Publications

diel oviposition periodicity of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from the americas: anopheles albimanus wieldemann and anopheles freeborni aitken.	the diel oviposition patterns of anopheles albimanus and an. freeborni derived from panama and california, u.s.a., respectively, were studied in the laboratory by recording the egg-laying of individuals and colonies at 2-h intervals. anopheles freeborni oviposition patterns were almost exclusively nocturnal, with 80% of eggs being laid during the scotophase. a large, well-defined peak of oviposition, comprising about 70% of eggs laid, occurred 4-6 h before sunrise. anopheles albimanus ovipositio ...	1993	8311576
factors associated with multiple sex partners among junior high school students.	twenty-one percent of a sample of inner-city junior high school students were found to be sexually active (n = 403). only 31% of them reported a single lifetime sexual partner, 25% reported two partners, and 43% reported three or more partners. logistic regression analysis evaluated the influence of demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors on the adolescents' lifetime number of sex partners. respondents whose sexual debut occurred before age 13 years were nine times more likely to repor ...	1993	8323931
comparison of aids knowledge and hiv-related sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in low and high aids prevalence communities.	data were collected from students attending high school in a rural, low acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) prevalence community in northern california, and compared with students in an inner-city aids epicenter (san francisco). the findings demonstrate that rural adolescents have higher levels of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) knowledge, especially about risk-reduction strategies. however, rural adolescents also report higher rates of hiv-related sexual risk behaviors. rural adolescen ...	1993	8323936
self-reported sexually transmitted diseases among family planning clients: ethnic differences in sexual risk behavior and hiv risk reduction.	the relationship between sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) has been established. little is known, however, about the relationship between being infected with an std and initiating hiv risk-reduction behavior. we interviewed 267 young women who were family planning clients of the san francisco bay-area planned parenthood clinics, of whom 40% were white, 37% african american, and 23% women of other ethnic origins. fifty-three percent of the women ...	1993	8324496
hiv knowledge, communication, and risk behaviors among white, chinese-, and filipino-american adolescents in a high-prevalence aids epicenter: a comparative analysis.	we conducted a comparative analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) knowledge, communication, and risk behaviors among 1272 white, chinese-, and filipino-american 10th and 11th graders in san francisco, california, a high-prevalence aids epicenter. we performed principal components analysis on an epidemiologic survey instrument, and we identified five factors: hiv prevention knowledge, sexual behavior risk index, drug use risk index, hiv misconceptions, and communication about hiv. white s ...	1993	8324499
pitfalls inherent in retrospective time-to-event studies: the example of time to pregnancy.	retrospective studies of time from initiation of risk (for example, transfusion of hiv-infected blood) to the occurrence of an endpoint of interest are useful in epidemiology. one example is studies of time to pregnancy, which have evaluated exposures that may affect human fertility. one can reconstruct the non-contracepting interval required for each woman's most recent pregnancy and then treat the data as if the couples had been studied prospectively. as we illustrate, however, failure-time mo ...	1993	8327803
emergency department response to domestic violence--california, 1992.	a 1993 national poll found that 34% of adults in the united states report having witnessed a man beating his wife or girlfriend and that 14% of women report that a husband or boyfriend has been violent with them (1). studies suggest that as many as 30% of women treated in emergency departments (eds) have injuries or symptoms related to physical abuse (2). a national health objective for the year 2000 is for at least 90% of hospital eds to have protocols for routinely identifying, treating, and r ...	1993	8341235
human t-lymphotropic virus type i seroprevalence among japanese americans.	the epidemiology of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) infection is not well defined in japanese americans. this impairs using approaches that could reduce viral transmission and monitor carriers for the disease. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and p21e recombinant western blot testing, htlv-i antibody was measured in unlinked samples from japanese-american patients at 4 physicians' offices in san francisco, california. of 442 patients, 4 (0.9%; 95% confidence interval 0.25%, 2.3 ...	1993	8342263
crack cocaine use and high-risk behaviors among sexually active black adolescents.	the recent spread of crack cocaine use among inner-city teenagers has been accompanied by dramatic increases in juvenile delinquency and sexually transmitted diseases (stds) among teenagers. this study examined the prevalence of five factors which promote stds, including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), among a sample of sexually active black adolescent crack users and non-users from the san francisco bay area. significant differences were observed between these groups with respect to history ...	1993	8347641
development of an integrated case management program for vulnerable children.	although case management is a recognized technique to organize and coordinate human services, its use with high-risk children is relatively new. this article describes the development of a case management program for children at the center for the vulnerable child at children's hospital, oakland, california, a health care setting that brings together health, social work, and child welfare services. case management was introduced into multidisciplinary clinical programs for foster children, drug- ...	1993	8348846
seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among family practice outpatients.	because the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is extremely heterogeneous in its impact on various subpopulations, it is important to carry out hiv seroprevalence studies in different subpopulations using standardized techniques. the present study is the first to report seroprevalence rates of hiv in family medicine outpatient populations.	1993	8352037
exploring norms and beliefs related to aids prevention among california hispanic men.	a focus-group study gathered qualitative information from hispanic males in california regarding ethnic factors that might enhance or interfere with aids prevention efforts. a predominantly working-class convenience sample of 75 men aged 18-40 participated in seven groups of 10-12 participants each. three groups were composed of single men, three of married men and one was composed of homosexual and bisexual men. four groups included only participants born outside the united states; and spanish ...	1993	8354375
mouse pathogenicity studies of nocardia asteroides complex species and clinical correlation with human isolates.	nocardia asteroides complex organisms derived from human specimens between 1979 and 1992 were identified to the species level. of 117 n. asteroides complex organisms, 34 (29%) were n. farcinica, 28 (24%) were n. nova, and 55 (47%) were n. asteroides sensu stricto. an analysis of the specimen sites from which the organisms were derived showed that isolates derived from blood, brain, or bone marrow were more likely to be n. farcinica than the other two species. a study of the virulence of ten stra ...	1993	8354460
a unique haplotype of the apolipoprotein b-100 allele associated with familial defective apolipoprotein b-100 in a chinese man discovered during a study of the prevalence of this disorder.	the prevalence of familial defective apolipoprotein (apo) b-100 (fdb) was determined by sampling 5,160 volunteer subjects from among 14,058 eligible employees of a bank in california. the sample was ethnically diverse (44.6% of the population was non-caucasian). the prevalence of fdb in the study population was 0.08% with a 90% confidence interval of 0.01-0.14%. four subjects were found to have the apob 3500 codon mutation by mutagenic polymerase chain reaction, which creates an mspi site at the ...	1993	8371062
duty, truth, and whole human beings.		1993	8407294
outbreaks of salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis--california, 1993.	foodborne infections cause an estimated 6.5 million cases of human illness and 9000 deaths annually in the united states. salmonella is the most commonly reported cause of foodborne outbreaks, accounting for 28% of such outbreaks of known etiology and 45% of outbreak-associated cases during 1973-1987. during 1985-1992, state and territorial health departments reported 437 salmonella enteritidis (se) outbreaks (table 1), which accounted for 15,162 cases of illness, 1734 hospitalizations, and 53 d ...	1993	8413165
hhs honors nurses on world aids day.		1993	8422125
ectopic pregnancy in the united states: economic consequences and payment source trends.	to estimate the annual direct and indirect costs of ectopic pregnancy in the united states and to examine trends in payment source.	1993	8423966
mycobacterium bovis infections in san diego: a clinicoepidemiologic study of 73 patients and a historical review of a forgotten pathogen.	we have presented 73 patients (48 adults and 25 children) with microbiologically documented m. bovis infections identified over the 12-year period from 1980 through 1991. epidemiologic investigation of these patients revealed that the majority (80%) were of hispanic origin. the non-hispanic patients either had traveled extensively outside the united states, were born in the united states during its endemic period or in other countries with endemic bovine tuberculosis, or were exposed to a close ...	1993	8426535
fleas (siphonaptera) infesting giant kangaroo rats (dipodomys ingens) on the elkhorn and carrizo plains, san luis obispo county, california.	the giant kangaroo rat, dipodomys ingens (merriam), has a limited distribution in the san joaquin valley, ca. because of reductions in its geographic range, largely resulting from humans, the species was listed as an endangered species in 1980 by the california fish and game commission. as part of a study of the community ecology of southern california endangered species, including d. ingens, we were able to make flea collections from the rats when they were trapped and marked for population stu ...	1993	8433341
prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in a sample of immigrants in the united states.	editor's note: years ago, experts predicted that the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome would spread to every part of the world and every part of society. the articles by studemeister and kent and calonge and co-workers(*) that follow are further evidence that this is happening. these and other articles we will publish in the next few months confirm our worst fears and challenge all of us to continue engaging in basic, applied, and behavioral research and to continue providing the very best care ...	1993	8434465
a suburban focus of endemic typhus in los angeles county: association with seropositive domestic cats and opossums.	thirty-three cases of locally acquired murine typhus were reported in los angeles county residents from may 1984 through february 1988. only eight cases were reported over the previous 20-year period. thirty (91%) cases resided within a suburban area encompassing approximately 50 km2 in northcentral los angeles or had contact with an animal from this area. serologic testing (complement fixation and indirect fluorescent antibody) of selected animals in close association with human cases revealed ...	1993	8447530
determination of human t lymphotropic virus type by polymerase chain reaction and correlation with risk factors in northern california blood donors.	to determine the relative prevalence of human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii, type-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was done on seropositive northern california blood donors. from october 1988 through march 1990, 67 (0.055%) of 122,517 blood donors had confirmed htlv antibody. seropositive donors were more likely to be middle-aged, female, and nonwhite than the overall donor base. pcr of samples from 30 htlv-seropositive donors yielded 19 (63%) with htlv-ii and 9 (30%) with h ...	1993	8450261
hiv-1 seroprevalence among women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in california. california family of surveys and sentinel surveillance consortia.	to evaluate the distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) epidemic among california women, we analyzed hiv-1 seroprevalence and risk factors among women attending sexually transmitted disease (std) clinics in 21 local health jurisdictions. using standardized protocols developed by the centers for disease control, we tested unlinked serum specimens from women attending participating std clinics in 1989. we analyzed demographic characteristics, hiv risk exposure groups, and r ...	1993	8470383
human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody in 6703 institutionalized mentally retarded clients: an unlinked serosurvey at seven california developmental centers.	all clients residing in seven california developmental centers were tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv) antibody in an unlinked serosurvey. of 6703 clients, 11 (0.16%) were found positive for hiv-1 antibody by confirmatory western blot and immunofluorescent antibody tests. universal blood and body fluid precautions should be rigorously enforced to prevent institutional spread of hiv even in this low-risk population.	1993	8471315
health practices and disability: some evidence from alameda county.	with greater longevity people are increasingly concerned about how to avoid disability during their longer lives. policy decisions concerning ways to extend health as well as life have become part of the nation's health agenda. opportunity to examine that issue has arisen in the alameda county human population laboratory. earlier studies there established seven health practices as risk factors for higher mortality: excessive alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, being obese, sleeping fewer or ...	1993	8475014
property rights and payment to patients for cell lines derived from human tissues: an economic analysis.	the increasing potential for commercial applications in biotechnology has given rise to new legal and ethical questions with regard to ownership of human tissue. as the potential value of human cells and tissue has risen, so have donors' calls for a share in the profits. however, in a recent california ruling (john moore vs the regents of the university of california), the court once again held to its traditional position that individuals do not hold property rights in their own tissue and cells ...	1993	8475423
pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection in a low seroprevalence area.	although increasing information is available regarding human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections of children in high seroprevalence areas, few data are available describing trends in low seroprevalence populations. in san diego county approximately 1 in 1450 live births are to women infected with hiv as identified by nonlinked heel stick testing. seventy-seven hiv-infected children were identified and followed in our clinics during the period 1983 to 1991, of whom 32 (42%) were infected peri ...	1993	8483625
epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection among homosexual men participating in hepatitis b vaccine trials in amsterdam, new york city, and san francisco, 1978-1990.	homosexual/bisexual men from amsterdam, the netherlands, new york, new york, and san francisco, california, were entered into trials of the efficacy of hepatitis b vaccine shortly before the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic was recognized (1978-1980). the authors analyzed data, including serial blood samples tested for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) as well as demographic and behavioral information, to characterize the spread of hiv-1 infection within t ...	1993	8484382
aquatic biomonitoring of reclaimed water for potable use: the san diego health effects study.	highly treated reclaimed wastewater was evaluated as a possible supplement to raw water sources required to meet san diego's growing need for potable water. biomonitoring experiments employing fathead minnows (pimephales promelas) were used to compare reclaimed water with the city's current raw water supply. juvenile fish were exposed in flow-through aquaria in field laboratories located at the reclamation plant (aqua ii) and at a municipal potable water treatment facility (miramar). biomonitori ...	1993	8492326
the pedestrian trauma patient. perspectives from a psychiatric consultation service.	the hospital course of adult pedestrians injured by automobiles and treated by a university trauma service over a 12-month period was reviewed to evaluate the prevalence, recognition, and intervention of substance use and suicidal behavior. the study showed that the pedestrian trauma patient had a dramatically high rate of substance use and a surprisingly low index of suspicion of suicide attempt by the treatment team as a cause of the accident. appropriate intervention might greatly reduce the ...	1993	8493303
risks of human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics.	this study was performed to identify specific high-risk behaviors, such as unprotected oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse and substance abuse, associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescents attending three diverse clinics located in a localized geographic area: a university-based clinic, a planned parenthood clinic, and an inner-city public health clinic (phc). six hundred seventy-one female and 207 male adolescents attending one of the three clinics completed a struct ...	1993	8496769
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis applied for comparing listeria monocytogenes strains involved in outbreaks.	recent food-borne outbreaks of human listeriosis as well as numerous sporadic cases have been mainly caused by listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b strains. thus, it was of interest to find out whether a certain clone or a certain few clones were responsible for these cases and especially for outbreaks. we used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of large chromosomal dna restriction fragments generated by apai, smai, or noti to analyse 75 l. monocytogenes strains isolated during six major and eight sm ...	1993	8500010
hiv infection as leading cause of death among young adults in us cities and states.	to describe the extent to which human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has become the leading cause of death among young adults (25 to 44 years of age) in us states and cities of at least 100,000 population.	1993	8501840
beyond moore: issues of law and policy impacting human cell and genetic research in the age of biotechnology.		1993	7779167
health risks from contaminated water: do class and race matter?	the impact of contaminants in water on minorities and economically disadvantaged persons was reviewed. environmental legislation governing water was summarized as background information against which relevant studies were evaluated. the majority of the available information was anecdotal or case study and did not lend itself to making quantitative comparisons or analyses. however, the data did present certain trends that led to the conclusion that inequities concerning exposure to contaminants i ...	1993	8184447
are hiv-infected injection drug users taking hiv tests?	knowledge of infection is essential for human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (hiv-1) treatment initiation and epidemic control. this study evaluates infection knowledge among infected injection drug users and acceptance of confidential testing among injection drug users, particularly those infected with hiv-1.	1993	8214230
hiv infection in the women's jail, orange county, california, 1985 through 1991.	the incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection among injection drug users, prostitutes, and other women seeking confidential testing in the orange county women's jail were assessed from 1985 to 1991. a total of 4616 voluntary tests were completed on 3051 women, and 865 women were tested repeatedly. eighty-two women tested positively, a ratio of 1.8 positives per 100 tests or 2.7% of all persons tested. cumulative hiv prevalence increased from 2.5% to 2.7% between 19 ...	1993	8214238
chromosome 11q13 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	to establish the frequency and clinicopathologic correlates of 11q13 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.	1993	8217084
initial cross-sectional results from the orinda longitudinal study of myopia.	although investigations of human refractive error development and normal ocular growth have been conducted for the last 50 years, no previous study of refractive error and the ocular components has measured all the ocular components.	1993	8233371
educating school nurses to care for hiv-infected children in school.	effects of an educational program on school nurses' knowledge and attitudes about human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in children and changes in practice was investigated. participants (n = 205) attended a one-day workshop held at 11 sites in new jersey. content was clinically focused and derived from a needs assessment of a sample of school nurses throughout new jersey. an adult education format was used, with interactive and affective teaching strategies modeled on the aids training p ...	1993	8246463
risk assessments in the pesticide regulatory process.	the risk assessment process offers regulators, registrants, public interest groups and users a means of weighing apparent health effects of pesticides and other chemicals, and measuring their safety for use. this report contains the method for developing relative measures of safety for acute toxicity and expressions of risk for chronic toxicity and assesses-human exposure under a variety of extreme scenarios. since workplace exposures usually exceed environmental exposures by two or more orders ...	1993	8250475
serotypes of salmonella isolated from california turkey flocks and their environment in 1984-89 and comparison with human isolates.	serotypes of salmonella from turkeys and their environment identified at the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system (cvdls) between 1984 and 1989 are reported. between 1988 and 1989, salmonella serotypes from turkeys were compared from two sources: from routine submissions to the cvdls (primarily associated with the national poultry improvement plan), and from a random sample of turkey farms conducted by the national animal health monitoring system (nahms). serotype isolation frequen ...	1993	8257361
human tissue: rights in the body and its parts.		1993	11656860
norplant use in conjunction with the welfare system.		1993	11652714
genetic information and property theory.		1993	11656395
historical somersaults.	the author and his youngest sister attended a mass at the mission san diego in california where the monsignor discussed the life of father serra who founded the mission in 1769. a letter to father serra from another priest showed the priest's distress over an abortion done to an indian woman living at the mission. recollecting this historical letter was used to express the monsignor's views on abortion today. he then reminded the congregation of the upcoming presidential election. he claimed ...	1993	12178853
"from the world beyond washington".	in the us, various anti-abortion groups have committed violent attacks against abortion providers and seekers, harassed them, destroyed property, and disrupted abortion services, leading to an unsurpassed amount of state and local legislation and litigation to make these acts illegal or to broaden the reach of existing laws to protect abortion seekers and providers. in october 1993, a federal appeals court panel repealed a lower court judge's april injunction setting up a 36-foot buffer zone ar ...	1993	12318482
edi for the human resource department.		1993	10145845
brave new babies.		1993	11645229
secret nuclear research on people comes to light.		1993	11647944
physician experience with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or hepatitis b virus testing in san diego county: methods for a census survey.		1993	10148588
canine visits booster patient morale.		1993	10126086
proprietary rights in body parts: the relevance of moore's case in australia.		1993	17333577
seizures associated with poisoning and drug overdose.	a retrospective review of cases consulted by the san francisco bay area regional poison control center during a 2-year period was performed to determine the causes and consequences of seizures associated with poisoning and drug intoxication. of 233 charts coded as involving seizures, 191 occurred in humans and were available for analysis. the leading causes of seizures reported to the poison control center were cyclic antidepressants (55 cases, 29%); cocaine and other stimulants (55 cases, 29%); ...	1994	8179767
consent and experiments with the dying.		1994	10136998
madness in fine print.		1994	10137484
leadership in diversity.	as principal change agents, healthcare leaders are well positioned to integrate diversity into their institutions' organizational structure. thus healthcare leaders must be competent in handling diversity issues. diversity refers to any characteristic that helps shape a person's attitudes, behaviors, perspective, and interpretation of what is "normal." in the healthcare ministry, diversity encompasses the cultural differences that can be found across functions or among organizations when they me ...	1994	10138586
agency faults a u.c.l.a. study for suffering of mental patients.		1994	11647969
15 vials of sperm: the unusual bequest of an even more unusual man.		1994	11647973
medical ethics in the dock.		1994	11647023
us researchers fail to get informed consent.		1994	11644521
ru 486 research forges on, despite political hurdles.	one year after us president bill clinton lifted the ban on importation of ru-486, there has been no increase in new research on ru-486 and no increase in the modest amount of ru-486 projects receiving federal support. one theory is that the stigma of ru-486 being an abortifacient carries over to nonabortion related uses. political and economic pressures within roussel (the only source of ru-486 and a major supplier of research funds) and its parent firm, hoechst ag in berlin, are responsible for ...	1994	12288152
cryonic preservation of human bodies -- a call for legislative action.		1994	11656547
whose tissues are they anyway? a proposal for state ownership of the human body and its parts.		1994	11654296
when does life begin...or end? the california supreme court redefines murder in people v. davis.		1994	11654736
true protection for persons with severe mental disabilities, such as schizophrenia, involved as subjects in research? a look and consideration of the "protection of human subjects.		1994	11657417
supporting ethnic and cultural diversity in nursing staff.	especially in california, there is a growing need to match the ethnic and cultural profiles of nurses and patients. two bay area healthcare programs pooled financial and human resources to develop long-range strategies aimed at increasing the number of minority graduate nurses. included were a work-study program, a russian immigrant nurse training program and a scholarship program for minority students. a cultural diversity enhancement committee is very active and various educational offerings h ...	1994	8278129
another shakeup at lbl genome center.		1994	8290951
ethics in gynecologic surgical innovation.	j. marion sims' efforts in surgically curing vesicovaginal fistula are retold. the controversy surrounding his surgical innovation on black slaves is discussed in the context of the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. the relevance of his story to modern surgical innovation in incontinence surgery is emphasized in a discussion of the pereyra, gittes, and paravaginal procedures. a call is made to establish a gynecologic ethic to ensure that patients' rights are respected in ...	1994	8296808
human rabies--texas and california, 1993.	during november 1993, two persons, a resident of texas and a visitor to california, died from rabies. this report summarizes epidemiologic and clinical information about these cases.	1994	8302264
neuropsychological impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infection: implications for employment. hnrc group. hiv neurobehavioral research center.	individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (hiv-1), are at increased risk for neurobehavioral impairment, particularly in later stages of the disease. even patients in the medically asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic stages of infection may show mild deficits on comprehensive neuropsychological (np) test batteries, although the clinical significance of such deficits remains uncertain. the present study used vocational difficulties as markers of clinical significance of ...	1994	8197319
potential safety benefits of intelligent cruise control systems.	potential safety impact of a hypothetical intelligent cruise control system (iccs) is evaluated in terms of changes in traffic accidents and some traffic operation characteristics affecting safety. the analysis of changes in traffic accidents is accomplished by in-depth examinations of police accident reports for four major counties in california. the evaluation of changes in traffic operation characteristics affecting safety is accomplished by vehicle simulation. the accident analysis reveals t ...	1994	8198682
human rabies--california, 1994.	in january 1994, a 44-year-old california man died from a bat-associated strain of rabies; he had had no known animal bite or other rabies exposure. rabies was not clinically suspected nor confirmed until 1 month after his death. this report summarizes the case investigation.	1994	8208235
malathion and malaoxon environmental levels used for exposure assessment and risk characterization of aerial applications to residential areas of southern california, 1989-1990.	between august 1989 and july 1990, california conducted a mediterranean fruit fly eradication project in southern california which included repeated aerial applications of malathion bait to urban areas where approximately 1.6 million people resided. concern about the safety of these applications prompted the california department of health services to prepare a risk assessment. the current work presents the estimates of environmental levels of malathion and malaoxon, derived from mass deposition ...	1994	7894268
assessment of exposure to malathion and malaoxon due to aerial application over urban areas of southern california.	the state of california conducted aerial applications of malathion (ma) bait over urban areas in the southern california air basin in order to eradicate the mediterranean fruit fly (ceratitis capitata). concern about the potential human health effects of this activity prompted a risk assessment conducted by the california department of health services. estimates of potential human exposures to ma and its primary breakdown product, malaoxon, (mo) are based on assumptions of daily human activities ...	1994	7894269
dr henry garland: the man, the myth, the legend, and the legacy. garland lecture from the 1991 california radiological society meeting.	in a century of american radiology, a relatively small number of radiologists have emerged as unquestioned leaders of the specialty. one of those was l. henry garland, late of san francisco, whose multifaceted accomplishments and vigorous personality made him a significant contributor to advances in radiology during 3 decades. the garland family has endowed an annual lecture at the meeting of the california radiological society. this essay is taken from the 1991 lecture, which was an assessment ...	1994	8134586
human plague--united states, 1993-1994.	from 1944 through 1993, 362 cases of human plague were reported in the united states; approximately 90% of these occurred in four western states with endemic disease (arizona, california, colorado, and new mexico). during each successive decade of this period, the number of states reporting cases increased from three during 1944-1953 to 13 during 1984-1993 (figure 1), indicating the spread of human plague infection eastward to areas where cases previously had not been reported. in 1993, health d ...	1994	8145715
serotypic differentiation of rotaviruses in field samples from diarrheic pigs by using nucleic acid probes specific for porcine vp4 and human and porcine vp7 genes.	of 216 fecal and intestinal samples collected from nursing or weaned diarrheic pigs in the united states and canada, 57 were identified as group a rotavirus positive by rna electrophoresis and silver staining. fifty-seven and 52 rotavirus-positive samples were analyzed by hybridization with gottfried and osu pcr-derived gene 9 and 4 probes, respectively. only 17 samples were identified with either homologous vp4 (p)- or vp7 (g)-coding genes or both. one rotavirus identified as g4 and p7 was simi ...	1994	8150940
acetylator phenotype, aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adduct levels, and bladder cancer risk in white, black, and asian men in los angeles, california.	there is a large body of epidemiologic and experimental data that have identified a number of arylamines as human bladder carcinogens. metabolic activation is required to biotransform these arylamines into their carcinogenic forms, and n-hydroxylation, which is catalyzed by the hepatic cytochrome p4501a2 isoenzyme, is generally viewed as the first critical step. on the other hand, the n-acetylation reaction, catalyzed by the hepatic n-acetyltransferase enzyme, represents a detoxification pathway ...	1994	8158701
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human plague--united states, 1993-1994.		1994	8158808
conflicts of interest and the physician's duty to inform.		1994	8166158
processed meats and risk of childhood leukemia (california, usa).	the relation between the intake of certain food items thought to be precursors or inhibitors of n-nitroso compounds (noc) and risk of leukemia was investigated in a case-control study among children from birth to age 10 years in los angeles county, california (united states). cases were ascertained through a population-based tumor registry from 1980 to 1987. controls were drawn from friends and by random-digit dialing. interviews were obtained from 232 cases and 232 controls. food items of princ ...	1994	8167267
sexual risk behavior and condom use among street youth in hollywood.	a study of 610 street youth aged 13-23 who attended drop-in centers in hollywood, calif., reveals that 96% are sexually experienced. one-half of the young men and one-third of the young women have engaged in sex for food, money, shelter, drugs or other items needed. twenty-five percent of the men and 15% of the women have injected drugs at some time in their life. some 45% of the men and 30% of the women used condoms at last intercourse. a logistic regression analysis found that among men, those ...	1994	8174692
is maternal diet worthwhile?		1994	7728226
case management of substance abusers with hiv disease.	case management is a promising intervention that has been used widely in many settings but is not well evaluated with substance abusers. this article describes a case management approach for substance abusers with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. clients are enrolled from emergency and outpatient clinics of a general hospital. case management focuses on encouraging a substance-free lifestyle, linking clients with needed services, and reducing their risk of transmitting hiv. a research ...	1994	7735090
the reluctance of house staff to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation in the inpatient setting: what are the considerations?	medical house staff are required to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) as part of their job responsibilities. previously it has been shown that house staff are reluctant to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (mmr) in an out of hospital setting. therefore, whether reluctance to perform mmr extends to the inpatient setting, and, if so, the reasons for this reluctance were investigated.	1994	7740188
california's gas chamber on trial.		1994	7767049
non-parametric estimation and doubly-censored data: general ideas and applications to aids.	in many epidemiologic studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, interest focuses on the distribution of the length of the interval of time between two events. in many such cases, statistical estimation of properties of this distribution is complicated by the fact that observation of the times of both events is subject to intervalcensoring so that the length of time between the events is never observed exactly. following degruttola and lagakos, we call such data doubly-censored. jewe ...	1994	7846412
new bioactive taxoids from cell cultures of taxus baccata.	four new taxoids were isolated from cell cultures of taxus baccata. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. two were the aglycones corresponding to previously isolated 7-o-xylosides of taxol c [1] and 10-deacetyltaxol c [2]. the third [3] had an n-methylated side-chain, while the fourth, named taxcultine [4], contained an n-propyl group on the side-chain. all four compounds actively promoted tubulin assembly. taxol c [1] showed potent and selective cytotoxicity in the nci hum ...	1994	7908950
serological surveillance of plague in dogs and cats, california, 1979-1991.	following natural infection both cats and dogs develop antibodies to plague which can be measured for several months after infection. besides being helpful in the diagnosis of plague in domestic carnivores, the antibody titer has important implications in outbreak investigation and surveillance programs. we report the first serological survey for plague in domestic carnivores conducted in california between 1979 and 1991 in five different settings or programs. a total of 4115 dogs and 466 cats w ...	1994	7924244
adaptability, a key ingredient in life.		1994	7928543
mono-ortho- and non-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk from mohawk and control women: effects of maternal factors and previous lactation.	fifty-four individual human milk samples from 50 mothers (20 mohawks and 30 controls) were analyzed for four non-ortho- and eight mono-ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). mean total coplanar pcbs concentrations were 49 ng/g and 55 ng/g lipid for mohawk and control women, respectively. a statistical evaluation of all analytical data reveals no significant difference of total coplanar pcb level between mohawk and control women. the level of these contaminants is influenced by the a ...	1994	7944559
changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in california from 1973 to 1992: a shift toward foodborne transmission.	from 1973 through 1992, 426 cases of human brucellosis were reported in california, of which 98% were laboratory confirmed. brucella melitensis was identified in 185 cases (78.7% of the bacteriologically typed cases). hispanics accounted for 81% of the cases from 1983 to 1992 compared with 65% during the previous decade (p < .01). the population-adjusted average annual incidence was higher in hispanics, especially in children and teenagers, compared with non-hispanic whites and african americans ...	1994	7963716
a cluster of tuberculosis among crack house contacts in san mateo county, california.	in march 1992, a cluster of 89 persons with tuberculosis infection was identified in san mateo county, california. thirteen persons (15%), including 11 children, were diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis. all contacts were african americans who resided in or visited one of two houses used for crack cocaine smoking or dealing. the patient with the index case, a male infected with human immunodeficiency virus, contributed to the transmission of tuberculosis as a transient resident of sever ...	1994	7977929
genotypic analysis of epstein-barr virus isolates associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in chinese immigrants to the united states.	ebv genotypes of first- and second-generation chinese diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the united states were analyzed by pcr techniques. previous studies showed a geographical distribution of genotypically distinct sub-types of ebv. viruses detected at a higher frequency among chinese npc patients (cf) were distinguished from those found in the majority of caucasian npc patients (df) in the united states by polymorphisms in the bamhi f and i regions. exploiting this distinction, we an ...	1994	7989111
pro-life nurses uniting for service.	the missouri pro-life nurses claim that nurses have lost the ethical basis of their profession. nurses need to reexamine their attitudes at a time when 1 in 5 physician-members of the american society of internal medicine admits to deliberately helping a patient end his or her life, and when many physicians and nurses favor euthanasia and abortion. former georgia nurse joseph dewey akin was sentenced in october 1992 to life imprisonment for injecting robert price, a quadriplegic, with a lethal d ...	1994	8006780
institute of human origins: separation issues.		1994	8016647
institute of human origins: separation issues.		1994	8016648
immigration and hiv infection: a pilot study.	this pilot study was conducted to determine areas in which additional education regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is needed by the undocumented and recently immigrated hiv-infected population, and to obtain preliminary information on the ability of this community to access medical treatment for hiv. information regarding health status, immigration status, and the use of medical services was obtained from all hiv-infected undocumented and recently immigrated individuals who sought ...	1994	8024945