Publications

in vitro antimicrobial activities of lactoferrin, its concomitant use with cefpodoxime proxetil and clinical effect of cefpodoxime proxetil.	as one of the biodefense mechanisms, lactoferrin (lfn) in the secreta of female genital organ may be an interesting biological material in view of its antimicrobial activity. in the present study, we investigated antimicrobial activities of lfn and its combination with cefpodoxime proxetil (cpdx-pr), we also as evaluated clinical effect of cpdx-pr. the following results were obtained. 1. antimicrobial activities of lfn were tested against 15 strains of 10 species of bacteria, and potent activiti ...	1993	8360983
resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in barbados.	resistance to third-generation, or extended-spectrum, cephalosporins caused by induction of class i beta-lactamases has been reported rarely from developing countries. seven isolates of cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative rods were recovered recently from urine, burns and ulcers in the queen elizabeth hospital, barbados. the isolates were identified as acinetobacter calcoaceticus (2), citrobacter freundii (1), enterobacter cloacae (1), morganella morganii (1), providencia stuartii (1) and prot ...	1993	8367967
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of e-4868, a new fluoroquinolone with a 7-azetidin ring substituent.	e-4868, (-)-7-[3-(r)-amino-2-(s)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-1-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid, is a new fluoroquinolone with an azetidine moiety at the 7 position. the in vitro activity of e-4868 has been compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and fleroxacin, while the activity of ciprofloxacin was used as reference for in vivo studies. the mics of e-4868 for 90% of the isolates tested (mic90s) were 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml against gram-positive or ...	1993	8388202
in vitro activity of e-4868, a new trifluoroquinolone, compared to six similar compounds.	the compound e-4868 (laboratorios dr. esteve) is a trifluoro, 7-azetidinyl quinolone with properties resembling those of other fluoroquinolones. its activity in vitro was compared to that of six other similar drugs against more than 700 nosocomial isolates using standard methods. the mic50s of e-4868 for enteric bacilli ranged from 0.015 to 0.25 micrograms/ml, being highest for providencia spp. pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were two-fold more susceptible to e-4868 than to ofloxacin. mics of e-4 ...	1993	8388792
characterization and transcriptional regulation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene from providencia stuartii.	we have cloned the chromosomally encoded 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene [aac(2')-ia] from providencia stuartii. dna sequence analysis of the cloned insert identified a single open reading frame, which is capable of encoding a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 20,073 da. the deduced aac(2')-ia protein showed no significant homology to other proteins, including all of the aac(3) and aac(6') proteins. primer extension analysis was used to identify the aac(2')-ia promoter, which contained an u ...	1993	8407825
characterization of a plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster found in members of the family enterobacteriaceae.	plasmid-encoded urease gene clusters found in uropathogenic isolates of escherichia coli, providencia stuartii, and salmonella cubana demonstrated dna homology, similar positions of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, and manners of urease expression and therefore represent the same locus. dna sequence analysis indicated that the plasmid-encoded urease genes are closely related to the proteus mirabilis urease genes.	1993	8449894
phenylacetate-coenzyme a ligase is induced during growth on phenylacetic acid in different bacteria of several genera.	nine different bacterial strains that utilise phenylacetic acid as the only carbon and energy source were isolated from samples of different geographical origin. the isolates were characterised taxonomically and physiologically. evidence is presented that in all the isolates as well as in four previously isolated control strains with the ability to utilize phenylacetic acid, the enzyme phenylacetate-coa ligase is specifically induced during growth on phenylacetic acid. the michaelis constant (km ...	1993	8472917
alpha-keto acids are novel siderophores in the genera proteus, providencia, and morganella and are produced by amino acid deaminases.	growth promotion and iron transport studies revealed that certain alpha-keto acids generated by amino acid deaminases, by enterobacteria of the proteus-providencia-morganella group (of the tribe proteeae), show significant siderophore activity. their iron-binding properties were confirmed by the chrome azurol s assay and uv spectra. these compounds form ligand-to-metal charge transfer bands in the range of 400 to 500 nm. additional absorption bands of the enolized ligands at 500 to 700 nm are re ...	1993	8478334
resistance to the antimicrobial agents of bacteria isolated from non-sterile pharmaceuticals.	the in vitro antimicrobial resistance of 391 bacterial strains isolated from 389 samples of oral and topical medicaments was examined. the numbers of strains isolated (and percentage of samples that present them) were: 234 bacillus (32.1%), 79 staphylococcus (13.6%), 46 micrococcus (11.3%), nine pseudomonas (1.5%), eight acinetobacter (1.5%), five enterococcus (1.2%), three alcaligenes (0.8%), two escherichia and enterobacter (0.5%), one each providencia, serratia and streptococcus (0.2%). gram- ...	1993	8486563
potent inhibitory action of the gastric proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole against urease activity of helicobacter pylori: unique action selective for h. pylori cells.	the gastric proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole, its active analog ag-2000, and omeprazole dose dependently inhibited urease activity extracted with distilled water from helicobacter pylori cells; the 50% inhibitory concentrations were between 3.6 and 9.5 microm, which were more potent than those of urease inhibitors, such as acetohydroxamic acid, hydroxyurea, and thiourea. these compounds also inhibited urease activity in intact cells of h. pylori and helicobacter mustelae but did not inhibit ur ...	1993	8494373
the plasmid-encoded urease gene cluster of the family enterobacteriaceae is positively regulated by urer, a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators.	ureolytic clinical isolates of providencia stuartii, salmonella spp., and some escherichia coli strains contain large urease-encoding plasmids. expression of urease activity from these isolates is induced at least 20-fold by urea. in order to facilitate studies on the regulatory mechanism controlling this urea-inducible expression, the plasmid-encoded urease genes were inserted into the low-copy-number vector prk415, to form psef70. deletion mutagenesis of psef70 demonstrated that between 1.3 an ...	1993	8501050
sequence of the providencia rettgeri lexa gene and its control region.		1993	8502572
comparative antibacterial activity of the aminothiazolyl cephalosporin ru 29,246.	a total of 1,007 clinical isolates from a tertiary care center were tested against ru 29,246, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, augmentin, oxacillin, piperacillin, gentamicin, amikacin and vancomycin. bacteria tested consisted of 479 strains of enterobacteriaceae, 64 pseudomonads, 18 xanthomonas, 42 other gram-negative bacilli, 56 enterococci and 348 isolates of staphylococci. ru 29,246 showed excellent in vitro activity inhibiting > 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, ...	1993	8508687
rapid access to pharmacokinetics data and correlation between antimicrobial susceptibility results and drug tissue distribution using a personal computer.	mymic is a computer-aided system capable of integrating antibiotic susceptibility data with the concentrations the drugs reach in various body tissues and fluids by calculating site concentration/minimal inhibitory concentration quotients. the program can be run on any low-cost personal computer operating under ms-dos, provided it is equipped with a hard-disk drive and with a minimum of 512 kilobytes of random access memory. the use of the program does not require any knowledge of computer langu ...	1993	8510569
[antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the proteeae in japan, 1989].	we discussed the antimicrobial susceptibilities of proteeae isolated in japan, 1989. eight hundred six clinical isolates were collected from 47 hospitals. these were comprised of 431 strains of proteus mirabilis, 155 proteus vulgaris, 154 morganella morganii, 44 providencia rettgeri and 22 providencia stuartii. antibiotics tested in this study were 2 penicillins, 5 cephems, 1 carbapenem and 2 aminoglycosides. the mic's were determined using the standard method of the japan society of chemotherap ...	1993	8515560
in vitro activity of three carbapenem antibiotics. comparative studies with biapenem (l-627), imipenem, and meropenem against aerobic pathogens isolated worldwide.	the in vitro activity of biapenem (formerly l-627 or ljc10, 627), a new carbapenem, was compared with that of imipenem and meropenem against > 6000 clinically significant pathogens isolated in six countries worldwide. biapenem was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae with a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic90) ranging from < or = 0.06 to 2 micrograms/ml. only serratia spp. and providencia spp. were less susceptible (mic90, 8 micrograms/ml). pseudomonas aeruginosa and x ...	1993	8112045
multipoint identification of enterobacteriaceae: report of the british society for microbial technology collaborative study.	to evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of multipoint identification schemes in a multicentre trial.	1993	8157751
[susceptibility of proteus, morganella and providencia strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections on bactericidal activity of normal human serum].	usefulness of the test determining bactericidal activity of normal human serum was investigated with 50 strains of proteus, morganella and providencia isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (uti) and with 50 strains isolated from feces. it was found that strains from uti were more frequently resistant to the action of normal human serum (50% resistant) in comparison with strains isolated from feces (30% resistant). strains of proteus belonging to four species were differing greatly ...	1993	8189801
colonization of urinary catheters by escherichia coli and providencia stuartii in a laboratory model system.	a laboratory model system was developed to investigate the progressive colonization of urinary catheters by escherichia coli providencia stuartii, prominent organisms in the polymicrobial bacteriuria of the long-term catheterized urinary tract. we hypothesized that colonization of the catheter and artificial urine by e. coli is influenced by the presence of p. stuartii. e. coli or p. stuartii in pure culture both rapidly colonized the artificial urine and catheters, and both persisted throughout ...	1994	8201673
predictive accuracy of disk diffusion test for proteus vulgaris and providencia species against five newer orally administered cephalosporins, cefdinir, cefetamet, cefprozil, cefuroxime, and loracarbef.	three members of the tribe proteeae (proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, and providencia stuartii) were tested against five newer orally administered cephalosporins (cefdinir, cefprozil, cefuroxime, cefetamet, and loracarbef) by the disk diffusion and reference broth microdilution methods. one hundred strains of these organisms were tested to confirm the excessive interpretive error rates that previously had been noted for the disk diffusion test. the results indicate that the suggested disk ...	1994	8150976
[bacterial resistance to antibiotics in the czech republic. the working group for monitoring resistance in the czech republic].	in 1991 the authors made an investigation on the resistance of clinically important bacteria. seventeen antibiotic centres in the czech republic participated in the investigation. the resistance to antibiotics of 32,567 strains of twelve bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients depends on 1. the type of bacteria and antibiotics, 2. the source (specimen of pathological material) and 3. the locality (hospital). the resistance of staphylococcus aureus to oxacillin with the exception of ...	1994	8111828
comparative in vitro activity of fk-037, a new cephalosporin antibiotic.	the in vitro activity of fk-037, a novel parenteral oxime-type cephalosporin, was compared with that of cefepime, cefpirome, ceftazidime, imipenem, and gentamicin against a total of 668 recent clinical isolates. minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure, and all isolates were tested at two inocula (10(4) and 10(6) colony forming units). fk-037 inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella species, proteus mirabilis, p. vulgaris, morganell ...	1994	7867295
cefquinome (hr 111v). in vitro evaluation of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin indicated for infections in animals.	cefquinome (formerly hr 111v), an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime, cefpirome, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime against 681 clinical cultures and a challenge set of bacteria with well-characterized resistance mechanisms. cefquinome minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90) for the enterobacteriaceae ranged from < or = 0.12-2 micrograms/ml with the highest mic (4 micrograms/ml) obtained among citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and providencia stuartii strains. a total ...	1994	7867299
update of lomefloxacin in vitro activity and spectrum. a multicenter trial testing contemporary pathogens following food and drug administration validation guidelines. lomefloxacin activity study group.	the united states food and drug administration recently recommended that the antimicrobial product package insert (ppi) subsection on microbiology be annually validated with regard to the compound's spectrum and potency. to address this request, a nine-laboratory trial was organized to test (two methods) lomefloxacin, a newer fluoroquinolone, and nine comparison drugs against ppi-listed pathogens (1934 strains). a broad geographic sampling (nine medical centers) was achieved, and lomefloxacin wa ...	1994	7867311
microbiological surveillance during selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd)	the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) as prophylaxis against nosocomial respiratory tract infection remains controversial, largely because of concerns that, in the long term, it may promote the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. this report describes the results of surveillance cultures and susceptibility testing undertaken during the course of a 2-year, double-blind study of the efficacy of sdd which was conducted in a respiratory intensive care unit (icu). s ...	1994	7868405
in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone cp-99,219.	the in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone cp-99,219 [7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)naphthyridone] was compared with those of four other quinolones against 541 gram-negative, 283 gram-positive, and 70 anaerobic bacterial isolates. cp-99,219 inhibited 90% of many isolates in the family enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml (range, < 0.008 to 1 microgram/ml), an activity comparable to those of tosufloxacin and sparfloxacin and two times greater than that of temaflo ...	1994	7872757
[the isolation and acylase (n-acylamino acid amidohydrolase) characteristics of providencia alcalifaciens].		1994	7879514
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic.	the antibacterial activity of sy5555, a new oral penem antibiotic, was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and cefteram. sy5555 was more active than the comparison agents against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, clostridium spp., and bacteroides fragilis. against providencia spp., proteus spp., and haemophi ...	1994	7811005
isolation of three hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading species of the family enterobacteriaceae from nitramine explosive-contaminated soil.	three species of the family enterobacteriaceae that biochemically reduced hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (hmx) were isolated from nitramine explosive-contaminated soil. two isolates, identified as morganella morganii and providencia rettgeri, completely transformed both rdx and the nitroso-rdx reduction intermediates. the third isolate, identified as citrobacter freundii, partially transformed rdx and generated high concentratio ...	1994	7811097
[current status of resistance of bacteria to pefloxacin in hospital units. cross resistance with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. results of a multicenter study].	the antibacterial activities of pefloxacin (pef), ofloxacin (ofl), ciprofloxacin (cip) were measured by agar diffusion (5 micrograms strength disks) against 6370 non duplicate clinical isolates collected in november 1991 in 40 hospitals from various areas in france. the mics of pef, ofl and cip were determined by agar dilution against intermediate or resistant strains to one of the three antibiotics (inhibition zone < 16 mm for pef, ofl, < 19 mm for cip). in the enterobacteriaceae the overall in ...	1994	7824298
enteropathogens associated with acute diarrhoeal diseases.	five types of escherichia coli are responsible for as much as 25% of all diarrheal diseases in developing countries. they tend to be transmitted via contaminated foods, particularly weaning foods, and water. they include enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroadherent, enteroinvasive, and enterohemorrhagic e. coli. shigella species are responsible for 10-15% of acute diarrheas in children less than 5 years old and the most common etiologic agents of childhood dysentery. shigellosis is common i ...	1994	7835992
comparative microbiological activity and pharmacokinetics of cefprozil.	in vitro studies on the activity of cefprozil have been conducted in europe and north america. against gram-negative bacilli, cefprozil and cefaclor are at least two to four times more active than cephalexin. cefixime is more active against these organisms. against gram-positive cocci, cefprozil is at least two to four times more active than cefaclor and cephalexin; cefixime has limited gram-positive activity, and is particularly inactive against staphylococci (mic90 32 mg/l). cefprozil is highl ...	1994	7889957
molecular epidemiology of catheter-associated bacteriuria in nursing home patients.	urine samples from 19 nursing home patients with long-term urinary catheters were cultured every 3 months for 18 months. providencia stuartii, present in 74% of the elderly and in 59% of urine specimens, was the most frequently isolated bacteria. the persistence of p. stuartii was significantly higher among females than among males. in order to study the epidemiology of bacteriuria in this nursing home, bacteria were characterized by biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and rest ...	1994	7913094
antimicrobial activity of fk-037, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. international in vitro comparison with cefepime and ceftazidime.	the in vitro activity of fk-037, a new parenteral 7-aminothiazolyl-methoxyimino cephalosporin, was compared with cefepime and ceftazidime against 6094 aerobic isolates collected in six medical centers worldwide. fk-037 demonstrated potent activity against the enterobacteriaceae family except for some enterobacter spp., providencia spp., and serratia liquefaciens (mic90s, > or = 16 micrograms/ml). against nonenteric gram-negative bacilli, all compounds tested showed similar, but more limited acti ...	1994	7924209
multicenter in vitro comparative study of fluoroquinolones after four years of widespread clinical use.	in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, and seven other oral antimicrobials including amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (a/c), oxacillin, cefaclor, cefixime, cefuroxime, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (t/s) were evaluated against 1708 fresh bacterial isolates from four hospital laboratories approximately 4 years after the introduction of ciprofloxacin. t/s and ofloxacin had the lowest mic90s and greatest percentage of susceptible strains overall, fol ...	1994	7924211
prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in europe. study group 'bacterial resistance' of the paul-ehrlich-society for chemotherapy e. v.	since 1984, when the first fluoroquinolone, norfloxacin, was marketed in europe, there has been a marked increase in the usage of this class of drugs. in order to evaluate the influence of this drug usage on the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococcus faecalis we reviewed the susceptibility data from four collaborative surveys conducted betw ...	1994	7927836
[antibacterial activities of isepamicin against fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli].	to investigate antibacterial activities of isepamicin (isp), mics of isp as well as other aminoglycosides (ags) were determined against many strains of gram-negative bacilli that were clinically isolated in 1993. 1. no isp-resistant strains were observed among isolates of escherichia coli, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp. or proteus mirabilis. 2. isp-resistant strains were observed among isolates of citrobacter freundii, serratia spp., proteus vulgaris, morganella morgani ...	1994	7933534
unique fimbriae-like structures encoded by sefd of the sef14 fimbrial gene cluster of salmonella enteritidis.	the sef14 gene cluster of salmonella enteritidis was recently shown to contain three genes, sefabc, encoding a unique fimbrin, and proteins homologous to fimbrial chaperones and outer membrane proteins (ushers), respectively. a fourth open reading frame, designated sefd, was found immediately downstream of sefabc and overlapping sefc. the translated protein sequence of sefd was unique, but the composition was similar to that of other bacterial fimbriae. sefd was produced in abundance by wild-typ ...	1994	7934897
microbiological studies of abscesses complicating bothrops snakebite in humans: a prospective study.	forty patients with abscesses at the site of bothrops bite were evaluated. ten brought the snake responsible for the bite, bothrops jararaca in all cases. on admission a sample was collected from each case for aerobic and anaerobic culture, and no abscesses drained spontaneously. none of the patients had received antibacterial therapy at this time. the bacteria most frequently isolated were morganella morganii (23 patients), providencia rettgeri (7) enterobacter sp. (4), escherichia coli (3), gr ...	1994	7940580
rapid identification of micro-organisms from urinary tract infections by beta-glucuronidase, phenylalanine deaminase, cytochrome oxidase and indole tests on isolation media.	two commercially available media recommended for the isolation and rapid identification of escherichia coli from urinary tract infections were supplemented with l-phenylalanine and l-tryptophan. the non-selective medium proved suitable for the direct detection of lactose fermentation, beta-glucuronidase and phenylalanine deaminase activities, indole production and the oxidase test. it was highly efficient in making a presumptive identification at species level of the most common gram-negative ur ...	1994	7966214
[a trial of using cefobid (cefoperazone) in treating infections of the skin and soft tissues].	a clinical laboratory investigation of cefoperazon in the treatment of 27 patients with burn traumata and purulent necrotic wounds of the soft tissues of various genesis and localization was carried out. the clinical efficacy of the treatment was 75-86.6 per cent. 4 patients with extended purulent wounds of the soft tissues and bone affections were treated with cefoperazon and local application of gentacicol (a dosage form of gentamicin based on collagen with prolonged action) which provided the ...	1994	7979798
evaluation of rapid one system for identification of 379 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and oxidase-negative, gram-negative nonfermenters.	the ability of the rapid one system (innovative diagnostic systems, inc., norcross, ga.) to identify 364 strains in the family enterobacteriaceae and 15 oxidase-negative, gram-negative, nonfermentative rods was evaluated. kits were inoculated with no. 2 mcfarland standard suspensions, and reactions were interpreted after 4 h of incubation at 35 degrees c. overall, the method correctly identified (to the species level or to the genus level for salmonellas and non-shigella sonnei shigella species) ...	1994	8027345
characterization of transposon tn1528, which confers amikacin resistance by synthesis of aminoglycoside 3'-o-phosphotransferase type vi.	providencia stuartii bm2667, which was isolated from an abdominal abscess, was resistant to amikacin by synthesis of aminoglycoside 3'-o-phosphotransferase type vi. the corresponding gene, aph(3')-via, was carried by a 30-kb self-transferable plasmid of incompatibility group incn. the resistance gene was cloned into puc18, and the recombinant plasmid, pat246, was transformed into escherichia coli dh1 (reca) harboring pox38gm. the resulting clones were mixed with e. coli hb101 (reca), and transco ...	1994	8031033
characterization of aara, a pleiotrophic negative regulator of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii.	we have utilized transposon mutagenesis to obtain insertional mutations in providencia stuartii that activate the chromosomal aac(2')-la gene. two closely linked mini-tn5cm insertions were obtained in a locus designated aara, and a single insertion was obtained in a separate locus, aarc. nucleotide sequence analysis, complementation studies, and localization of the sites of mini-tn5cm insertion have allowed the identification of the aara coding region. the deduced aara protein had a molecular ma ...	1994	8051030
[antibacterial activity of aztreonam against clinical isolates].	to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a monobactam antibiotic, aztreonam (azt), mics of azt and other antibiotics against clinical isolates collected at 36 participating institutions after january 1992 were determined using the agar plate dilution method (size of inoculum, 10(6) cfu/ml) according to the japan society of chemotherapy standard. the antibiotics that were tested along with azt included piperacillin (pipc), cefoperazone (cpz), and amikacin (amk). azt was found to be more active a ...	1994	8051793
levofloxacin in vitro activity: results from an international comparative study with ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.	levofloxacin, the s-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was compared to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against > 6000 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from six different countries. this international multicenter study demonstrated a high level of antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against all the members of enterobacteriaceae [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)50s, < or = 0.03 to 0.12 mg/l] except providencia rettgeri (mic50, 2 mg/l), and providencia stuartii (mic50 ...	1994	8077990
characterization and sequence of phoc, the principal phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase of morganella morganii.	phosphatase activities were investigated in morganella morganii, which is one of the few enterobacterial species producing high-level phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase activity (hpap phenotype), and the gene encoding the major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase was cloned, sequenced, and its product characterized. using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate, morganella produced a major phosphate-irrepressible acid phosphatase (named phoc) which is associated with the hpap phenotype, ...	1994	8081499
evaluation of direct disc diffusion susceptibility testing for bacteriuria using diluted urine against standard cds method.	consecutive urine specimens with > or = 10(9) organisms/l on microscopy were diluted 1:100 and direct disc diffusion susceptibility tests performed. subsequently, the standard calibrated dichotomous sensitivity (cds) test was performed on all isolates. urines with > 2 isolates or where growth was < 10(8) colony forming units (cfu)/l were excluded. only gram negative organisms were considered. 361 urines were evaluated, 324 with one and 37 with 2 isolates, comprising 255 escherichia coli, 49 kleb ...	1994	8090594
urinary bacteriology of continent urinary reservoirs and calculus formation.	in order to investigate urinary bacteriology in relation to calculus formation in continent urinary reservoirs, a retrospective study was conducted of 19 patients with the kock pouch and 23 patients with the indiana pouch. analysis of a total of 151 urine cultures showed that asymptomatic bacteria (any bacterial count) were present in 92% of urines from the kock pouch and 74% from the indiana pouch. the incidence of organisms and total bacterial counts were similar for both pouches. the most pre ...	1994	7614396
contribution of gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase to the o acetylation of peptidoglycan in providencia stuartii.	a collection of providencia stuartii mutants which either underexpress or overexpress aac(2')-ia, the chromosomal gene coding for gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase (ec 2.3.1.59), have been characterized phenotypically as possessing either lower or higher levels of peptidoglycan o acetylation, respectively, than the wild type. these mutants were subjected to both negative-staining and thin-section electron microscopy. p. stuartii pr100, with 42% o acetylation of peptidoglycan compared with 52% o ...	1995	7635816
laboratory data which differentiate meropenem and imipenem.	meropenem and imipenem are carbapenems which are distinguishable from all other currently available beta-lactam antibiotics by breadth of antibacterial spectrum and stability to beta-lactamases, but can be differentiated one from another. meropenem is relatively stable to human renal dehydropeptidase-i (dhp-i); it does not require to be co-administered with cilastatin and consequently, unlike imipenem, will be administered as a single agent. in vitro both meropenem and imipenem are active agains ...	1995	7652504
bactericidal activity of normal human serum against morganella, proteus, and providencia strains.	the susceptibility od proteus, providencia, and morganella strains to bactericidal action of human serum was examined. the percentage of survival was determined after one and three hours incubation with 50% human serum. the susceptible strains were treated by serum preparations with blocked classical or alternative complement activation pathways as well as with lysozyme removed. following mechanisms of the bactericidal action of serum were found: complement activated by the classical or alternat ...	1995	7660859
cloning of the mgte mg2+ transporter from providencia stuartii and the distribution of mgte in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.	the mm281 strain of salmonella typhimurium possesses mutations in each of its three mg2+ transport systems, requires 100 mm mg2+ for growth, and was used to screen a genomic library from the gram-negative bacterium providencia stuartii for clones that could restore the ability to grow without mg2+ supplementation. the clones obtained also conferred sensitivity to co2+, a phenotype similar to that seen with the s. typhimurium cora mg2+ transport gene. the sequence of the cloned p. stuartii dna re ...	1995	7665526
bacterial agents causing chronic suppurative otitis media.	ear swabs from 350 patients with chronic otitis media attending different orthorhinolaryngological clinics at different hospitals and health centres in benin city and ekpoma in edo state were screened for the presence of bacterial agents of chronic otitis media. results revealed the presence of 19 different species indicating polymicrobial infections. species isolated comprised staphylococcus aureus (33.6%), pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.3%), proteus mirabilis (17%), alcaligenes faecalis (6.2%) and ...	1995	7498006
loss of porins following carbapenem-resistance selection and adherence modification in enterobacteria.	the acquired resistance to the carbapenems is frequently joined to modified expression of porins or other outer membrane (om) structures, thus bacterial adherence, that also depends on the presence of peculiar surface structures, might theoretically be influenced. in this study the ability to adhere to hep-2 and i-407 eukaryotic cell monolayers was assayed for two susceptible strains of serratia marcescens, one strain of enterobacter cloacae and one of providencia rettgeri in comparison with tha ...	1995	7562008
the role of cefotaxime in the treatment of surgical infections.	this study examines the role of cefotaxime in the treatment of both gram-negative and gram-positive surgical infections. a dose of 2 g of cefotaxime will sustain peripheral compartment concentrations of 2.6, 3.9, 1.6, and 0.7 micrograms/ml for 6, 8, 10 and 12 h, respectively. therefore, the proportion of pathogens with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) below the peripheral compartment cefotaxime concentrations was assessed as a measure of therapeutic potential. it was observed that bacter ...	1995	7587036
proteus mirabilis amino acid deaminase: cloning, nucleotide sequence, and characterization of aad.	proteus, providencia, and morganella species produce deaminases that generate alpha-keto acids from amino acids. the alpha-keto acid products are detected by the formation of colored iron complexes, raising the possibility that the enzyme functions to secure iron for these species, which do not produce traditional siderophores. a gene encoding an amino acid deaminase of uropathogenic proteus mirabilis was identified by screening a genomic library hosted in escherichia coli dh5 alpha for amino ac ...	1995	7592338
engineering human monoclonal antibody fragments: a recombinant enzyme-linked fab.	a new plasmid vector, pcrp, allowing the expression of human recombinant monoclonal antibody fab fragments fused with a bacterial acid phosphatase has been constructed. pcrp can accept heavy- and light-chain cdnas cloned from combinatorial antibody libraries displayed on filamentous phages with the pcombiii system and is able to direct expression to soluble fabs in which the carboxy-terminus of the heavy chain is fused to the amino-terminus of the mature phon nonspecific acid phosphatase of prov ...	1995	7603339
a new plasmid cloning vector for direct detection of recombinant clones, based on inactivation of a bacterial acid phosphatase-encoding gene.	a new plasmid cloning vector for escherichia coli (pphor) suitable for direct detection of recombinant clones has been constructed. the plasmid is a multicopy of a vector which carries a puc-derived origin of replication and beta-lactamase gene, and the phon acid phosphatase-encoding gene from providencia stuartii. foreign dna fragments can be cloned into unique restriction sites located within the phon gene causing a loss of the acid phosphatase activity which is normally overproduced by e. col ...	1995	7603348
in vitro activity of subinhibitory concentrations of quinolones on urea-splitting bacteria: effect on urease activity and on cell surface hydrophobicity.	the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin on urease activity and on cell surface hydrophobicity of urea-splitting bacteria was examined. quinolones at 0.5 mics demonstrated variable effects on bacterial-urease activity. norfloxacin inhibited enzyme activity in proteus vulgaris and proteus mirabilis, while other quinolones had no effects. in morganella morganii, sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin enhanced urease activity, parti ...	1995	7844396
e-4695, a new c-7 azetidinyl fluoronaphthyridine with enhanced activity against gram-positive and anaerobic pathogens.	e-4695, (-)-7-[3-(r)-amino-2-(s)-methyl-1-azetidinyl]-1-cyclopropyl-1,4- dihydro-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid, is a new fluorinated naphthyridine with an azetidine moiety. the mics of e-4695 at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) were 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml for gram-positive cocci, including species of the genera staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus, and the mic90s against gram-negative pathogens such as members of the family enterobacteriaceae (w ...	1995	7726507
effect of salicylate on expression of flagella by escherichia coli and proteus, providencia, and pseudomonas spp.	osmotic stress, salicylate, and mar (multiple antibiotic resistance) mutation are known to block the expression of the ompf porin. since these conditions have also been shown to inhibit the expression of p and cfa fimbriae in escherichia coli, we speculated that they might affect the expression of flagella as well. hyperosmotic conditions have been shown to block the synthesis of flagellin and expression of flagella in e. coli (c. li, c. j. louise, w. shi, and j. adler, j. bacteriol. 175:2229-22 ...	1995	7729888
[evaluation of a system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria (mmt e2) in a controlled epidemiological trial. 2].	commercial system of multimicrotests for biochemical identification of enterobacteria mmt e2 and routine tube tests were compared in a controlled epidemiologic experiment with 205 enterobacterial strains. the system has been developed at the allergen research and production amalgamation. system mmt e2 fairly well met the requirements to diagnostic preparations of this kind; its results were compatible and well reproducible. this system in complex with commercial mmt e1 system may be used for spe ...	1995	7757370
identification and analysis of aarp, a transcriptional activator of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii.	the aarp gene has been identified in a search for activators of the 2-n-acetyltransferase [encoded by aac(2')-ia] in providencia stuartii. introduction of aarp into p. stuartii on a multicopy plasmid resulted in a 9.9-fold increase in the accumulation of beta-galactosidase from an aac(2')-lacz fusion. northern (rna) blot analysis demonstrated that this increased aac(2')-ia expression occurred at the level of mrna accumulation. the deduced aarp protein was 15,898 da in size and exhibited signific ...	1995	7768849
multicenter in vitro comparative study of fluoroquinolones against 25,129 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates.	in vitro activities of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and lomefloxacin were evaluated against 25,129 fresh bacterial isolates from 51 us hospital or medical center laboratories, beginning in october of 1990. susceptibility rates were > or = 85% against most species of gram-negative bacteria. notable exceptions were pseudomonas, acinetobacter, xanthomonas, and providencia. the study drugs displayed similar activity against most gram-negative species. at least 90% of oxacillin-susceptible s ...	1995	7789095
purification and preliminary crystallographic studies of penicillin g acylase from providencia rettgeri.	two isoforms of the heterodimeric enzyme penicillin g acylase (ec 3.5.1.11) from providencia rettgeri atcc 31052 (strain bro1) were purified to near homogeneity. the isoforms exhibited comparable enzymatic activities but differed slightly in the molecular weight and pi of their respective alpha-subunit. the origin of this difference was traced to the partial conversion of the n-terminal gln of the alpha-subunit to pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid (pyro-glu). the boundaries of the mature enzyme within ...	1995	7795527
characteristics of invasion of hep-2 cells by providencia alcalifaciens.	previous studies with three isolates from diarrhoeal stools suggested that providencia alcalifaciens is an invasive enteric pathogen that also causes actin condensation in infected cells. these findings were extended in the present study with a further 14 diarrhoeal stool isolates of p. alcalifaciens and hep-2 cell monolayers for invasion assays. studies on invasion characteristics with two selected isolates suggested that p. alcalifaciens required prior growth at 37 degrees c for better invasio ...	1995	7884799
[epidemiology of microbial resistance to biocides].	in order to estimate the distribution of bacteria and fungi with an elevated level of resistance to antimicrobial substances, we have analyzed water samples and surveyed institutions presumably concerned with analyses of microbial resistance (university institutes for hygiene, health authorities) by means of questionnaire. a total of 41 water samples was drawn from various aquatic biotopes in the region of heidelberg. the samples originated from the effluents of a community sewage treatment plan ...	1995	8579712
activities of oral antibiotics on providencia strains isolated from institutionalized elderly patients with urinary tract infections.	more than 250 providencia strains isolated from the urine of institutionalized elderly patients were tested against cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, cefpodoxime, ciprofloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. our results confirm the strong activities of expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporins against providencia isolates, f1p4ell as the marked differences in susceptibilities among accurately identified providencia species.	1995	8593030
the most frequently occurring aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms--combined results of surveys in eight regions of the world. the aminoglycoside resistance study groups.	aminoglycoside-resistant isolates from different patients were collected in 149 hospitals in eight regions of the world. aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms were determined in 11,079 of these isolates by the correlation of resistance phenotypes to 12 aminoglycosides and dna hybridisation with up to 19 resistance genes. a very large diversity of different resistance mechanisms was found. for example, in escherichia-morganella-proteus-salmonella-shigella, at total of 53 different mechanisms was f ...	1995	8622108
[evaluation of the usefulness of tests for production of beta-d-glucuronidase and propylene glycol utilization for the differentiation of enterobacteriaceae rods].	the aim of the study was to inquire about the diagnostic usefulness of determining the activity of glucuronidase and utilisation of propylene glycol in enterobacteriaceae rods. the study included 1511 strains: 411- e. coli, 278 - klebsiella, 231 - salmonella, 159 - yersinia, 97 - citrobacter, 75 - shigella and 260 strains representing 6 other kinds of enteric rods. determination was performed in a liquid medium containing in 1 ml 25 mcg mug and 100 mcg onpg. propylene glycol (pg) utilisation was ...	1995	8833927
emergence of bacterial resistance to imipenem and ciprofloxacin in a university hospital.	we have continuously monitored the in-vitro activities of imipenem and ciprofloxacin against large numbers of non-fastidious clinical isolates. after eight years of use, 97-100% of enterobacteriaceae and acinetobacter baumannii remained susceptible to imipenem, but susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa declined from 100% to 91%. after six years of use, 94%-100% of enterobacteriaceae (except providencia stuartii) remained susceptible to ciprofloxacin but susceptibility of p. stuartii, a. bauma ...	1995	8522464
a multicenter comparative study of the in vitro activity of fleroxacin and other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of fleroxacin was determined by broth microdilution against 2,079 recent bacterial isolates and compared to the activities of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), and, as appropriate, erythromycin and oxacillin. most enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by the quinolones at a concentration of < or = 1 microgram/ml; mic90s of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, an ...	1995	8529440
epidemiology of quinolone resistance. eastern hemisphere.	both nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones are used widely in the eastern hemisphere for a variety of infectious diseases. a surveillance programme for antibiotic resistance in common pathogens has been conducted in the western pacific region of the world health organization since 1989. data on resistance to fluoroquinolones for the years 1992 and 1993 from the 16 participating countries in the western pacific, plus published data from thailand, were collated for common and important pathogens in ...	1995	8549389
[gram-negative bacteria contaminating the process of producing lysine].	the authors have isolated gram-negative bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family from the culture liquid of industrial fermenters with low yield of lysine. most of them possessed the characters typical of klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, the rest were identified as the representatives of genera proteus, providencia, enterobacter, hafnia. strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, e.coli, proteus rettgeri manifested lysine-decarboxylase activity. the capacity of some strains to destruct lysine ...	1995	8563944
[value of media containing chromogenic substrates for the identification and the listing of urinary bacteria].	performance in terms of enumeration, growth and identification with a new culture medium (cps id2, biomérieux) was evaluated using 405 urine samples and 244 collection strains. the cps id2 medium contains chromogenic substrates enabling the detection of 4 bacterial enzymes which leads to the identification of colonies: escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, proteus-morganella-providencia and enterococci. no discrepancies in the enumeration were observed with the collected strains and urine samples ...	1995	8746095
identification and characterization of phon-sf, a gene on the large plasmid of shigella flexneri 2a encoding a nonspecific phosphatase.	a gene encoding a nonspecific phosphatase, named phon-sf, was identified on the large virulence plasmid (pmysh6000) of shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000. the phosphatase activity in ysh6000 was observed under high-phosphate conditions. however, it was found that low-phosphate conditions induced a slightly higher level of activity. the nucleotide sequence of the phon-sf region cloned from pmysh6000 possessing the phon-sf gene encoded 249 amino acids with a typical signal sequence at the n terminus. th ...	1996	8755883
[in vitro antibacterial activity of a new parenteral penem, sulopenem].	eighty percent minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic80) of sulopenem against clinically isolated 12 to 80 strains of each of different bacteria were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa): 0.20 micrograms/ml, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa): 50 micrograms/ml, coagulase-negative staphylococci: 3.13 micrograms/ml, streptococcus pyogenes: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, streptococcus pneumoniae: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, beta-streptococci: 0.05 microgram/ml, enterococc ...	1996	8786624
[antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin against recently obtained clinical isolates].	to evaluate antimicrobial activities of tosufloxacin (tflx), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of tflx and other drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained in our laboratory from february of 1993 to january of 1994 (period i), and from february of 1995 to january of 1996 (period ii). the results are summarized as follows: 1. compared to mic90's reported by others for tflx in the 1980's, those obtained by us against beta-streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, pepto ...	1996	8828073
aard, a providencia stuartii homologue of cydd: role in 2'-n-acetyltransferase expression, cell morphology and growth in the presence of an extracellular factor.	in a search for genes involved in regulation of the 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii, a mini-tn5cm insertion has been isolated in a locus designated aard. the aard1::mini-tn5cm mutation resulted in a 4.7-fold increase in the levels of beta-galactosidase accumulation from an aac(2')-lacz transcriptional fusion and a 32-fold increase in the levels of gentamicin resistance in p. stuartii. the wild-type aard locus was cloned on a 5.0 kb cla i fragment and complemented the aard1 mutatio ...	1996	8830242
[fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in chromosomal cephalosporinase-overproducing gram-negative bacilli strains with inducible beta-lactamase].	the increasing prevalence of stable derepressed mutants over-producers of type i chromosomal cephalosporinase in inducible enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenges the adequacy of third generation cephalosporins in the empirical treatment of certain nosocomial infections. we sought to determine the frequency of stable over-producers of type i enzyme and their associated resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides.	1996	9044634
prevalence of pathogenic role of morganella-proteus providencia-group of bacteria in human faeces.	speculation in literature that organisms of the morganella-proteus-providencia (mpp) group can cause diarrhoea led to the present studies which investigated their occurrence and pathogenic role in human faeces. faecal specimens were collected from a total of 307 subjects, 80 of which were from diarrhoea cases and 277 from healthy controls. ninety-two species of the mpp (24/80 diarrhoea and 68/277 control) were isolated from 30% of all subjects. none of the species of the mpp group was significan ...	1996	9110049
the role of o-acetylation in the metabolism of peptidoglycan in providencia stuartii.	the gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase [ec 2.3.1.59; aac(2')-ia] of providencia stuartii was shown to contribute to the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan and mutants that either under- or overexpress the aac(2')-ia gene was characterized phenotypically to possess either lower or higher levels of peptidoglycan o-acetylation, respectively, compared to the wild-type. these mutants were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. p. stuartii pr100, with 42-44% peptidoglycan o-acetylation compared to 54% ...	1996	9158736
bacteremia due to providencia stuartii: review of 49 episodes.	we reviewed cases of providencia stuartii bacteremia at a large community teaching hospital during a 12-year period (1981 to 1992). none of the infections were hospital-acquired. of the 49 patients, 47 (96%) came from a nursing home, and 45 (92%) had a long-term indwelling foley catheter. the urinary tract was definitely proven to be the source of bacteremia in 35 patients (71%) and was the probable source in another 5 patients (11%). polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 25 patients (51%). the o ...	1996	8578355
antimicrobial activity of human pancreatic juice and its interaction with antibiotics.	pancreatic juice (pj) should be a factor of variability in the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics eliminated by the pancreas during pancreatic infections. we studied its effects on the activity of antimicrobial drugs with different mechanisms of action. samples of pure pj were collected from 16 patients with stabilized external pancreatic fistulas. the antimicrobial activity of the juice at different concentrations (from 1.25 to 100%) alone and in combination with mezlocillin, imipenem, ceftr ...	1996	8878588
risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. the hellenic antibiotic resistance study group.	two hundred and ninety-nine gram-negative hospital-acquired infections from 257 patients, consecutively identified during one month (november 1992) in five hospitals in the greater athens area, were divided into four groups on the basis of the bacterium isolated: group 1 (escherichia coli group) included infections owing to e. coli, group 2 (proteus group) consisted of infections owing to proteus spp. and providencia spp., group 3 (kiebsiella/enterobacter group) involved infections owing to kieb ...	1996	8880546
characterization of the chromosomal aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase gene from mycobacterium fortuitum.	a novel gene encoding an aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase (aac) was cloned from mycobacterium fortuitum. dna sequencing results identified an open reading frame that we have called aac(2')-ib encoding a putative protein with a predicted molecular mass of 24,800 da. the deduced aac(2')-ib protein showed homology to the aac(2')-ia from providencia stuartii. this is the second member of a subfamily of aac(2')-i enzymes to be identified. no homology was found with other acetyltransferases, incl ...	1996	8891143
a simple method to detect bacteriolytic enzymes produced by enterobacteriaceae.	the production of bacteriolytic enzymes by enterobacteriaceae in various growth conditions was investigated. peptone-based media containing killed gram-negative cells facilitated detection of bacteriolytic enzyme production in the highest number of species. these belonged to the genera serratia, proteus, morganella and providencia. in contrast, escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter species did not produce bacteriolytic activities in any of the condition ...	1996	8893522
results of expedicion humana. ii. analysis of hla class ii alleles in three african american populations from colombia using the pcr/ssop: identification of a novel dqb102 (0203) allele.	pcr/ssop typing methods were used to analyze the hla class ii drb1, dqa1, dqb1 and dpb1 loci of samples from three african american populations of colombia. forty samples from the cauca (pacific), and twenty samples each from the choco (north pacific coast) and the providencia (caribbean island) populations, were collected and the class ii loci analyzed under the auspices of the expedicion humana. despite the limited number of samples analyzed, the african colombian populations exhibit a very hi ...	1996	8896178
[enterobacteria isolated from commercial fishes from the volga-caspian basin].	enteric bacteria, such as proteus, citrobacter [correction of cytobacter], and providencia, were found to be prevalent particularly in the gills and intestines of marketable fishes of the volga and caspian seas. half of all the enteric bacteria was detected in the fish kidneys, spleen, and liver. this shows it necessary to standardize different types of fish raw materials.	1996	8925957
a bifunctional urease enhances survival of pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica and morganella morganii at low ph.	to infect a susceptible host, the gastrointestinal pathogen yersinia enterocolitica must survive passage through the acid environment of the stomach. in this study, we showed that y. enterocolitica serotype o8 survives buffered acidic conditions as low as ph 1.5 for long periods of time provided urea is available. acid tolerance required an unusual cytoplasmically located urease that was activated 780-fold by low-ph conditions. acid tolerance of helicobacter species has also been attributed to u ...	1996	8932305
providencia rettgeri meningitis in hatchling saltwater crocodiles (crocodylus porosus).		1996	8941426
comparative in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against gram-negative bacilli.	to describe the in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, compared with other antibacterial agents.	1996	8955735
prevalence of invasive ability and other virulence-associated characteristics in providencia alcalifaciens strains isolated in são paulo, brazil.	providencia alcalifaciens is an invasive enteric pathogen. the present study determined the prevalence of invasive ability in p. alcalifaciens strains isolated in são paulo, brazil, mainly from patients with diarrhoea. invasion of hela cells was found in 17 (42%) of 41 strains studied. most (88%) of the invasive strains were isolated from diarrhoeal stools. the invasive property was identified in 50% of p. alcalifaciens strains isolated as pure cultures or from stool samples where no other enter ...	1996	8958250
the prevalence of gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase in the proteeae and its role in the o-acetylation of peptidoglycan.	the prevalence of aac(2')-ia, a gene coding for gentamicin 2'-n-acetyltransferase in providencia stuartii, among species of the proteeae was investigated to determine if it is a common resistance factor and whether the correlation observed in p. stuartii between its expression and the levels of peptidoglycan o-acetylation represents a general feature of bacteria producing this form of modified peptidoglycan. an evaluation of the mics of gentamicin for each of the species of the proteeae did not ...	1996	8961557
[antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against clinical isolates].	in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cdzm and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates collected from nation-wide medical institutions and in our laboratory from september to december of 1992 and from september to december of 1995. the results are summarized as follows: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cdzm included streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, citrobacter koseri, pr ...	1996	8986558
susceptibility of bacterial isolates to beta-lactam antibiotics from u.s. clinical trials over a 5-year period.	results are reported for agar dilution susceptibility testing of 3,075 isolates of aerobic bacteria collected from >200 u.s. institutions, located in 30 different states. these isolates were collected from 1987 through 1991 from patients who participated in cefepime clinical trials. cefepime susceptibility was compared with ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and imipenem. to avoid duplication of strains, only initial isolates were included. cefepime minimum inhibitory concentrat ...	1996	8678092
distribution of diaminopropane and acetylspermidine in enterobacteriaceae.	polyamines of 97 strains (60 species) belonging to 18 genera of the family enterobacteriaceae were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. in addition to putrescine and cadavarine, diaminopropane was widely distributed in enterobacteriaceae and almost ubiquitously within enterobacter, pantoea, erwinia, leminorella, proteus, leclercia, morganella, klebsiella, hafnia, rahnella, serratia, and tatumella species and sporadically within citrobacter, escherichia, moellerella, pr ...	1996	8742354
invasion of hela cells by providencia alcalifaciens presumably is plasmid-encoded.		1996	9283662
comparative in vitro studies on the beta-lactamase-inhibiting effect of clavulanic acid and sulbactam on ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae.	clavulanic acid and sulbactam alone are ineffective against pseudomonas and enterococci. staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by high concentrations not attainable under clinical conditions. strains of acinetobacter, especially a. lwoffii are susceptible to clavulanic acid and highly susceptible to sulbactam. the ampicillin/sulbactam combination is superior to ampicillin/clavulanic acid against citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp. and morganella morganii. the latter combination ...	1996	18611726