Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of underivatized dencichine (beta-n-oxalyl-l-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) in panax medicinal plant species. | dencichine (beta-n-oxalyl-l-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) is a haemostatic agent present in important chinese medicinal herbs such as panax notoginseng, as well as other panax species. it is also a reported neurotoxic agent found in lathyrus sativus (grass pea seed). a selective analytical method incorporating hydrophilic interaction chromatography with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (hilic/esi-ms/ms), for the analysis of dencichine in panax plant species, was deve ... | 2005 | 15838924 |
| panax notoginseng supplementation enhances physical performance during endurance exercise. | the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a single 1,350-mg dose of panax notoginseng (png) could enhance aerobic capacity, endurance, and mean blood pressure (map) in young adults. we randomly assigned 29 untrained adults, aged 20-35 years, to an experimental (exp, n = 13) or a control (con, n = 16) group. for 30 days, the exp took 1,350 mg per day of png capsule and the con consumed 1,350 mg per day of starch capsule. measurement variables were taken before and after 30 days of eith ... | 2005 | 15744902 |
| [experimental study on anti-platelet effects of ginsenoside -2a in vitro]. | to explore the in vitro anti-platelet effects of ginsenoside -2a,a purified extract from panax notoginseng. | 2006 | 17569356 |
| ginsenoside rd from panax notoginseng is cytotoxic towards hela cancer cells and induces apoptosis. | the saponin ginsenoside rd (1), isolated from panax notoginseng, is used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, different body pains, trauma, and internal and external bleeding due to injury. in this study, we report that 1 inhibits the cell growth of human cervical cancer (hela) cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an ic(50) value of 150.5+/-0.8 mcirog/ml after 48 h of incubation. the drug-treated cells displayed features of apoptosis, including typical ... | 2006 | 17193257 |
| ginsenoside re and notoginsenoside r1: immunologic adjuvants with low haemolytic effect. | the further purification of the total saponins from the roots of panax notoginseng (burk.) f. h. chen by ordinary and reversed-phase silica-gel, as well as sephadex lh-20 chromatography afforded two adjuvant active dammarane-type saponins, ginsenoside re (1) and notoginsenoside r1 (2). these two saponins were evaluated for haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of icr mice against ovalbumin (ova). the concentrations inducing 50% of the maximum ... | 2006 | 17193304 |
| [effect of panax notoginseng saponins injection on brain edema in intracerebral hemorrhage rats]. | to study the effect of panax notoginseng saponins (pns) in treating hemorrhagic apoplexy at super-early stage in rats. | 2006 | 17121046 |
| a uniform hplc method developed for the analysis of salvia miltiorrhiza, panax notoginseng, and fufang danshen. | fufang danshen (ffds) is a famous typical chinese complex prescription, which is mainly composed of radix salvia miltiorrhiza bunge (sm) and radix panax notoginseng (pn). an hplc method is developed to analyze sm, pn, and ffds effectively; the effective analysis is achieved by using a gradient elution procedure with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.025% aqueous phosphoric acid (v/v). through this method, 33 peaks in ffds are clearly exhibited, and the components that make up the 3 ... | 2006 | 17254367 |
| [rp-hplc characteristics of panax notoginseng]. | to develop the chemical characteristics of panax notoginseng in order to control its quality. | 2006 | 17262953 |
| [analysis of dencichine by hplc with pre-column derivatization]. | to establish a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatorgraphy (rp-hplc) method for detecting the dencichine in panax notoginseng extracts and drug preparations. | 2006 | 17285985 |
| notoginsenoside r1 from panax notoginseng inhibits tnf-alpha-induced pai-1 production in human aortic smooth muscle cells. | notoginsenoside r1 is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in panax notoginseng. we reported that notoginsenoside r1 significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha)-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) mrna, protein level and secretion in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hasmcs) in a dose-dependent manner. tnf-alpha significantly increased extracellular signal-related kinases (erk) and protein kinase b (pkb) activation and, which was blocked by notoginse ... | 2006 | 16458614 |
| isolation of a ribonuclease from sanchi ginseng (panax pseudoginseng) flowers distinct from other ginseng ribonucleases. | a single-chained ribonuclease was isolated from the aqueous extract of sanchi ginseng (panax pseudoginseng) flowers. it exhibited a molecular mass of 23 kda, an n-terminal sequence with some similarity to other enzymes involved in rna metabolism but different from known ribonucleases, and considerably higher activity toward poly u than poly c and only slight activity toward poly a and poly g. the purification protocol entailed ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose, af ... | 2006 | 16540087 |
| [determination of organochlorine pesticide residue in nine chinese herbs by gas chromatography]. | to determine organochlorine pesticide residue in 9 chinese herbs. | 2006 | 16495190 |
| effect of panax notoginseng saponins on lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion of leukocytes in rat mesenteric venules. | panax notoginseng is the root of the chinese traditional herb, panax notoginseng (burk) f.h. chen. this study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of panax notoginseng saponins (pns) on the leukocyte adhesion and the expression of adhesion molecules in rat mesentery venules. male sprague-dawley rats were anesthetized with urethane. these were divided into control, lps (perfused with lipopolysaccharide), and pns group (perfused with pns). the mesenteric microcirculation was observed und ... | 2006 | 16543624 |
| chemical characteristics for different parts of panax notoginseng using pressurized liquid extraction and hplc-elsd. | the chemical characteristics for different parts of panax notoginseng, including root, fibre root, rhizome, stem, leaf, flower and seed, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection (hplc-elsd) and pressurized liquid extraction (ple). eight major saponins, namely notoginsenoside r1, ginsenosides rg1, re, rb1, rc, rb2, rb3 and rd were also quantitatively compared among the different parts of p. notoginseng. the chromatograms showed that there ... | 2006 | 16522361 |
| attenuating effect of myakuryu on mesenteric microcirculatory disorders induced by ischemia and reperfusion. | myakuryu (mr) is a newly developed herbal medicine composing crataegue oinnatifida bge (cob), panax notoginseng (pn) and ginkyo biloba (gb). to examine the effectiveness of mr, we investigated its effects on rat mesenteric microcirculatory injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion (i/r). the mesenteric microcirculation of ileocecal portion of a male wistar rat was observed through an inverted-type intravital microscope assisted with a charge-coupled devise (ccd) camera. mesenteric i/r was conducted ... | 2006 | 16543630 |
| [protective effects of saponines of stem and leaf of panax notoginseng on acute myocardial ischemia in anaesthetic dogs]. | to study the protective effects of saponines of stem and leaf of panax notoginseng (pnssl) on acute myocardial ischemia in anaesthetic dogs. | 2006 | 16548173 |
| solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of saponins in a chinese patent medicine of formulated salvia miltiorrhizae and panax notoginseng. | in this paper, a method using solid-phase extraction (spe) and hplc/esi-ms(n) for the identification of the major saponins in "danshen dripping pill", a chinese patent medicine consisting of salvia miltiorrhizae and panax notoginseng, is described. through solid-phase extraction process, the saponins in "danshen dripping pill" were separated from the phenolic constituents of s. miltiorrhizae and, meanwhile, efficiently concentrated. subsequently, these saponins were characterized by hplc/esi-ms( ... | 2006 | 16111853 |
| [effects of ethanol extracts of panax notoginseng on liver metastasis of b16 melanoma grafted in mice]. | to observe the effects of ethanol extracts of panax notoginseng on the tumor and the liver metastasis in experimental mice grafted with b16 melanoma. | 2006 | 16965745 |
| immunoactive polysaccharide-rich fractions from panax notoginseng. | panax notoginseng is a commonly used medicinal plant in south-western china. in a previous study, a sequential solubilisation of p. notoginseng high-molecular-weight (hmw) polymers using phenol-acetic acid-water, hot water, weak and strong alkali was performed to determine the structure of the component polysaccharides and proteins. the effects of these extracted hmw fractions on the human complement system, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) are re ... | 2006 | 16981127 |
| structure and biological activity of protopanaxatriol-type saponins from the roots of panax notoginseng. | the further purification of the total saponins from the roots of panax notoginseng by using ordinary and reversed-phase silica-gel, as well as sephadex lh-20 chromatography afford seven adjuvant active protopanaxatriol-type saponins (pts), ginsenosides-rh1 (rh1),-rh4 (rh4),-rg1 (rg1),-re (re), notoginsenosides-r1 (r1),-r2 (r2),-u (u). these saponins were evaluated for their haemolytic activities and adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of icr mice against ovalbumin (o ... | 2006 | 16332509 |
| ginsenoside-rd from panax notoginseng blocks ca2+ influx through receptor- and store-operated ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. | previously, it was found that total saponins from panax notoginseng inhibited ca2+ influx coupling to activation of alpha1-adrenoceptor. this study was designed to investigate the effects of ginsenoside-rd from total saponins of panax notoginseng on receptor-operated (rocc) and store-operated (socc) ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells using fura-2 fluorescence, whole cell patch clamp ion channel recording, radio-ligand-receptor binding, 45ca2+ radio-trace and organ bath techniques. it ... | 2006 | 16973156 |
| oral absorption of ginsenoside rb1 using in vitro and in vivo models. | this research attempts to clarify the cause for poor oral absorption of ginsenoside rb1 (rb1), one main ingredient of the well known panax notoginseng saponins (pns) for curing hemorrhage. caco-2 cell monolayers were used as an in vitro model to reveal the transport mechanism of rb1 across the intestinal mucosa. moreover, the serum concentration-time profiles of rb1 after tail venous (iv), portal venous (pv), intraduodenal (id) and peroral (po) administration to rats were compared to evaluate th ... | 2006 | 16557452 |
| notoginsenoside r1 inhibits tnf-alpha-induced fibronectin production in smooth muscle cells via the ros/erk pathway. | the matrix fibronectin protein plays an important role in vascular remodeling. notoginsenoside r1 is the main ingredient with cardiovascular activity in panax notoginseng; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. we report that notoginsenoside r1 significantly decreased tnf-alpha-induced activation of fibronectin mrna, protein levels, and secretion in human arterial smooth muscle cells (hasmcs) in a dose-dependent manner. notoginsenoside r1 scavenged hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in a ... | 2006 | 16632126 |
| simultaneous determination of nine saponins from panax notoginseng using hplc and pressurized liquid extraction. | a hplc and pressurized liquid extraction (ple) method was developed for simultaneous determination of nine saponins, including notoginsenoside r1, ginsenoside rg1, re, rf, rb1, rc, rb2, rb3 and rd in panax notoginseng. the analysis was performed on c18 column with water-acetonitrile gradient elution and the investigated saponins were authenticated by comparing retention time and mass spectra with their reference compounds. several methods including ple, ultrasonication, soxhlet extraction and im ... | 2006 | 16316736 |
| [adventitious root induction and in vitro culture of panax notoginseng]. | to investigate the induction and culture of adventitious root of panax notoginseng. | 2006 | 17144461 |
| a rapid hplc-esi-ms/ms for qualitative and quantitative analysis of saponins in "xuesetong" injection. | 'xuesetong' injection, one of the most widely used proprietary medicines in traditional chinese medicine, consists of total saponins made from panax notoginseng, which is a highly valued and important chinese medicinal herb. it is used to treat cardiovascular diseases. in order to control the quality of xuesetong injection, a rapid hplc-esi-ms/ms method was developed for qualitative and quantitative determination of the saponins. the analyses were performed on sb-c18 column using gradient elutio ... | 2006 | 16343839 |
| haemolytic activity and adjuvant effect of notoginsenoside k from the roots of panax notoginseng. | notoginsenoside k (1), a saponin isolated from the roots of panax notoginseng (burk.) f. h. chen, was evaluated for its haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin (ova) in mice. compound 1 showed a slight haemolytic effect, its concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (hd50 value) being 318+/-13 microg/ml, on a 0.5% suspension of red blood cells. compound 1 significantly increased the concanavalin a (con a)-, lipopolysaccharide ... | 2006 | 17193229 |
| compound salvia pellet, a traditional chinese medicine, for the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris compared with nitrates: a meta-analysis. | compound salvia pellet (csp), consisting of active herbal ingredients extracted from danshen (salvia miltiorrhiza), sanqi (panax notoginseng), and borneol (cinnamomum camphora), is taken most frequently by patients with angina pectoris in china. to determine the efficacy and safety of csp for the treatment of stable angina pectoris (sap), a meta-analysis was undertaken. | 2006 | 16369479 |
| panax notoginseng attenuates lps-induced pro-inflammatory mediators in raw264.7 cells. | herbals or dietary supplements are not regulated as drugs by the united states food and drug administration (usfda) although many may have associated therapeutic effects and toxicities. therefore, the immunomodulatory effects of the herbal extract panax notoginseng on cultured macrophages (raw264.7 cells) were investigated to address potential therapeutic or toxic effects. cells were stimulated with lps (1 microg/ml) and treated with notoginseng at 5, 25 and 50 microg/ml. notoginseng inhibited t ... | 2006 | 16427227 |
| difference in oral absorption of ginsenoside rg1 between in vitro and in vivo models. | to clarify the cause of poor oral absorption of ginsenoside rg1 (rg1), the active ingredient in panax notoginseng saponins (pns) used for treating hemorrhage. | 2006 | 16539852 |
| extraction of 20(s)-ginsenoside rg2 from cultured panax notoginseng cells in vitro stimulates human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell proliferation. | from the cultured cells of panax notoginseng, a kind of ginseng saponin-ginsenoside rg2, was separated and purified, and its structure was elucidated as 6-o-[alpha-l-rhamnose (l-->2)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]3beta, 12beta, 20(s)-trihydroxydammar-24-ene [20(s)-ginsenoside rg2]. moreover, its bioactivity stimulates human umbilical cord vein endothelial cell proliferation; the growth of the cells treated with 20(s)-ginsenoside rg2 was 14-fold higher than that of untreated ones, and the level of the ce ... | 2006 | 16772761 |
| [inhibitory effect of panax notoginseng on the vsmc proliferation induced by hyperlipidemia serum]. | to investigate the effect of p. notoginseng on vascular smooth muscle cell (vsmc) proliferation induced by hyperlipidemia serum. | 2006 | 16780166 |
| mechanism of altered tnf-alpha expression by macrophage and the modulatory effect of panax notoginseng saponins in scald mice. | to explore the mechanism of altered tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) expression by peritoneal macrophages (pmphi) and panax notoginseng saponins (pns) modulation in light of nf-kappab signal transduction in severely scalded mice. | 2006 | 16814471 |
| detection of genetic homogeneity of panax notoginseng cultivars by sequencing nuclear 18s rrna and plastid matk genes. | the nuclear 18s rrna and chloroplast matk genes of 18 samples of panax notoginseng and its processed material sanqi (radix notoginseng) were analyzed. the two genes, regardless of cultivar origin, were found to be identical to genotype r1 and m1, respectively, of the published sequences (genbank accession no. d85171 and ab027526). this phenomenon implies that the species is highly conserved, which is probably caused by the use of the same strain in cultivation and the lack of active mutation in ... | 2006 | 16881018 |
| utilization study of stems and leaves of tienchi ginseng. i. anti-hypertensive effect of stems and leaves of tienchi ginseng on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (shrsp). | tienchi ginseng tea was prepared from stems and leaves of tienchi ginseng which is a special product in china. the increase in systolic blood pressure (sbp) was significantly inhibited by the consumption of a 4% this tea solution as drinking water from the prehypertensive stage (6 weeks of age) in male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrsp). a similar intake from the hypertensive stage also showed an anti-hypertensive effect. in contrast, a similar intake had no effect on sbp of no ... | 2006 | 17031036 |
| simultaneous determination of 11 saponins in panax notoginseng using hplc-elsd and pressurized liquid extraction. | a new hplc coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (elsd) method was developed for simultaneous determination of 11 major triterpene saponins, namely notoginsenoside r1 (1), ginsenosides rg1 (2), re (3), rf(4), rb1 (5), rg2 (6), rc (7), rb2 (8), rb3 (9), rd (10), and rg3 (11) in panax notoginseng, a commonly used traditional chinese medicine (tcm). pressurized liquid extraction (ple) was employed for sample preparation, and the analysis was achieved using a zorbax ods c18 column elut ... | 2006 | 17069249 |
| efficient induction of ginsenoside biosynthesis and alteration of ginsenoside heterogeneity in cell cultures of panax notoginseng by using chemically synthesized 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate. | chemically synthesized 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (heja) was for the first time employed to induce the ginsenoside biosynthesis and to manipulate the product heterogeneity in plant cell cultures. the dose response and timing of heja elicitation were investigated in cell suspension cultures of panax notoginseng. the optimal concentration and timing of heja addition for both cell growth and ginsenoside accumulation was identified to be 200 microm added on day 4. it was interestingly found that heja ... | 2006 | 16041570 |
| high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the active saponins from panax notoginseng in rat tissues. | a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method was used to determine the ginsenosides rg1, rb1 and rd of panax notoginseng in rat tissues (kidney, liver, heart, spleen and lung) after the administration of total saponins of p. notoginseng. the tissue samples were treated with solid-phase extraction prior to hplc. the calibration curves for the three saponins were linear in the given concentration ranges. the intra-day and inter-day assay coefficients in tissues were between 76 and 120% respectiv ... | 2006 | 16138297 |
| pharmacological activity of sanchi ginseng (panax notoginseng). | the pharmacological activity and constituents of the sanchi ginseng panax notoginseng have been reviewed. the bulk of pharmacological findings have been based on the saponins or steryl glycosides, although polysaccharides with immunopotentiating activity, proteins with antifungal, ribonuclease and xylanase activity, and a triacylglycerol (trilinolein) with antioxidant activity have been reported. protective actions against cerebral ischaemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and ... | 2006 | 16872547 |
| panaxynol induces neurite outgrowth in pc12d cells via camp- and map kinase-dependent mechanisms. | panaxynol, a polyacetylene ((3r)-heptadeca-1,9-diene-4,6-diyn-3-ol; syn. falcarinol), was isolated from the lipophilic fractions of panax notoginseng, a chinese traditional medicinal plant. in the present study, we reported the neurotrophic effects of panaxynol on pc12d cells and mechanism involved in neurite outgrowth of the cells. panaxynol could morphologically promote neurite outgrowth in pc12d cells, concentration-dependently reduce cell division and up-regulate molecular marker (map1b) exp ... | 2006 | 16219303 |
| separation and on-line concentration of saponins from panax notoginseng by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | a simple, reproducible and sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc) method was developed for the separation and determination of 10 saponins from panax notoginseng. field-enhanced sample injection with reverse migrating micelles (fesi-rmm) was used for on-line concentration of the saponins. the effects of concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) and organic modifier, the sample matrix, the injection time of water plug, the injection voltage and injection time of sample on th ... | 2006 | 16469324 |
| simultaneous determination of seven active components of fufang danshen tablet by high performance liquid chromatography. | a high-performance liquid chromatography method was established for simultaneously determining seven major components, i.e. protocatechuic aldehyde, notoginsenoside r(1), ginsenoside rg(1), salvianolic acid b, ginsenoside rb(1), cryptotanshinone and tanshinone iia in fufang danshen tablet, a commonly used traditional chinese medicinal combined prescription mainly derived from the roots of salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng. these seven compounds, belonging to the chemical types of phenoli ... | 2007 | 17120299 |
| effects of aqueous extracts of aconitum carmichaeli, rhizoma bolbostemmatis, phytolacca acinosa, panax notoginseng and gekko swinhonis gūenther on bel-7402 cells. | to investigate the anticancer activity of a chinese medical mixture, wrcp (warming and relieving cold phlegm), on hepatocarcinoma bel-7402 cells. | 2007 | 17569146 |
| ginsenoside rd elicits th1 and th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. | ginsenoside rd (rd), a saponin isolated from the roots of panax notoginseng, was evaluated for inducing th1 or th2 immune responses in mice against ovalbumin (ova). icr mice were immunized subcutaneously with ova 100 microg alone or with ova 100 microg dissolved in saline containing alum (200 microg), or rd (10, 25 or 50 microg) on days 1 and 15. two weeks later (day 28), concanavalin a (con a)-, lipopolysaccharide (lps)- and ova-stimulated splenocyte proliferation was determined using mtt assay ... | 2007 | 16950547 |
| notoginseng enhances anti-cancer effect of 5-fluorouracil on human colorectal cancer cells. | panax notoginseng is a commonly used chinese herb. although a few studies have found that notoginseng shows anti-tumor effects, the effect of this herb on colorectal cancer cells has not been investigated. 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) is a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer that interferes with the growth of cancer cells. however, this compound has serious side effects at high doses. in this study, using hct-116 human colorectal cancer cell line, we investigated the possible ... | 2007 | 17009031 |
| analysis of dencichine in panax notoginseng by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with ethyl chloroformate derivatization. | dencichine (beta-n-oxalyl-l-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) is a haemostatic agent present in well-known traditional chinese medicinal herbs such as panax notoginseng, as well as other panax species. it is also a reported neurotoxic agent found in lathyrus sativus (grass pea seed) and cycad seeds. a method was developed for quantitative determination of the non-protein amino acid, dencichine, in plant samples of p. notoginseng and the adventitious roots directly from the explants of p. notogin ... | 2007 | 17029672 |
| [effect of panax notoginseng saponins on serum neuronal specific enolase and rehabilitation in patients with cerebral hemorrhage]. | to observe the effect of panax notoginseng saponins (pns) on serum content of neuronal specific enolase (nse) and function recovery in patients with cerebral hemorrhage (ch) for exploring the therapeutic action of pns in treating ch. | 2007 | 17343007 |
| immunological adjuvant effect of ginsenoside rh4 from the roots of panax notoginseng on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin in mice. | ginsenoside rh(4) (1), a saponin isolated from the roots of panax notoginseng (burk.) f. h. chen, was evaluated for its haemolytic activity and adjuvant potential on specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin (ova) in mice. compound 1 showed a slight haemolytic effect, its concentration inducing 50% of the maximum haemolysis (hd(50) value) being 407+/-12 microg/ml using a 0.5% suspension of red blood cells. compound 1 significantly increased the concanavalin a (con a)-, lipopolysacchar ... | 2007 | 17311234 |
| induction of apoptosis in rat c6 glioma cells by panaxydol. | panaxydol is a naturally occurring non-peptidyl small molecule isolated from the lipophilic fractions of panax notoginseng, a well-known chinese traditional medicine. previous studies have shown that panaxydol inhibited the growth of various kinds of malignant cell lines. to date, there has been no report concerning the effect of panaxydol on cell growth inhibition in glioma cells. in this paper, we examined panaxydol's antiproliferation and proapoptotic effects on rat c6 glioma cells and invest ... | 2007 | 17320424 |
| isolation, structural determination, and evaluation of the biological activity of 20(s)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol [20(s)-25-och3-ppd], a novel natural product from panax notoginseng. | ginseng has been used extensively for medicinal purposes, with suggested utility for indications as diverse as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. herein we report the discovery and characterization of 20(s)-25-och3-ppd, a ginsenoside that inhibits growth and survival of cancer cells. the novel dammarane triterpene sapogenin (c31h56o4; molecular weight 492) was isolated from the total hydrolyzed saponins extracted from the leaves of panax notoginseng using conventional and reverse-phase ... | 2007 | 17266624 |
| ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry based metabolomics of raw and steamed panax notoginseng. | at present, metabolite profiling is of growing importance in herbal medicine fields such as breeding, formulation, quality control and clinical trials. this preliminary study indicated that ultra-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (uplc/tofms)-based metabolomics allows direct detection of down-stream derivatives of metabolites, arising from the herbal formulation process. this analytical approach allows the discrimination and tentative authentication of unique bio ... | 2007 | 17238214 |
| chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins studied by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | the chromatographic behaviour of steroidal saponins found in anemarrhena asphodeloides, asparagus officinalis, convallaria majalis, digitalis purpurea and ruscus aculeatus was studied by hplc-ms using a c-18 reversed-phase column and aqueous acetonitrile or aqueous methanol mobile phase gradients, with or without the addition of 1% acetic acid. the behaviour was compared to that of triterpene saponins found in aesculus hippocastanum, centella asiatica, panax notoginseng and potentilla tormentill ... | 2007 | 17391684 |
| panaxadiol glycosides that induce neuronal differentiation in neurosphere stem cells. | bioassay-guided fractionation, combined with screening based on egf-responsive neural stem cells (nscs) differentiation assay, has been used to search for active molecules from panax notoginseng. ginsenosides rg3 (1), rk1 (2), and rg5 (3) were identified as potential neurogenic molecules. the degrees of their neurogenic effects were found to be 3 > 2 > 1. the neurogenic effect of 3 represents a biphasic dose- and time-dependent regulation. transient exposure of nscs to 8 microm 3 for 24 h follow ... | 2007 | 17663584 |
| inhibitory effect of panax notoginseng on nitric oxide synthase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and neutrophil functions. | a water extract of panax notoginseng buck f.h. chen. (arialiaceae) root (pn) is being used as a therapeutic agent to stop haemorrhages and as a tonic to promote health in korean and chinese medicine. the pharmacokinetic profiles of pn have not been accurately investigated. the preliminary aim was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic features of pn. first, the prevention of neutrophil functions was assessed. pn inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation and leukotr ... | 2007 | 17128437 |
| improved quality control method for fufang danshen preparations through simultaneous determination of phenolic acids, saponins and diterpenoid quinones by hplc coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors. | a herb-combined prescription, mainly derived from roots of salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng, has been widely used for improving coronary or cerebral circulation in china as well as in western countries. multiple commercially available preparations, known as fufang danshen preparations (fdps), produced by various manufacturers with the raw materials from different sources, pose a serious challenge to the quality control of this herb medicine. previous pharmacological studies identify thr ... | 2007 | 17720349 |
| analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional chinese medicinal combined prescription containing radix salvia miltiorrhiza and radix panax notoginseng by lc-esi-ms methods. | high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms) methods were developed for the analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional chinese medicinal combined prescription containing radix salvia miltiorrhiza and radix panax notoginseng (commonly known as fufang danshen prescription, fdp). the hplc experiments used a reversed-phase zorbax c(18) column with the column temperature at 30 degrees c and a binary mobile phase system consisting of aq ... | 2007 | 17428004 |
| [effect of total panax notoginseng saponins on inducing differentiation of mononuclear cells in human cord blood into endothelial cells]. | to investigate the effect of total panax notoginseng saponins (tpns) to induce the differentiation of mononuclear cells (mnc) in cord blood into endothelial cells, the dmem culture media containing tpns were used to induce the mnc of cord blood. then, the morphology of the adherent cells was observed by the light microscopy and the fluorescence microscopy, the changes of cell surface markers (uea-1), function marker (vwf) and cd31 were detected by flow cytometry. the results showed that the numb ... | 2007 | 17490549 |
| [effects of panax notoginseng saponins on mrna expressions of interleukin-1 beta, its correlative factors and cysteinyl-aspartate specific protease after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats]. | to investigate the effects of panax notoginseng saponins (pns) on mrna expressions of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), interleukin-1 receptor type i (il-1ri), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), cysteinyl-aspartate specific protease-1 (caspase-1), caspase-3 and caspase-8 after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. | 2007 | 17498496 |
| a rapid method for the simultaneous determination of 11 saponins in panax notoginseng using ultra performance liquid chromatography. | a rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photo diode array detection method (uplc-pda) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 11 saponins, namely notoginsenoside r1, ginsenoside rg1, re, rf, rb1, rg2, rc, rb2, rb3, rd and rg3 in panax notoginseng. the analysis was performed on acquity uplc system with acquity uplc beh c(18) column and gradient elution of water and acetonitrile in 12 min. the high correlation coefficient (r(2)>0.9968) values indicated good correla ... | 2007 | 17499471 |
| [in vitro studies on asexual embryos and regenerated plantlets obtained from leaf organ of panax notoginseng]. | to study and improve the tissue culture technology of panax notoginseng. | 2007 | 17552149 |
| [effects of panax notoginseng saponins on long-term potentiation in the ca1 region of the rat hippocampus]. | panax notoginseng saponins (pns) are very important extracts from roots of medicinal herb sanchi ginseng which is highly regarded in china for its therapeutic ability to meliorate blood-circulation, anti-anoxia, improve memory, and anti-caducity effects. in this study, we used blind whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings to detect the effects of pns on long-term potentiation (ltp) in the ca1 region of the hippocampus, and investigated the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying potentiating effe ... | 2007 | 18300467 |
| preparation of the traditional chinese medicine compound recipe shuxiong sustained-release capsules by multiparticulate time-controlled explosion technology. | in this study the traditional chinese medicine compound recipe (tcmcr) shuxiong sustained-release capsules (sxsrc) were prepared by multiparticulate time-controlled explosion technology. first, shuxiong pellets were prepared with the refined medicinal materials containing in the recipe of shuxiong tablets. then, the pellets were coated sequentially with an inner swelling layer containing low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose as the swelling agent and an outer rupturable layer of ethylcellulose. ... | 2007 | 17557747 |
| [effect compound decoction on notoginsenosides in panax notoginseng]. | to explore the effect of compound decoction on notoginsenosides in panax notoginseng. | 2007 | 17655142 |
| [study on protective effects of panax notoginseng saponins on doxorubicin-induced myocardial damage]. | to study the effects of panax notoginseng saponins (pns) on acute doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in mice and the anti-tumor efficiency of doxorubicin. | 2007 | 18338604 |
| protective effects of ginsenoside rb1, ginsenoside rg1, and notoginsenoside r1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced microcirculatory disturbance in rat mesentery. | ginsenoside rb1 (rb1), ginsenoside rg1 (rg1), and notoginsenoside r1 (r1) are major active components of panax notoginseng, a chinese herb that is widely used in traditional chinese medicine to enhance blood circulation and dissipate blood stasis. to evaluate the effect of these saponins on microcirculatory disturbance induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps), vascular hemodynamics in rat mesentery was observed continuously during their administration using an inverted microscope and a high speed vid ... | 2007 | 17655881 |
| [integrated treatment of traditional chinese medicine and western medicine for early- and intermediate-stage diabetic nephropathy]. | to study the therapeutic effect of traditional chinese herbal medicinal preparation tangshenqing (tsq) combined with alprostadil in the treatment of early- and intermediate-stage diabetic nephropathy (dn). | 2007 | 17666348 |
| hypolipidemic effects and mechanisms of panax notoginseng on lipid profile in hyperlipidemic rats. | maintenance of normal lipid levels has implicated the involvement of genes induced by liver x receptor alpha (lxralpha) and farnesoid x receptor (fxr). this study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of n-butanol extract (ne3) of panax notoginseng (burk.) f.h. chen root on lipid homeostasis and investigate the possible mechanisms in animal experiments. in the transactivation assays, ne3 was identified as a dual fxr/lxralpha agonist. subsequently, sprague-dawley male rats on a high- ... | 2007 | 17681443 |
| effect of qi-protecting powder (huqi san) on expression of c-jun, c-fos and c-myc in diethylnitrosamine-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. | to study the inhibitory effect of huqi san (qi-protecting powder) on rat prehepatocarcinoma induced by diethylinitrosamine (den) by analyzing the mutational activation of c-fos proto-oncogene and over-expression of c-jun and c-myc oncogenes. | 2007 | 17696247 |
| [clinical study on effect of total panax notoginseng saponins on immune related inner environment imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis patients]. | to study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of total panax notoginseng saponins (pns) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), and to observe its safety and influence on ra immune related inner environment. | 2007 | 17717913 |
| [screening of panax notoginsenoside water in oil microemulsion formulations and their evaluation in vitro and in vivo]. | water in oil (w/o) microemulsion formulation was developed to enhance intestinal absorption of ginsenoside rb1 (rb1) of panax notoginseng (pns). effects of w/o microemulsions on pharmacokinetics after intraduodenal administration, membrane fluidity and membrane transport of rb, were studied in rats, liposomes and parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (pampa), respectively. soybean phospholipids/ethanol (sp/etoh) was selected as surfactant/cosurfactant, together with pns 400 mg x ml(-1) ... | 2007 | 17882965 |
| chemopreventive effects of panax notoginseng and its major constituents on sw480 human colorectal cancer cells. | in this study, we evaluated the effects of panax notoginseng root extract (ngre) and its major constituents on sw480 human colorectal cancer cells. we used high performance liquid chromatography to determine the contents of major saponins in ngre. the anti-proliferative effects were evaluated by the cell counting method, and concentration-related anti-proliferative effects were observed. at 1.0 mg/ml, ngre inhibited cell growth by 85.8% (p<0.01), probably linked to the higher concentration of gi ... | 2007 | 17912442 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of bt-201, an n-butanol extract of panax notoginseng, observed in vitro and in a collagen-induced arthritis model. | although there has been some success with protein-based anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) therapeutics, the problems associated with protein-based drugs demand alternative approaches. we screened various herbal extracts for their ability to inhibit tnf-alpha secretions and found that bt-201, an n-butanol extract of panax notoginseng (burk.) f. h. chen (p. notoginseng) has such an ability. | 2007 | 17933436 |
| [comparison between the characteristics of absorption and pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenoside rg1 and ginsenoside rb, of panax notoginseng saponins]. | to compare the characteristics of absorption and pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenoside rg1 (rg1) with ginsenoside rb1 (rb1) of panax notoginseng saponins (pns), bile excretion of both rg1 and rb1 were studied after i.v. and i.g. of pns solution. plasma protein binding ratios were studied using equilibrium dialysis method, and referred to pharmacokinetic parameters. it shows that (61.48 +/- 18.30)% dose of rg1 and (3.94 +/- 1.49)% dose of rb1 were separately excreted into bile 10 hours after i. ... | 2007 | 17944233 |
| [effects of panax notoginseng on the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts in human hypertrophic scar in vitro]. | to observe the effects of panax notoginseng on the transdifferentiation of the cultured human fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar in vitro, and explore its anti-fibrosis mechanism. | 2007 | 18019057 |
| [determination of residual organic solvents in panax notoginseng extracts by capillary gas chromatography with headspace sampling]. | to develop a headspace gas chromatography method for the determination of residual organic solvents in panax notoginseng extracts. | 2007 | 18067235 |
| role of jasmonic acid in alteration of ginsenoside heterogeneity in elicited cell cultures of panax notoginseng. | the efficient manipulation of ginsenoside heterogeneity of panax notoginseng cells using a recently synthesized elicitor, 2-hydroxyethyl jasmonate (hej, at 200 microm), has been reported. in this work, the activities of two enzymes related to ginsenoside heterogeneity (distribution), protopanaxdiol 6-hydroxylase (p6h) and udpg-ginsenoside rd glucosyltransferase (ugrdgt), were examined in cell cultures of p. notoginseng elicited by hej. p6h and ugrdgt activities were increased by hej with corresp ... | 2007 | 18215640 |
| [prognosis and treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with total and severe all frequency hearing loss]. | to evaluate the treatment and prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (sshl) with total and severe all frequency hearing loss. | 2007 | 18229580 |
| [studies on chemical constituents from rhizomes of panax notoginseng]. | to study the chemical constituents from rhizomes of panax notoginseng. | 2007 | 18323204 |
| [optimization of biotransformation conditions of active component in panax notoginseng stalks and leaves by fusarium sacchari]. | by using fusarium sacchari, a rare microbial strain isolated and screened from planted ginseng soil, the active component notoginseng triterpenes in panax notoginseng stalks and leaves was biotransformed. taking three main anti-tumor components, i. e., 20 (s)-protopanoxadiol-20-o-beta-d-glucopyranose (compound k, c-k), 20-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6) -beta-d-glucopyranosyl-20 (s)-protopanaxadiol (compound mx, c-mx) and 20 (s)-protopanoxadiol-20-o-alpha-l-arabofuranose (1 --> 6)-beta-d-glucop ... | 2007 | 18333458 |
| protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase and its role in regulating the ginsenoside heterogeneity in panax notoginseng cells. | various structure-similar plant secondary metabolites like ginseng saponins (ginsenosides) possess different or even totally opposite biological activities. intentional manipulation of the ginsenoside heterogeneity in cellular biosynthesis is of great interest and significance [zhong and yue (2005); adv biochem eng biotechnol 100:53-88]. in this work, co-binding spectra of microsomes prepared from the suspended cells of panax notoginseng showed increases in absorption at 450 nm compared with the ... | 2008 | 18351680 |
| [inhibiting effects of denshensu, baicalin, astragalus and panax notoginseng saponins on hepatic fibrosis and their possible mechanisms]. | to study the anti-fibrotic effects of danshensu, baicalin, astragalus and panax notoginseng saponins (pns) and their possible mechanisms. | 2008 | 18364078 |
| screening of anti-platelet aggregation agents from panax notoginseng using human platelet extraction and hplc-dad-esi-ms/ms. | root of panax notoginseng (sanqi in chinese) is a highly valued and commonly used chinese medicine. it has been widely used for treatment of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. in this study, a method involving human platelet extraction and hplc-dad-esi-ms/ms was developed for screening potential anti-platelet aggregation agents in sanqi. five compounds which could interact with human platelets were found, and four were identified as adenosine, guanosine, ginsenoside rh1, and ginsenoside f1, ... | 2008 | 18381690 |
| identification of major constituents in the traditional chinese medicine "qi-shen-yi-qi" dropping pill by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | an hplc-dad-esi-ms(n) method was developed for simultaneous analysis of major chemical constituents in "qi-shen-yi-qi" dropping pill, a traditional chinese medicine (tcm) widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. the chromatographic separation was performed on an intertsil ods-3 c(18) column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), whilst water with 0.05% acetic acid and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase. on the basis of the characteristic uv absorption profile, the information of molecular wei ... | 2008 | 18387767 |
| 20(s)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol, a novel natural product for prostate cancer therapy: activity in vitro and in vivo and mechanisms of action. | we recently isolated 20(s)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3beta, 12beta, 20-triol (25-och3-ppd), a natural product from panax notoginseng, and demonstrated its cytotoxicity against a variety of cancer cells. here we report the effects of this compound in vitro and in vivo on human prostate cancer cells, lncap (androgen-dependent) and pc3 (androgen-independent), in comparison with three structurally related ginsenosides, ginsenoside rh2, ginsenoside rg3, and 20(s)-protopanaxadiol. of the four test compoun ... | 2008 | 18253123 |
| simultaneous determination of nucleobases, nucleosides and saponins in panax notoginseng using multiple columns high performance liquid chromatography. | a new multiple columns hplc method for simultaneous determination of 16 characteristic components, 5 nucleobases and nucleosides (uracil, cytidine, uridine, guanosine and adenosine), and 11 saponins (notoginsenoside r1, ginsenoside rg1, ginsenoside re, notoginsenoside r4, notoginsenoside fa, ginsenoside rb1, notoginsenoside r2, ginsenoside rg2, ginsenoside rh1, ginsenoside rd and notoginsenoside k), in the root of panax notoginseng, a valued traditional chinese medicinal herb, were developed. no ... | 2008 | 18995982 |
| protective effect of saponins from panax notoginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. | the dried rhizome of panax notoginseng is a traditional chinese herb extensively used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and other ailments. panax notoginseng saponins (pns) are known as the major pharmacologically active constituents. the purpose of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of pns against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and its possible influence on the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin. five groups of icr mice were treated with saline (control group) ... | 2008 | 18260050 |
| identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes involved in pharmacological activities of roots of panax notoginseng during plant growth. | panax notoginseng is a highly valued chinese medicinal herb. to understand the molecular mechanism of the much higher pharmacological activities of roots of 3-year-old plants over 1-year-old ones,two cdna libraries were constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) method. positive cdna clones from each of the two libraries were randomly selected for dot-blotting analysis. a total of 110 genes were highly expressed in 3-year-old roots and 80 genes in 1-year-old roots. of thes ... | 2008 | 18283465 |
| structural characterization and dpph radical scavenging activity of an arabinoglucogalactan from panax notoginseng root. | the structure of an antiradical arabinoglucogalactan ( 1) from panax notoginseng roots was determined. this polymeric carbohydrate was obtained through successive phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) extraction after cold-water pretreatment and purification by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. monosaccharide analysis, permethylation analysis, naio 4 and cro 3 oxidations, smith degradation, graded acid hydrolysis, and ir and nmr experiments indicated that 1 possesses a backbone of (1-->3)-link ... | 2008 | 18186611 |
| the use of lipid-based formulations to increase the oral bioavailability of panax notoginseng saponins following a single oral gavage to rats. | this article was intended to improve the absorption of ginsenoside rg1 and rb1 of panax notoginseng saponins (pns). | 2008 | 18214757 |
| simultaneous determination of saponins in flower buds of panax notoginseng using high performance liquid chromatography. | the flower buds of panax notoginseng have been commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, vertigo, tinnitus and acute faucitis in china. the amount of total saponins in the flower buds is higher than in any other parts of p. notoginseng. however, the compositions of flower buds have not been quantified clearly until now. a sensitive and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (hplc-uv) method was developed for the first time to simultaneously quantify eight active sapo ... | 2008 | 18004738 |
| interaction of salvianolic acids and notoginsengnosides in inhibition of adp-induced platelet aggregation. | salvia miltiorrhiza and panax notoginseng were both considered to be beneficial to cardiovascular diseases in traditional chinese medicine and often used in combination. to examine the possible interaction between them, the effects of the active fractions of these two herbs, salvianolic acids (sa) and notoginsengnosides (ng), on platelet aggregation were checked respectively or in combination in vitro and in vivo. both the platelet aggregation of platelet rich plasma (prp) and washed platelet af ... | 2008 | 18457363 |
| self-micelle formation and the incorporation of lipid in the formulation affect the intestinal absorption of panax notoginseng. | the purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of self-micelle formation and incorporation of lipid in the formulation on absorption of ginsenosides rg1 and rb1 from intestinal tract in rats. ginsenosides rg1 and rb1 were extracted from panax notoginseng saponins (pns). the critical micellar concentration (cmc) of pns in deionzied water was determined to be 0.339 mg/ml. at normal physiological ionic strengths, pns was salted out from the solution above the cmc. the particle size of the m ... | 2008 | 18502060 |
| [optimization for vacuum belt drying process of panax notoginseng extract]. | to optimize the conditions of the vacuum belt drying process (vbd) for drying panax notoginseng extract and compare with methods of vacuum freezing drying and spray drying. | 2008 | 18533492 |
| metabolite profiling of panax notoginseng using uplc-esi-ms. | the metabolite profiling of different parts of panax notoginseng was carried out using rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (uplc-esi-ms) and multivariate statistical analysis. principal component analysis (pca) of the uplc-esi-ms data showed a clear separation of compositions among the flower buds, roots and rhizomes of p. notoginseng. the saponins accounting for such variations were identified through the corresponding loadings weights and wer ... | 2008 | 18550132 |
| effects of extracts from panax notoginseng and panax ginseng fruit on vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration in vitro. | to study the effects of extracts from panax notoginseng (epn) and panax ginseng fruit (epgf) on the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) in vitro. | 2008 | 18568327 |
| panax notoginseng saponins attenuate atherosclerosis in rats by regulating the blood lipid profile and an anti-inflammatory action. | previous studies have reported on the anti-atherosclerotic effects of panax notoginseng saponins (pns). the aim of the present study was to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-atherosclerotic effects of pns and the inflammatory response. thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely a control group, a group, in which zymosan a was used to induce inflammation (zym group) and a pns-treated group. rats in the three groups were administered liquid paraffin (i.p.), ... | 2008 | 18637019 |
| ultrasound phonophoresis of panax notoginseng improves the strength of repairing ligament: a rat model. | this study examined the phonophoretic effect of a therapeutic ultrasound coupled with a panax notoginseng (pn) gel and compared it with a therapeutic ultrasound alone for medial collateral ligament repair in rats. twenty mature male sprague-dawley rats receiving surgical transection to the left medial collateral ligament (mcl) were divided randomly into three groups: ultrasound (us, n = 7), ultrasound with pn coupling gel (pnus, n = 7) and control (n = 6). the treatments started on day 3 after s ... | 2008 | 18692299 |
| proteomic analysis of differential protein expression in rat platelets treated with notoginsengnosides. | sanqi, the root of panax notoginseng, is a popularly used traditional chinese medicine with cardiovascular effects. notoginsengnosides (ng) isolated from sanqi could inhibit adp-induced platelet aggregation of rat washed platelets. to identify the possible target proteins of ng in platelets, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de)-based comparative proteomics was performed and proteins altered in expressional level after ng treatment were identified by maldi-tof ms/ms. treatment of 200 microg ... | 2008 | 18706795 |
| panax notoginseng burk attenuates impairment of learning and memory functions and increases ed1, bdnf and beta-secretase immunoreactive cells in chronic stage ischemia-reperfusion injured rats. | panax notoginseng burk (pn) has been reported to improve blood circulation, as well as learning and memory functions. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of pn on learning and memory functions in chronic cerebral infarct rats. a cerebral infarct animal model was established by blocking the blood flow of both common carotid arteries and right middle cerebral artery for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 4 weeks. pn (0.5 g/kg) was administered orally 3 days per week for ... | 2008 | 18711766 |
| botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of korean panax ginseng c a meyer. | korean panax ginseng c a meyer is mainly used to maintain the homeostasis of the body, and the pharmacological efficacy of korean ginseng identified by modern science includes improved brain function, pain-relieving effects, preventive effects against tumors as well as anti-tumor activity, enhanced immune system function, anti-diabetic effects, enhanced liver function, adjusted blood pressure, anti-fatigue and anti-stress effects, improved climacteric disorder and sexual functions, as well as an ... | 2008 | 18718180 |