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chemical composition and biological activities of santiria trimera (burseraceae) essential oils from gabon.water-distilled essential oils from leaves and bark of santiria trimera (oliv.) aubrév. (burseraceae) collected in gabon were analyzed using capillary gc-fid and gc-ms. the leaf essential oil, which is described for the first time, was dominated by sesquiterpenes (76.5%), among which alpha-humulene (34.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (14.9%) were the major components. the bark essential oil was almost exclusively monoterpenic, with alpha-pinene (51.5%) and alpha-terpineol (16.8%) as main constituents ...201020614835
comparison of enterotoxin production and phenotypic characteristics between emetic and enterotoxic bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus was divided into emetic toxin (cereulide)- and enterotoxin-producing strains, but emetic toxin-producing b. cereus is difficult to detect immunochemically. screening methods for emetic toxin-producing b. cereus are needed. the objectives of this study were to identify and detect emetic toxin-producing b. cereus among 160 b. cereus strains, and to compare enterotoxin production and phenotypic characteristics between the emetic toxin-producing and enterotoxin-producing strains. for ...201020615333
aureocins 4185, bacteriocins produced by staphylococcus aureus 4185: potential application in food preservation.in the present study, the bacteriocins produced by staphylococcus aureus 4185, a strain isolated from bovine mastitis, were purified and partially characterized. after purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography, and five runs of high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), antimicrobial activity was recovered with 40% and 80% isopropanol, suggesting that more than one antimicrobial peptide, named aureocins 4185, is produced by s. aureus 4185. mass spectromet ...201020618078
prevalence and diversity of insertion sequences in the genome of bacillus thuringiensis ybt-1520 and comparison with other bacillus cereus group members.members of the bacillus cereus group are closely related bacteria that exhibit highly divergent pathogenic properties. sequencing of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki strain ybt-1520 revealed an increased number of insertion sequences (iss) compared with those of the published b. cereus group genomes. although some of these iss have been observed and summarized in b. thuringiensis previously, a genomic characterization of their content is required to reveal their distribution and evolution. t ...201020618853
purification and characterization of chitinase from a new species strain pseudomonas sp. tku008.the chitinase producing strain tku008 was isolated from the soil in taiwan, and it was identified as a new species of pseudomonas. the culture condition suitable for production of chitinase was found to be shaken at 30 degrees c for 4 days in 100 ml of medium containing 1% shrimp and crab shell powder, 0.1 % k2hpo4 and 0.05% mgso4 . 7 h2o (ph 7). the tku008 chitinase was suppressed by the simultaneously existing protease, which also showed the maximum activity at the forth day of incubation. the ...201020622499
glucosamine-functionalized silver glyconanoparticles: characterization and antibacterial activity.we report the analytical and in vitro antibacterial activity of glucosamine-functionalized silver glyconanoparticles. morphological characterization ensured the surface topography and particle size distribution of both silver and glucosamine-silver nanoparticles. surface plasmon resonance of both types of nanoparticle was determined from uv-visible spectroscopy using four different sample concentrations (10-40 μl). the resulting functionalized glyconanoparticles show maximum absorbance with a re ...201020623220
cytotoxicity of the bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin requires specific binding order of its three exoprotein components.this study focuses on the interaction of the three components of the bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin with particular emphasis on the functional roles of nheb and nhec. the results demonstrated that both nheb and nhec were able to bind to vero cells directly while nhea lacked this ability. it was also shown that nhe-induced cytotoxicity required a specific binding order of the individual components whereby the presence of nhec in the priming step as well as the presence of nhea in the final incub ...201020624910
synthesis and evaluation of novel phosphate ester analogs as neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors.a novel sphingomyelin inhibitor ry221b-a, which contains a bipyridyl moiety as a metal coordination site was designed based upon the mechanism of phosphate ester hydrolysis. ry221b-a was synthesized from n-boc-sphingosine in three steps via selective etherification using stannyl acetal. synthesized ry221b-a exhibited relatively-strong inhibitory activity against bc-smase (ic(50)=1.2microm).201020627555
antioxidant and antibacterial activities on foodborne pathogens of artocarpus heterophyllus lam. (moraceae) leaves extracts.total water extract, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions from the leaves of artocarpus heterophyllus were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities against some foodborne pathogens such as e. coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enterica, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mics) of extract and fractions determined by the agar dilution method were ranged from 221.9 mi ...201020629886
viability and surface properties of spores subjected to a cleaning-in-place procedure: consequences on their ability to contaminate surfaces of equipment.this study was designed to evaluate how conditions encountered by spores during cleaning-in-place (cip) procedures affected their surface properties, their viability and ability to contaminate materials. spores from five bacillus cereus strains were treated with naoh at high temperature. results revealed that high temperatures (exceeding 60 degrees c) and naoh concentrations (over 0.5%) were required to significantly decrease spore viability (3-5log decrease). in these conditions, modifications ...201020630318
specific and reversible immobilization of nadh oxidase on functionalized carbon nanotubes.nanotechnology-inspired biocatalyst systems have attracted a lot of attention in enzyme immobilization recently. theoretically, nanomaterials are ideal supporting materials because they can provide the upper limits on enzyme-efficiency-determining factors such as surface area/volume ratio, enzyme loading capacity and mass transfer resistance. however, common immobilization methods have limited the applicability of these biocatalysts owing to enzyme leaching, 3d structure loss, and strong diffusi ...201020630484
food contamination in fast food restaurants in benin city, edo state, nigeria: implications for food hygiene and safety.to determine the prevalence of food contamination in the fast food restaurants operating in benin city, edo state, nigeria.201020630547
the genome of a bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of b. cereus with b. anthracis virulence plasmids.anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of bacillus anthracis. members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcr regulator gene. here we report the complete genome sequence of a bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. unlike classic b. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. four replicons were ...201020634886
comparing nonsynergistic gamma models with interaction models to predict growth of emetic bacillus cereus when using combinations of ph and individual undissociated acids as growth-limiting factors.a combination of multiple hurdles to limit microbial growth is frequently applied in foods to achieve an overall level of protection. quantification of hurdle technology aims at identifying synergistic or multiplicative effects and is still being developed. the gamma hypothesis states that inhibitory environmental factors aiming at limiting microbial growth rates combine in a multiplicative manner rather than synergistically. its validity was tested here with respect to the use of ph and various ...201020639365
[microbiological contamination of environments and surfaces at commercial restaurants].this study was carried out to provide subsidies for sanitary actions applied to manipulators, environments and surfaces, assessing levels of microbiological contamination in three commercial restaurants (a, b and c) in viçosa, minas gerais state. microbiological analysis were performed for presumptive counting of bacillus cereus and mesophilic aerobic bacteria on surfaces of stainless steel benches, equipments, utensils and hands of the manipulators (swab technique), and air (simple sedimentatio ...201020640321
implication of sphingomyelin/ceramide molar ratio on the biological activity of sphingomyelinase.sphingolipid signaling plays an important, yet not fully understood, role in diverse aspects of cellular life. sphingomyelinase is a major enzyme in these signaling pathways, catalyzing hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide and phosphocholine. to address the related membrane dynamical structural changes and their feedback to enzyme activity, we have studied the effect of enzymatically generated ceramide in situ on the properties of a well-defined lipid model system. we found a gel-phase format ...201020643068
post-antibacterial effect of thymol.the antibacterial activity of thymol has been well established and reported in the scientific literature. continued suppression of bacterial growth following limited exposure to antimicrobial compounds at different concentrations greater than or equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration level (mic) and at concentrations less than the mic can be used as an indicator of biological activity, and are respectively referred to as a post-antibacterial effect (pae) and a post-antibiotic sub-mic effe ...201020645735
evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides, isolated triterpene acids, and ursolic acid derivatives.the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides (dc.) naudin (melastomataceae), the isolated compounds ursolic and oleanolic acids and a mixture of these acids, and ursolic acid derivatives were evaluated against the following microorganisms: bacillus cereus (atcc 14579), vibrio cholerae (atcc 9458), salmonella choleraesuis (atcc 10708), klebsiella pneumoniae (atcc 10031), and streptococcus pneumoniae (atcc 6305). the microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibito ...201020645834
chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from sedum pallidum var. bithynicum and s. spurium grown in turkey.chemical compositions of the essential oil of sedum pallidum bieb. var. bithynicum (boiss.) and s. spurium bieb. (crassulaceae) from turkey were investigated by gc-ms, and antimicrobial activity of the oil samples were assessed against gram-positive/negative bacteria and yeast-like fungi. thirty-eight and thirty-five components were identified in the essential oils and the main components of these species were found to be caryophyllene oxide from s. pallidum var. bithynicum and hexahydrofarnesyl ...201020645839
an antibiotic, heavy metal resistant and halotolerant bacillus cereus siu1 and its thermoalkaline protease.many workers have reported halotolerant bacteria from saline conditions capable of protease production. however, antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance pattern of such organisms is not documented very well. similarly, only a few researchers have reported the pattern of ph change of fermentation medium during the course of protease production. in this study, we have isolated a halotolerant bacillus cereus siu1 strain from a non-saline environment and studied its antibiotic and heavy meta ...201020646325
bacillus cereus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with end-stage liver disease.bacillus cereus has been increasingly recognized as a virulent pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised patients.201020649455
the t box regulatory element controlling expression of the class i lysyl-trna synthetase of bacillus cereus strain 14579 is functional and can be partially induced by reduced charging of asparaginyl-trnaasn.lysyl-trna synthetase (lysrs) is unique within the aminoacyl-trna synthetase family in that both class i (lysrs1) and class ii (lysrs2) enzymes exist. lysrs1 enzymes are found in archaebacteria and some eubacteria while all other organisms have lysrs2 enzymes. all sequenced strains of bacillus cereus (except ah820) and bacillus thuringiensis however encode both a class i and a class ii lysrs. the lysk gene (encoding lysrs1) of b. cereus strain 14579 has an associated t box element, the first rep ...201020649968
hypercat: an extension of the supercat database for global multi-scheme and multi-datatype phylogenetic analysis of the bacillus cereus group population.the bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes species that are of significant medical and economic importance. we previously developed the supercat database, which integrates data from all five multilocus sequence typing (mlst) schemes available to infer the genetic relatedness within this group. since large numbers of isolates have been typed by other techniques, these should be incorporated in order to provide the most comprehensive and truly global view of the b. cereus group population. the ...201020651034
humidity-dependent bacterial cells functional morphometry investigations using atomic force microscope.the effect of a relative humidity (rh) in a range of 93-65% on morphological and elastic properties of bacillus cereus and escherichia coli cells was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. it is shown that gradual dehumidification of bacteria environment has no significant effect on cell dimensional features and considerably decreases them only at 65% rh. the increasing of the bacteria cell wall roughness and elasticity occurs at the same time. observed changes indicate that morphological prop ...201020652040
spectral, thermal and in vitro antimicrobial studies of cyclohexylamine-n-dithiocarbamate transition metal complexes.transition metal complexes of the type [m(l)(2)] and those containing monodentate phosphines of the type [m(l)(2)(pph(3))] {m=ni, co, cu and zn; l=cyclohexylamine-n-dithiocarbamate; pph(3)=triphenylphosphine} have been synthesized. the complexes were characterized using ir, uv-vis, nmr spectroscopy, and thermal analysis (tga). the (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and (31)p nmr showed the expected signals for the dithiocarbamate and triphenylphosphine moieties. the spectral studies in all compounds revealed t ...201020655805
the chemical constituents of endophytic fungus trichoderma sp. mff-1.a fungal strain named mff-1 was isolated from the flower of pyrethrum cinerariifolium. based on the sequence at the internal transcribed spacer (its) region, this strain was identified as a trichoderma sp. two new compounds, including a mitorubrin derivative and its potential biogenetic precursor, together with a known compound, were isolated from the cultures of the endophytic fungus. their structures were established by spectroscopic methods and determined to be (3s*,6r*,7r*)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexah ...201020658667
anthrax spore detection by a luminex assay based on monoclonal antibodies that recognize anthrose-containing oligosaccharides.the similarity of endospore surface antigens between bacteria of the bacillus cereus group complicates the development of selective antibody-based anthrax detection systems. the surface of b. anthracis endospores exposes a tetrasaccharide containing the monosaccharide anthrose. anti-tetrasaccharide monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and anti-anthrose-rhamnose disaccharide mabs were produced and tested for their fine specificities in a direct spore enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with inactiv ...201020660139
ability of bacillus cereus group strains to cause food poisoning varies according to phylogenetic affiliation (groups i to vii) rather than species affiliation.cytotoxic activity levels of culture filtrates and toxin distributions varied according to the phylogenetic group (i to vii) within the bacillus cereus group, suggesting that these groups are of different clinical significance and are more suitable than species affiliations for determining food poisoning risk. a first-line, simple online tool (https://www.tools.symprevius.org/bcereus/english.php) to assign strains to the different phylogenetic groups is presented.201020660215
an evaluation of commercial dna extraction kits for the isolation of bacterial spore dna from soil.to evaluate six commercial dna extraction kits for their ability to isolate pcr-quality dna from bacillus spores in various soil samples.201020666869
evaluation of various pcr assays for the detection of emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus.because conventional methods for detecting emetic-toxin-producing b. cereus are laborious and costly, various pcr assays, which are easy and cheap, have recently been reported. therefore, this study estimated and compared the ability of various pcr assays to detect emetic-toxin-producing b. cereus strains isolated in korea. the pcr assays were performed on 160 b. cereus strains, including 40 emetic-toxin-producing strains. although the species-specific pcr assays were all shown to be highly spec ...201020668404
inactivation of food-borne spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms on the surface of a photoactive polymer.the photodynamic action of a novel photoactive polymer comprising covalently bound anthraquinone (aq) moieties was evaluated after developing a methodology to reliably immobilize viable micro-organisms onto polymer film surfaces. the survival of escherichia coli, bacillus cereus (vegetative cells and spores), fusarium oxysporum and saccharomyces cerevisiae microbes inoculated on the surface of inert polymeric substrates was assessed to determine the effect of inoculum composition, drying rate an ...201020670362
survey on the microbiological quality of chinese food preparations.the microbiological quality of 118 samples of traditional chinese food from restaurants and take-away establishments in the provinces of padua, treviso, and venice was examined (april-july, 2008). these food items included various ready-to-eat products. the microbiological quality of the majority of these food items was acceptable; only 12% of samples had values greater than or equal to 6 log cfu/g (eight items were salads) and 19% of samples had values greater than 500 cfu fecal coliforms/g (p ...201020490663
lmbe proteins from bacillus cereus are de-n-acetylases with broad substrate specificity and are highly similar to proteins in bacillus anthracis.the genomes of bacillus cereus and its closest relative bacillus anthracis each contain two lmbe protein family homologs: bc1534 (ba1557) and bc3461 (ba3524). only a few members of this family have been biochemically characterized including n-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidyl inositol (glcnac-pi), 1-d-myo-inosityl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranoside (glcnac-ins), n,n'-diacetylchitobiose (glcnac(2)) and lipoglycopeptide antibiotic de-n-acetylases. all these enzymes share a common feature in ...201020491912
characterization of the properties of pediococcus parvulus for probiotic or protective culture use.pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (previously pediococcus damnosus 2.6, here confirmed as p. parvulus by 16s dna sequencing) displayed antibacterial activity toward several bacterial species, including isolates found as contaminants in oats, herein genetically identified as bacillus cereus. no inhibition of listeria monocytogenes was found under the conditions used. antibacterial activity was retrieved after ammonium sulfate or acetone precipitation showed it to be peptide mediated. p. parvulus 2.6 has p ...201020501049
essential oil of galinsoga parviflora leaves from colombia.the chemical composition of the volatile compounds from the leaves of galinsoga parviflora cav. (asteraceae) from colombia was studied by gc and gc/ms. eighty-eight volatile compounds were identified, of which the major ones were (z)-3-hexen-1-ol (21.7%), beta-caryophyllene (12.4%), and 6-demethoxy-ageratochrome (14%). the leaf oil presented antimicrobial activities against the gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus.201021213993
synthesis of sugars embodying conjugated carbonyl systems and related triazole derivatives from carboxymethyl glycoside lactones. evaluation of their antimicrobial activity and toxicity.the synthesis of a series of pyranoid derivatives comprising a conjugated carbonyl function and related triazole derivatives, structurally suitable for bioactivity evaluation, was achieved in few steps starting from readily available carboxymethyl glycoside lactones (cmgl). 3-enopyranosid-2-uloses were generated by oxidation/elimination of tri-o-acylated 2-hydroxy pyranosides. subsequent wittig olefination provided stereoselectively 2-c-branched-chain conjugated dienepyranosides with (e)-configu ...201021215645
comparative proteome analysis of bacillus anthracis with pxo1 plasmid content.bacillus anthracis the causative agent of anthrax, is an important pathogen among the bacillus cereus group of species because of its physiological characteristics and its importance as a biological warfare agent. tripartite anthrax toxin proteins and a poly-d-glutamic acid capsule are produced by b. anthracis vegetative cells during mammalian hosts infection and when cultured in conditions that are thought to mimic the host environment. to identify the factors regulating virulence in b. anthrac ...201021221933
bacillus gaemokensis sp. nov., isolated from foreshore tidal flat sediment from the yellow sea.a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming organism, strain bl3-6(t), was isolated from tidal flat sediments of the yellow sea in the region of tae-an. a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate belongs to the bacillus cereus group, and is closely related to bacillus mycoides (99.0% similarity), bacillus thuringiensis (99.0%), bacillus weihenstephanensis (99.0%), bacillus cereus (98.9%), bacillus anthracis (98.8%), and bacillus pseudomycoides (98.1%). the phylogenetic d ...201021221948
germination and outgrowth of spores of bacillus cereus group members: diversity and role of germinant receptors.bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming toxicogenic human pathogen. endospores are highly specialized, metabolically dormant cell types that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions, including heat, dehydration and other physical stresses. b. cereus can enter a range of environments, and can in its spore form, survive harsh conditions. if these conditions become favorable, spores can germinate and grow out and reach considerable numbers in a range of ...201021315974
extended and global phylogenetic view of the bacillus cereus group population by combination of mlst, aflp, and mlee genotyping data.the bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes species that can cause food-poisoning or spoilage, such as b. cereus, as well as bacillus anthracis, the cause of anthrax. in the present report we have conducted a multi-datatype analysis using tools from the hypercat database (http://mlstoslo.uio.no/) that we recently developed, combining data from multilocus sequence typing (tourasse et al., 2010), amplified fragment length polymorphism, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis typing techniques. we ...201021315979
a mixed-species microarray for identification of food spoilage bacilli.failure of food preservation is frequently caused by thermostable spores of members of the bacillaceae family, which show a wide spectrum of resistance to cleaning and preservation treatments. we constructed and validated a mixed-species genotyping array for 6 bacillus species, including bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus pumilus, bacillus sporothermodurans, bacillus cereus and bacillus coagulans, and 4 geobacillus species, including geobacillus stearothermophilus, geobacillus t ...201021315980
biodiversity of psychrotrophic bacteria of the bacillus cereus group collected on farm and in egg product industry.the aim of the present study was (i) to type, by genotypic and phenotypic methods, a collection of psychrotrophic bacteria belonging to the bacillus cereus group collected in a farm and in 6 egg breaking industries during a period covering a warm and a cold season, and (ii) to characterize the egg product spoilage (growth in liquid whole egg) and the sanitary risk potential (cytotoxic activity on caco-2 cells and adhesion on stainless steel) of each isolate of the collection. the investigation o ...201021315982
characterization of germination and outgrowth of sorbic acid-stressed bacillus cereus atcc 14579 spores: phenotype and transcriptome analysis.sorbic acid (sa) is widely used as a preservative, but the effect of sa on spore germination and outgrowth has gained limited attention up to now. therefore, the effect of sorbic acid on germination of spores of bacillus cereus strain atcc 14579 was analyzed both at phenotype and transcriptome level. spore germination and outgrowth were assessed at ph 5.5 without and with 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mm (final concentrations) undissociated sorbic acid (hsa). this resulted in distinct hsa concentration-depe ...201021315984
transcriptional kinetic analyses of cereulide synthetase genes with respect to growth, sporulation and emetic toxin production in bacillus cereus.in light of the increasing number of serious food borne outbreaks caused by emetic bacillus cereus, a better understanding of the cereulide synthetase (ces) gene expression and toxin synthesis is required. here, the relative expression levels of three ces genes (cesp, cesa and cesb) were investigated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr in relation to growth, degree of sporulation and toxin production of the emetic reference strain b. cereus f4810/72 and the weakly emetic strai ...201021315985
spores of bacillus cereus strain kbab4 produced at 10 °c and 30 °c display variations in their properties.spores of the psychrotrophic bacillus cereus kbab4 strain were produced at 10 °c and 30 °c in fermentors. spores produced at 30 °c were more resistant to wet heat at 85 °c, 1% glutaraldehyde, 5% hydrogen peroxide, 1m naoh and pulsed light at fluences between 0.5 and 1.75 jcm(-2) and to a lesser extent to monochromatic uv-c at 254 nm. no difference in resistance to 0.25 mm formaldehyde, 1m nitrous acid and 0.025 gl(-1) calcium hypochlorite was observed. spores produced at 10 °c germinated more ef ...201021315986
combined effect of lysozyme and nisin at different incubation temperature and mild heat treatment on the probability of time to growth of bacillus cereus.stochastic models can be useful to predict the risk of foodborne illness. the presence of bacillus cereus in liquid egg can pose a serious hazard to the food industry, since a mild heat treatment cannot guarantee its complete inactivation. however, most of the information available in the scientific literature is deterministic, including growth of b. cereus. in this paper, a stochastic approach to evaluate growth of b. cereus cells influenced by different stresses (presence of nisin and lysozyme ...201021315988
cleaning effectiveness of chlorine-free detergents for use on dairy farms.a method for evaluating cleaning effect based on bacillus cereus spores was developed and tested in a model system designed to resemble actual farm conditions. a test rig with four removable sampling plates was mounted in a milk line. the plates were attached at the end of t-junctions protruding either 1·5 or 3-times the milk pipe diameter from the main loop to reflect different levels of cleaning difficulty. in each cleaning test, b. cereus spores were applied to the four sampling plates to sim ...201021134310
pitiprolamide, a proline-rich dolastatin 16 analogue from the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula from guam.an unusual cyclic depsipeptide, pitiprolamide (1), was isolated from the marine cyanobacterium lyngbya majuscula collected at piti bomb holes, guam. the structure was deduced using nmr, ms, x-ray crystallography, and enantioselective hplc-ms techniques. remarkably, proline represents half of the residues forming pitiprolamide (1). other distinctive features include a 4-phenylvaline (dolaphenvaline, dpv) moiety initially found in dolastatin 16 and the rare 2,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid (dmh ...201021138309
autocatalytic intramolecular isopeptide bond formation in gram-positive bacterial pili: a qm/mm simulation.many gram-positive pathogens possess external pili or fimbriae with which they adhere to host cells during the infection process. unusual dual intramolecular isopeptide bonds between asn and lys side chains within the n-terminal and c-terminal domains of the pilus subunits have been observed initially in the streptococcus pyogenes pilin subunit spy0128 and subsequently in gbs52 from streptococcus agalactiae, in the bcpa major pilin of bacillus cereus and in the rrgb pilin of streptococcus pneumo ...201021142157
the importance of bacterial membrane composition in the structure and function of aurein 2.2 and selected variants.for cationic antimicrobial peptides to become useful therapeutic agents, it is important to understand their mechanism of action. to obtain high resolution data, this involves studying the structure and membrane interaction of these peptides in tractable model bacterial membranes rather than directly utilizing more complex bacterial surfaces. a number of lipid mixtures have been used as bacterial mimetics, including a range of lipid headgroups, and different ratios of neutral to negatively charg ...201021144817
bacterial killing by dry metallic copper surfaces.metallic copper surfaces rapidly and efficiently kill bacteria. cells exposed to copper surfaces accumulated large amounts of copper ions, and this copper uptake was faster from dry copper than from moist copper. cells suffered extensive membrane damage within minutes of exposure to dry copper. further, cells removed from copper showed loss of cell integrity. acute contact with metallic copper surfaces did not result in increased mutation rates or dna lesions. these findings are important first ...201021148701
cell viability effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tunisian date syrup (rub el tamer) polyphenolic extracts.the aqueous-acetone polyphenolic extract of the traditionally derived date syrup, known as "rub el tamer", was analyzed using rp-hplc-dad and esi-ms. the phenolic content of the extract was 394.53 ± 1.13 mg per 100 g of syrup with caffeoylsinapylquinic acid as the most abundant compound (72.23%). the extract exhibited strong antioxidant activities as evaluated using the abts (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), dpph (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and frap (ferric reducing an ...201021155604
dose-responses of bacillus cereus rs87 for growth enhancement in various thai rice cultivars.to achieve the goal of reducing the levels of chemical fertilizers applied in rice production, there is a need to develop microorganisms with the capacity to enhance plant growth. previous studies have demonstrated that bacillus cereus rs87 promotes growth of various plants in greenhouse and field trials. the objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the efficacy and determine the optimum concentration of b. cereus rs87 to enhance growth of various thai rice cultivars, (ii) measure the chlor ...201021164571
inhibition of cereulide toxin synthesis by emetic bacillus cereus via long-chain polyphosphates.severe intoxications caused by the bacillus cereus emetic toxin cereulide can hardly be prevented due to the ubiquitous distribution and heat resistance of spores and the extreme thermal and chemical stability of cereulide. it would therefore be desirable to inhibit cereulide synthesis during food manufacturing processes or in prepared foods, which are stored under time-temperature abuse conditions. toward this end, the impacts of three long-chain polyphosphate (polyp) formulations on growth and ...201021169440
cholera- and anthrax-like toxins are among several new adp-ribosyltransferases.chelt, a cholera-like toxin from vibrio cholerae, and certhrax, an anthrax-like toxin from bacillus cereus, are among six new bacterial protein toxins we identified and characterized using in silico and cell-based techniques. we also uncovered medically relevant toxins from mycobacterium avium and enterococcus faecalis. we found agriculturally relevant toxins in photorhabdus luminescens and vibrio splendidus. these toxins belong to the adp-ribosyltransferase family that has conserved structure d ...201021170356
enterotoxigenic gene profiles of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium isolates recovered from honey.one hundred and thirty two bacillus cereus and 52 bacillus megaterium isolates from honeys were evaluated for the presence of genes encoding enterotoxin hbl, enterotoxin-t, cytotoxin k and the nhe complex, respectively. the relationship between hemolytic and coagulase activity and its correlation with the presence of the four mentioned enterotoxins was determined by principal component analysis (pca). pca in b. cereus revealed a positive correlation among free coagulase, hemolysis and the presen ...201021180393
mercury resistance in sporosarcina sp. g3.mercuric reductase (mera) enzyme plays an important role in biogeochemical cycling and detoxification of hg and recently, has also been shown to be useful in clean up of hg-contaminated effluents. present study describes isolation of a heavy metal-resistant isolate of sporosarcina, which could tolerate up to 40, 525, 210, 2900 and 370 μm of cd, co, zn, cr and hg respectively. it was found to reduce and detoxify redox-active metals like cr and hg. the chromate reductase and mera activities in the ...201021181488
structural studies of ion permeation and ca2+ blockage of a bacterial channel mimicking the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel pore.cyclic nucleotide-gated (cng) channels play an essential role in the visual and olfactory sensory systems and are ubiquitous in eukaryotes. details of their underlying ion selectivity properties are still not fully understood and are a matter of debate in the absence of high-resolution structures. to reveal the structural mechanism of ion selectivity in cng channels, particularly their ca(2+) blockage property, we engineered a set of mimics of cng channel pores for both structural and functional ...201021187429
cloning, expression, and purification of a nitric oxide synthase-like protein from bacillus cereus.the nitric oxide synthase-like protein from bacillus cereus (bcnos) has been cloned, expressed, and characterized. this small hemeprotein (356 amino acids in length) has a mass of 43 kda and forms a dimer. the recombinant protein showed similar spectral shifts to the mammalian nos proteins and could bind the substrates l-arginine and n(g)-hydroxy-l-arginine as well as the ligand imidazole. low levels of activity were recorded for the hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of n(g)-hydroxy-l-argini ...201021188074
you cannot b. cereus.this month's genome watch looks at the different bacillus species that can cause anthrax.201021189478
evaluation of phenotypic and pcr-based approaches for routine analysis of bacillus cereus group foodborne isolates.identification of bacillus cereus sensu stricto is a challenge for the food industry since it is being increasingly reported as implicated in many foodborne outbreaks. so far no conclusive microbiological or biochemical traits have been described for their specific differentiation. here a polyphasic approach aiming at identification of new isolates is presented. it was conducted on a total of 75 strains, 59 bacillus cereus group (29 reference strains and 30 food and environmental isolates) and 1 ...201021191654
bacillus cereus phosphopentomutase is an alkaline phosphatase family member that exhibits an altered entry point into the catalytic cycle.bacterial phosphopentomutases (ppms) are alkaline phosphatase superfamily members that interconvert α-d-ribose 5-phosphate (ribose 5-phosphate) and α-d-ribose 1-phosphate (ribose 1-phosphate). we investigated the reaction mechanism of bacillus cereus ppm using a combination of structural and biochemical studies. four high resolution crystal structures of b. cereus ppm revealed the active site architecture, identified binding sites for the substrate ribose 5-phosphate and the activator α-d-glucos ...201021193409
application of a functional mathematical index for antibacterial and anticarcinogenic effects of tea catechins.tea leaves produce secondary metabolites that are involved in the defense of the plants against invading pathogens. in the case of green teas, these metabolites are polyphenolic compounds called catechins. previous studies developed a mathematical formula called functional mathematical index (fmi) that was used to describe the quality of different olive oils and potatoes in terms of compositional parameters and antioxidative properties of individual components. this study extends the development ...201021194238
discrimination between the regioisomeric 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerophosphocholines by phospholipases.the artificial 1,3-diacyl-glycero-2-phosphocholines (1,3-pcs), which form similar aggregate structures as the naturally occurring 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholines (1,2-pcs), were tested as substrates for different classes of phospholipases such as phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) from porcine pancreas, bee and snake venom, and arabidopsis thaliana, phospholipase c (plc) from bacillus cereus, and phospholipase d (pld) from cabbage and streptomyces species. the regioisomers of the natural phosph ...201021195068
change of bacillus cereus flavonoid o-triglucosyltransferase into flavonoid o-monoglucosyltransferase by error-prone polymerase chain reaction.the attachment of sugar to flavonoids enhances their solubility. glycosylation is performed primarily by uridine diphosphate-dependent glycosyltransferases (ugts). the ugt from bacillus cereus, bcgt-1 transferred three glucose molecules into kaempferol. the structural analysis of bcgt-1 showed that its substrate binding site is wider than that of flavonoid monoglucosyltransferase of plant. in order to create monoglucosyltransferase from bcgt-1, error-prone polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was per ...201021030823
effects of mentha longifolia l. essential oil and nisin alone and in combination on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis in a food model and bacterial ultrastructural changes.in the face of emerging new pathogens and ever-growing health-conscious customers, food preservation technology remains on the top agenda of food industry. this study was aimed at determining the effects of the essential oil of mentha longifolia l., alone and in combination with nisin, on bacillus cereus and bacillus subtilis at 8°c and 25°c in a food model (commercial barley soup) during 15 days. the essential oil alone at 8°c inhibited bacterial growth significantly compared with the control ( ...201021034248
features of bacillus cereus swarm cells.when propagated on solid surfaces, bacillus cereus can produce differentiated swarm cells under a wide range of growth conditions. this behavioural versatility is ecologically relevant, since it allows this bacterium to adapt swarming to environmental changes. swarming by b. cereus is medically important: swarm cells are more virulent and particularly prone to invade host tissues. characterisation of swarming-deficient mutants highlights that flagellar genes as well as genes governing different ...201021035546
enhancement of wood waste decomposition by microbial inoculation prior to vermicomposting.to investigate the feasibility of microbial pre-decomposition of timber wastes to quality production of vermicompost with higher agronomic value, timber wastes were inoculated with different combinations of the fungi phanerochete chrysosporium, trichoderma reesei, aspergillus niger and the bacteria azotobacter chroococcum (mtcc 3853) and bacillus cereus (mtcc 4079) and incubated at 28-30 °c in a mechanical composter. the inoculation enhanced the degradation of timber wastes, increased total nitr ...201021036037
detection of microbial contaminants in mammalian cell cultures using a new fluorescence-based staining method.microbial contamination of cell culture production processes is a current concern for biopharmaceutical industries. traditional testing methods require several days to detect contamination and may advantageously be replaced by a rapid detection method. we developed a new method combining membrane filtration to microcolonies fluorescence staining method (mfsm) and compared it to epifluorescence microscopy.201021039669
effects of two probiotic additives containing bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens.the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of two commercially available probiotic additives, containing bacillus spores, on carcass and meat characteristics, serum lipids and concentration of cecal volatile fatty acids of meat type chickens. birds were fed regular corn-soy meal based feed (control), supplemented with additive a, containing 1.6 × 10(6) spores per gram of feed of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis (group a) or additive b, containing the same concentration of ba ...201021039931
novel sigmab regulation modules of gram-positive bacteria involve the use of complex hybrid histidine kinases.a common bacterial strategy to cope with stressful conditions is the activation of alternative sigma factors that control specific regulons enabling targeted responses. in the human pathogen bacillus cereus, activation of the major stress-responsive sigma factor σ(b) is controlled by a signalling route that involves the multi-sensor hybrid histidine kinase rsbk. rsbk-type kinases are not restricted to the b. cereus group, but occur in a wide variety of other bacterial species, including members ...201021051490
molecular identification and pectate lyase production by bacillus strains involved in cocoa fermentation.we have previously reported the implication of bacillus in the production of pectinolytic enzymes during cocoa fermentation. the objective of this work was to identify the bacillus strains isolated from cocoa fermentation and study their ability to produce pectate lyase (pl) in various growth conditions. ninety-eight strains were analyzed by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra). four different banding patterns were obtained leading to the clustering of the bacterial isolates into ...201021056768
development of real-time pcr assays for detection and quantification of bacillus cereus group species: differentiation of b. weihenstephanensis and rhizoid b. pseudomycoides isolates from milk.quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) offers an alternative method for the detection of bacterial contamination in food. this method provides the quantitation and determination of the number of gene copies. in our study, we established an rt-pcr assay using the lightcycler system to detect and quantify the bacillus cereus group species, which includes b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, b. mycoides, and b. pseudomycoides. a taqman assay was designed to detect a 285-b ...201021057027
short- and long-term biomarkers for bacterial robustness: a framework for quantifying correlations between cellular indicators and adaptive behavior.the ability of microorganisms to adapt to changing environments challenges the prediction of their history-dependent behavior. cellular biomarkers that are quantitatively correlated to stress adaptive behavior will facilitate our ability to predict the impact of these adaptive traits. here, we present a framework for identifying cellular biomarkers for mild stress induced enhanced microbial robustness towards lethal stresses. several candidate-biomarkers were selected by comparing the genome-wid ...201021060783
control of bacillus cereus in foods by rhodomyrtus tomentosa (ait.) hassk. leaf extract and its purified compound.edible natural products, either standardized plant extracts or pure compounds, provide unlimited opportunities as safe new antimicrobial agents. this study investigated the antibacterial properties of ethanolic extract from rhodomyrtus tomentosa (ait.) hassk. leaves against bacillus cereus. preliminary screening to evaluate the activities of the extract used a paper disc diffusion method against 65 food isolates. the extract produced large inhibition zones in all isolates, ranging from 10 to 18 ...201021067680
2-aminohydroxamic acid derivatives as inhibitors of bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine preferred phospholipase c pc-plc(bc).phosphatidylcholine preferring phospholipase c (pc-plc) is an important enzyme that plays a key role in a variety of cellular events and lipid homoeostases. bacillus cereus phospholipase c (pc-plc(bc)) has antigenic similarity with the elusive mammalian pc-plc, which has not thus far been isolated and purified. therefore the discovery of inhibitors of pc-plc(bc) is of current interest. here, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new type of compounds inhibiting pc-plc(bc). the ...201021071231
performance characteristics of the duopath® cereus enterotoxins assay for rapid detection of enterotoxinogenic bacillus cereus strains.the duopath® cereus enterotoxins test (merck kgaa) is a newly developed gold-labeled lateral flow immunoassay for the detection of bacillus cereus enterotoxins. the test uses monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the l(2) component of hemolysin bl (hbl) and nheb of the non-hemolytic enterotoxin (nhe), respectively. the inclusivity and exclusivity of the assay was tested using 44 b. cereus, b. cereus group and bacillus spp. strains. apart from the b. mycoides type strain the results were in full a ...201021074285
study of peptide fractions from hemolymph of galleria mellonella.changes in the peptide composition of hemolymph of galleria mellonella larvae induced by their immunization have been studied, and some new peptides have been found. the composition of fractions exhibiting antibacterial activity was investigated. known antibacterial peptides have been found in the hemolymph of control larvae and those immunized with bacteria.201021077837
biological and docking studies of topoisomerase iv inhibition by thiosemicarbazides.4-benzoyl-1-(4-methyl-imidazol-5-yl)-carbonylthiosemicarbazide (1) was synthesized, and its antibacterial and type iia topoisomerase (dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv) activity evaluated. (1) was found to have high therapeutic potential against opportunistic gram-positive bacteria, and inhibitory activity against topoisomerase iv (ic(50) = 90 μm) but not against dna gyrase. an increase in activity against topoisomerase iv (ic(50) = 14 μm) was observed when the imidazole moiety of (1) was replaced ...201021080016
a modified culture-based study of bacterial community composition in a tannery wastewater treatment plant.though culture-independent methods have been used in preference to traditional isolation techniques for characterization of microbial community of wastewater treatment plants, it is difficult to widely apply this approach in resource-poor countries. the present study aimed to develop a test to identify the culturable portion of bacterial community in a high-strength wastewater. wastewater samples were collected from nitrification-denitrification and settling tanks of the treatment plant of elmo ...201021099040
antimicrobial activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 is enhanced in the presence of escherichia coli.increased antimicrobial activity was observed when bacillus amyloliquefaciens lbm 5006 strain was cultivated in the presence of thermally inactivated cells of escherichia coli, but not with staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, or bacillus cereus. e. coli also enhanced the antimicrobial activity when it was added to the medium in the form of living cells or as cell debris after cellular fractionation. no inducing activity was observed with addition of cell-free supernatant of e. coli cu ...201021104084
analysis of metal ion dependence in glms ribozyme self-cleavage and coenzyme binding.the bacterial glms ribozyme is mechanistically unique among both riboswitches and rna catalysts. its self-cleavage activity is the basis of riboswitch regulation of glucosamine-6-phosphate (glcn6p) production, and catalysis requires glcn6p as a coenzyme. previous work has shown that the coenzyme amine of glcn6p is essential for glms ribozyme self-cleavage, as is its protonation state. metal ions are also essential within the glms ribozyme core for both structure and function of the ribozyme. alt ...201021108273
a subtractively optimized dna microarray using non-sequenced genomic probes for the detection of food-borne pathogens.in this study, we present the successful detection of food-borne pathogens using randomly selected non-sequenced genomic dna probes-based dna microarray chips. three food-borne pathogens, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), and bacillus cereus, were subjected for the preparation of the dna microarray probes. initially, about 50 dna probes selected randomly from non-sequenced genomic dna of each pathogen were prepared by using a set of ...201021116735
bacillus cereus cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk are secreted via the sec translocation pathway.bacillus cereus and the closely related bacillus thuringiensis are gram positive opportunistic pathogens that may cause food poisoning, and the three secreted pore-forming cytotoxins hbl, nhe and cytk have been implicated as the causative agents of diarrhoeal disease. it has been proposed that the hbl toxin is secreted using the flagellar export apparatus (fea) despite the presence of sec-type signal peptides. as protein secretion is of key importance in virulence of a microorganism, the mechani ...201021118484
microbiological assessment in strawberry production and recommendations to establish a good agricultural practice system.this study conducted microbiological assessment in tunnel style strawberry greenhouses and packaging centers and suggested recommendations to establish a good agricultural practice for strawberry production. the samples from irrigation water, workers' gloves, harvest bins, soil, strawberry leaves and strawberries in greenhouses, packers' gloves, conveyor belts, packaging tables, and door knobs of entrances in packaging centers were collected. bacterial cell counts of aerobic plate counts, colifo ...201021121865
testing standards for sporicides.sporicidal products are of considerable importance in healthcare environments due to the requirement for products that are capable of dealing with contamination with clostridium difficile spores. sporicidal testing standards to validate the claims of sporicidal activity are an important tool in the evaluation of commercial sporicides. within europe there are a number of sporicidal testing standards which are often used to validate the claims of commercial sporicides. however, the extent to which ...201021122947
minimization of glycerol synthesis in industrial ethanol yeast without influencing its fermentation performance.to synthesize glycerol, a major by-product during anaerobic production of ethanol, the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae would consume up to 4% of the sugar feedstock in typical industrial ethanol processes. the present study was dedicated to decreasing the glycerol production mostly in industrial ethanol producing yeast without affecting its desirable fermentation properties including high osmotic and ethanol tolerance, natural robustness in industrial processes. in the present study, the gpd1 gen ...201021126600
bacillus anthracis sin locus and regulation of secreted proteases.bacillus anthracis shares many regulatory loci with the nonpathogenic bacillus species bacillus subtilis. one such locus is sinir, which in b. subtilis controls sporulation, biofilm formation, motility, and competency. as b. anthracis is not known to be motile, to be naturally competent, or to readily form biofilms, we hypothesized that the b. anthracis sinir regulon is distinct from that of b. subtilis. a genome-wide expression microarray analysis of b. anthracis parental and sinr mutant strain ...201021131488
antibacterial efficacy of raw and processed honey.in vitro antibacterial activity of methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of raw and processed honey was tested against gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and micrococcus luteus) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella typhi). both types of honey showed antibacterial activity against tested organisms with the zone of inhibition (zoi) ranging from 6.94 to 37.94 mm, while e. c ...201021350671
amino acids improve acid tolerance and internal ph maintenance in bacillus cereus atcc14579 strain.this study investigated the involvement of glutamate-, arginine- and lysine-dependent systems in the acid tolerance response (atr) of bacillus cereus atcc14579 strain. cells were grown in a chemostat at external ph (ph(e)) 7.0 and 5.5. population reduction after acid shock at ph 4.0 was strongly limited in cells grown at ph 5.5 (acid-adapted) compared with cells grown at ph 7.0 (unadapted), indicating that b. cereus cells grown at low ph(e) were able to induce a marked atr. glutamate, arginine a ...201021356439
detection and quantification of spoilage and pathogenic bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis by real-time pcr.a new primer-probe set for the detection and quantification of bacillus cereus, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis by real-time pcr (rti-pcr) was developed. for it, forty-eight strains belonging to these species were considered. the dna of these strains was isolated and a fragment of the 16s rrna gene amplified. the amplicons were sequenced and the obtained sequences were aligned with reference sequences from the genbank. for the development of the real-time pcr (rti-pcr) methodology b ...201021356471
akara ogbomoso: microbiological examination and identification of hazards and critical control points.akara ogbomoso was examined toward the establishment of hazard analysis and critical control point (haccp). the akara was produced in residential buildings with the attendant consequence of contamination. there was ample growth of aerobes, coliforms, staphylococci, shigella and yeast/mold from the samples, water and cowpea pastes. microbial contaminations occur through the processing, which can be corrected through education by adopting good hygienic and manufacturing practices. the critical con ...201021339157
[myonecrosis in users of injecting drugs (a clinical case)].myonecrosis remains one of the severest manifestations of skin and soft tissue infections. clostridia (c. perfringens, c. novyi, c. septicum, c. sordellii, c. histolyticum) are dominant and staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, bacillus cereus, and bacteriodes fragilis are much less in the etiology of myonecrosis. cases of gas gangrene have recently become more frequent among injection drug users all over the world. russia has become the largest opiate market in europe and consumption o ...201021381347
antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against bacterial and fungal species involved in food poisoning and/or food decay.the currative properties of aromatic and medicinal plants have been recognized since ancient times and, more recently, the antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils has been used in several applications, including food preservation. the purpose of this study was to create directly comparable, quantitative data on the antimicrobial activity of some plant essential oils prepared in the national institute of research-development for chemistry and petrochemistry, bucharest to be used for the fu ...201021462837
evaluation of antibacterial activity of 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 2-phenylethyl, and benzyl isothiocyanate in brassica vegetables.this study investigated antibacterial activities of 4 isothiocyanates (3-butenyl, 4-phentenyl, 2-phenylethyl, and benzyl isothiocyanate) against 4 gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, and staphylococcus aureus) and 7 gram-negative bacteria (aeromonas hydrophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella choleaesuis, salmonella enterica, serratia marcescens, shigella sonnei, and vibrio parahaemolyticus) by an agar disc diffusion assay. benzyl isothiocyanate ...201021535549
[microbiological evaluation of ready-to-eat foods manufactured by small costa rican industries].ready-to-eat (rte) foods are processed foodstuffs which have gained popularity in recent times because they can be ingested without further thermic treatments. in this work, the microbiological quality and safety of 90 samples of rte foods manufactured by small costa rican industries was determined to evaluate whether they represent a public health risk. twenty-six samples of pickled vegetables, 18 dips, 18 salads, and 12 sweet treats were studied. each sample was analyzed with regard to its ph, ...201021427886
the role of two families of bacterial enzymes in putrescine synthesis from agmatine via agmatine deiminase.putrescine, one of the main biogenic amines associated to microbial food spoilage, can be formed by bacteria from arginine via ornithine decarboxylase (odc), or from agmatine via agmatine deiminase (agdi). this study aims to correlate putrescine production from agmatine to the pathway involving n-carbamoylputrescine formation via addi (the agua product) and n-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase (the agub product), or putrescine carbamoyltransferase (the ptca product) in bacteria. pcr methods were ...201021404211
antioxidative and antibacterial effects of seeds and fruit rind of nutraceutical plants belonging to the fabaceae family.in the present study, the seeds and fruit rind of six plants of the fabaceae family were selected to evaluate their potential as antioxidant and antibacterial agents. the dried powders were individually extracted with various organic solvents by the cold percolation method, were evaluated for antibacterial activity and methanol extracts used for antioxidant activities. total phenol, protein and sugar contents were also measured. antioxidant activities were measured by dpph free radical scavengin ...201021776481
the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf oil of cupressus lusitanica from monteverde, costa rica.the essential oils from the leaves of three different individuals of cupressus lusitanica were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. a total of 49 compounds were identified in the leaf oils. the major components of c. lusitanica leaf oil were +¦-pinene (40%-82%), limonene (4%-18%), isobornyl acetate (up to 10%) and cis-muurola-4(14),5-diene (up to 7%). the essential oil was screened for antimicrobial activity, and it showed antibacterial activity a ...201021808533
antimicrobial screening of ethnobotanically important stem bark of medicinal plants.the stem barks are the rich sources of tannins and other phenolic compounds. tannins inhibited the growth of various fungi, yeast, bacteria and virus. hence, ten stem barks of ethnomedicinally important plants were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities against human pathogenic strains.201021808577
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