colitis. we hypothesized that bacterial penetration of the maternal mucosal surfaces and replication in embryon ... | 2011 | 20711846 |
| evidence of broiler meat contamination with post-disinfection strains of campylobacter jejuni from slaughterhouse. | while cross-contamination from equipment and scalding water containing campylobacter jejuni is considered the main route of broiler carcass contamination during slaughtering, alternative sources of c. jejuni may have been overlooked because only a limited number of studies focus on sampling of one broiler flock along the entire food chain and not many include the slaughterhouse environment. in the present study we have traced the changes of c. jejuni genotypes within one broiler flock from the b ... | 2011 | 20647156 |
| expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in subplacental trophoblasts from guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) following infection with campylobacter jejuni. | toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (tlr2 and tlr4) are well-characterized cell surface receptors that recognize specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play an important role in pathogen recognition and activation of the innate immune system. variable expression of tlr2 and tlr4 has been described in trophoblasts from normal and diseased placentas; yet, there are limited data regarding trophoblast tlr expression in response to specific placental pathogens, and tlr expression in the guinea p ... | 2011 | 20634415 |
| a glycobiology review: carbohydrates, lectins and implications in cancer therapeutics. | this review is intended for general readers who would like a basic foundation in carbohydrate structure and function, lectin biology, and the implications of glycobiology in human health and disease, particularly in cancer therapeutics. these topics are among the hundreds included in the field of glycobiology and are treated here because they form the cornerstone of glycobiology or the focus of many advances in this rapidly expanding field. | 2011 | 20199800 |
| a glycobiology review: carbohydrates, lectins and implications in cancer therapeutics. | this review is intended for general readers who would like a basic foundation in carbohydrate structure and function, lectin biology, and the implications of glycobiology in human health and disease, particularly in cancer therapeutics. these topics are among the hundreds included in the field of glycobiology and are treated here because they form the cornerstone of glycobiology or the focus of many advances in this rapidly expanding field. | 2011 | 20199800 |
| carry-over of thermophilic campylobacter spp. between sequential and adjacent poultry flocks. | nineteen flocks of four poultry species were monitored at a veterinary field station to investigate the distribution and spread of campylobacter genotypes between sequential and adjacent flocks. caecal and liver samples were obtained at frequent intervals from birds of all flocks and examined for campylobacter. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was performed to genotype campylobacter isolates. of the 1643 caecal and liver samples investigated, 452 (27.5%) caecal samples and ... | 2011 | 20619560 |
| occurrences of thermophilic campylobacter in pigs slaughtered at morogoro slaughter slabs, tanzania. | occurrences of thermophlic campylobacter in pigs and pig carcasses was investigated in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in three selected slaughter slabs in morogoro municipality, tanzania. before sampling, the slab hygiene, slaughter, carcass dressing, and meat handling was assessed. fecal samples were collected from 66 slaughter pigs at the kill floor. after slaughter, a 100-cm(2) area on medial surface of the thigh muscles of dressed carcasses was sampled using sterile cotton swab ... | 2011 | 20730490 |
| tissue binding patterns and in vitro effects of campylobacter jejuni dna-binding protein from starved cells. | campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is frequently associated with axonal guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we reported that c. jejuni dna-binding protein from starved cells (c-dps) binds to and damages myelinated nerves in vivo. we studied the binding patterns of c-dps to nervous tissues and its in vitro effects on neural cells. immunohistochemically, c-dps labeled the nodes of ranvier, the outermost parts of internodal myelin and the basement membrane in the peripheral nerves, and neurons and myelin ... | 2011 | 20853141 |
| relaxed acceptor site specificity of bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase in vivo. | a number of proteobacteria carry the genetic information to perform n-linked glycosylation, but only the protein glycosylation (pgl) pathway of campylobacter jejuni has been studied to date. here, we report that the pgl gene cluster of campylobacter lari encodes for a functional glycosylation machinery that can be reconstituted in escherichia coli. we determined that the n-glycan produced in this system consisted of a linear hexasaccharide. we found that the oligosaccharyltransferase (ost) of c. ... | 2011 | 20847188 |
| systematic review of animal models of post-infectious/post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome. | post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) is a subset of ibs which occurs after an episode of acute gastrointestinal infections. the mechanisms of pi-ibs are not fully understood. currently, numerous animal models have been used in the study of pi-ibs. this article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of these models. | 2011 | 20848144 |
| simultaneous glycan-peptide characterization using hydrophilic interaction chromatography and parallel fragmentation by cid, higher energy collisional dissociation, and electron transfer dissociation ms applied to the n-linked glycoproteome of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is a gastrointestinal pathogen that is able to modify membrane and periplasmic proteins by the n-linked addition of a 7-residue glycan at the strict attachment motif (d/e)xnx(s/t). strategies for a comprehensive analysis of the targets of glycosylation, however, are hampered by the resistance of the glycan-peptide bond to enzymatic digestion or β-elimination and have previously concentrated on soluble glycoproteins compatible with lectin affinity and gel-based approaches. we ... | 2011 | 20360033 |
| cubic time algorithms of amalgamating gene trees and building evolutionary scenarios. | a long recognized problem is the inference of the supertree s that amalgamates a given set {g(j)} of trees g(j), with leaves in each g(j) being assigned homologous elements. we ground on an approach to find the tree s by minimizing the total cost of mappings α(j) of individual gene trees g(j) into s. traditionally, this cost is defined basically as a sum of duplications and gaps in each α(j). the classical problem is to minimize the total cost, where s runs over the set of all trees that contain ... | 2012 | 23259766 |
| molecular pathology of lymphoma. | ocular lymphomas can be divided into intraocular lymphomas and ocular adnexal lymphomas. the vitreoretinal lymphoma-usually a diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) of high-grade malignancy-is the most common lymphoid malignancy arising in the eye, while the extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (emzl), an indolent often recurrent tumour, occurs most frequently in the ocular adnexal tissue. the two lymphoma subtypes differ significantly in their clinical presentation, subsequent course and out ... | 2012 | 23222560 |
| molecular pathology of lymphoma. | ocular lymphomas can be divided into intraocular lymphomas and ocular adnexal lymphomas. the vitreoretinal lymphoma-usually a diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (dlbcl) of high-grade malignancy-is the most common lymphoid malignancy arising in the eye, while the extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (emzl), an indolent often recurrent tumour, occurs most frequently in the ocular adnexal tissue. the two lymphoma subtypes differ significantly in their clinical presentation, subsequent course and out ... | 2012 | 23222560 |
| experimental and natural infections in myd88- and irak-4-deficient mice and humans. | most toll-like-receptors (tlrs) and interleukin-1 receptors (il-1rs) signal via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (myd88) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (irak-4). the combined roles of these two receptor families in the course of experimental infections have been assessed in myd88- and irak-4-deficient mice for almost fifteen years. these animals have been shown to be susceptible to 46 pathogens: 27 bacteria, eight viruses, seven parasites, and four fungi. humans with i ... | 2012 | 23255009 |
| malt lymphoma in labial salivary gland biopsy from sjögren syndrome: importance of follow-up in early detection. | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphomas are known to occur in sjögren syndrome (ss) patients, but reported cases in labial salivary glands (lsg) are rare. we report a case of 60-year-old female patient with ss who developed malt lymphoma in the labial salivary glands during a 2-year time interval when she was participating in the sjögren's international clinical collaborative alliance, an ongoing longitudinal multisite observational study funded by the national institutes of health of ... | 2012 | 23157989 |
| malt lymphoma in labial salivary gland biopsy from sjögren syndrome: importance of follow-up in early detection. | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphomas are known to occur in sjögren syndrome (ss) patients, but reported cases in labial salivary glands (lsg) are rare. we report a case of 60-year-old female patient with ss who developed malt lymphoma in the labial salivary glands during a 2-year time interval when she was participating in the sjögren's international clinical collaborative alliance, an ongoing longitudinal multisite observational study funded by the national institutes of health of ... | 2012 | 23157989 |
| nod1 and nod2 signaling in infection and inflammation. | sensing intracellular pathogens is a process mediated by innate immune cells that is crucial for the induction of inflammatory processes and effective adaptive immune responses against pathogenic microbes. nod-like receptors (nlrs) comprise a family of intracellular pattern recognition receptors that are important for the recognition of damage and microbial-associated molecular patterns. nod1 and nod2 are specialized nlrs that participate in the recognition of a subset of pathogenic microorganis ... | 2012 | 23162548 |
| comparative transcriptional analysis of homologous pathogenic and non-pathogenic lawsonia intracellularis isolates in infected porcine cells. | lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy. this disease affects various animal species, including nonhuman primates, has been endemic in pigs, and is an emerging concern in horses. non-pathogenic variants obtained through multiple passages in vitro do not induce disease, but bacterial isolates at low passage induce clinical and pathological changes. we hypothesize that genes differentially expressed between pathogenic (passage 10) and non-pathogenic (passage 60 ... | 2012 | 23056413 |
| sigma factor n, liaison to an ntrc and rpos dependent regulatory pathway controlling acid resistance and the lee in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is dependent on acid resistance for gastric passage and low oral infectious dose, and the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) for intestinal colonization. mutation of rpon, encoding sigma factor n (σ(n)), dramatically alters the growth-phase dependent regulation of both acid resistance and the lee. this study reports on the determinants of σ(n)-directed acid resistance and lee expression, and the underlying mechanism attributable to this phenotype. glut ... | 2012 | 23029465 |
| current understanding of lifestyle and environmental factors and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma: an epidemiological update. | the incidence rates of non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) have steadily increased over the last several decades in the united states, and the temporal trends in incidence can only be partially explained by the hiv epidemic. in 1992, an international workshop sponsored by the united states national cancer institute concluded that there was an "emerging epidemic" of nhl and emphasized the need to investigate the factors responsible for the increasing incidence of this disease. over the past two decades, n ... | 2012 | 23008714 |
| genetics of borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochetes in the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies group cycle in nature between tick vectors and vertebrate hosts. the current assemblage of b. burgdorferi sensu lato, of which three species cause lyme disease in humans, originated from a rapid species radiation that occurred near the origin of the clade. all of these species share a unique genome structure that is highly segmented and predominantly composed of linear replicons. one of the circular plasmids is a prophage that ex ... | 2012 | 22974303 |
| identification of outer membrane proteins altered in response to uvc-radiation in vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus. | vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus, marine foodborne pathogens, were treated with uvc-radiation (240 j/m(2)) to evaluate alterations in their outer membrane protein profiles. outer membrane protein patterns of uvc-irradiated bacteria were found altered when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. altered proteins were identified by mass spectrometry (ms and ms/ms) and analysis revealed that ompw, ompa, long-chain fatty acid transport protein, outer membr ... | 2012 | 24293727 |
| reproductive clonality of pathogens: a perspective on pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasitic protozoa. | we propose that clonal evolution in micropathogens be defined as restrained recombination on an evolutionary scale, with genetic exchange scarce enough to not break the prevalent pattern of clonal population structure, a definition already widely used for all kinds of pathogens, although not clearly formulated by many scientists and rejected by others. the two main manifestations of clonal evolution are strong linkage disequilibrium (ld) and widespread genetic clustering ("near-clading"). we hyp ... | 2012 | 22949662 |
| indolent b-cell lymphomas associated with hcv infection: clinical and virological features and role of antiviral therapy. | the association between hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection and b-cell non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhl) has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies, in particular in highly endemic geographical areas such as italy, japan, and southern parts of united states. in these countries, together with diffuse large b-cell lymphomas, marginal zone lymphomas are the histotypes most frequently associated with hcv infection; in italy around 20-30% cases of marginal zone lymphomas are hcv positive. recently, a ... | 2012 | 22956970 |
| transforming clinical microbiology with bacterial genome sequencing. | whole-genome sequencing of bacteria has recently emerged as a cost-effective and convenient approach for addressing many microbiological questions. here, we review the current status of clinical microbiology and how it has already begun to be transformed by using next-generation sequencing. we focus on three essential tasks: identifying the species of an isolate, testing its properties, such as resistance to antibiotics and virulence, and monitoring the emergence and spread of bacterial pathogen ... | 2012 | 22868263 |
| meta-analysis of general bacterial subclades in whole-genome phylogenies using tree topology profiling. | in the last two decades, a large number of whole-genome phylogenies have been inferred to reconstruct the tree of life (tol). underlying data models range from gene or functionality content in species to phylogenetic gene family trees and multiple sequence alignments of concatenated protein sequences. diversity in data models together with the use of different tree reconstruction techniques, disruptive biological effects and the steadily increasing number of genomes have led to a huge diversity ... | 2012 | 22915837 |
| role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues. | sulfatide is 3-o-sulfogalactosylceramide that is synthesized by two transferases (ceramide galactosyltransferase and cerebroside sulfotransferase) from ceramide and is specifically degraded by a sulfatase (arylsulfatase a). sulfatide is a multifunctional molecule for various biological fields including the nervous system, insulin secretion, immune system, hemostasis/thrombosis, bacterial infection, and virus infection. therefore, abnormal metabolism or expression change of sulfatide could cause ... | 2012 | 22619219 |
| bacillus anthracis inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in action: the first bacterial series of structures of phosphate ion-, substrate-, and product-bound complexes. | inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes the first unique step of the gmp branch of the purine nucleotide biosynthetic pathway. this enzyme is found in organisms of all three kingdoms. impdh inhibitors have broad clinical applications in cancer treatment, as antiviral drugs and as immunosuppressants, and have also displayed antibiotic activity. we have determined three crystal structures of bacillus anthracis impdh, in a phosphate ion-bound (termed "apo") form and in complex with ... | 2012 | 22788966 |
| nutritional immunity: transition metals at the pathogen-host interface. | transition metals occupy an essential niche in biological systems. their electrostatic properties stabilize substrates or reaction intermediates in the active sites of enzymes, and their heightened reactivity is harnessed for catalysis. however, this heightened activity also renders transition metals toxic at high concentrations. bacteria, like all living organisms, must regulate their intracellular levels of these elements to satisfy their physiological needs while avoiding harm. it is therefor ... | 2012 | 22796883 |
| borrelia burgdorferi needs chemotaxis to establish infection in mammals and to accomplish its enzootic cycle. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, can be recovered from different organs of infected animals and patients, indicating that the spirochete is very invasive. motility and chemotaxis contribute to the invasiveness of b. burgdorferi and play important roles in the process of the disease. recent reports have shown that motility is required for establishing infection in mammals. however, the role of chemotaxis in virulence remains elusive. our previous studies showed that chea ... | 2012 | 22508862 |
| epidemiologic overview of malignant lymphoma. | malignant lymphoma encompasses a wide variety of distinct disease entities. it is generally more common in developed countries and less common in developing countries. the east asia region has one of the lowest incidence rates of malignant lymphoma. the incidence of malignant lymphoma around the world has been increasing at a rate of 3-4% over the last 4 decades, while some stabilization has been observed in developed countries in recent years. the reasons behind this lymphoma epidemic are poorl ... | 2012 | 22783355 |
| pharmacokinetics of an injectable long-acting formulation of doxycycline hyclate in dogs. | based on its pk/pd ratios, doxycycline hyclate (dox-h), a time-dependant antibacterial, is ideally expected to achieve both sustained plasma drug concentrations at or slightly above the mic level for as long as possible between dosing intervals. pursuing this end, a poloxamer-based matrix was used to produce a long-acting injectable preparation (dox-h-la) and its serum concentrations vs. time profile investigated after its sc injection to dogs (≤ 0.3 ml per injection site), and results compared ... | 2012 | 22682068 |
| structure and regulon of campylobacter jejuni ferric uptake regulator fur define apo-fur regulation. | the full regulatory potential of the ferric uptake regulator (fur) family of proteins remains undefined despite over 20 years of study. we report herein an integrated approach that combines both genome-wide technologies and structural studies to define the role of fur in campylobacter jejuni (cj). cjfur chip-chip assays identified 95 genomic loci bound by cjfur associated with functions as diverse as iron acquisition, flagellar biogenesis, and non-iron ion transport. comparative analysis with tr ... | 2012 | 22665794 |
| quantitative rt-pcr profiling of the rabbit immune response: assessment of acute shigella flexneri infection. | quantitative reverse transcription pcr analysis is an important tool to monitor changes in gene expression in animal models. the rabbit is a widely accepted and commonly used animal model in the study of human diseases and infections by viral, fungal, bacterial and protozoan pathogens. only a limited number of rabbit genes have, however, been analyzed by this method as the rabbit genome sequence remains unfinished. recently, increasing coverage of the genome has permitted the prediction of a gro ... | 2012 | 22675469 |
| investigations of selected historically important syndromic outbreaks: impact and lessons learned for public health preparedness and response. | public health readiness has increased at all jurisdictional levels because of increased sensitivity to threats. since 2001, with billions of dollars invested to bolster the public health system's capacity, the public expects that public health will identify the etiology of and respond to events more rapidly. however, when etiologies are unknown at the onset of the investigation but interventions must be implemented, public health practitioners must benefit from past investigations' lessons to st ... | 2012 | 22571706 |
| fructose degradation in the haloarchaeon haloferax volcanii involves a bacterial type phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, fructose-1-phosphate kinase, and class ii fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. | the halophilic archaeon haloferax volcanii utilizes fructose as a sole carbon and energy source. genes and enzymes involved in fructose uptake and degradation were identified by transcriptional analyses, deletion mutant experiments, and enzyme characterization. during growth on fructose, the gene cluster hvo_1495 to hvo_1499, encoding homologs of the five bacterial phosphotransferase system (pts) components enzyme iib (eiib), enzyme i (ei), histidine protein (hpr), eiia, and eiic, was highly upr ... | 2012 | 22493022 |
| flaa proteins in leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath. | spirochetes have periplasmic flagella composed of a core surrounded by a sheath. the pathogen leptospira interrogans has four flab (proposed core subunit) and two flaa (proposed sheath subunit) genes. the flaa genes are organized in a locus with flaa2 immediately upstream of flaa1. in this study, flaa1 and flaa2 mutants were constructed by transposon mutagenesis. both mutants still produced periplasmic flagella. the flaa1 mutant did not produce flaa1 but continued to produce flaa2 and retained n ... | 2012 | 22451522 |
| comparing the similarity of different groups of bacteria to the human proteome. | numerous aspects of the relationship between bacteria and human have been investigated. one aspect that has recently received attention is sequence overlap at the proteomic level. however, there has not yet been a study that comprehensively characterizes the level of sequence overlap between bacteria and human, especially as it relates to bacterial characteristics like pathogenicity, g-c content, and proteome size. in this study, we began by performing a general characterization of the range of ... | 2012 | 22558081 |
| bactquant: an enhanced broad-coverage bacterial quantitative real-time pcr assay. | bacterial load quantification is a critical component of bacterial community analysis, but a culture-independent method capable of detecting and quantifying diverse bacteria is needed. based on our analysis of a diverse collection of 16 s rrna gene sequences, we designed a broad-coverage quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay--bactquant--for quantifying 16 s rrna gene copy number and estimating bacterial load. we further utilized in silico evaluation to complement laboratory-based qpcr characte ... | 2012 | 22510143 |
| multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. | accurate strain identification is essential for anyone working with bacteria. for many species, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) is considered the "gold standard" of typing, but it is traditionally performed in an expensive and time-consuming manner. as the costs of whole-genome sequencing (wgs) continue to decline, it becomes increasingly available to scientists and routine diagnostic laboratories. currently, the cost is below that of traditional mlst. the new challenges will be how to extract ... | 2012 | 22238442 |
| involvement of multiple distinct bordetella receptor proteins in the utilization of iron liberated from transferrin by host catecholamine stress hormones. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a pathogen that can acquire iron using its native alcaligin siderophore system, but can also use the catechol xenosiderophore enterobactin via the bfea outer membrane receptor. transcription of bfea is positively controlled by a regulator that requires induction by enterobactin. catecholamine hormones also induce bfea transcription and b. bronchiseptica can use the catecholamine noradrenaline for growth on transferrin. in this study, b. bronchiseptica was shown to us ... | 2012 | 22458330 |
| zinc sequestration by the neutrophil protein calprotectin enhances salmonella growth in the inflamed gut. | neutrophils are innate immune cells that counter pathogens by many mechanisms, including release of antimicrobial proteins such as calprotectin to inhibit bacterial growth. calprotectin sequesters essential micronutrient metals such as zinc, thereby limiting their availability to microbes, a process termed nutritional immunity. we find that while calprotectin is induced by neutrophils during infection with the gut pathogen salmonella typhimurium, calprotectin-mediated metal sequestration does no ... | 2012 | 22423963 |
| pathogenetic importance and therapeutic implications of nf-κb in lymphoid malignancies. | derangement of the nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) pathway initiates and/or sustains many types of human cancer. b-cell malignancies are particularly affected by oncogenic mutations, translocations, and copy number alterations affecting key components the nf-κb pathway, most likely owing to the pervasive role of this pathway in normal b cells. these genetic aberrations cause tumors to be 'addicted' to nf-κb, which can be exploited therapeutically. since each subtype of lymphoid cancer utilizes differe ... | 2012 | 22435566 |
| the ambiguity in immunology. | in the present article, we discuss the various ambiguous aspects of the immune system that render this complex biological network so highly flexible and able to defend the host from different external invaders. this ambiguity stems mainly from the property of the immune system to be both protective and harmful. immunity cannot be fully protective without producing a certain degree of damage (immunopathology) to the host. the balance between protection and tissue damage is, therefore, critical fo ... | 2012 | 22566903 |
| inherited variation in pattern recognition receptors and cancer: dangerous liaisons? | the group of pattern recognition receptors includes families of toll-like receptors, nod-like receptors, c-type lectin receptors, and rig-i-like receptors. they are key sensors for a number of infectious agents, some of which are carcinogenic, and they launch an immune response against them. inherited structural variation in genes encoding these receptors and proteins of their signaling pathways may affect their function, modulating cancer risk and features of cancer progression. relevant malign ... | 2012 | 22427729 |
| molecular mimicry as a mechanism of autoimmune disease. | a variety of mechanisms have been suggested as the means by which infections can initiate and/or exacerbate autoimmune diseases. one mechanism is molecular mimicry, where a foreign antigen shares sequence or structural similarities with self-antigens. molecular mimicry has typically been characterized on an antibody or t cell level. however, structural relatedness between pathogen and self does not account for t cell activation in a number of autoimmune diseases. a proposed mechanism that could ... | 2012 | 22095454 |
| elemental economy: microbial strategies for optimizing growth in the face of nutrient limitation. | microorganisms play a dominant role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. they are rightly praised for their facility for fixing both carbon and nitrogen into organic matter, and microbial driven processes have tangibly altered the chemical composition of the biosphere and its surrounding atmosphere. despite their prodigious capacity for molecular transformations, microorganisms are powerless in the face of the immutability of the elements. limitations for specific elements, either fleetin ... | 2012 | 22633059 |
| proteome-wide protein interaction measurements of bacterial proteins of unknown function. | despite the enormous proliferation of bacterial genome data, surprisingly persistent collections of bacterial proteins have resisted functional annotation. in a typical genome, roughly 30% of genes have no assigned function. many of these proteins are conserved across a large number of bacterial genomes. to assign a putative function to these conserved proteins of unknown function, we created a physical interaction map by measuring biophysical interaction of these proteins. binary protein--prote ... | 2012 | 23267104 |
| proteome-wide protein interaction measurements of bacterial proteins of unknown function. | despite the enormous proliferation of bacterial genome data, surprisingly persistent collections of bacterial proteins have resisted functional annotation. in a typical genome, roughly 30% of genes have no assigned function. many of these proteins are conserved across a large number of bacterial genomes. to assign a putative function to these conserved proteins of unknown function, we created a physical interaction map by measuring biophysical interaction of these proteins. binary protein--prote ... | 2012 | 23267104 |
| the protein interaction network of a taxis signal transduction system in a halophilic archaeon. | the taxis signaling system of the extreme halophilic archaeon halobacterium (hbt.) salinarum differs in several aspects from its model bacterial counterparts escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. we studied the protein interactions in the hbt. salinarum taxis signaling system to gain an understanding of its structure, to gain knowledge about its known components and to search for new members. | 2012 | 23171228 |
| immune development and intestinal microbiota in celiac disease. | celiac disease (cd) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. the etiology of this disorder is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. the major genetic risk factor for cd is represented by hla-dq genes, which account for approximately 40% of the genetic risk; however, only a small percentage of carriers develop the disease. gluten is the main environmental factor responsi ... | 2012 | 23008734 |
| lab-on-a-chip pathogen sensors for food safety. | there have been a number of cases of foodborne illness among humans that are caused by pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, etc. the current practices to detect such pathogenic agents are cell culturing, immunoassays, or polymerase chain reactions (pcrs). these methods are essentially laboratory-based methods that are not at all real-time and thus unavailable for early-monitoring of such pathogens. they are also very difficult to implement in the field. lab-on-a-ch ... | 2012 | 23112625 |
| reduced set of virulence genes allows high accuracy prediction of bacterial pathogenicity in humans. | although there have been great advances in understanding bacterial pathogenesis, there is still a lack of integrative information about what makes a bacterium a human pathogen. the advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has dramatically increased the amount of completed bacterial genomes, for both known human pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains; this information is now available to investigate genetic features that determine pathogenic phenotypes in bacteria. in this work we determi ... | 2012 | 22916122 |
| rsfa (ybeb) proteins are conserved ribosomal silencing factors. | the ybeb (duf143) family of uncharacterized proteins is encoded by almost all bacterial and eukaryotic genomes but not archaea. while they have been shown to be associated with ribosomes, their molecular function remains unclear. here we show that ybeb is a ribosomal silencing factor (rsfa) in the stationary growth phase and during the transition from rich to poor media. a knock-out of the rsfa gene shows two strong phenotypes: (i) the viability of the mutant cells are sharply impaired during st ... | 2012 | 22829778 |
| diversity in genetic in vivo methods for protein-protein interaction studies: from the yeast two-hybrid system to the mammalian split-luciferase system. | the yeast two-hybrid system pioneered the field of in vivo protein-protein interaction methods and undisputedly gave rise to a palette of ingenious techniques that are constantly pushing further the limits of the original method. sensitivity and selectivity have improved because of various technical tricks and experimental designs. here we present an exhaustive overview of the genetic approaches available to study in vivo binary protein interactions, based on two-hybrid and protein fragment comp ... | 2012 | 22688816 |
| inferring a protein interaction map of mycobacterium tuberculosis based on sequences and interologs. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is an infectious bacterium posing serious threats to human health. due to the difficulty in performing molecular biology experiments to detect protein interactions, reconstruction of a protein interaction map of m. tuberculosis by computational methods will provide crucial information to understand the biological processes in the pathogenic microorganism, as well as provide the framework upon which new therapeutic approaches can be developed. | 2012 | 22595003 |
| the iron-regulated staphylococcal lipoproteins. | lipoproteins fulfill diverse roles in antibiotic resistance, adhesion, protein secretion, signaling and sensing, and many also serve as the substrate binding protein (sbp) partner to abc transporters for the acquisition of a diverse array of nutrients including peptides, sugars, and scarcely abundant metals. in the staphylococci, the iron-regulated sbps are significantly upregulated during iron starvation and function to sequester and deliver iron into the bacterial cell, enabling staphylococci ... | 2012 | 22919632 |
| coevolution of aah: a dps-like gene with the host bacterium revealed by comparative genomic analysis. | a protein named aah was isolated from the bacterium microbacterium arborescens se14, a gut commensal of the lepidopteran larvae. it showed not only a high sequence similarity to dps-like proteins (dna-binding proteins from starved cell) but also reversible hydrolase activity. a comparative genomic analysis was performed to gain more insights into its evolution. the gc profile of the aah gene indicated that it was evolved from a low gc ancestor. its stop codon usage was also different from the ge ... | 2012 | 22454608 |
| whole genome sequences of three treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue strains: yaws and syphilis treponemes differ in less than 0.2% of the genome sequence. | the yaws treponemes, treponema pallidum ssp. pertenue (tpe) strains, are closely related to syphilis causing strains of treponema pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa). both yaws and syphilis are distinguished on the basis of epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, and several genetic signatures of the corresponding causative agents. | 2012 | 22292095 |
| structure determination of lpxa from the lipopolysaccharide-synthesis pathway of acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium which is resistant to most currently available antibiotics and that poses a significant health threat to hospital patients. lpxa is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the lipopolysaccharides that are components of the bacterial outer membrane. it is a potential target for antibacterial agents that might be used to fight a. baumannii infections. this paper describes the structure determination of the apo form of lpxa in spac ... | 2012 | 23192027 |
| quantification of bacterial indicators and zoonotic pathogens in dairy wastewater ponds. | zoonotic pathogens in land-applied dairy wastewaters are a potential health risk. the occurrence and abundance of 10 pathogens and 3 fecal indicators were determined by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) in samples from 30 dairy wastewaters from southern idaho. samples tested positive for campylobacter jejuni, stx(1)- and eaea-positive escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and salmonella enterica, with mean recoveries of genomic dna corresponding t ... | 2012 | 22983964 |
| extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease. | global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. we conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. four medical and meteorological databases (medline, embase, georef, pubmed) and a global electronic reporting system (promed) were searc ... | 2012 | 22877498 |
| extreme water-related weather events and waterborne disease. | global climate change is expected to affect the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme water-related weather events such as excessive precipitation, floods, and drought. we conducted a systematic review to examine waterborne outbreaks following such events and explored their distribution between the different types of extreme water-related weather events. four medical and meteorological databases (medline, embase, georef, pubmed) and a global electronic reporting system (promed) were searc ... | 2012 | 22877498 |
| expression of sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids in leptospira. | sialic acids are negatively charged nine carbon backbone sugars expressed on mammalian cell surfaces. sialic acids are part of a larger family of nonulosonic acid (nulo) molecules that includes pseudaminic and legionaminic acids. microbial expression of sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids has been shown to contribute to host-microbe interactions in a variety of contexts, including participation in colonization, immune subversion, and behaviors such as biofilm formation, autoagglutination an ... | 2012 | 22853805 |
| improved adhesive properties of recombinant bifidobacteria expressing the bifidobacterium bifidum-specific lipoprotein bopa. | bifidobacteria belong to one of the predominant bacterial groups in the intestinal microbiota of infants and adults. several beneficial effects on the health status of their human hosts have been demonstrated making bifidobacteria interesting candidates for probiotic applications. adhesion of probiotics to the intestinal epithelium is discussed as a prerequisite for colonisation of and persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. | 2012 | 22694891 |
| evaluation and comparison of native and recombinant lipl21 protein-based elisas for diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. | a 21-kda leptospiral lipoprotein (lipl21) was evaluated for its diagnostic potential to detect bovine leptospirosis by elisa. both native lipl21 (nlipl21) and recombinant lipl21 (rlipl21) proteins were tested and compared regarding diagnostic efficiency, and no statistically significant difference was observed. the sensitivity of rlipl21 elisa for 62 microscopic agglutination test (mat) positive sera was 100% and the specificity with 378 mat negative sera was 97.09%. thus, rlipl21 protein-based ... | 2012 | 22437542 |
| biophysical and bioinformatic analyses implicate the treponema pallidum tp34 lipoprotein (tp0971) in transition metal homeostasis. | metal ion homeostasis is a critical function of many integral and peripheral membrane proteins. the genome of the etiologic agent of syphilis, treponema pallidum, is compact and devoid of many metabolic enzyme genes. nevertheless, it harbors genes coding for homologs of several enzymes that typically require either iron or zinc. the product of the tp0971 gene of t. pallidum, designated tp34, is a periplasmic lipoprotein that is thought to be tethered to the inner membrane of this organism. previ ... | 2012 | 23042995 |
| analysis of the salivary microbiome using culture-independent techniques. | the salivary microbiota is a potential diagnostic indicator of several diseases. culture-independent techniques are required to study the salivary microbial community since many of its members have not been cultivated. | 2012 | 22300522 |
| molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling of campylobacter isolated from cattle in polish slaughterhouses. | a total of 812 samples from bovine hides and the corresponding carcasses collected at the slaughterhouse level in the eastern part of poland were examined for the presence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. recovered isolates were confirmed using species-specific pcr, characterized by the presence of 11 putative virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a microbroth dilution method. furthermore, the genotypic relatedness of the isolates was determined by ... | 2012 | 23498189 |
| toward integrative genomics study of genetic resistance to salmonella and campylobacter intestinal colonization in fowl. | salmonella enterica serotypes enteritidis and typhimurium and campylobacter jejuni are responsible for most cases of food poisoning in europe. these bacteria do not cause severe disease symptoms in chicken, but they are easily propagated by symptomless chicken carriers which cannot be easily isolated. this animal tolerance is detrimental to food safety. in this particular case, increasing animal's resistance is not sufficient, since some animals considered as resistant are able to carry bacteria ... | 2012 | 23412643 |
| chronic lyme disease and co-infections: differential diagnosis. | in lyme disease concurrent infections frequently occur. the clinical and pathological impact of co-infections was first recognized in the 1990th, i.e. approximately ten years after the discovery of lyme disease. their pathological synergism can exacerbate lyme disease or induce similar disease manifestations. co-infecting agents can be transmitted together with borrelia burgdorferi by tick bite resulting in multiple infections but a fraction of co-infections occur independently of tick bite. cli ... | 2012 | 23400696 |
| a longitudinal study on thermophilic campylobacter spp. in commercial turkey flocks in northern italy: occurrence and genetic diversity. | poultry are recognized as a main reservoir of thermophilic campylobacters, but few studies have been carried out on commercial meat turkeys. this study was aimed at assessing the occurrence of thermophilic campylobacter spp., their genetic diversity, and the trend of the infection during the whole production cycle of three turkey flocks from different farms in northern italy. flocks were monitored from the time of housing 1-day-old poults to slaughter time by collecting samples (meconium and clo ... | 2012 | 23397840 |
| determination of antimicrobial sensitivities of campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey farms in germany. | the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among campylobacter isolates recovered from turkeys has increased dramatically. monitoring the progress of this resistance becomes a growing public health issue. the aim of the present study was to provide information of the current status of antibiotic resistance patterns in campylobacter jejuni from turkeys. seventy-six c. jejuni isolates were recovered from 67 epidemiologically unrelated meat turkey flocks in different regions of germany in 2010 and 2 ... | 2012 | 23397839 |
| actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction. | actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. the purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection and identification of a. suis and then compare these results with traditional isolation methods. bacterial isolation and pcr were performed on one hundred and ... | 2012 | 23346017 |
| clinical and microbiological profile of hiv/aids cases with diarrhea in north india. | intestinal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in people living with hiv/aids (plwha) especially in developing countries. the present study was conducted to assess the clinical and microbiological spectrum in hiv/aids cases with diarrhea and to correlate the occurrence of such pathogens with stool characters, hiv seropositivity status, and cd4 counts. stools from 154 hiv seropositive subjects and 50 hiv negative controls were examined by direct microscopy, fecal culture ... | 2012 | 23326669 |
| development of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli adapted to biocides. | the potential for adaptive resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli after step-wise exposure to increasing sub-inhibitory concentrations of five biocides as triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate and trisodium phosphate, was investigated, to identify the mechanisms underlying resistance. the biocide resistance and cross-resistance to the antimicrobials erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, and to sodium dodecyl sulphate, were examined accor ... | 2012 | 23290239 |
| anti-campylobacter activities and resistance mechanisms of natural phenolic compounds in campylobacter. | campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and alternative antimicrobials are needed to prevent or decrease campylobacter contamination in foods or food producing animals. the objectives of this study are to define the anti-campylobacter activities of natural phenolic compounds of plant origin and to determine the roles of bacterial drug efflux systems in the resistance to these natural phenolics in campylobacter jejuni. | 2012 | 23284770 |
| the adjuvant double mutant escherichia coli heat labile toxin enhances il-17a production in human t cells specific for bacterial vaccine antigens. | the strong adjuvant activity and low enterotoxicity of the novel mucosal adjuvant double mutant escherichia coli heat labile toxin, lt(r192g/l211a) or dmlt, demonstrated in mice, makes this molecule a promising adjuvant candidate. however, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the adjuvant effect of dmlt or whether dmlt also has an adjuvant function in humans. we investigated the effect of dmlt on human t cell responses to different bacterial vaccine antigens: the mycobacterial pu ... | 2012 | 23284753 |
| serologic responses to recombinant pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein among ugandan patients with respiratory symptoms. | little is known about the serologic responses to pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (msg) antigen in african cohorts, or the igm responses to msg in hiv-positive and hiv-negative persons with respiratory symptoms. | 2012 | 23284710 |