Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| toward functional genomics in bacteria: analysis of gene expression in escherichia coli from a bacterial artificial chromosome library of bacillus cereus. | as the study of microbes moves into the era of functional genomics, there is an increasing need for molecular tools for analysis of a wide diversity of microorganisms. currently, biological study of many prokaryotes of agricultural, medical, and fundamental scientific interest is limited by the lack of adequate genetic tools. we report the application of the bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) vector to prokaryotic biology as a powerful approach to address this need. we constructed a bac libra ... | 1999 | 10339608 |
| nisin in milk sensitizes bacillus spores to heat and prevents recovery of survivors. | decimal reduction times (d values) were determined for bacillus cereus t spores and b. stearothermophilus atcc 12980 spores in skim milk supplemented with various concentrations (0, 2,000, and 4,000 iu/ml) of the bacteriocin nisin by using an immersed, sealed capillary tube procedure. for both organisms, the addition of nisin lowered the apparent d values. for b. cereus, the addition of 2,000 iu of nisin per ml to skim milk before heating significantly (p< or =0.05) lowered the apparent d value ... | 1999 | 10340670 |
| pathological effect of synthetic cereulide, an emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, is reversible in mice. | cereulide is the causative toxin of the emetic type of food-borne illness caused by bacillus cereus. this toxin was previously shown to be associated with fulminant liver failure in a human case. mice were injected i.p. with synthetic cereulide and the development of histopathological changes was examined. hepatocytes showed mitochondrial swelling with loss of cristae, and dose-dependent increase of small fatty droplets. these microsteatotic hepatocytes were distributed mainly in the pericentral ... | 1999 | 10340720 |
| synthesis, mode of action, and biological activities of rebeccamycin bromo derivatives. | bromo analogues of the natural metabolite rebeccamycin with and without a methyl substituent on the imide nitrogen were synthesized. the effects of the drugs on protein kinase c, the binding to dna, and the effect on topoisomerase i were determined. the drugs' uptake and their antiproliferative activities against p388 leukemia cells sensitive and resistant to camptothecin, their antimicrobial activity against a gram-positive bacterium (b. cereus), and their anti-hiv-1 activity were measured and ... | 1999 | 10346933 |
| isolation, partial purification and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a newly isolated bacillus subtilis strain. | a wild type micro-organism producing antibacterial substances has been isolated from a chinese fermented soybean seasoning and identified as bacillus subtilis. a crude antibacterial preparation (cabp) was obtained by ammonium sulphate precipitation. isoelectric focusing assay revealed at least four antimicrobial components in the cabp. however, in sds-page analysis, only one peptide band displayed antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. this inhibito ... | 1999 | 10347890 |
| improved cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal enterotoxin. | an improved mccoy cell cytotoxicity assay for bacillus cereus diarrhoeal toxin, which includes a staining procedure in addition to visual examination, was developed and the method was compared with two commercially available kits (oxoid bcet-rpla and tecra bde-via). a total of 71 strains of 15 different bacillus, brevibacillus and paenibacillus species, including 16 strains of b. cereus from outbreaks of food-borne illness, were evaluated for toxin production. eleven of the outbreak strains exhi ... | 1999 | 10347895 |
| crystal structure of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides at 2.2 a resolution. | the crystal structure of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides was determined by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. the structure was refined to a final r-factor of 0.186 for 102,807 independent reflections with f/sigma(f) > or = 2.0 at 2.2 a resolution with root-mean-square deviations from ideality in bond lengths, and bond angles of 0.014 a and 3.00 degrees, respectively. the asymmetric unit comprises four molecules exhibiting a dimer-of-dimers structure. the enzyme, howeve ... | 1999 | 10348915 |
| structure of raw starch-digesting bacillus cereus beta-amylase complexed with maltose. | the crystals of beta-amylase from bacillus cereus belong to space group p21 with the following cell dimensions: a = 57.70 a, b = 92.87 a, c = 65.93 a, and beta =101.95 degrees. the structures of free and maltose-bound beta-amylases were determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.1 and 2.5 a with r-factors of 0.170 and 0.164, respectively. the final model of the maltose-bound form comprises 516 amino acid residues, four maltose molecules, 275 water molecules, one ca2+, one acetate, and one sulfate ... | 1999 | 10353816 |
| comparison between automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of bacillus cereus isolates from the dairy industry. | discrimination by automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna pcr, rapd, was compared for 40 different b. cereus dairy isolates, 4 different b. mycoides isolates and 6 culture collection strains. rapd-pcr has previously shown to be useful for tracing contamination routes of b. cereus to milk. automatic ribotyping using ecori and pvuii separated the b. cereus and b. mycoides isolates/strains into 36 different ribotypes. rapd-typing with primers generated 40 different rapd-profiles. ... | 1999 | 10357283 |
| influence of temperature shifts on survival, growth, and toxin production by psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus in potatoes and chicken gravy. | a study was done to determine the influence of temperature on growth and toxin production characteristics of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of bacillus cereus when inoculated into mashed potatoes and chicken gravy containing various concentrations of sodium chloride and held at temperatures different from those at which cells had been cultured. logarithmic growth phase cells (10 h, 30 degrees c) of psychrotrophic (f3802a/84) and mesophilic (b4ac-1) strains of bacillus cereus were inoculat ... | 1999 | 10359488 |
| modeling the inhibitory effects of organic acids on bacteria. | the inhibitory effect of acids on microbial growth has long been used to preserve foods from spoilage. while much of the effect can be accounted for by ph, it is well known that different organic acids vary considerably in their inhibitory effects. because organic acids are not members of a homologous series, but vary in the numbers of carboxy groups, hydroxy groups and carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule, it has typically not been possible to predict the magnitude, or in some cases even ... | 1999 | 10359489 |
| plcr is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factor gene expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | members of the bacillus cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, b. mycoides and b. thuringiensis) are well-known pathogens of mammals (b. anthracis and b. cereus) and insects (b. thuringiensis). the specific diseases they cause depend on their capacity to produce specific virulence factors, such as the lethal toxin of b. anthracis and the cry toxins of b. thuringiensis. however, these bacillus spp. also produce a variety of proteins, such as phospholipases c, which are known to act as virulence f ... | 1999 | 10361306 |
| nosocomial pseudoepidemic caused by bacillus cereus traced to contaminated ethyl alcohol from a liquor factory. | from september 1990 to october 1990, 15 patients who were admitted to four different departments of the national taiwan university hospital, including nine patients in the emergency department, three in the hematology/oncology ward, two in the surgical intensive care unit, and one in a pediatric ward, were found to have positive blood (14 patients) or pleural effusion (1 patient) cultures for bacillus cereus. after extensive surveillance cultures, 19 additional isolates of b. cereus were recover ... | 1999 | 10364598 |
| time for a fresh look at the bacterial chromosome. | 1999 | 10366858 | |
| pathogenesis of gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis. | the severity of endophthalmitis has been associated generally with the virulence of the offending pathogen. however, precisely what constitutes the virulence in intraocular infections remains ill defined. we therefore sought to identify the basis for virulence for three common ocular pathogens (bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus) in terms of intraocular growth rates, bacterial localization patterns, and the contribution of cell walls and secreted products to the pa ... | 1999 | 10377112 |
| role of hemolysin bl in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal bacillus cereus infection assessed in an endophthalmitis model. | bacillus cereus is a rare cause of serious human infection but, paradoxically, causes one of the most severe posttraumatic or endogenous infections of the eye, endophthalmitis, which frequently results in blindness. the virulence of b. cereus endophthalmitis historically has been attributed to toxin production. we therefore sought to examine the contribution of the dermonecrotic toxin, hemolysin bl, to the pathogenesis of b. cereus infection in an endophthalmitis system that is highly amenable t ... | 1999 | 10377113 |
| early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies. | to compare early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies (iofbs). | 1999 | 10380023 |
| evaluation of a modified enzymatic test for the detection of tetracyclines in milk. | the tetracycline galactosidase (tg) test, a new method for the detection of tetracycline residues in raw milk based on the inhibition of beta-galactosidase biosynthesis in escherichia coli, was previously validated with spiked milk samples. it has now been applied to milk from cows treated with oxytetracycline. in view of the occurrence of false positives, related to highly elevated somatic cell counts (>10(6)/ml), the improved tg test was developed, in which a heating step (80 degrees c, 15 min ... | 1999 | 10382652 |
| bacterial contamination of ready-to-eat foods and fresh products in retail shops and food factories. | raw vegetables cut for salad, cooked salad, cooked rice, boiled noodles, bean curd, and cooked japanese foods were purchased in 27 retail shops in tokyo. intact vegetables before being processed and ready-to-eat fresh salad products were obtained from two food factories located in the suburbs of tokyo. two hundred thirty-eight retail samples, 137 samples of intact vegetables, and 159 samples of fresh products were examined for aerobic plate count (apc), coliforms, escherichia coli, listeria spp. ... | 1999 | 10382654 |
| characterization, production, and purification of leucocin h, a two-peptide bacteriocin from leuconostoc mf215b. | leuconostoc mf215b was found to produce a two-peptide bacteriocin referred to as leucocin h. the two peptides were termed leucocin halpha and leucocin hbeta. when acting together, they inhibit, among others, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, and clostridium perfringens. production of leucocin h in growth medium takes place at temperatures down to 6 degrees c and at ph below 7. the highest activity of leucocin h in growth medium was demonstrated in the late exponential growth phase. the ba ... | 1999 | 10387116 |
| specific detection of the gene for the extracellular neutral protease of bacillus cereus by pcr and blot hybridization. | a pair of primers and a gene probe for the amplification and detection of the bacillus cereus neutral protease gene (nprc) were developed. specificity for the npr genes of the b. cereus group members b. cereus, b. mycoides, and b. thuringiensis was shown. restriction polymorphism patterns of the pcr products confirmed the presence of the nprc gene in all three species. | 1999 | 10388725 |
| cloning and characterization of blavim, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. | production of a metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate vr-143/97) from an italian inpatient at the verona university hospital (northern italy). the metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was isolated from a genomic library of vr-143/97, constructed in an escherichia coli plasmid vector, by screening for clones with reduced susceptibility to imipenem. sequencing of the cloned gene revealed that it encoded a new class b b ... | 1999 | 10390207 |
| roles of asp126 and asp156 in the enzyme function of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus. | to elucidate the roles of conserved asp residues of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) in the kinetic and binding properties of the enzyme toward various substrates and mg2+, the kinetic data on mutant smases (d126g and d156g) were compared with those of wild type (wt) enzyme. the stereoselectivity of the enzyme in the hydrolysis of monodispersed short-chain sphingomyelin (sm) analogs and the binding of mg2+ to the enzyme were not affected by the replacement of asp126 or asp156. the ph-dep ... | 1999 | 10393325 |
| role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase in hepatocytes: the dag-dependent protein kinase c pathway is not activated by epidermal growth factor (egf), but is involved in mediating the enhancement of responsiveness to egf by vasopressin, angiotensin ii, and norepinephrine. | the role of diacylglycerol (dag) in hormonal induction of s phase was investigated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. in this model, several agonists that bind to g protein-coupled receptors act as comitogens when added to the cells soon after plating (i.e., in go/early gl phase), while the cells are most responsive to the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (egf) at 24-48 h of culturing (i.e., mid/late gl). it was found that the cellular concentration of dag rose markedly and progr ... | 1999 | 10395290 |
| structure analysis of a class ii transposon encoding the mercury resistance of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium mb1, a strain isolated from minamata bay, japan. | a unique transposon was found in the chromosome of bacillus megaterium mb1, a gram-positive bacterium isolated from mercury-polluted sediments of minamata bay, japan. the transposon region of a 14.5kb dna fragment was amplified by pcr using a single pcr primer designed from the nucleotide sequence of an inverted repeat of class ii transposons. the molecular analysis revealed that the pcr-amplified dna fragment encodes a transposition module similar to that of tn21. the transposon also encodes a ... | 1999 | 10395910 |
| antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, salmonella veneziana, s. paratyphi b. s. typhimurium, fusarium moniliforme, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger and pyricularia oryzae have been studied. moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against a ... | 1999 | 10404547 |
| the smcl gene of listeria ivanovii encodes a sphingomyelinase c that mediates bacterial escape from the phagocytic vacuole. | the ruminant pathogen listeria ivanovii differs from listeria monocytogenes in that it causes strong, bizonal haemolysis and a characteristic shovel-shaped co-operative haemolytic ('camp-like') reaction with rhodococcus equi. we cloned the gene responsible for the differential haemolytic properties of l. ivanovii, smcl. it encodes a sphingomyelinase c (smase) highly similar (> 50% identity) to the smases from staphylococcus aureus (beta-toxin), bacillus cereus and leptospira interrogans. smcl wa ... | 1999 | 10417642 |
| antimicrobial activity and stability of tingenone derivatives. | quinone-methide triterpenes of the tingenone series were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. these compounds were effective against bacillus cereus, b. subtilis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, microsporum gypseum and a gram-negative bacterium, klebsiella pneumoniae. under acidic conditions, the quinone-methide part of these compounds rearranged into the divinyl-phenolic system, and the antimicrobial activity was thus lost. | 1999 | 10418334 |
| heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores: effects of milk constituents and stabilizing additives. | heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores (atcc 7004, 4342, and 9818) heated in different types of milk (skim, whole, and concentrated skim milk), skim milk containing stabilizing additives (sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, or disodium phosphate, 0.1%), and cream was investigated. thermal resistance experiments were performed at temperatures within the range of 92 to 115 degrees c under continuous monitoring of ph. for strain 4342 no significant differences (p < 0.05) in d values were de ... | 1999 | 10419217 |
| bacterial contamination in the environment of food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables. | a total of 196 samples were collected from equipment for trimming, washing, slicing, soaking, dehydrating, blending, and packaging and from the floor and air of operation rooms before and after operation in two food factories processing ready-to-eat fresh vegetables located in the suburbs of tokyo. heavy contamination determined by an aerobic plate count of >5.0 log cfu/cm2 or ml was observed after operation in most of the samples examined, as were samples taken before operation on the interior ... | 1999 | 10419276 |
| comparative phylogeny of rrs and nifh genes in the bacillaceae. | the rrs (16s rdna) gene sequences of nitrogen-fixing endospore-forming bacilli isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat and maize were determined in order to infer their phylogenetic position in the bacillaceae. these rhizosphere strains form a monophyletic cluster with paenibacillus azotofixans, paenibacillus polymyxa and paenibacillus macerans. two of them (rsa19 and tod45) had previously been identified as bacillus circulans (group 2) by phenotypic characterization (api 50ch). evidence for nitr ... | 1999 | 10425751 |
| a quantitative approach for studying the effect of heat treatment conditions on resistance and recovery of bacillus cereus spores. | when a bacterial population undergoes an unfavourable transient increase in temperature, a death phase followed by a lag and growth phase are observed for the surviving and cultivable population. the lag phase is of great interest in regard to food safety, but for bacterial spores, very few studies have been carried out on the evolution of lag time versus heat treatment duration. the experiments monitored on spores of two strains of bacillus cereus showed a biphasic evolution of the lag time for ... | 1999 | 10426451 |
| ionophoretic properties and mitochondrial effects of cereulide: the emetic toxin of b. cereus. | the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, found to cause immobilization of spermatozoa and swelling of their mitochondria, was purified and its structure found to be identical to the earlier known toxin cereulide. it increased the conductance in black-lipid membranes in kcl solutions in an ionophore-like manner. it formed adducts with k+, na+, and nh4+ but the conductance was highly selective for k+ in relation to na+ and h+ (three orders of magnitude). the increase in the kinetics of conductance ind ... | 1999 | 10429194 |
| [development from actions of bacterial phospholipases c on eucaryotic plasma membranes to molecular biology of gpi-anchored proteins]. | bacterial phospholipases c are known to act on biomembranes, since they can cleave the phosphodiester linkage between the polar head and the hydrophobic moiety of each phospholipid in these membranes. these enzymes have been classified into three groups; phosphatidylcholine (pc)-, sphingomyelin (sm)- and phosphatidylinositol (pi)-degrading phospholipases c. enzymatic properties and toxicities of these phospholipases c are reviewed, in relation to author's research. studies on the hemolytic phosp ... | 1999 | 10434800 |
| an unusual cytochrome o'-type cytochrome c oxidase in a bacillus cereus cytochrome a3 mutant has a very high affinity for oxygen. | bacillus cereus strain pym1 is a mutant unable to synthesize haem a or spectrally detectable cytochromes aa3 or caa3. the nature of the remaining oxidase(s) catalysing oxygen uptake has been studied. respiratory oxidase activities and the levels of cytochromes b and c increased 2.6- to 4.2-fold on transition from exponential growth, in either of two media, to sporulation stage iii, as previously observed for the parent wild-type strain. nadh oxidase activity at both stages of culture was several ... | 1999 | 10439395 |
| the effects of electron and chemical ionization modes on the ms profiling of whole bacteria. | free fatty acid profiling of whole bacteria [francisella tularensis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis (vegetative and sporulated), and bacillus cereus] was carried out with direct probe mass spectrometry under 70-ev electron ionization (ei) and isobutane chemical ionization in both the positive (ci+) and negative modes (ci-). electron ionization produced spectra that contained molecular ions and fragment ions from various free fatty acids. spectra acquired with isobutane ... | 1999 | 10439512 |
| [infection by bacillus cereus in a girl diagnosed with ependimoma]. | 1999 | 10439545 | |
| post-surgical bacillus cereus endophthalmitis outbreak. | 1999 | 10440002 | |
| formation and structure of mixed bacterial communities. | mixed bacterial communities are formed by unrelated bacteria on solid media. mixed bacterial communities on solid media are similar to "classical" colonies and are formed after the growth of a large number of unrelated bacteria simultaneously plated onto a limited area of agar. the morphology of the mixed bacterial communities was similar for different combinations of bacteria and did not change when the bacteria were plated on different media. different bacterial strains form zones of individua ... | 1999 | 10440060 |
| a bridging study for oxytetracycline in the edible fillet of rainbow trout: analysis by a liquid chromatographic method and the official microbial inhibition assay. | oxytetracycline (otc) is a drug approved by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) to control certain diseases in salmonids and catfish. otc is also a likely control agent for diseases of other fish species and for other diseases of salmonids and catfish not currently on the label. one requirement for fda to extend and expand the approval of this antibacterial agent to other fish species is residue depletion studies. the current regulatory method for otc in fish tissue, based on microbial i ... | 1999 | 10444825 |
| magnetic capture-hybridization method for purification and probing of mrna for neutral protease of bacillus cereus. | a magnetic capture-hybridization method was assessed for the isolation of prokaryotic mrna for the neutral protease of b. cereus from liquid culture. a biotin-labeled specific probe was hybridized to the mrna transcripts and subsequently captured by streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads. mrna was detected by dot-blot hybridization with a ds dig-labeled dna-probe. the magnetic capture hybridization is a rapid and simple method and has a promising potential for gene expression studies in complex ... | 1999 | 10445318 |
| the microbiological quality of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom. | the microbiological quality of 4,162 samples of cooked rice from restaurants and take-away premises in the united kingdom was examined, including ready-to-eat rice purchased at point-of-sale and rice that was stored precooked for reheating on demand. the majority of point-of-sale cooked rice samples (1,855 of 1,972; 94%) were of acceptable microbiological quality, but 15 (1%) samples were of unacceptable quality (bacillus spp. and b. cereus, > or = 10(5) cfu/g; escherichia coli, > or = 10(4) cfu ... | 1999 | 10456740 |
| long-chain polyphosphate causes cell lysis and inhibits bacillus cereus septum formation, which is dependent on divalent cations. | we investigated the cellular mechanisms that led to growth inhibition, morphological changes, and lysis of bacillus cereus wsbc 10030 when it was challenged with a long-chain polyphosphate (polyp). at a concentration of 0.1% or higher, polyp had a bacteriocidal effect on log-phase cells, in which it induced rapid lysis and reductions in viable cell counts of up to 3 log units. the cellular debris consisted of empty cell wall cylinders and polar caps, suggesting that polyp-induced lysis was spati ... | 1999 | 10473399 |
| the sequence of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin operon from bacillus cereus. | the non-haemolytic enterotoxin from bacillus cereus has been sequenced. it is composed of three components, non-haemolytic enterotoxin a, b and c of 41.0, 39.8 and 36.5 kda, respectively. transcription of the operon seems to be positively regulated by plcr, a gene that also regulates phospholipase c expression. there is substantial similarity between the three proteins of non-haemolytic enterotoxin and between the non-haemolytic enterotoxin and haemolytic enterotoxin proteins. | 1999 | 10474188 |
| characterization of the exosporium of bacillus cereus. | exosporium components from endospores of bacillus cereus atcc 10876 were purified and separated by gel electrophoresis. several of the proteins for which n-terminal sequences were recovered were found to have homologues in protein databases which have been demonstrated to have enzymic activity in other organisms. amongst these is a zinc metalloprotease, immune inhibitor a, already described in b. thuringiensis. this has been shown to be present in an active 73 kda form on the exosporium of b. ce ... | 1999 | 10475957 |
| molecular recognition specificity of bacillus anthracis spore antibodies. | the sensitivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised against anthrax spore preparations has been assessed by western blotting. none of the antibodies studied were completely specific in recognizing the anthrax spore surface. a polyclonal serum recognized a wide range of spore surface epitopes and demonstrated limited cross-reaction with the near-neighbour species bacillus cereus spore surface. two monoclonal antibodies studied demonstrated more extensive cross-reaction ... | 1999 | 10475958 |
| modelling the overall effect of ph on the apparent heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores. | a simple overall model is proposed to describe the effect of both the ph of the heating menstruum and the ph of the recovery medium on the apparent spore heat resistance of bacillus cereus. applied to foods making up both heating and recovery media, the model can be reduced to only two parameters. its goodness of fit and its robustness enable it to be applied to the optimisation of heat treatments. however. further experiments should be undertaken to validate the model for other species and to d ... | 1999 | 10477071 |
| bacterial populations associated with a sorghum-based fermented weaning cereal. | microbiological surveys, to determine the quality and safety, were conducted on 45 sorghum samples comprising dry powders (n = 15) and corresponding fermented (n = 15) and cooked fermented porridge (n = 15) samples collected from households in an informal settlement of the gauteng province of south africa. mean aerobic plate counts, gram-negative counts and bacterial spore counts of sorghum powder samples decreased in fermented and cooked fermented porridge samples. however, mean lactic acid bac ... | 1999 | 10477073 |
| binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c to phospholipid interfaces, determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. | dissociation constants for binding of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (bcpi-plc) and the mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c-delta(1) to lipid interfaces containing phosphoinositol, phosphocholine, and phosphomethanol head groups were determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. dansyl-labeled lipid probes were used as acceptors, with intrinsic tryptophan of the enzyme as the donor. titration of protein into lipid provided data from ... | 1999 | 10477830 |
| decontamination of human sclera: an in vitro study. | the human sclera is frequently used in ophthalmic surgeries and must be preserved in disinfectants that prevent its contamination. in this study the efficiency of glycerin, absolute alcohol (ethanol), and benzalkonium chloride (1:5,000) as human sclera disinfectants were compared. | 1999 | 10487435 |
| alkaline phosphatase production during sporulation of bacillus cereus. | cell-bound alkaline phosphatase of bacillus cereus was produced during vegetative growth and sporulation in a complex medium. addition of glucose repressed the sporulation process and the amount of enzyme synthesized increased. the time course of alkaline phosphatase production is very similar in both sporulating and non-sporulating cells. irrespective of sporulation, alkaline phosphatase level shows a peak of activity in the exponential phase, and another in the stationary phase of growth. this ... | 1999 | 10489697 |
| detection and characterization of cerein 7, a new bacteriocin produced by bacillus cereus with a broad spectrum of activity. | a bacteriocin-producing strain of bacillus cereus was identified and isolated from a soil sample. the bacteriocin could be purified by a two-step procedure: ammonium sulfate precipitation of culture supernatants followed by a butanol extraction step, the antibiotic was recovered from the organic phase. the peptidic nature of the bacteriocin was proven by its sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes; its molecular mass, determined by mass spectrometry, was 3940 da; and its amino-terminal sequence (gwgd ... | 1999 | 10499284 |
| the 105-kda protein component of bacillus cereus non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is a metalloprotease with gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity. | a sequence of 91 amino acids residues, probably starting from the n-terminal of the mature protein, was determined for the 105-kda protein of the non-haemolytic enterotoxin of bacillus cereus. the last part of this sequence was similar to parts of the n-terminal portions of two collagenases of clostridium histolyticum and clostridium perfringens. zymography, with intact collagen fibril and gelatin as substrates, showed that the 105-kda protein had collagenolytic and gelatinolytic activity. the 1 ... | 1999 | 10499286 |
| evolution and mechanism from structures of an adp-ribosylating toxin and nad complex. | a member of the bacillus-produced vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) possesses high specificity against the major insect pest, corn rootworms, and belongs to a class of binary toxins and regulators of biological pathways distinct from classical a-b toxins. the 1.5 a resolution crystal structure of the enzymatic adp-ribosyltransferase component, vip2, from bacillus cereus reveals structurally homologous n- and c-terminal alpha/beta domains likely representing the entire class of binary toxin ... | 1999 | 10504727 |
| analysis of transglutaminase-catalyzed isopeptide bonds in paired helical filaments and neurofibrillary tangles from alzheimer's disease. | 1999 | 10507024 | |
| carbapenem derivatives as potential inhibitors of various beta-lactamases, including class b metallo-beta-lactamases. | a variety of 1beta-methylcarbapenem derivatives were screened to identify inhibitors of imp-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, a class b beta-lactamase, in an automated microassay system using nitrocefin as a substrate. the structure-inhibitory-activity relationship study revealed that three types of 1beta-methylcarbapenems having benzothienylthio, dithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinylthio moieties at the c-2 position showed good inhibitory activity. among the compounds screened, j-110,441, having a benzothie ... | 1999 | 10508031 |
| identification of bacillus spores by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry. | unique patterns of biomarkers were reproducibly characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (maldi)-mass spectrometry and were used to distinguish bacillus species members from one another. discrimination at the strain level was demonstrated for bacillus cereus spores. lipophilic biomarkers were invariant in bacillus globigii spores produced in three different media and in b. globigii spores stored for more than 30 years. the sensitivity was less than 5,000 cells deposited for a ... | 1999 | 10508053 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the hemolysin bl enterotoxin complex produced by bacillus cereus. | a total of five hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies against the components of the hemolysin bl (hbl) enterotoxin complex and sphingomyelinase produced by bacillus cereus were established and characterized. monoclonal antibody 2a3 was specific for the b component, antibodies 1a12 and 8b12 were specific for the l(2) component, and antibody 1c2 was specific for the l(1) protein of the hbl enterotoxin complex. no cross-reactivity with other proteins produced by different strains ... | 1999 | 10508077 |
| mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. | carvacrol, a naturally occurring compound mainly present in the essential oil fraction of oregano and thyme, was studied for its effect on bioenergetic parameters of vegetative cells of the food-borne pathogen bacillus cereus. incubation for 30 min in the presence of 1 to 3 mm carvacrol reduced the viable cell numbers exponentially. carvacrol (2 mm) significantly depleted the intracellular atp pool to values close to 0 within 7 min. no proportional increase of the extracellular atp pool was obse ... | 1999 | 10508096 |
| toxigenic strains of bacillus licheniformis related to food poisoning. | toxin-producing isolates of bacillus licheniformis were obtained from foods involved in food poisoning incidents, from raw milk, and from industrially produced baby food. the toxin detection method, based on the inhibition of boar spermatozoan motility, has been shown previously to be a sensitive assay for the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus, cereulide. cell extracts of the toxigenic b. licheniformis isolates inhibited sperm motility, damaged cell membrane integrity, depleted cellular atp, and s ... | 1999 | 10508100 |
| macquarimicin a inhibits membrane-bound neutral sphingomyelinase from rat brain. | 1999 | 10513848 | |
| radiation sensitivity of bacillus cereus with and without a crystalline surface protein layer. | the radiation sensitivity of four strains of bacillus cereus was investigated with attention to bacterial surface structure. all four strains were sensitive to radiation with gamma rays (d(10)=0.4 kgy). no crystalline surface protein layer could be detected on the cell surface. when cultured on solid media, an s-layer covered the cells of the two strains, and they were 2.6 times as resistant to radiation as the two reference strains without an s-layer. in sds-page, a major 97-kda band from the r ... | 1999 | 10518726 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity in vitro of new amino acids and peptides containing thiazole and oxazole moieties. | 2-(pyrrolidinyl)thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 5d, 2-(1-aminoalkyl)thiazole-4-carboxamides and hydrazides 8, 10 have been synthesized using alanine, valine, and proline as educts. in addition oxazole amino acids derived from leucine 20a and alanine 20b and some peptides 13, 14, 16 containing the 5-ring heterocyclic backbone modifications have been prepared. the thiazole and oxazole containing amino acids and peptides showed moderate antibacterial activity in vitro against various gram-positive (stap ... | 1999 | 10520298 |
| amplification of fluorescently labelled dna within gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. | representative organisms from a variety of gram-positive genera were subjected to varying regimes in order to optimise the intracellular amplification of dna. the bacteria were subjected to treatments with paraformaldehyde, muramidases and mild acid hydrolysis to discover which regime made each organism permeable to the amplification reagents yet allowed retention of the fluorescein-labelled amplified products within the cell. scanning electron micrographs were used to corroborate the effectiven ... | 1999 | 10520585 |
| zwittermicin a biosynthetic cluster. | the goal of this study was to identify the biosynthetic cluster for zwittermicin a, a novel, broad spectrum, aminopolyol antibiotic produced by bacillus cereus. the nucleotide sequence of 2.7kb of dna flanking the zwittermicin a self-resistance gene, zmar, from b. cereus uw85 revealed three open reading frames (orfs). of these orfs, two had sequence similarity to acyl-coa dehydrogenases and polyketide synthases, respectively. insertional inactivation demonstrated that orf2 is necessary for zwitt ... | 1999 | 10521664 |
| bacillus cereus causing fulminant sepsis and hemolysis in two patients with acute leukemia. | hemolysis is so rarely associated with bacillus cereus sepsis that only two very well documented cases have been reported. this article reports two unusual cases of bacillus cereus sepsis with massive intravascular hemolysis in patients who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all). | 1999 | 10524460 |
| combined action of nisin and carvacrol on bacillus cereus and listeria monocytogenes. | nisin, a small antimicrobial protein, was tested for its bactericidal action against listeria monocytogenes and bacillus cereus and a typical biphasic reduction of the viable count was observed. the reduction was most fast during the first 10 min of exposure, while the viable count remained stable in the last part of the exposure period. bacillus cereus was more sensitive towards nisin than l. monocytogenes and the inhibitory effect of nisin was stronger towards cells cultivated and exposed at 8 ... | 1999 | 10530038 |
| changing epidemiology of infections in patients with neutropenia and cancer: emphasis on gram-positive and resistant bacteria. | over the past 3 decades, considerable changes have occurred in the types of bacteria causing infection in febrile patients with neutropenia and cancer. twenty years ago, gram-negative bacteria caused approximately 70% of bloodstream infections. as a probable consequence of long-dwelling intravascular devices, fluoroquinolone prophylaxis, and high-dose chemotherapy-induced mucositis, there has been a shift toward gram-positive coccal bacteremia. in most centers today, approximately 70% of bactere ... | 1999 | 10530434 |
| bacteriological studies of blood, tissue fluid, lymph and lymph nodes in patients with acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla) in course of 'filarial' lymphedema. | filarial lymphedema is complicated by frequent episodes of dermatolymphangioadenitis (dla). severe systemic symptoms during attacks of dla resemble those of septicemia. the question we asked was whether bacterial isolates can be found in the peripheral blood of patients during the episodes of dla. out of 100 patients referred to us with 'filarial' lymphedema 14 displayed acute and five subacute symptoms of dla. all were on admission blood microfilariae negative but had a positive test in the pas ... | 1999 | 10546838 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and molecular characterization of hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus. | hemolysin ii gene from bacillus cereus vkm-b771 has been sequenced. the deduced primary translation product consists of 412 amino acid residues which corresponds to the protein with an m(r) of 45.6 kda. the predicted mature hly-ii protein (residues 32 to 412) is of 42.3 kda, which is in close agreement with the mini-cell electrophoresis analysis. hly-ii deletion variant lacking 96 c-terminal residues still has hemolytic activity. the protein primary structure analysis revealed no homology with a ... | 1999 | 10547438 |
| restriction site insertion-pcr (rsi-pcr) for rapid discrimination and typing of closely related microbial strains. | taking advantage of point mutations between dna sequences of closely related microbial strains, pcr primers modified with respect to the target sequence at positions 2-5 near the 3' end were designed to obtain a fragment harbouring an artificial restriction site specific for a given strain. the modified forward primer coupled with a specific reverse primer allows for the amplification of dna fragments which can be digested with the specific endonuclease only in those strains where the restrictio ... | 1999 | 10547447 |
| antimicrobial activities of several parts of pinus brutia, juniperus oxycedrus, abies cilicia, cedrus libani and pinus nigra. | in this study, the antimicrobial activities of several parts of various trees grown in the kahramanmaraş region of turkey were investigated by the disc diffusion method. chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of leaves, resins, barks, cones and fruits of pinus brutia ten., juniperus oxycedrus l., abies cilicia ant. & kotschy carr., cedrus libani a. rich. and pinus nigra arn. were prepared and tested against bacillus megaterium dsm 32, bacillus subtilis img 22, bacillus cereus fmc 19, escheric ... | 1999 | 10548751 |
| preformed bacterial toxins. | food poisoning syndromes caused by four different bacteria are described. for all types, food kept at a permissive temperature allows growth of the vegetative forms of the bacteria and production of a toxin or toxins. the key features of these syndromes, as well as possible new trends of concern, are summarized in table 1. | 1999 | 10549427 |
| bacillus cereus dissociates hemoglobin and uses released heme as an iron source. | b. cereus can use hemoglobin, heme, and heme-albumin complex as iron sources, but does not use other iron binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. b. cereus digests heme-protein complexes and elicits heme release from the proteins, but does not digest transferrin and lactoferrin. dissociation of heme-proteins corresponded to the use of iron sources by b. cereus. this activity was completely inhibited by edta and phosphoramidon, and metalloendopeptidase inhibitors, therefore it appea ... | 1999 | 10549868 |
| antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture. | curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. the oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees c, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. these fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against bacillus cereus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtil ... | 1999 | 10552805 |
| a novel surfactant nanoemulsion with broad-spectrum sporicidal activity against bacillus species. | two nontoxic, antimicrobial nanoemulsions, bctp and bctp 401, have been developed. these emulsions are composed of detergents and oils in 80% water. bctp diluted up to 1:1000 inactivated>90% of bacillus anthracis spores in 4 h and was also sporicidal against three other bacillus species. this sporicidal activity is due to disruption of the spore coat after initiation of germination without complete outgrowth. bctp 401 diluted 1:1000 had greater activity than bctp against bacillus spores and had ... | 1999 | 10558951 |
| mercury resistance in bacillus cereus rc607: transcriptional organization and two new open reading frames. | the chromosomal mercury resistance determinant of bacillus cereus rc607 confers resistance to inorganic mercury and to organomercurials. the order of genes in the completed mercury resistance determinant is operator-promoter 1 (o/p1) merr1 mert open reading frame 3 (orf3) orf4 mera o/p2 merr2 merb2 merb1. the previously undetermined 1-kb dna sequence between the mera and merb1 genes includes two significant orfs, whose predicted protein products are homologous with merr (the transcriptional regu ... | 1999 | 10559175 |
| thermal inactivation of bacillus cereus spores formed at different temperatures. | the effects of the sporulation temperature in the range 20-45 degrees c on the d and z values of three isolates of bacillus cereus (atcc 4342, 7004 and 9818) were investigated. the strains were found to differ in their response. higher d100 values (around 10-fold) were obtained with isolates 4342 and 9818 when the sporulation temperature increased from 20 to 45 degrees c. with isolate 7004 (the least heat resistant of the three strains), however, the most thermal tolerant spores were obtained at ... | 1999 | 10563465 |
| a comparison of bacillus cereus and aeromonas hydrophilia zn-beta-lactamases. | 1999 | 15263322 | |
| a case of bovine mastitis caused by bacillus cereus. | 1999 | 16032094 | |
| an active-site mutation causes enhanced reactivity and altered regiospecificity of transglucosylation catalyzed by the bacillus sp. sam1606 alpha-glucosidase. | bacillus sp. sam1606 alpha-glucosidase catalyzes the transglucosylation of sucrose to produce three regioisomers of the glucosylsucroses, with theanderose (6-o(g)-glucosylsucrose) as the most abundant transfer product. to find the active-site amino acid residues which can affect the reactivity and regiospecificity of the glucosyl transfer, 16 mutants with amino acid substitutions near the active site were allowed to react with 1.75 m sucrose at 60 degrees c, ph 6.0, and the course of transglucos ... | 2000 | 16232773 |
| regression analyses for evaluating the influence of bacillus cereus on alfalfa yield under variable disease intensity. | abstract we developed and tested regression methods to exploit the variability in disease inherent in field experiments, and applied the methods to evaluate strains of bacillus cereus for biocontrol efficacy. four b. cereus strains were tested for their effect on alfalfa (medicago sativa) performance in 16 field trials planted during 1993 to 1996 at multiple sites in wisconsin. to evaluate performance of the strains, we used the ratio of (metalaxyl response)/(untreated control response) as a mea ... | 2000 | 18944546 |
| properties of chitosanase from bacillus cereus s1. | chitosanase from bacillus cereus s1 was purified, and the enzymatic properties were investigated. the molecular weight was estimated to 45,000 on sds-page. optimum ph was about 6, and stable ph in the incubation at 40 degrees c for 60 min was 6-11. this chitosanase was stable in alkaline side. optimum temperature was around 60 degrees c, and enzyme activity was relatively stable below 60 degrees c. the degradations of colloidal chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) were about 30 and 20% rel ... | 2000 | 10568796 |
| phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c-mediated induction of phospholipase d activity in fas-expressing murine cells. | we have previously reported that fas cross-linking resulted in the activation of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase c (pc-plc) and the subsequent activation of protein kinase c (pkc) and phospholipase d (pld) in a20 cells. in an attempt to correlate the existence of pc-plc activity and activation of pld by fas activation among various fas-expressing murine cell lines, we have investigated the effect of anti-fas monoclonal antibody on pc-plc and pld activities in a20, p388d1 and yac-1 cel ... | 2000 | 11007187 |
| research on factors allowing a risk assessment of spore-forming pathogenic bacteria in cooked chilled foods containing vegetables: a fair collaborative project. | vegetables are frequent ingredients of cooked chilled foods and are frequently contaminated with spore-forming bacteria (sfb). therefore, risk assessment studies have been carried out, including the following: hazard identification and characterisation--from an extensive literature review and expertise of the participants, b. cereus and c. botulinum were identified as the main hazards; exposure assessment--consisting of determination of the prevalence of hazardous sfb in cooked chilled foods con ... | 2000 | 11016602 |
| new developments in chromogenic and fluorogenic culture media. | this review describes some recent developments in chromogenic and fluorogenic culture media in microbiological diagnostic. the detection of beta-d-glucuronidase (gud) activity for enumeration of escherichia coli is well known. e. coli o157:h7 strains are usually gud-negative and do not ferment sorbitol. these characteristics are used in selective media for these organisms and new chromogenic media are available. some of the new chromogenic media make the salmonella diagnostic easier and faster. ... | 2000 | 11016610 |
| properties of bacillus cereus and other bacilli contaminating biomaterial-based industrial processes. | this paper is an overview on bacilli in industrial processes, with focus on food grade paper and paperboard production. paperboards mainly contain sporeforming bacteria belonging to the genera bacillus, paenibacillus and brevibacillus, usually found in quantities from < 50 to 250 cfu g(-1) homogenized paperboard. of those frequently found, bacillus cereus group, b. licheniformis, b. subtilis and brevibacillus brevis are important for food hygiene because of their hydrolytic activities on food co ... | 2000 | 11016612 |
| structural model requirements to describe microbial inactivation during a mild heat treatment. | the classical concept of d and z values, established for sterilisation processes, is unable to deal with the typical non-loglinear behaviour of survivor curves occurring during the mild heat treatment of sous vide or cook-chill food products. structural model requirements are formulated, eliminating immediately some candidate model types. promising modelling approaches are thoroughly analysed and, if applicable, adapted to the specific needs: two models developed by casolari (1988), the inactiva ... | 2000 | 11020040 |
| comparison of pcr-rflp, ribotyping and eric-pcr for typing bacillus anthracis and bacillus cereus strains. | pcr-rflp analysis of the vrra gene and cerab gene was used to investigate the genomic diversity in 21 strains of bacillus anthracis and 28 strains of bacillus cereus, and was compared with results obtained by ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr (eric-pcr) analysis. vrra-typing divided the b. anthracis into four groups. except for one pasteur vaccine strain, the vrra pcr-rflp profiles of the b. anthracis were separated into three groups, which were different from th ... | 2000 | 11021577 |
| soybean vegetable protein (tofu) preserved with high pressure. | tofu is a soybean vegetable protein that asians have long consumed; its intake is increasing in other countries. tofu was purchased at a local shop. the tofu samples were already preserved in plastic bags subjected to vacuum and storage (5 c). tofu samples were subjected to high pressure (hp) of 400 mpa at 5 c for 5, 30, and 45 mm. microbial analysis, sensorial evaluation, and structure were determined. hp treatment in tofu reduces the microbial population. most of the microorganisms found in th ... | 2000 | 11032484 |
| characterization of the chemotaxis fli y and che a genes in bacillus cereus. | this paper describes the first identification of chemotaxis genes in bacillus cereus. we sequenced and studied the genomic organization and the expression of the chea and fliy genes in two different b. cereus strains, atcc 14579 and atcc 10987. while chea encodes a highly conserved protein acting as the main regulator of the chemotactic response in flagellated eubacteria, fliy, which has been previously described only in b. subtilis, is one of the three genes encoding proteins of the flagellar s ... | 2000 | 11034287 |
| involvement of a pasteurizer in the contamination of milk by bacillus cereus in a commercial dairy plant. | 2000 | 11037242 | |
| antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts. | a rosemary extract commercially exploited (oxy'less) as an antioxidant of lipids in foods was dissolved in ethanol (100 mg/ml), and the solution was tested against foodborne microorganisms. for gram-positive bacteria, the mic of the ethanolic solution was 1% for leuconostoc mesenteroides, 0.5% for listeria monocytogenes, 0.5% for staphylococcus aureus, 0.13% for streptococcus mutans, and 0.06% for bacillus cereus. it slowed the growth of penicillium roquefortii and botrytis cinerea. up to 1% of ... | 2000 | 11041135 |
| human cell exposure assays of bacillus thuringiensis commercial insecticides: production of bacillus cereus-like cytolytic effects from outgrowth of spores. | most contemporary bioinsecticides are derived from scaled-up cultures of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (bti) and kurstaki (btk), whose particulate fractions contain mostly b. thuringiensis spores (> 10(12)/l) and proteinaceous aggregates, including crystal-like parasporal inclusion bodies (pib). based on concerns over relatedness to b. cereus-group pathogens, we conducted extensive testing of b. thuringiensis (bt) products and their subfractions using seven human cell types. the ... | 2000 | 11049810 |
| outbreak of bacillus cereus infections in a neonatal intensive care unit traced to balloons used in manual ventilation. | in 1998, an outbreak of systemic infections caused by bacillus cereus occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit of the university hospital vrije universiteit, amsterdam, the netherlands. three neonates developed sepsis with positive blood cultures. one neonate died, and the other two neonates recovered. an environmental survey, a prospective surveillance study of neonates, and a case control study were performed, in combination with molecular typing, in order to identify potential sources and ... | 2000 | 11060080 |
| kinetic steps for the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin by bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase in lipid monolayers. | the sphingomyelinase (sphmase) activity degrading sphingomyelin (sphm) monolayers shows a slow-reaction latency period before exhibiting constant rate catalysis. these two kinetic regions are regulated independently by the lateral surface pressure and by lipids that are biomodulators of cell function such as ceramide, glycosphingolipids, fatty acids, and lysophospholipids. knowledge of the interfacial adsorption of sphmase, precatalytic activation, initiation of effective catalysis, and the corr ... | 2000 | 11060353 |
| the plcr regulon is involved in the opportunistic properties of bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus in mice and insects. | bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used for 40 years as a safe biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests and mosquitoes because it produces insecticidal crystal proteins. however, spores have also been shown to contribute to overall entomopathogenicity. here, the opportunistic properties of acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis cry(-) and bacillus cereus strains were investigated in an insect species, galleria mellonella, and in a mammal, balb/c mice. in both animal models, the pathogenici ... | 2000 | 11065361 |
| bacillus cereus produces most emetic toxin at lower temperatures. | seven emetic toxin-producing strains of bacillus cereus were examined for toxin production in skim milk medium at incubation temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 degrees c. minimum and maximum growth temperatures were found to be 12 and 46 degrees c, respectively. at 12 and 15 degrees c, levels of toxin production were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that observed at 30 degrees c, while no toxin was produced above 37 degrees c. increased levels of sporulation were observed at increased temper ... | 2000 | 11069642 |
| a new cytotoxin from bacillus cereus that may cause necrotic enteritis. | a cytotoxin (cytk) has been isolated from a bacillus cereus strain that caused a severe food poisoning outbreak killing three people. a protein of 34 kda was highly cytotoxic, and the addition of other secreted proteins gave no synergistic effect. cytk was also necrotic and haemolytic. no known b. cereus enterotoxins were produced by this strain. a dna sequence from 1.8 kb upstream to 0.2 kb downstream of the toxin gene was sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence of the toxin showed similarit ... | 2000 | 11069652 |
| ceramide mass analysis by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | 2000 | 11070859 |