Publications

the add1 g460w polymorphism is not associated with variation in blood pressure in canadian oji-cree.	since adducin modulates cellular sodium retention, its follows that add1, which encodes the alpha-subunit of adducin, is an attractive candidate gene for blood pressure variation. association studies examining the relationship between polymorphism at add1 codon 460 (g460w) and both hypertension and blood pressure, which were performed in a variety of human population samples derived from different genetic backgrounds, have given inconsistent results. we examined the association between the add1 ...	1999	10429360
the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma mansoni: case report and discussion.	a 26-year-old brazilian man was admitted to the toronto hospital with a headache and visual scintillation. his last travel to brazil was five years previously. a computed tomography (ct) scan of the head showed an occipital mass with surrounding vasogenic edema. occipital brain biopsy revealed schistosoma mansoni eggs. the patient was treated with two doses of praziquantel (20 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (10 mg). his symptoms and occipital mass resolved. cerebral schistosomiasis is, in part, caused ...	1999	10432054
molecular typing methods to investigate transmission of escherichia coli o157:h7 from cattle to humans.	the utility of phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and plasmid profile analysis was compared, to differentiate between canadian escherichia coli o157:h7 strains of human (n = 27) and cattle (n = 24) origin. the diversity indices for phage typing, plasmid analysis and pfge were 0.85, 0.69 and 0.93, respectively. pfge and phage typing were also applied to study the role of direct transmission of e. coli o157:h7 from cattle to humans on isolates collected from two separate farm o ...	1999	10487637
environmental tobacco smoke exposure patterns: a subanalysis of the canadian human time-activity pattern survey.	this subanalysis of the canadian human activity pattern survey examines environmental tobacco smoke (ets) exposure in non-smoking respondents relative to age, sex, socioeconomic status and prevalence of asthma. 2,381 respondents (response rate 64.5%) from toronto, vancouver, edmonton and saint john completed a 24-hour recall time-activity diary. for each activity and location, respondents were asked, "was there any smoking during the activity?" among non-smoking adults, youth, children and asthm ...	1999	10489721
toronto street youth and hiv/aids: prevalence, demographics, and risks.	the purposes of this study were: (a) to identify human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevalence in toronto street youth through paired blood and saliva specimens; (b) to identify the hiv risk and prevention behaviors of street involved youth; and (c) to identify demographic or other factors that may contribute to the risk of street youth becoming infected with hiv/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the future.	1999	10551667
my aching back. the effects of system status management & ambulance design on ems personnel.		1999	10557811
laboratory medicine in ontario: its downsizing and the consequences on quality.	health care in ontario consumes 35% of provincial government annual revenues. fiscal constraint mandates restructuring of health services to maintain a fully, publicly-funded universally-accessible health system that is patient-focussed and health-outcome driven. acute-care hospital restructuring under the authority of the health services restructuring commission and primary health-care reform characterise present government initiatives. laboratory medicine services at about can $1 billion annua ...	1999	10585512
common colds. reported patterns of self-care and health care use.	to describe the self-reported prevalence and patterns of self-care and health care use for colds and flu.	1999	10587772
canadian case questions funding.		1999	9880270
time-series analysis of the relation between influenza virus and hospital admissions of the elderly in ontario, canada, for pneumonia, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure.	this study examined the relation between the presence of circulating influenza virus and all hospital admissions of people over age 65 years in ontario, canada, for pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and chronic lung disease in 1988-1993. autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) transfer function models were used to perform a time-series analysis. these models were compared with simple cross correlations by using pearson's product moment correlation. the results showed statistically si ...	1999	9883797
a new model of advance care planning: observations from people with hiv.	although theoretical concepts from ethics and law have been applied, there is no conceptual model of advance care planning rooted in the perspective of individuals engaged in it.	1999	9892336
genome-wide scanning for type 2 diabetes susceptibility in canadian oji-cree, using 190 microsatellite markers.	we undertook a genome-wide scan using 190 markers with an average separation of 20 cm in 49 canadian oji-cree sib pairs affected with type 2 diabetes. four of these markers, one each on chromosomes 6, 8, 16, and 22, showed both suggestive linkage and suggestive association with type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree. none of these markers corresponded to any chromosomal region or marker that has so far been linked with type 2 diabetes in other populations. thus, there might be several genetic loci that ...	1999	9929969
independent review adds to controversy at sick kids.		1999	10065085
the hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha g319s variant is associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	mutations in the gene encoding hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha (hnf-1alpha) have been found in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. we identified a new variant in the hnf-1alpha gene, namely g319s, in ontario oji-cree with type 2 diabetes. g319s is within the proline ii-rich domain of the trans-activation site of hnf-1alpha and alters a glycine residue that is conserved throughout evolution. s319 was absent from 990 alleles taken from subjects representing six other ethnic groups, s ...	1999	10084598
relation of lake ontario fish consumption, lifetime lactation, and parity to breast milk polychlorobiphenyl and pesticide concentrations.	lactating female members and spouses of male members of the new york state angler cohort who agreed to provide breast milk samples were the subjects of this study. questionnaires were provided to participants focusing on lake ontario fish consumption, reproductive history, and lactation history. milk samples were analyzed for 77 polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) congeners, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (dde), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), hexachlorobenzene ...	1999	10092430
assessing environmental exposure to pcbs among mohawks at akwesasne through the use of geostatistical methods.	the mohawk nation at akwesasne is a native american community located along the st. lawrence river in new york state, ontario, and quebec. one component of a multiphase human health study was to assess the impact of different pathways of human exposure resulting from the off-site migration of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) contamination in this area. this paper illustrates how mapped residential information and environmental sampling data can be united to assist in exposure assessment for epidem ...	1999	10092433
the economic consequences of smoking in ontario.	smoking causes health and social problems such as sickness, death, fire, injury, pain and suffering. this paper provides an estimate of the economic burden imposed by the adverse health and social consequences of smoking in ontario in 1992. the cost-of-illness method, in particular, the human-capital approach is used to estimate the prevalence-based economic costs of smoking. the direct and indirect components of smoking-related costs are estimated and the total cost in ontario is us$2.91 billio ...	1999	10094843
an assessment of the environmental fate and exposure of benzene and the chlorobenzenes in canada.	systematic modelling of the fate of benzene and the chlorobenzenes is presented which follows a four-stage process of chemical classification, quantifying discharge rates and environmental concentrations, evaluative assessment of fate and regional mass balance modelling has been carried out for the southern ontario region. the eqc model was applied to determine the principal transport and transformation processes experienced by this group of chemicals, which vary considerably in volatility and h ...	1999	10101848
the private hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha g319s variant is associated with plasma lipoprotein variation in canadian oji-cree.	we previously showed an extremely strong association between type 2 diabetes and a private polymorphism, namely g319s, in the hepatocyte nuclear transcription factor (hnf)-1alpha. because hnf-1alpha is involved in the transcription of several apolipoprotein genes, we tested for an association between the private hnf1a g319s variant and plasma lipoproteins in a sample of 55 unrelated oji-cree subjects with type 2 diabetes and 175 unrelated oji-cree subjects without type 2 diabetes. in oji-cree su ...	2000	10634821
between the laboratory, the school, and the community: the psychology of human development, toronto, 1916-1956.	in the twentieth century, canadian psychologists have been involved with the educational system and the community at several points in time. in this article, the psychology of human development as developed at the department of psychology at the university of toronto from 1916 to 1956 is investigated. in a variety of projects, the mental health of children was investigated in educational settings while measures were designed and tested to prevent maladjustment and to promote mental health. initi ...	2000	11381728
a quantitative ranking of canada's research output of original human studies for the decade 1989 to 1998.	since 1987 research articles have been catalogued with the author's affiliation address in the 40 databases of the medical literature analysis and retrieval system (medlars) of the national library of medicine, bethesda, md. the present study was conducted to examine the canadian entries in medlars to interpret past and future trends and to combine the medlars demographic data with data from other sources to rank canadian research output of human studies both nationally and internationally.	2000	11216196
polycystic ovary disease and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension.	to compare the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in patients with and without polycystic ovary disease (pcod).	2000	11153260
inherited predisposition to pancreatic adenocarcinoma: role of family history and germ-line p16, brca1, and brca2 mutations.	susceptibility to pancreatic adenocarcinoma appears to be linked to germ-line mutations in genes causing various familial cancer syndromes. the objectives of this study were to estimate the proportion of unselected pancreatic cancer patients belonging to hereditary cancer syndrome families and to determine the frequency ofp16, brca1, brca2, hmsh2, and hmlh1 germ-line mutations in patients with a personal or family history of cancer. the study population consisted of 102 patients with histologica ...	2000	10667595
narratives of identity: re-presentation of self in people who are homeless.	the problem of homelessness is a pressing social and health concern ascribed to the interaction between personal, social, economic, and service system resources. the article is based on a qualitative study of the experiences of 29 homeless individuals. in-depth interviews were conducted with single adult shelter users. analysis revealed the self to be a process that was continually developing. participants tacitly locate their self-concepts in the past, present, and future. these time frames ref ...	2000	10724750
income differences in persons seeking outpatient treatment for mental disorders: a comparison of the united states with ontario and the netherlands.	variations in the relationships among income, use of mental health services, and sector of care are examined by comparing data from 3 countries that differ in the organization and financing of mental health services.	2000	10768701
nat2 polymorphism associated with plasma glucose concentration in canadian oji-cree.	the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree of northern ontario is among the highest of any population in the world. we previously demonstrated that markers d8s264 and d22s683 were both linked and associated with type 2 diabetes in the oji-cree. among the possible candidate genes for type 2 diabetes and related traits on chromosomes 8p and 22q were nat2 and cyp2d6, respectively. we thus explored the possible association of nat2 and cyp2d6 alleles and diabetes-related traits in a sample of ...	2000	10803679
measuring the impact of influenza on the hospital admission rates of the elderly in ontario: a five-year admission rate analysis, 1988-1993.	a retrospective study was conducted to compare age- and sex-specific rates of hospital admission of the elderly in ontario for five influenza seasons from 1988-1993 for pneumonia, congestive heart failure and chronic respiratory disease.	2000	10832182
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 p12a and type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	among the oji-cree of northern ontario, we previously identified a novel variant in the hnf1a gene, namely g319s, that was strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. however, the majority of subjects with diabetes did not have the hnf1a s319 variant, suggesting that there might be other genetic determinants of diabetes susceptibility. in the course of sequencing candidate genes in diabetic subjects who were homozygous for hnf1a g319/g319, we found that some of them had the pparg a12 variant. afte ...	2000	10843190
leukemia after exposure to benzene: temporal trends and implications for standards.	benzene is a human leukemogen. risk assessment, and the setting of occupational and environmental standards, has assumed that risk is constant in time after a unit of exposure. leukemia risk is known to vary with time after exposure to ionizing radiation.	2000	10861761
planning for cardiac surgical services: advice from an ontario consensus panel. for the consensus panel on cardiac surgical services in ontario and the steering committee of the cardiac care network of ontario.	the cardiac care network of ontario (ccn) consensus panel on cardiac surgical services drew on the literature and its own expertise to recommend guidelines for expanding services. this report, which is not an official position paper of the canadian cardiovascular society, presents these recommendations. rates of surgery are linked to diagnostic capacity, requiring increases in interventional therapies to match increases in invasive diagnostic activity. for quality and efficiency, panel members r ...	2000	10863168
parental consumption of contaminated sport fish from lake ontario and predicted fecundability.	wildlife studies suggest that consumption of contaminated fish from the great lakes may expose humans to polychlorinated biphenyls and persistent chlorinated pesticides. to assess whether time to pregnancy or fecundability is affected, we conducted a telephone survey in 1993 with female members of the new york state angler cohort study who were considering pregnancy between 1991 and 1994 (n = 2,445). among the 1,234 (50%) women who became pregnant, 895 (73%) had a known time to pregnancy. upon e ...	2000	10874544
limbs found in water: investigation using anthropological analysis and the diatom test.	we report the investigation, using a multi-disciplinary approach, of five cases of dismembered limbs which were recovered from lake ontario, lake erie and the niagara river, and examined at the office of the chief coroner for ontario. in all cases, postmortem examination revealed that the limbs had been disarticulated in the postmortem period, by non-human taphonomic processes. in addition to routine gross examination, the femur and/or tibia were assessed using anthropological methods to give es ...	2000	10882826
an outbreak of human blastomycosis: the epidemiology of blastomycosis in the kenora catchment region of ontario, canada.		2000	10893821
thrombolysis in the air. air-ambulance paramedics flying to remote communities treat patients before hospitalization.	first nations* communities in the north have a high prevalence of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes and face an increasing incidence of myocardial infarction (mi). many conditions delay timely administration of thrombolysis, including long times between when patients first experience symptoms and when they present to community nursing stations, delays in air transfers to treating hospitals, uncertainty about when planes are available, and poor flying conditions.	2000	10907571
gender, obesity, hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha g319s and the age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes in canadian oji-cree.	among the oji-cree of northern ontario, women have both a higher prevalence and an earlier onset of type 2 diabetes compared to men. we studied the relationship between hnf1a s319 and both the presence of and the age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes in women and men separately. we found that: 1) in women, there was a significant difference in the mean age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes according to hnf1a genotype; and 2) in men, there was no difference in the mean age-of-onset of type 2 diabetes accordi ...	2000	10951547
biographical sketch of kenneth g. mckenzie (1892-1964).	this article is an expanded version of the opening address dr. morley delivered at a university of toronto symposium, "seventy-five years of neurosurgery in canada," celebrating the 75th anniversary of the appointment of kenneth g. mckenzie, canada's first career neurosurgeon, to the university of toronto and the toronto general hospital in 1923. kenneth g. mckenzie (1892-1964) was the first surgeon in canada to limit his practice to neurosurgery. this article contains a brief biographical study ...	2000	10969961
optimizing technologies in nurse practitioner education.	a provincial educational programme was launched in 1995 for primary-care nurse practitioners. a consortium of ontario university schools of nursing joined forces to provide a single, standardized educational programme at all 10 sites in both official languages. this demanding, clinically focused educational initiative required better access, support and efficiencies than could be provided by print copies and videoconferences alone. the development of a password-protected website allowed equal ac ...	2000	10975092
the application of ontario human rights legislation to the practice of occupational medicine.	although human rights legislation has important implications for occupational physicians, these implications may be overlooked in the practice of occupational medicine in other countries where human rights legislation may be different. the potential for significant oversights becomes greater as organizations continue to centralize international business support functions, such as occupational health services, operating from a single site. human rights legislation has important implications with ...	2000	10975134
influenza immunizations in the elderly: a continuous quality improvement project.	as part of the continuous quality improvement program at the toronto hospital's department of family & community medicine (tth-dfcm), it was considered necessary to examine the structures, processes and outcomes of influenza immunization for the elderly.	2000	10992747
prevalence and predictors of human papillomavirus infection in women in ontario, canada. survey of hpv in ontario women (show) group.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is thought to be the primary cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. we determined the age-specific prevalence of hpv infection and its risk factors in ontario women.	2000	11006760
familial resemblance for physique: heritabilities for somatotype components.	to examine familial resemblance in the heath-carter anthropometric somatotype in a sample of 328 participants from 103 nuclear families in northern ontario (canada).	2000	11023117
knowledge about human papillomavirus among adolescents.	to assess knowledge of human papillomavirus (hpv) among high school-aged adolescents.	2000	11042295
predictors of owner response to companion animal death in 177 clients from 14 practices in ontario.	to identify predictors of grief and client desires and needs as they relate to pet death.	2000	11061379
zanamivir use during transmission of amantadine-resistant influenza a in a nursing home.	to describe the use of zanamivir during an influenza a outbreak.	2000	11089653
birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.	corticosteroids are first-line drugs for the treatment of a variety of conditions in women of childbearing age. information regarding human pregnancy outcome with corticosteroids is limited.	2000	11091360
epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals.	patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) positive are predisposed to the development of infections including tinea pedis and onychomycosis. while smaller studies have been reported, there has been no large study evaluating the prevalence of onychomycosis in hiv-positive individuals, or comparing the development of onychomycosis in a typical temperate area with that in a typical tropical area.	2000	11095193
linkage of the dopamine d4 receptor gene and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.	there is considerable evidence supporting a genetic component in the etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd). because stimulant medications act primarily on the dopaminergic system, dopamine system genes are prime candidates for genetic susceptibility factors for adhd. previous studies by several groups have observed a significant association of adhd and an allele with 7 copies of the 48 base pair repeat in the third exon of the dopamine d4 receptor.	2000	11128331
the economic value of a new insulin preparation, humalog mix 25. measured by a willingness-to-pay approach.	to measure the economic value of a new insulin formulation consisting of rapid-acting insulin lispro and intermediate-acting neutral protamine lispro in a 25:75 ratio (humalog mix 25).	2000	11147394
ontario adopts policy on discrimination based on gender identity.	on 30 march 2000, as a follow-up to a discussion/consultation paper on gender identity, the ontario human rights commission approved a "policy on discrimination and harassment because of gender identity."	2000	11833157
court rejects appeal for safe supply of medical marijuana.	as previously reported, in a may 1999 decision in wakeford v canada, the ontario superior court of justice granted an hiv-positive man an "interim constitutional exemption" from the provisions in the controlled drugs and substances act that make it an offence to possess or to produce or cultivate marijuana.	2000	11833206
presentation to the standing committee on health, ottawa, december 7, 1999.		2000	15468469
minimal risk and its implications. proceedings of the ncehr national workshop on minimal risk, march 31-april 1, 2000 held in ottawa, ontario, canada.		2001	15540386
northern initiative for social action: an occupation-based mental health program.	northern initiative for social action (nisa) is a consumer-run, occupation-based, nonprofit organization located in northeastern ontario, canada. the nisa organization has grown in response to research revealing few opportunities for participation in personally meaningful and socially valued occupation for persons with mental illness living in the community of study. this article describes a mixed-design research study conducted by the parnorth research unit of nisa and an occupational therapist ...	2001	14601808
motion to strike claim dismissed in hiv defamation suit.	on 23 april 2001, the ontario superior court of justice issued the first canadian ruling on the issue of whether words inputing that a person is hiv-positive or has aids can be the basis of a defamation action per se, in the case of serdar v metroland printing, publishing and distributing ltd.	2001	11837012
court dismisses constitutional challenge to ban on assisted suicide.	on 6 february 2001, the ontario superior court of justice dismissed a constitutional challenge by jim wakeford, a toronto man with hiv/aids and an advocate for access to medical marijuana, to the sections of the criminal code that outlaw assisted suicide in canada.	2001	11837023
new developments at the university of ottawa community legal clinic.	this is another in our series of articles about canadian legal clinics that provide specialized services to people with hiv/aids. vanessa gruben describes new trends in legal issues observed by the university of ottawa community legal clinic since the last article by the clinic in 1999, as well as other programs and projects undertaken by the clinic over the last year.	2001	11837024
continuing education for staff in long-term care facilities: corporate philosophies and approaches.	the purpose of this study was to determine corporate philosophies of continuing education and approaches to meeting the learning needs of staff who strive to provide for the increasingly challenging care requirements of seniors who reside in long-term care facilities. in-depth interviews lasting approximately 1 hour were conducted with key informants at the administrative level from nine long-term care facilities. content analysis revealed a commitment to continuing education for staff. while re ...	2001	11868744
the ontario mother and infant survey: breastfeeding outcomes.	a cross-sectional survey of postpartum women following discharge from five hospitals in ontario, canada, examined breatfeeding patterns and risk factors for early discontinuation. consenting mothers completed self-administered questionnaires prior to discharge (n = 1250) and telephone interviews at 4 weeks postdischarge (n = 875). breastfeeding initiation rates for women completing the interview varied from 82% to 96% across the sites. continuation rates rapidly declined, with 13% to 24% of wome ...	2001	11847986
the gay cousin: learning to accept gay rights.	in 1996-97 the author interviewed 73 civic leaders in hamilton, ontario, canada, on their attitudes toward gay rights. twelve respondents opposed gay rights, 40 were moderately favorable to gay rights, and 21 were strongly favorable. almost all favored basic equality rights (education, housing, employment), and only 10 said they had difficulty with gay sexuality. twenty-seven volunteered a concern with gay "flaunting," but this did not mean that they necessarily opposed gay rights. respondents h ...	2001	11991563
diphyllobothriasis: update on human cases, foci, patterns and sources of human infections and future considerations.	diphylobothriasis is a well documented disease of humans. on a world scale new infections are reported regularly, especially from russia and parts of japan. globally, new species have been discovered and the etiology of the disease may be changing. human infections appear to be in decline but it is not clear if the sources of infection are also in decline or if public health awareness has improved. in north america there has been a decline in human cases while in south america an increase in rep ...	2001	12041607
identifying and prioritizing gaming workers' health and safety concerns using mapping for data collection.	this research was prompted by the clinical presentation of workers from a variety of gaming occupations with injuries and illnesses and multiple health and safety concerns.	2001	11148014
mass influenza vaccination in ontario: a sensible move.		2001	11202665
mass influenza vaccination in ontario: is it worthwhile?		2001	11202666
sense of place, organizational context and the strategic management of publicly funded hospitals.	an era of managerialism in health care delivery systems is now well ensconced throughout the nations of the oecd. this development has occurred, in large part, as a response to funding pressures in institutionally based health care delivery imposed by principal third party insurers. in the case of publicly funded hospitals, the more traditional concerns for stewardship and appeasement of professional groups is being replaced by a greater emphasis on cost consciousness and corporate-style leaders ...	2001	11551664
an exploratory analysis of the effect of pesticide exposure on the risk of spontaneous abortion in an ontario farm population.	the toxicity of pesticides on human reproduction is largely unknown--particularly how mixtures of pesticide products might affect fetal toxicity. the ontario farm family health study collected data by questionnaire on the identity and timing of pesticide use on the farm, lifestyle factors, and a complete reproductive history from the farm operator and eligible couples living on the farm. a total of 2,110 women provided information on 3,936 pregnancies, including 395 spontaneous abortions. to exp ...	2001	11564623
a g339r mutation in the ctns gene is a common cause of nephropathic cystinosis in the south western ontario amish mennonite population.		2001	11565547
an outbreak of serratia marcescens associated with the anesthetic agent propofol.	in october 1999, 7 patients with postoperative infections caused by serratia marcescens were identified at a community hospital in ontario, canada. we describe the investigation of this outbreak.	2001	11584257
emergence of salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) as an important cause of salmonellosis in horses in ontario.	salmonella typhimurium definitive type 104 (dt104) has emerged as a common cause of salmonellosis in humans and cattle, yet previous reports involving horses are sparse. this study reports the emergence of dt104 as an important pathogen in horses in ontario. the first clinical case of dt104 infection at the ontario veterinary college was identified in 1997. seventeen cases of dt104-associated salmonellosis were identified between 1997 and 2000. in 2000, 12 of 13 cases of salmonellosis were due t ...	2001	11665427
prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in canadian swine herds and identification of a novel variant of swine hepatitis e virus.	swine hepatitis e virus is a newly identified potentially zoonotic virus from pigs of particular concern for possible direct transmission to a human xenotransplant recipient by organ transplantation. in the present study, prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis e virus was examined in canadian swine herds. a total of 998 serum samples collected from 6-month-old healthy slaughter hogs were examined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis for antibodies to the recombinant open reading ...	2001	11687465
cancer coverage in newspapers serving large and small communities in ontario.	local newspapers are an important source of health news, especially in small communities. we describe the amount and type of cancer information in ontario daily newspapers dichotomized by circulation size (> 400,000 or < 40,000) and community size (> 250,000 or < 25,000 people) for 1991. all cancer articles (n = 1027) in five newspapers with large circulations, serving large communities, and five newspapers with small circulations, serving small communities, were read and evaluated for focus and ...	2001	11702493
identification of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1) mutations and characterization of a g671v substitution.	the multidrug resistance protein 1 (mrp1) belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily of transport proteins can confer resistance to multiple natural product drugs and methotrexate in human tumor cells. in addition, mrp1 is expressed in normal tissues acting as an efflux pump for glutathione, glucuronate, and sulfate conjugates and may thus influence the pharmacokinetic properties of many drugs. using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we scre ...	2001	11721885
complex partial epileptic-like experiences in university students and practitioners of dharmakaya in thailand: comparison with canadian university students.	we tested the hypothesis that individuals who frequently practice meditation within another culture whose assumptions explicitly endorse this practice should exhibit more frequent and varied experience associated with complex partial epilepsy (without the seizures) as inferred by the personal philosophy inventory and roberts' questionnaire for the epileptic spectrum disorder. 80 practitioners of dharma meditation and 24 university students in thailand were compared with 76 students from first-ye ...	2001	11729543
incremental cost-effectiveness analysis comparing rofecoxib with nonselective nsaids in osteoarthritis: ontario ministry of health perspective.	clinical trials have shown rofecoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-2, to be associated with fewer gastrointestinal complications than non-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids).	2001	11735672
community health profile of windsor, ontario, canada: anatomy of a great lakes area of concern.	the rates of mortality, morbidity as hospitalizations, and congenital anomalies in the windsor area of concern ranked among the highest of the 17 areas of concern on the canadian side of the great lakes for selected end points that might be related to pollution in this relatively highly industrialized city. mortality and morbidity rates from all causes were higher than in the rest of the province. anomalously high rates of diseases included various cancers; endocrine, nutritional, metabolic, and ...	2001	11744501
update on perinatal hiv.	question: many patients in my practice come from countries where hiv is endemic. are there current figures on their risk of being infected during pregnancy? answer: in ottawa and toronto, ont, about half the pregnant women identified as hiv-positive were born in countries where hiv is endemic. if you suspect a woman has hiv or have other questions, call the motherisk hiv-healthline at 1-888-246-5840. human immunovirus infection among pregnant women continues to be a serious public health concern ...	2001	11768917
who works in addictions treatment services? some results from an ontario survey.	this paper summarizes results from a survey of staff of specialized addiction treatment agencies in ontario and includes information on demographic characteristics, education and related issues for those working in different types of agencies. across all agencies 80% of staff had some sort of post secondary academic qualification and the majority reported taking professional development courses in the previous 12 months. however, only 20% of all respondents were "certified" as either an addictio ...	2001	11795581
surveillance programs for early stage non-seminomatous testicular cancer: a practice guideline.	to identify an appropriate surveillance program for men with clinical stage i non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (nsgct).	2001	11268306
elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern ontario.	the province of ontario (canada) reported more laboratory confirmed rabid animals than any other state or province in canada or the usa from 1958-91, with the exception of 1960-62. more than 95% of those cases occurred in the southern 10% of ontario (approximately 100,000 km2), the region with the highest human population density and greatest agricultural activity. rabies posed an expensive threat to human health and significant costs to the agricultural economy. the rabies variant originated in ...	2001	11272485
genes and environment in type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis in aboriginal canadians.	the incidence of coronary heart disease (chd) among aboriginal people in northern ontario has tripled over the past 20 years. this is inextricably linked to the remarkably high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in these native communities. approximately 40% of the oji-cree of northern ontario have typical obesity-related type 2 diabetes, which represents a drastic increase from virtually unreportable levels 50 years ago. the oji-cree have a private mutation in the hnf1a gene, namely g319s, which is ...	2001	11286643
conflict resolution at the university of ottawa faculty of medicine: the pelican and the sign of the triangle.	in 1997 the university of ottawa medical school adopted a conflict-resolution policy for informally dealing with complaints of abuse, harassment and intimidation, sexual harassment, and scientific misconduct or misappropriation of intellectual property. in collaboration with the university's faculty of law, general conflict-resolution workshops were given for faculty and administration and mediation training was provided to medical faculty designated "complaint officers" under the policy. in thi ...	2001	11299145
waiting lists for radiation therapy: a case study.	why waiting lists arise and how to address them remains unclear, and an improved understanding of these waiting list "dynamics" could lead to better management. the purpose of this study is to understand how the current shortage in radiation therapy in ontario developed; the implications of prolonged waits; who is held accountable for managing such delays; and short, intermediate, and long-term solutions.	2001	11319944
respiratory virus surveillance. fluwatch project, 2000-2001. end of season update.	the 2000-2001 season was a relatively mild season worldwide. in canada, lower than usual activity was reported for all national indicators of influenza activity, including the rate of influenza-like illness (ili), the percentage of laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza and provincial/territorial influenza activity levels. however, there were a number of interesting characteristics of this year's influenza season. in contrast to the predominance of influenza a, and in particular the a/sydney/5/ ...	2001	11416943
ebv-associated perianal hodgkin's disease in an hiv-positive individual.	hodgkin's disease (hd) has a higher incidence in hiv-positive individuals. it tends to occur at extranodal sites, frequently exhibits an unfavorable histological type with large numbers of neoplastic cells, and almost invariably harbors epstein-barr virus (ebv). we describe a case of a 33-year-old hiv-positive man who presented with anal pain from a 4-cm mass in the anorectal canal. he had no b symptoms or peripheral lymphadenopathy. a chest x-ray was within normal limits. a biopsy showed an ulc ...	2001	11426491
fingerprinting pcb patterns among mohawk women.	this study examined the association of contaminated fish consumption and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body burden by comparing the similarity of the congener pattern in yellow perch, caught near the point source of industrial pollution, and in other local fish to the pattern found in the breast milk of mohawk women from akwesasne, a native american community located along the st. lawrence river in new york, ontario, and quebec. the similarity is defined by the weighted euclidean distance betwe ...	2001	11477516
human surveillance for west nile virus infection in ontario in 2000.	the first reports of west nile virus (wnv) infection in the united states in 1999 prompted ontario to establish a surveillance protocol to monitor for the possible spread of the virus into the province. surveillance components included evaluation of dead birds, sentinel chickens, mosquito pools and human disease. we report the results of human surveillance in 2000.	2002	11800244
regression models for allele sharing: analysis of accumulating data in affected sib pair studies.	advances in human genome mapping have led to the identification of large numbers of genetic markers that allow systematic searches for multiple disease susceptibility genes for complex traits. a common design involves the recruitment of families with at least two children affected with the disease of interest. the objective is to find chromosomal regions that harbour susceptibility genes for the disease. the affected children, their parents if available, and sometimes other, unaffected, siblings ...	2002	11813229
construction and validation of a fatigue impact scale for daily administration (d-fis).	the fatigue impact scale (fis) was developed previously as a symptom-specific profile measure of health-related quality of life (hrqol) for use in medical conditions in which fatigue is a prominent chronic symptom. thus, it was not developed to be a responsive measure of daily changes in fatigue. this study describes the development and initial validation of an adaptation of the fis for daily use. items for the daily fatigue impact scale (d-fis) were selected from the pool of original fis items ...	2002	12074263
trends of medication errors in hospitalized children.	medication errors are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized children. due to the small volumes of stock solution involved, even a large error may look as an unsuspiciously small dose. strategies were implemented to reduce medication errors in a large tertiary pediatric hospital in toronto. starting in 1993, several initiatives were taken, including a new hospital computer system for medication ordering, a review process to remove hazardous drugs from wards where they are no ...	2002	12092737
influence of temperature on cryptosporidium parvum oocyst infectivity in river water samples as detected by tissue culture assay.	cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were stored in 1-ml aliquots of filtered river water at -20, 4, 10, and 21-23 c in the dark. oocysts were also added to filter-sterilized river water samples and stored at 21-23 c. the infectivity of oocysts stored under different conditions was assayed at weekly intervals through infection of human adenocarcinoma ileocecal (hct-8) cell monolayers. wells containing between 10 and 100 foci of infection were enumerated by immunofluorescent microscopy, and the number ...	2002	12099446
the experiences of professional nurses who have migrated to canada: cosmopolitan citizenship or democratic racism?	this interpretive research analyses the discourse of nurses who migrated to canada and experienced racism. they also experienced reprisals when they formally complained about racism in a context of denial of the problem of racism by colleagues and employers. the present work focuses on two issues arising from the data: the problem of how to make racism visible among those who have a vested interest in denying its existence and the emotional cool of those filing grievances or complaints in contra ...	2002	12100877
where to from here?	although this conceptual framework is easy to understand, the data requirements for the mathematical model that underpins the framework are complex and must be defined carefully. in our framework, simulations of the health system are used to provide needs-based estimates that are aimed at optimizing outcomes. this type of model builds on research conducted at the macro, meso, and micro levels in order to reflect the complexity of relationships in the health human resource process. the papers in ...	2002	11998195
realizing potential: improving interdisciplinary professional/paraprofessional health care teams in canada's northern aboriginal communities through education.	to address a shortage of health professional human resources and to overcome cultural barriers, the interdisciplinary health care teams practicing in most northern canadian aboriginal communities include a number of paraprofessionals recruited locally. this model has great potential to fill service gaps in many rural contexts; there are challenges, however. drawing from an extensive program of research in indigenous communities in the northwestern part of the province of ontario, we identify fac ...	2002	12028894
a survey of physicians knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of fas.	alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world that is a human teratogen whose use among women of childbearing age has been steadily increasing. it is also probable that fetal alcohol syndrome is under diagnosed by physicians. the objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to evaluate the experience, knowledge and confidence of family physicians with respect to the diagnosis of fas and 2) to evaluate physicians awareness of maternal drinking patterns.	2002	11860607
the effect of a hepatitis serology testing algorithm on laboratory utilization.	laboratory testing algorithms use patient and laboratory data to identify the optimal testing strategy for patients. studies have shown that these algorithms can decrease test utilization. since over-utilization of hepatitis serological tests was suspected, a hepatitis serology testing algorithm was initiated in ontario, canada. this study determined the effects of this algorithm on utilization.	2002	12164979
more money would put an end to emergency room crunches.		2002	12171753
a physician workforce planning model applied to canadian anesthesiology: assessment of needs.	a human resource planning model for anesthesiology is described.	2002	12193482
questions of interest.		2002	11873912
postexposure treatment and animal rabies, ontario, 1958-2000.	this paper investigates the relationship between animal rabies and postexposure treatment (pet) in ontario by examining the introduction of human diploid cell vaccine (hdcv) in 1980 and the initiation of an oral rabies vaccination program for wildlife in 1989. introducing hdcv led to an immediate doubling of treatments. both animal rabies and human treatments declined rapidly after the vaccination program was introduced, but human treatments have leveled off at approximately 1,000 per year.	2002	11897079
hnf-1alpha g319s, a transactivation-deficient mutant, is associated with altered dynamics of diabetes onset in an oji-cree community.	the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the oji-cree of northwestern ontario is the third highest in the world. a private mutation, g319s, in hnf1a, which encodes hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha (hnf-1alpha), was associated with oji-cree type 2 diabetes and was found in approximately 40% of affected subjects. the g319s mutation reduced the in vitro ability of hnf-1alpha to activate transcription by approximately 50%, with no effect on dna binding or protein stability. there was no evidence o ...	2002	11904371
supply and demand for cardiac nurses in ontario: perceptions of cnos.	this article presents the results of a nursing survey of cardiac care hospitals undertaken by a cardiac care network of ontario consensus panel on cardiovascular human resources. the focus of the panel was to identify areas of current or pending shortages in human resources and make recommendations to the ministry of health and long-term care about human resource management in adult cardiac care in ontario. the article presents the number and mix of full-time, part-time and casual nursing staff, ...	2002	11908543