Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| structural and computational dissection of the catalytic mechanism of the inorganic pyrophosphatase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | family i inorganic pyrophosphatases (ppiases) are ubiquitous enzymes that are critical for phosphate metabolism in all domains of life. the detailed catalytic mechanism of these enzymes, including the identity of the general base, is not fully understood. we determined a series of crystal structures of the ppiase from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb ppiase) bound to catalytic metals, inorganic pyrophosphate (ppi; the reaction substrate) and to one or two inorganic phosphate ions (pi; the reactio ... | 2015 | 26296329 |
| re-engineering nalidixic acid's chemical scaffold: a step towards the development of novel anti-tubercular and anti-bacterial leads for resistant pathogens. | occurrence of antibacterial and antimycobacterial resistance stimulated a thrust to discover new drugs for infectious diseases. herein we report the work on re-engineering nalidixic acid's chemical scaffold for newer leads. stepwise clubbing of quinoxaline, 1,2,4-triazole/1,3,4-oxadiazole with nalidixic acid yielded better compounds. compounds were screened against ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria and mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv species. results were obtained as minimum inhibitory concentra ... | 2015 | 26277407 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis recg protein but not ruvab or reca protein is efficient at remodeling the stalled replication forks: implications for multiple mechanisms of replication restart in mycobacteria. | aberrant dna replication, defects in the protection, and restart of stalled replication forks are major causes of genome instability in all organisms. replication fork reversal is emerging as an evolutionarily conserved physiological response for restart of stalled forks. escherichia coli recg, ruvab, and reca proteins have been shown to reverse the model replication fork structures in vitro. however, the pathways and the mechanisms by which mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow growing human patho ... | 2015 | 26276393 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and sos-dependent increase in mutation frequency are impacted by escherichia coli topoisomerase i c-terminal point mutation. | topoisomerase functions are required in all organisms for many vital cellular processes, including transcription elongation. the c terminus domains (ctd) of escherichia coli topoisomerase i interact directly with rna polymerase to remove transcription-driven negative supercoiling behind the rna polymerase complex. this interaction prevents inhibition of transcription elongation from hypernegative supercoiling and r-loop accumulation. the physiological function of bacterial topoisomerase i in tra ... | 2015 | 26248366 |
| sufb intein of mycobacterium tuberculosis as a sensor for oxidative and nitrosative stresses. | inteins are mobile genetic elements that self-splice at the protein level. mycobacteria have inteins inserted into several important genes, including those corresponding to the iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein sufb. curiously, the sufb inteins are found primarily in mycobacterial species that are potential human pathogens. here we discovered an exceptional sensitivity of mycobacterium tuberculosis sufb intein splicing to oxidative and nitrosative stresses when expressed in escherichia coli. ... | 2015 | 26240361 |
| prostatic abscess caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and escherichia coli in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 2015 | 26230573 | |
| identification and application of ssdna aptamers against h₃₇rv in the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | microscopy of direct smear with the ziehl-neelsen stain is still broadly used in tuberculosis diagnosis. however, this method suffers from low specificity and is difficult to distinguish mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) from nontuberculosis mycobacterial (ntm), since all mycobacterial species are positive in ziehl-neelsen stain. in this study, we utilized whole cell selex to obtain species-specific aptamers for increasing the specificity of mtb detection. whole cell selex was performed in mtb re ... | 2015 | 26194558 |
| aerosol transmission of infectious disease. | the concept of aerosol transmission is developed to resolve limitations in conventional definitions of airborne and droplet transmission. | 2015 | 25816216 |
| acyl acceptor recognition by enterococcus faecium l,d-transpeptidase ldtfm. | in mycobacterium tuberculosis and ampicillin-resistant mutants of enterococcus faecium, the classical target of β-lactam antibiotics is bypassed by l,d-transpeptidases that form unusual 3 → 3 peptidoglycan cross-links. β-lactams of the carbapenem class, such as ertapenem, are mimics of the acyl donor substrate and inactivate l,d-transpeptidases by acylation of their catalytic cysteine. we have blocked the acyl donor site of e. faecium l,d-transpeptidase ldt(fm) by ertapenem and identified the ac ... | 2015 | 26101813 |
| severe meningoencephalitis co-infection due to cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus. | the incidences of infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and cryptococcus neoformans in immunocompromised patients have increased, but there are few documented cases of their coexistence. we present the case of a 9-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide, who was admitted to the emergency department with a 2-week history of fever, headache, malaise, fatigue, and diplopia 3 years after diagnosis. physical examination showed limitati ... | 2015 | 25449228 |
| acetylation of trehalose mycolates is required for efficient mmpl-mediated membrane transport in corynebacterineae. | pathogenic species of mycobacteria and corynebacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, synthesize complex cell walls that are rich in very long-chain mycolic acids. these fatty acids are synthesized on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane and are subsequently transported to the periplasmic space as trehalose monomycolates (tmm), where they are conjugated to other cell wall components and to tmm to form trehalose dimycolates (tdm). mycobacterial tmm, and th ... | 2015 | 25427102 |
| sphingomyelinase d inhibits store-operated ca2+ entry in t lymphocytes by suppressing orai current. | infections caused by certain bacteria including mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis provoke inflammatory responses characterized by the formation of granulomas with necrotic foci-so-called caseous necrosis. the granulomas of infected animals show prominent infiltration by t lymphocytes, and t cell depletion increases host mortality. notorious zoonotic c. pseudotuberculosis secretes sphingomyelinase (smase) d, a phospholipase that cleaves off the choline moiety of sp ... | 2015 | 26216860 |
| total synthesis of the tiacumicin b (lipiarmycin a3/fidaxomicin) aglycone. | tiacumicin b (lipiarmycin a3, fidaxomicin) is an atypical macrolide antibiotic which is used for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. tiacumicin b is also a potent inhibitor of mycobacterium tuberculosis, but due to its limited oral bioavailability is unsuitable for systemic therapy. to provide a basis for structure-activity studies that might eventually lead to improved variants of tiacumicin b, we have developed an efficient approach to the synthesis of the tiacumicin b aglycone. ... | 2015 | 25510439 |
| influence of sequence mismatches on the specificity of recombinase polymerase amplification technology. | recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) technology relies on three major proteins, recombinase proteins, single-strand binding proteins, and polymerases, to specifically amplify nucleic acid sequences in an isothermal format. the performance of rpa with respect to sequence mismatches of closely-related non-target molecules is not well documented and the influence of the number and distribution of mismatches in dna sequences on rpa amplification reaction is not well understood. we investigated ... | 2015 | 25481659 |
| total synthesis of the protected aglycon of fidaxomicin (tiacumicin b, lipiarmycin a3). | fidaxomicin, also known as tiacumicin b or lipiarmycin a3, is a novel macrocyclic antibiotic that is used in hospitals for the treatment of clostridium difficile infections. this natural product has also been shown to have excellent bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. in spite of its attractive biological activity, no total synthesis has been reported to date. the enantioselective synthesis of the central 18-membered macrolactone is reported herein. the ... | 2015 | 25431322 |
| tuberculosis and the risk of infection with other intracellular bacteria: a population-based study. | summary persons who develop tuberculosis (tb) may have subtle immune defects that could predispose to other intracellular bacterial infections (icbis). we obtained data on tb and five icbis (chlamydia trachomatis, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia spp., listeria monocytogenes) reported to the tennessee department of health, usa, 2000-2011. incidence rate ratios (irrs) comparing icbis in persons who developed tb and icbis in the tennessee population, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnici ... | 2015 | 25148655 |
| phenotypic complementation of genetic immunodeficiency by chronic herpesvirus infection. | variation in the presentation of hereditary immunodeficiencies may be explained by genetic or environmental factors. patients with mutations in hoil1 (rbck1) present with amylopectinosis-associated myopathy with or without hyper-inflammation and immunodeficiency. we report that barrier-raised hoil-1-deficient mice exhibit amylopectin-like deposits in the myocardium but show minimal signs of hyper-inflammation. however, they show immunodeficiency upon acute infection with listeria monocytogenes, ... | 2015 | 25599590 |
| screening and characterization of linear b-cell epitopes by biotinylated peptide libraries. | identification of b-cell epitopes is important for the use of antibodies as therapeutic agents, the design of epitope-based vaccines against infectious diseases, and immunological assays based on peptide antibodies. a large number of methods are available for epitope mapping, but many of them require specialized laboratories and are expensive. in this chapter, we describe a high-throughput approach for epitope mapping of peptide antibodies by use of a library of soluble, overlapping, biotinylate ... | 2015 | 26424277 |
| engineering of a novel adjuvant based on lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles: a quality-by-design approach. | the purpose of this study was to design a novel and versatile adjuvant intended for mucosal vaccination based on biodegradable poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (plga) nanoparticles (nps) modified with the cationic surfactant dimethyldioctadecylammonium (dda) bromide and the immunopotentiator trehalose-6,6'-dibehenate (tdb) (caf01) to tailor humoral and cellular immunity characterized by antibodies and th1/th17 responses. such responses are important for the protection against diseases caused by ... | 2015 | 25957906 |
| viruses and gram-negative bacilli dominate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in indonesia, a cohort study. | knowledge about the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is essential for adequate management. presently, few studies about cap are available from southeast asia. this study aimed to investigate the etiology, severity, and outcome of cap in the most populous southeast asia country, indonesia. | 2015 | 26255889 |
| differences in antigen-specific cd4+ responses to opportunistic infections in hiv infection. | hiv-infected individuals with severe immunodeficiency are at risk of opportunistic infection (oi). tuberculosis (tb) may occur without substantial immune suppression suggesting an early and sustained adverse impact of hiv on mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb)-specific cell mediated immunity (cmi). this prospective observational cohort study aimed to observe differences in oi-specific and mtb-specific cmi that might underlie this. using polychromatic flow cytometry, we compared cd4+ responses to mt ... | 2015 | 26417433 |
| peptides from the scorpion vaejovis punctatus with broad antimicrobial activity. | the antimicrobial potential of two new non-disulfide bound peptides, named vpamp1.0 (lpffllslipsaisaikki, amidated) and vpamp2.0 (fwgflgklamkavpsliggnksssk) is here reported. these are 19- and 25-aminoacid-long peptides with +2 and +4 net charges, respectively. their sequences correspond to the predicted mature regions from longer precursors, putatively encoded by cdnas derived from the venom glands of the mexican scorpion vaejovis punctatus. both peptides were chemically synthesized and assayed ... | 2015 | 26352292 |
| tuberculosis infection might increase the risk of invasive candidiasis in an immunocompetent patient. | deep candida infections commonly occur in immunosuppressed patients. a rare case of a multiple deep organ infection with candida albicans and spinal tuberculosis was reported in a healthy young man. the 19-year-old man complained of month-long fever and lower back pain. he also had a history of scalded mouth syndrome. coinfection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and candida albicans was diagnosed using the culture of aspirates from different regions. symptoms improved considerably after antifunga ... | 2015 | 26200971 |
| evaluation of substituted methyl cyclohexanone hybrids for anti-tubercular, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity: facile syntheses under catalysis by ionic liquids. | an library of unresolved racemic mannich bases incorporating two stereogenic carbon centers was evaluated for antibacterial activity against clinically isolated gram-positive bacteria i.e. staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and for antifungal activity against candida albicans strains. additionally, the susceptibility of microorganisms to mannich bases prompted us to evaluate the potential for anti-tubercular activity against clinically isola ... | 2015 | 26162339 |
| heroin use is associated with suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine response after lps exposure in hiv-infected individuals. | opioid use is associated with increased incidence of infectious diseases. although experimental studies have shown that opioids affect various functions of immune cells, only limited data are available from human studies. drug use is an important risk factor for hiv transmission; however no data are available whether heroin and/or methadone modulate immune response. therefore, we examined the effect of heroin and methadone use among hiv-infected individuals on the production of cytokines after e ... | 2015 | 25830312 |
| antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of thiourea derivatives incorporating a 2-aminothiazole scaffold. | a series of new thiourea derivatives of 1,3-thiazole have been synthesized. all obtained compounds were tested in vitro against a number of microorganisms, including gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods and candida albicans. compounds were also tested for their in vitro tuberculostatic activity against the mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv strain, as well as two 'wild' strains isolated from tuberculosis patients. compounds 3 and 9 showed significant inhibition against gram-positive cocci (stan ... | 2015 | 25757494 |
| the effect of hyperglycaemia on in vitro cytokine production and macrophage infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for tuberculosis but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. we examined the effects of hyperglycaemia, a hallmark of diabetes, on the cytokine response to and macrophage infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis. increasing in vitro glucose concentrations from 5 to 25 mmol/l had marginal effects on cytokine production following stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with m. tuberculosis lysate, lps or candida albic ... | 2015 | 25664765 |
| polymicrobial purulent pericarditis probably caused by a broncho-lymph node-pericardial fistula in a patient with tuberculous lymphadenitis. | purulent pericarditis is a rare condition with a high mortality rate. we report a case of purulent pericarditis subsequently caused by candida parapsilosis, peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus, streptococcus anginosus, staphylococcus aureus, prevotella oralis, and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a previously healthy 17-year-old boy with mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis. the probable route of infection was a bronchomediastinal lymph node-pericardial fistula. the patient improved with antibioti ... | 2015 | 26788411 |
| host-pathogen interaction during bacterial vaccination. | vaccines have been developed and deployed against several important bacterial pathogens of humans, including neisseria meningitidis, bordetella pertussis, streptococcus pneumoniae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. these vaccines are generally considered a successful public health measure and are effective at controlling disease symptoms and/or burden. however, a troubling consequence of recent vaccination programs has been the selection of vaccine escape mutants, whereby the pathogen displays a di ... | 2015 | 25966310 |
| carrot cells: a pioneering platform for biopharmaceuticals production. | carrot (daucus carota l.) is of importance in the molecular farming field as it constitutes the first plant species approved to produce biopharmaceuticals for human use. in this review, features that make carrot an advantageous species in the molecular farming field are analyzed and a description of the developments achieved with this crop thus far is presented. a guide for genetic transformation procedures is also included. the state of the art comprises ten vaccine prototypes against measles v ... | 2015 | 25572939 |
| characterization of atpase activity of the aaa arc from bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. | bifidobacteria are considered to be probiotics that exist in the large intestine and are helpful to maintain human health. oral administration of bifidobacteria may be effective in improving the intestinal flora and environment, stimulating the immune response and possibly preventing cancer. however, for consistent and positive results, further well-controlled studies are urgently needed to describe the basic mechanisms of this microorganism. analysis of the proteasome-lacking bifidobacterium lo ... | 2015 | 26015994 |
| brucella melitensis and mycobacterium tuberculosis depict overlapping gene expression patterns induced in infected thp-1 macrophages. | pathogens infecting mammalian cells have developed various strategies to suppress and evade their hosts' defensive mechanisms. in this line, the intracellular bacteria that are able to survive and propagate within their host cells must have developed strategies to avert their host's killing attitude. studying the interface of host-pathogen confrontation can provide valuable information for defining therapeutic approaches. brucellosis, caused by the brucella strains, is a zoonotic bacterial disea ... | 2015 | 27175205 |
| pathologic basis of pyogenic, nonpyogenic, and other spondylitis and discitis. | pyogenic spondylitis and discitis are usually seen following a recent infection or surgery. a septic embolus causes an infarcted area within the bone. pyogenic spondylitis is characterized by edema, vascular leakage, and supportive inflammatory reaction characterized with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. in tuberculosis of the spine, active lesions are characterized by formation of epithelioid granulomas with central caseating necrosis. mycobacterium tuberculosis can be shown by histochemical stain ... | 2015 | 25952170 |
| bacterial, fungal and protozoan carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. | the carbonic anhydrases (cas, ec 4.2.1.1), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the growth and virulence of pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and protozoa. | 2015 | 26235676 |
| the crystal structure of isoniazid-bound katg catalase-peroxidase from synechococcus elongatus pcc7942. | isoniazid (inh) is one of the most effective antibiotics against tuberculosis. inh is a prodrug that is activated by katg. although extensive studies have been performed in order to understand the mechanism of katg, even the binding site of inh in katg remains controversial. in this study, we determined the crystal structure of katg from synechococcus elongatus pcc7942 (sekatg) in a complex with inh at 2.12-å resolution. three inh molecules were bound to the molecular surface. one inh molecule w ... | 2015 | 25303560 |
| rotary-based platform with disposable fluidic modules for automated isolation of nucleic acids. | we describe the development and evaluation of a rotary-based platform with multiple disposable fluidic modules for simultaneous automatic nucleic acid (na) isolation from up to 24 biological samples. the procedure is performed inside insulated individual disposable modules, which minimizes both the risk of infection of personnel and laboratory cross-contamination. each module is a segment of a circular cylinder containing a leak-proof inlet port for sample input, reservoirs with lyophilized chem ... | 2015 | 25653066 |
| synthesis and biological activity of piperazine derivatives of phenothiazine. | some novel piperazine derivatives of phenothiazine were synthesized. the structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, ft-ir, (1)h- and (13)c-nmr and mass spectroscopy. the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal and antitubercular activity by cup plate, disc diffusion and lowenstein-jensen medium methods respectively. all the compounds showed good antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. compound v showed equi ... | 2015 | 24470309 |
| linked domain architectures allow for specialization of function in the ftsk/spoiiie atpases of esx secretion systems. | among protein secretion systems, there are specialized atpases that serve different functions such as substrate recognition, substrate unfolding, and assembly of the secretory machinery. esx (early secretory antigen target 6 kda secretion) protein secretion systems require ftsk/spoiiie family atpases but the specific function of these atpases is poorly understood. the atpases of esx secretion systems have a unique domain architecture among proteins of the ftsk/spoiiie family. all well-studied ft ... | 2015 | 24979678 |
| proteome-wide lysine acetylation profiling of the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis. | n(ɛ)-acetylation of lysine residues represents a pivotal post-translational modification used by both eukaryotes and prokaryotes to modulate diverse biological processes. mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, one of the most formidable public health threats. many aspects of the biology of m. tuberculosis remain elusive, in particular the extent and function of n(ɛ)-lysine acetylation. with a combination of anti-acetyllysine antibody-based immunoaffinity enrichment wi ... | 2015 | 25456444 |
| immunological characteristics of outer membrane protein omp31 of goat brucella and its monoclonal antibody. | we examined the immunological characteristics of outer membrane protein omp31 of goat brucella and its monoclonal antibody. genomic dna from the m5 strain of goat brucella was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pgex-4t-1. the expression and immunological characteristics of the fusion protein gst-omp31 were subjected to preliminary western blot detection with goat brucella rabbit immune serum. the brucella immunized balb/c mouse serum was dete ... | 2015 | 26505344 |
| oxa, thia, heterocycle, and carborane analogues of sq109: bacterial and protozoal cell growth inhibitors. | we synthesized a library of 48 analogs of the mycobacterium tuberculosis cell growth inhibitor sq109 in which the ethylene diamine linker was replaced by oxa-, thia- or heterocyclic species, and in some cases, the adamantyl group was replaced by a 1,2-carborane or the n-geranyl group by another hydrophobic species. compounds were tested against mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv and/or erdman), mycobacterium smegmatis, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma bru ... | 2015 | 26258172 |
| the essential role of sepf in mycobacterial division. | mycobacteria lack several of the components that are essential in model systems as escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis for the formation of the divisome, a ring-like structure assembling at the division site to initiate bacterial cytokinesis. divisome assembly depends on the correct placement of the ftsz protein into a structure called the z ring. notably, early division proteins that assist in the localisation of the z ring to the cytoplasmic membrane and modulate its structure are missing in ... | 2015 | 25943244 |
| a tatabc-type tat translocase is required for unimpaired aerobic growth of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc13032. | the twin-arginine translocation (tat) system transports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts. escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria possess a tatabc-type tat translocase in which each of the three inner membrane proteins tata, tatb, and tatc performs a mechanistically distinct function. in contrast, low-gc gram-positive bacteria, such as bacillus subtilis, use a tatac-type minimal tat translocase in which the tat ... | 2015 | 25837592 |
| auranofin exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal activities by targeting thiol-redox homeostasis. | infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a rising public health threat and make the identification of new antibiotics a priority. from a cell-based screen for bactericidal compounds against mycobacterium tuberculosis under nutrient-deprivation conditions we identified auranofin, an orally bioavailable fda-approved antirheumatic drug, as having potent bactericidal activities against both replicating and nonreplicating m. tuberculosis. we also found that auranofin is active against o ... | 2015 | 25831516 |
| in silico screening for novel inhibitors of dna polymerase iii alpha subunit of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtbdnae2, h37rv). | tuberculosis, a pandemic disease is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). dna polymerase iii encoded by dnae2 of mtb is specifically required for its survival in vivo, and hence can be considered to be a potential drug target. amino acid sequence analysis of the mtbdnae2 and its human counterpart does not show any significant similarity. therefore, a 3d model of the mtbdnae2 was generated using modeller 9v10 with the template structure of e. coli dna polymerase iii alpha subunit (2hnh_a). ... | 2015 | 25811866 |
| an optimized coupled assay for quantifying diaminopimelate decarboxylase activity. | diaminopimelate decarboxylase (dapdc) catalyzes the conversion of meso-dap to lysine and carbon dioxide in the final step of the diaminopimelate (dap) pathway in plants and bacteria. given its absence in humans, dapdc is a promising antibacterial target, particularly considering the rise in drug-resistant strains from pathogens such as escherichia coli and mycobacterium tuberculosis. here, we report the optimization of a simple quantitative assay for measuring dapdc catalytic activity using sacc ... | 2015 | 25986217 |
| biochemical and structural analysis of an eis family aminoglycoside acetyltransferase from bacillus anthracis. | proteins from the enhanced intracellular survival (eis) family are versatile acetyltransferases that acetylate amines at multiple positions of several aminoglycosides (ags). their upregulation confers drug resistance. homologues of eis are present in diverse bacteria, including many pathogens. eis from mycobacterium tuberculosis (eis_mtb) has been well characterized. in this study, we explored the ag specificity and catalytic efficiency of the eis family protein from bacillus anthracis (eis_ban) ... | 2015 | 25928210 |
| biosensors for monitoring airborne pathogens. | airborne pathogens affect both humans and animals and are often highly and rapidly transmittable. many problematic airborne pathogens, both viral (influenza a/h1n1, rubella, and avian influenza/h5n1) and bacterial (mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and bacillus anthracis), have huge impacts on health care and agricultural applications, and can potentially be used as bioterrorism agents. many different laboratory-based methods have been introduced and are currently being used. ... | 2015 | 25862683 |
| prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial pathogens in long-term manured greenhouse soils as revealed by metagenomic survey. | antibiotic resistance genes (args), human pathogenic bacteria (hpb), and hpb carrying args pose a high risk to soil ecology and public health. here, we used a metagenomic approach to investigate their diversity and abundance in chicken manures and greenhouse soils collected from guli, pulangke, and hushu vegetable bases with different greenhouse planting years in nanjing, eastern china. there was a positive correlation between the levels of antibiotics, args, hpb, and hpb carrying args in manure ... | 2015 | 25514174 |
| novel imidazo[2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles as promising antifungal agents against clinical isolate of cryptococcus neoformans. | we herein report the synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of twenty five novel hybrid derivatives of imidazo [2,1-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole containing chalcones (5a-o) and schiff bases (6a-j) against three fungal strains (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus niger). most of the tested compounds displayed substantial anti-fungal activity with mics ranging between 1.56 and 100 μg/ml. compounds 5a, 5b and 5n exhibited promising activity against c. neoformans at a mic 1.56 ... | 2015 | 25847769 |
| bacillus halodurans strain c125 encodes and synthesizes enzymes from both known pathways to form dump directly from cytosine deoxyribonucleotides. | analysis of the genome of bacillus halodurans strain c125 indicated that two pathways leading from a cytosine deoxyribonucleotide to dump, used for dtmp synthesis, were encoded by the genome of the bacterium. the genes that were responsible, the comeb gene and the dcdb gene, encoding dcmp deaminase and the bifunctional dctp deaminase:dutpase (dcd:dut), respectively, were both shown to be expressed in b. halodurans, and both genes were subject to repression by the nucleosides thymidine and deoxyc ... | 2015 | 25746996 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection has no impact on plasmodium berghei anka-induced experimental cerebral malaria in c57bl/6 mice. | cerebral malaria (cm) is the most severe complication of human infection with plasmodium falciparum. the mechanisms predisposing to cm are still not fully understood. proinflammatory immune responses are required for the control of blood-stage malaria infection but are also implicated in the pathogenesis of cm. a fine balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses is required for parasite clearance without the induction of host pathology. the most accepted experimental model to stud ... | 2015 | 26644378 |
| comparative sigma factor-mrna levels in mycobacterium marinum under stress conditions and during host infection. | we have used rnaseq and qrt-pcr to study mrna levels for all σ-factors in different mycobacterium marinum strains under various growth and stress conditions. we also studied their levels in m. marinum from infected fish and mosquito larvae. the annotated σ-factors were expressed and transcripts varied in relation to growth and stress conditions. some were highly abundant such as siga, sigb, sigc, sigd, sige and sigh while others were not. the σ-factor mrna profiles were similar after heat stress ... | 2015 | 26445268 |
| association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis in a chinese population in shanghai: a case-control study. | polymorphisms in cytokine genes are known to influence cytokine levels, which may influence susceptibility to tuberculosis (tb) infection and disease. differences in cytokine expression probably determine whether tb progresses, resolves, or becomes latent. in particular, the balance between the th1 and th2 cytokine responses influences the expression of disease in individuals with pulmonary tb (ptb). we performed a case-control study of 120 patients diagnosed with ptb, 240 with latent tb infecti ... | 2015 | 25887222 |
| transgenic carrot expressing fusion protein comprising m. tuberculosis antigens induces immune response in mice. | tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious diseases, which continues to pose a major global health problem. transgenic plants may serve as bioreactors to produce heterologous proteins including antibodies, antigens, and hormones. in the present study, a genetic construct has been designed that comprises the mycobacterium tuberculosis genes cfp10, esat6 and difn gene, which encode deltaferon, a recombinant analog of the human γ-interferon designed for expression in plant tissues. this const ... | 2015 | 25949997 |
| comparative genomics of field isolates of mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae provides evidence for possible correlates with bacterial viability and virulence. | mycobacteria of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) greatly affect humans and animals worldwide. the life cycle of mycobacteria is complex and the mechanisms resulting in pathogen infection and survival in host cells are not fully understood. recently, comparative genomics analyses have provided new insights into the evolution and adaptation of the mtbc to survive inside the host. however, most of this information has been obtained using m. tuberculosis but not other members of the mtb ... | 2015 | 26583774 |
| widespread environmental contamination with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex revealed by a molecular detection protocol. | environmental contamination with mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) has been considered crucial for bovine tuberculosis persistence in multi-host-pathogen systems. however, mtc contamination has been difficult to detect due to methodological issues. in an attempt to overcome this limitation we developed an improved protocol for the detection of mtc dna. mtc dna concentration was estimated by the most probable number (mpn) method. making use of this protocol we showed that mtc contamination ... | 2015 | 26561038 |
| patterns of mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex excretion and characterization of super-shedders in naturally-infected wild boar and red deer. | wild boar (sus scrofa) and red deer (cervus elaphus) are the main maintenance hosts for bovine tuberculosis (btb) in continental europe. understanding mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) excretion routes is crucial to define strategies to control btb in free-ranging populations, nevertheless available information is scarce. aiming at filling this gap, four different mtc excretion routes (oronasal, bronchial-alveolar, fecal and urinary) were investigated by molecular methods in naturally inf ... | 2015 | 26518244 |
| high frequency genetic transformation of cichorium intybus l. using nptii gene as a selective marker. | cichorium intybus l. is an important vegetable crop used as salad (leaf form) and for the production of coffee substitutes (root form). at the same time these plants can also be used in biotechnologies for synthesis of pharmaceutical proteins. here we report the possibility of high frequency agrobacterium rhizogenes- or a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of c. intybus l. for construction of transgenic "hairy" roots and plants. the used plasmids contained target human interferonifn-α2b gene, ... | 2015 | 26419064 |
| prevalence and risk factors of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections among pulmonary tuberculosis patients without hiv infection in a rural county in p. r. china. | although co-infection of tuberculosis (tb) and intestinal parasites, including protozoa and helminths, in humans has been widely studied globally, very little of this phenomenon is known in china. therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural county of china to investigate such co-infections. patients with pulmonary tb (ptb) undergoing anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis (anti-mtb) treatment were surveyed by questionnaires, and their feces and blood specimens were collected for detecti ... | 2015 | 25976412 |
| evolution of m. bovis bcg vaccine: is niacin production still a valid biomarker? | bcg vaccine is usually considered to be safe though rarely serious complications have also been reported, often incriminating contamination of the seed strain with pathogenic mycobacterium tuberculosis. in such circumstances, it becomes prudent to rule out the contamination of the vaccine seed. m. bovis bcg can be confirmed by the absence of nitrate reductase, negative niacin test, and resistance to pyrazinamide and cycloserine. recently in india, some stocks were found to be niacin positive whi ... | 2015 | 25694828 |
| chlorhexidine decontamination of sputum for culturing mycobacterium tuberculosis. | culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis is the gold standard method for the laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, after effective decontamination. | 2015 | 26238865 |
| empyema necessitans complicating pleural effusion associated with proteus species infection: a diagnostic dilemma. | background. empyema necessitans, a rare complication of pleural effusion, could result in significant morbidity and mortality in children. it is characterized by the dissection of pus through the soft tissues and the skin of the chest wall. mycobacterium tuberculosis and actinomyces israelii are common causes but gram negative bacilli could be a rare cause. however, there were challenges in differentiating between mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous empyema in a resource poor setting l ... | 2015 | 25893125 |
| polyketides from an endophytic aspergillus fumigatus isolate inhibit the growth of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mrsa. | the crude extract of aspergillusfumigatus isolate af3-093a, an endophyte of the brown alga fucus vesiculosus, showed significant antimicrobial activity in initial bioactivity screens. bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of flavipin, chaetoglobosin a and chaetoglobosin b, all of which inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra. the antimycobacterial activity of these compounds has not been previ ... | 2015 | 26669098 |
| synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of some novel 5-nitrofuran-2-yl hydrazones as antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. | in this study, we synthesized two series of novel 5-nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a-h and 22a-e in addition to a third series of thiophene-2-carbohydrazides 23a-g to develop potent antimicrobial and/or antitubercular agents. the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial and antimycobacterial activities. most of the 5-nitrofuran-2-carbohydrazides 21a-h and 22a-e displayed variable activity against aspergillus fumigates, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneum ... | 2015 | 26155871 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation and 2d-qsar study of halophenyl bis-hydrazones as antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. | in continuation of our endeavor towards the development of potent and effective antimicrobial agents, three series of halophenyl bis-hydrazones (14a-n, 16a-d, 17a and 17b) were synthesized and evaluated for their potential antibacterial, antifungal and antimycobacterial activities. these efforts led to the identification of five molecules 14c, 14g, 16b, 17a and 17b (mic range from 0.12 to 7.81 μg/ml) with broad antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis; aspergillus fumigates; gra ... | 2015 | 25903147 |
| antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) is one of the most serious global public health threats in this century. the first world health organization (who) global report on surveillance of amr, published in april 2014, collected for the first time data from national and international surveillance networks, showing the extent of this phenomenon in many parts of the world and also the presence of large gaps in the existing surveillance. in this review, we focus on antibacterial resistance (abr), which repre ... | 2015 | 26343252 |
| dna-launched alphavirus replicons encoding a fusion of mycobacterial antigens acr and ag85b are immunogenic and protective in a murine model of tb infection. | there is an urgent need for effective prophylactic measures against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) infection, particularly given the highly variable efficacy of bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (tb). most studies indicate that cell-mediated immune responses involving both cd4+ and cd8+ t cells are necessary for effective immunity against mtb. genetic vaccination induces humoral and cellular immune responses, including cd4+ and cd8+ t-cell responses, ... | 2015 | 26317509 |
| regulatory t-cells at the interface between human host and pathogens in infectious diseases and vaccination. | regulatory t-cells (tregs) act at the interface of host and pathogen interactions in human infectious diseases. tregs are induced by a wide range of pathogens, but distinct effects of tregs have been demonstrated for different pathogens and in different stages of infection. moreover, tregs that are induced by a specific pathogen may non-specifically suppress immunity against other microbes and parasites. thus, treg effects need to be assessed not only in homologous but also in heterologous infec ... | 2015 | 26029205 |
| seizures in an immunocompromised adolescent: a case report. | tuberculosis is a progressive and disabling infection predominantly seen in low-income and middle-income countries. immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk of contracting tuberculosis than the healthy population. the presentation may also be atypical, leading to delay in diagnosis. we report the first case of tuberculous cerebral vasculitis presenting with epilepsia partialis continua. | 2015 | 26315723 |
| limonoids from melia azedarach fruits as inhibitors of flaviviruses and mycobacterium tubercolosis. | the biological diversity of nature is the source of a wide range of bioactive molecules. the natural products, either as pure compounds or as standardized plant extracts, have been a successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. the present work was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity, antiviral and antimycobacterial activity of the methanol extract and of four identified limonoids from the fruits of melia azedarach (meliaceae). the extract and purified limonoids wer ... | 2015 | 26485025 |
| dietary selenium in adjuvant therapy of viral and bacterial infections. | viral and bacterial infections are often associated with deficiencies in macronutrients and micronutrients, including the essential trace element selenium. in selenium deficiency, benign strains of coxsackie and influenza viruses can mutate to highly pathogenic strains. dietary supplementation to provide adequate or supranutritional selenium supply has been proposed to confer health benefits for patients suffering from some viral diseases, most notably with respect to hiv and influenza a virus ( ... | 2015 | 25593145 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis oric sequestration by mtra response regulator. | the regulators of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna replication are largely unknown. here, we demonstrate that in synchronously replicating m. tuberculosis, mtra access to origin of replication (oric) is enriched in the post-replication (d) period. the increased oric binding results from elevated mtra phosphorylation (mtra∼p) as evidenced by reduced expression of dnan, dnaa and increased expression of select cell division targets. overproduction of gain-of-function mtray102c advanced the mtra oric ... | 2015 | 26207528 |
| structural, functional, and genetic analyses of the actinobacterial transcription factor rbpa. | gene expression is highly regulated at the step of transcription initiation, and transcription activators play a critical role in this process. rbpa, an actinobacterial transcription activator that is essential in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb), binds selectively to group 1 and certain group 2 σ-factors. to delineate the molecular mechanism of rbpa, we show that the mtb rbpa σ-interacting domain (sid) and basic linker are sufficient for transcription activation. we also present the crystal str ... | 2015 | 26040003 |
| treatment with vitamin d/mog association suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an animal model to study multiple sclerosis (ms). considering the tolerogenic effects of active vitamin d, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) associated with active vitamin d in eae development. eae was induced in female c57bl/6 mice by immunization with mog emulsified with complete freund's adjuvant plus mycobacterium tuberculosis. animals also received two intraperitoneal doses of bordetella pertus ... | 2015 | 25965341 |
| kinetic and structural characterization of the interaction of 6-methylidene penem 2 with the β-lactamase from mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is intrinsically resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics because of the constitutive expression of the blac-encoded β-lactamase. this enzyme has extremely high activity against penicillins and cephalosporins, but weaker activity against carbapenems. the enzyme can be inhibited by clavulanate, avibactam, and boronic acids. in this study, we investigated the ability of 6-methylidene β-lactams to inhibit blac. one such compound, penem 2, inhibited blac more than 70 times m ... | 2015 | 26237118 |
| structural and functional features of enzymes of mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidoglycan biosynthesis as targets for drug development. | tuberculosis (tb) is the second leading cause of human mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. the who reported 1.3 million deaths and 8.6 million new cases of tb in 2012. mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis), the infectious bacteria that causes tb, is encapsulated by a thick and robust cell wall. the innermost segment of the cell wall is comprised of peptidoglycan, a layer that is required for survival and growth of the pathogen. enzymes that catalyse biosynthesis of the peptidogl ... | 2015 | 25701501 |
| bacterial genomic epidemiology, from local outbreak characterization to species-history reconstruction. | bacteriology has embraced the next-generation sequencing revolution, swiftly moving from the time of single genome sequencing to the age of genomic epidemiology. hundreds and now even thousands of genomes are being sequenced for single bacterial species, allowing unprecedented levels of resolution and insight in the evolution and epidemic diffusion of the main bacterial pathogens. here, we present a review of some of the most recent and groundbreaking studies in this field. | 2015 | 26878934 |
| through the wall: extracellular vesicles in gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi. | extracellular vesicles (evs) are produced by all domains of life. in gram-negative bacteria, evs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how evs escape the thick cell walls of gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi is still unknown. nonetheless, evs have been described in a variety of cell-walled organisms, including staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium tuberculosis and cryptococcus neoformans. these evs contain varied cargo, including nucleic acids, toxins, lipo ... | 2015 | 26324094 |
| protective capacity of proteoliposomes from mycobacterium bovis bcg in a mouse model of tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity due to infectious diseases. bcg, the vaccine in use, is not fully protective against tb. in a previous study, we have shown that proteoliposomes (outer membrane extracts), obtained from bcg (plbcg) were able to induce humoral immune responses against mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) antigens. with the objective to evaluate the protective capability of plbcg alone or as a booster with bcg, a murine model of progressi ... | 2015 | 25671612 |
| rapid diagnosis and simultaneous identification of tuberculous and bacterial meningitis by a newly developed duplex polymerase chain reaction. | the present study describes the development and evaluation of a duplex polymerase chain reaction (d-pcr) for diagnosis and simultaneous identification of tuberculous meningitis (tbm) and bacterial meningitis (bm) in a single reaction. a d-pcr with primers amplifying portions of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is6110 and the eubacteria 16srdna sequence in a same reaction mix was developed and tested on dna extracted from 150 clinical csf samples from different categories (tbm = 39, bm = 26, contro ... | 2015 | 25805909 |
| rapid antibiotic-resistance predictions from genome sequence data for staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis. | the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to an urgent need for rapid detection of drug resistance in clinical samples, and improvements in global surveillance. here we show how de bruijn graph representation of bacterial diversity can be used to identify species and resistance profiles of clinical isolates. we implement this method for staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a software package ('mykrobe predictor') that takes raw sequence data as input, and generates a c ... | 2015 | 26686880 |
| structural and functional studies of the mycobacterium tuberculosis vapbc30 toxin-antitoxin system: implications for the design of novel antimicrobial peptides. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems play important roles in bacterial physiology, such as multidrug tolerance, biofilm formation, and arrest of cellular growth under stress conditions. to develop novel antimicrobial agents against tuberculosis, we focused on vapbc systems, which encompass more than half of ta systems in mycobacterium tuberculosis. here, we report that themycobacterium tuberculosis vapc30 toxin regulates cellular growth through both magnesium and manganese ion-dependent ribonuclease act ... | 2015 | 26150422 |
| copper homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | copper (cu) is a trace element essential for the growth and development of almost all organisms, including bacteria. however, cu overload in most systems is toxic. studies show cu accumulates in macrophage phagosomes infected with bacteria, suggesting cu provides an innate immune mechanism to combat invading pathogens. to counteract the host-supplied cu, increasing evidence suggests that bacteria have evolved cu resistance mechanisms to facilitate their pathogenesis. in particular, mycobacterium ... | 2015 | 25614981 |
| testing pooled sputum with xpert mtb/rif for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis to increase affordability in low-income countries. | tuberculosis (tb) is a global public health problem, with the highest burden occurring in low-income countries. in these countries, the use of more sensitive diagnostics, such as xpert mtb/rif (xpert), is still limited by costs. a cost-saving strategy to diagnose other diseases is to pool samples from various individuals and test them with single tests. the samples in positive pool samples are then retested individually to identify the patients with the disease. we assessed a pooled testing stra ... | 2015 | 26019204 |
| mycobacterial dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors identified using chemogenomic methods and in vitro validation. | the lack of success in target-based screening approaches to the discovery of antibacterial agents has led to reemergence of phenotypic screening as a successful approach of identifying bioactive, antibacterial compounds. a challenge though with this route is then to identify the molecular target(s) and mechanism of action of the hits. this target identification, or deorphanization step, is often essential in further optimization and validation studies. direct experimental identification of the m ... | 2015 | 25799414 |
| sq109, a new drug lead for chagas disease. | we tested the antituberculosis drug sq109, which is currently in advanced clinical trials for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis, for its in vitro activity against the trypanosomatid parasite trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. sq109 was found to be a potent inhibitor of the trypomastigote form of the parasite, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) for cell killing of 50 ± 8 nm, but it had little effect (50% effective concentration [ec50] ... | 2015 | 25583723 |
| mycobacteria, metals, and the macrophage. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen that thrives inside host macrophages. a key trait of m. tuberculosis is to exploit and manipulate metal cation trafficking inside infected macrophages to ensure survival and replication inside the phagosome. here, we describe the recent fascinating discoveries that the mammalian immune system responds to infections with m. tuberculosis by overloading the phagosome with copper and zinc, two metals which are essential nutrients in ... | 2015 | 25703564 |
| structure-function analysis of vapb4 antitoxin identifies critical features of a minimal vapc4 toxin-binding module. | bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, leading to developmental changes, reversible dormancy, and cell death. type ii toxin-antitoxin pairs, composed of protein toxins and antitoxins, exist in nearly all bacteria and are classified into six groups on the basis of the structure of the toxins. the vapbc group comprises the most common type ii system and, like other toxin-antitoxin systems, functions to elicit dormancy by inhibiting protein synt ... | 2015 | 25622615 |
| crystal structures of mycobacterial meab and mmaa-like gtpases. | the methylmalonyl co-a mutase-associated gtpase meab from methylobacterium extorquens is involved in glyoxylate regulation and required for growth. in humans, mutations in the homolog methylmalonic aciduria associated protein (mmaa) cause methylmalonic aciduria, which is often fatal. the central role of meab from bacteria to humans suggests that meab is also important in other, pathogenic bacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis. however, the identity of the mycobacterial meab homolog is pres ... | 2015 | 25832174 |
| bronchiectasis: a bacteriological profile. | the occurrence of bronchiectasis can involve a combination of many environmental factors, including infection. the aim of our work is to determine the bacteriological profile of bronchiectasis. this is a retrospective study of 100 patients hospitalized in between january 2010 and july 2013. the average age was 48 years with a 58% female predominance. symptomatology was by a bronchial syndrome in 90% of cases. bacteriological examination was able to isolate the microbe in 35% of cases. in our stu ... | 2015 | 27047618 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induces hdac1-mediated suppression of il-12b gene expression in macrophages. | downregulation of host gene expression is one of the many strategies employed by intracellular pathogens such as mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) to survive inside the macrophages and cause disease. the underlying molecular mechanism behind the downregulation of host defense gene expression is largely unknown. in this study we explored the role of histone deacetylation in macrophages in response to infection by virulent mtb h37rv in manipulating host gene expression. we show a significant increa ... | 2015 | 26697414 |
| nitric oxide production inhibition and anti-mycobacterial activity of extracts and halogenated sesquiterpenes from the brazilian red alga laurencia dendroidea j. agardh. | red algae of the genus laurencia j. v. lamouroux are a rich source of secondary metabolites with important pharmacological activities such as anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, anti-helminthic, anti-malarial, anti-trypanosomal, anti-microbial as well as anti-bacterial against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2015 | 27013803 |
| naturally produced opsonizing antibodies restrict the survival of mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages by augmenting phagosome maturation. | this study investigated the hypothesis that serum antibodies against mycobacterium tuberculosis present in naturally infected healthy subjects of a tuberculosis (tb) endemic area could create and/or sustain the latent form of infection. all five apparently healthy indian donors showed high titres of serum antibodies against m. tuberculosis cell membrane antigens, including lipoarabinomannan and alpha crystallin. uptake and killing of bacilli by the donor macrophages was significantly enhanced fo ... | 2015 | 26674415 |
| structure of lpg0406, a carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase family protein possibly involved in antioxidative response from legionella pneumophila. | lpg0406, a hypothetical protein from legionella pneumophila, belongs to carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase (cmd) family. we determined the crystal structure of lpg0406 both in its apo and reduced form. the structures reveal that lpg0406 forms a hexamer and have disulfide exchange properties. the protein has an all-helical fold with a conserved thioredoxin-like active site cxxc motif and a proton relay system similar to that of alkylhydroperoxidase from mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtahpd), sugges ... | 2015 | 26402328 |
| differential influence of nutrient-starved mycobacterium tuberculosis on adaptive immunity results in progressive tuberculosis disease and pathology. | when infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, most individuals will remain clinically healthy but latently infected. latent infection has been proposed to partially involve m. tuberculosis in a nonreplicating stage, which therefore represents an m. tuberculosis phenotype that the immune system most likely will encounter during latency. it is therefore relevant to examine how this particular nonreplicating form of m. tuberculosis interacts with the host immune system. to study this, we first ind ... | 2015 | 26416911 |
| etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients: a prospective hospital-based study in mashhad, iran. | pneumonia is the third most common cause of death in the world, and mortality is highest for patients who require hospitalization. | 2015 | 26464771 |
| binding of cxcl8/il-8 to mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates the innate immune response. | interleukin-8 (il-8) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis (tb). importantly and in direct relevance to the objectives of this report quite a few findings suggest that the presence of il-8 may be beneficial for the host. il-8 may aid with mounting an adequate response during infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tb); however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. the major goal of our study was to investigate the ... | 2015 | 26300588 |
| lower respiratory tract infections among hiv positive and control group in nepal. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are the most frequent respiratory diseases among hiv infected patients and are frequently the first clinical manifestations of the hiv infections. lrtis are common not only among the hiv seropositive cases but also the commonest domiciliary and nosocomial infections among the general population. the present study was carried out to determine the comparative prevalence of common bacterial and fungal organism among the hiv positive and control population. ... | 2015 | 26436125 |
| the cytosolic sensor cgas detects mycobacterium tuberculosis dna to induce type i interferons and activate autophagy. | type i interferons (ifns) are critical mediators of antiviral defense, but their elicitation by bacterial pathogens can be detrimental to hosts. many intracellular bacterial pathogens, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, induce type i ifns following phagosomal membrane perturbations. cytosolic m. tuberculosis dna has been implicated as a trigger for ifn production, but the mechanisms remain obscure. we report that the cytosolic dna sensor, cyclic gmp-amp synthase (cgas), is required for activa ... | 2015 | 26048136 |