Publications

purification of the restriction endonuclease pali.		1979	231393
[effect of aerobic and anaerobic germs on the healing of decubitus ulcers].	bacteriological examinations of decubitus ulcers were performed in 34 geriatric patients. a total of 179 wound swabs were analyzed for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. the decubitus ulcers were divided into three groups according to wound healing: group a with progressive worsening, group b, stationary, and group c with healing within 10 weeks. the aerobic bacteria isolated from the three groups were significantly different (p less than 0.0001). in group a pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 8 ...	1979	119316
o serotyping of providencia stuartii isolates collected from twelve hospitals.	a collection of 829 isolates of providencia stuartii, mostly from urological specimens of patients in 12 hospitals, were o serotyped. hospitals varied in serotype distribution, but most isolates (97%) fell into one or another of 14 o types of p. stuartii. one type (o63) was found in 10 hospitals, and six types (o4, o17, o25, o52, o55, o56) were found in 5 or more hospitals. these seven types were more common than others and included 753 (91%) of the isolates. only four isolates agglutinated in p ...	1979	429535
[characteristics of the antibiotic sensitivity of nitrofuran--resistant gram-negative bacteria of clinical origin].	494 persons with various purulent inflammatory diseases were examined. gram-negative nitrofuran resistant organisms isolated from the clinical material were found in 22.9 per cent of the cases. representatives of enterobacteriaceae, klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia (26.8 per cent), proteus-providencia (16.8 per cent) and e. coli-arizona-citrobacter (16.1 per cent) predominated. pseudomonas (32.1 per cent) and acinetobacter (5.3 per cent) predominated among the aerobic gram-negative bacteria. sen ...	1979	434799
[nosocomial infections with providencia stuartii (proteus inconstans) (author's transl)].	48% of all isolates of providencia stuartii obtained within a period of one year, originated from the urine of catheterised patients, whereas another 37% were found in the respiratory tract of patients with intubation. the incidence of providenica stuartii correlated with the period during which iatrogenic measures had been applied, as well as with a preceding course with antibiotics.	1979	467264
the sensitivity of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli to cefotaxime, other cephalosporins and aminoglycosides.	the sensitivities of 80 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli to cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefazolin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin were determined. amikacin was the most active amino-glycoside. however, the percentage sensitivity to cefotaxime of most of the species was higher than, or equal to any of the other antibiotics tested. cefotaxime was particulary active against providencia spp., serratia spp., klebsiella spp., and pseudomonas maltophilia, being 16 to ...	1979	478651
[results of the use of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sisomicin, in gram negative bacterial respiratory infections].	clinical efficacy of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, sisomicin, was evaluated in 14 patients with acute chest infections (12 cases with pneumonia and 2 with bronchitis). they were selected taking into account the isolation of sisomicin-sensitive gram-negative bacilli in a sputum specimen collected prior to therapy. local predisposing factors were present in 4 patients whereas general predisposing factors were present in 4 patients whereas general predisposing factors were recognizable in 9. kle ...	1979	492551
ly127935, a novel oxa-beta-lactam: an in vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics.	the in vitro activities of ly127935 (ly) were compared with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics. ly was highly active (minimal inhibitory concentration [mic] range 0.06 to 0.25 micrograms/ml) against the common enterobacteriaceae (including providencia stuartiia, enterobacter, and serrati marcescens), 8 to 16 times more active than cefoxitin, cefuroxime, or cefazolin, and from one-half to one-eighth as active as cefotaxime (hr756). the activity of ly against pseudomonas aeruginosa (with mics ...	1979	507788
a review of providencia bacteremia in a general hospital, with a comment on patterns of antimicrobial sensitivity and use.	six cases of providencia bacteremia occurring between 1969 and 1978 were reviewed. these cases represented 3% of the gram-negative bacteremias occurring at one hospital. all six cases of providencia bacteremia were secondary to urinary tract infection with p. stuartii, and in most the infection developed only shortly before the onset of bacteremia; in three cases the bacteremia developed immediately following manipulation of the urinary tract. patients with long-standing providencia infections d ...	1979	519613
o-serotyping providencia alcalifaciens.	the o-serotyping scheme for providencia was tested on providencia alcalifaciens isolates collected mostly from two hospitals. the specificites of the somatic (o) antigens of p. alcalifaciens were found to be different from those of providencia stuartii, and separation of the providencia typing scheme to allow separate typing of each species led to more efficient typing. all but 4 of 86 isolates were typable. eighteen serotypes occurred among 53 typable isolates obtained from a pediatric hospital ...	1979	521478
application of o-serotyping in a study of providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) isolated from human and nonhuman sources.	a somatic (o) antigen serotyping scheme for providencia rettgeri (proteus rettgeri) was modified to exclude o-type strains recently reclassified as urea-positive providencia stuartii and was extended to include new serotypes to provide for serotyping on the basis of 93 o-antigens. isolates from two hospitals, five public health laboratories, and nonhuman sources (polluted water and frogs) were serotyped. the 112 isolates collected from a large general hospital over a 99-month period were distrib ...	1979	521481
[antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. viii].	the antimicrobial activity of a series of fluoro derivatives of benzothiadiazine and sulfonamides was studied. the compounds tested can be grouped as: a) 3-alkylmercapto derivatives of 6-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (iii leads to vi); the 3-mercapto precursor (vii) and the related 3-picolinic salt (viii); b) 3-trifluoromethyl derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide and of its benzene substituted derivatives (ix leads to xvi); c) trifluoroacetylaminobenzenesulfonam ...	1979	527707
comparative in vitro activity of ly 127935 (6059-s), seven cephalosporins, three aminoglycosides, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin.	ly 127935 (6059-s), a new semi-synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic was tested simultaneously with 6 cephalosporins, 3 aminoglycosides, carbenicillin and ticarcillin against 398 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. many of the organisms were selected for study because of known resistance to one or more of the clinically available antibiotics tested. escherichia coli, klebsiella, serratia and providencia were susceptible to ly 127935. some resistant strains of enterobac ...	1979	528361
chlorhexidine resistance and the lipids of providencia stuartii.	the lipid composition of providencia stuartii has been shown to resemble closely that of proteus mirabilis. the ability of some pv, stuartii strains to survive exposure to high concentrations of the antiseptic chlorhexidine could not be explained in terms of differences in lipid content between sensitive and resistant strains. in addition, resistance could not be attributed to either reduced adsorption of the antiseptic or to its gross enzymic degradation.	1979	530092
in vitro activity of ly127935, a new 1-oxa cephalosporin, against aerobic gram-negative bacilli.	a total of 434 clinical aerobic gram-negative bacillary isolates were tested against ly127935, a new 1-oxa cephalosporin, and compared with other cephalosporins, penicillins, and aminoglycosides by a broth microdilution technique. cefotaxime (hr756), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, and ly127935 were more active, and showed lower minimum inhibitory concentrations (ranges, less than or equal to 0.12 to 2.0 micrograms/ml), than cefamandole, cefoxitin, and cefazolin against escherichia coli, kleb ...	1979	533267
[antimicrobial effect of derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-1,1-dioxide. vii].	series of alkyl derivatives of the following have been prepared: 5,7-dichloro- [compounds (ii leads to v)], 6-methyl- [compounds (vi leads to ix)] and 6-methoxy-3-mercapto-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide [compounds (x leads to xiii)]. the products were tested for antimicrobial activity. studies were also made of the corresponding 3-mercapto precursors (xiv, xv, xvi) and the relative 3-picolinium salts (xvii, xviii, xix) and also of the 3-picolinium salts of 6-chloro-, 7-chloro- and 6,7-dichlo ...	1979	553823
piperacillin (t-1220), a new semisynthetic penicillin. ii. in vitro antimicrobial activity and synergy comparison with carbenicillin and gentamicin.	piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was found to have potent antimicrobial activity against nearly all (405) tested bacterial species. piperacillin was consistently 4 approximately 16-fold more active than carbenicillin against the enterobacteriaceae, 16 approximately 32-fold against pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas species, and 16-fold against streptococcus faecalis. carbenicillin and piperacillin were equally effective against staphylococcus aureus, but inactivated by beta-lact ...	1979	761991
[proteeae enzymes that participate in the amino acid metabolism of food products].	biosynthesis of enzymes, catalyzing amino acid conversion in food products, and deposition of end products of protein metabolism is a current problem for hygiene-indicatory microorganisms. results are reported of a study of decarboxylase and aminotransferase activities of a large number of proteus strains. it was found that aminotransferases are produced by all members of this group of microorganisms, despite the specific differences in their quantitative characteristics. the composition of the ...	1979	379858
a five-hour system for identification of bacteria.	a five-hour protocol was compared with routine methods for identification and antibiotic susceptibility determination of bacteria from clinical specimens. a total of 9551 urine, wound, sputum, and throat cultures were processed using both procedures. the identifications reported less than 24 hours after the laboratory received the specimen were comparable to those obtained by routine methods for 87 to 95 percent of the enterobacteriaceae, 90 percent of the staphylococci and enterococci, but less ...	1979	382851
[the anodically moving thermolabile antigen (ata) of gram negative bacteria. protection of mice by immunization with ata (author's transl)].	mice are protected against lethal doses of salmonella typhi-murium by vaccination with ata extracted from providencia. no protective effect is observed when the s. typhi-murium strains are enterotoxigenic. thus protection is antibacterial, but not antitoxic.	1979	384750
comparative bactericidal effect of ceforanide (bl-s 786) and five other cephalosporins in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.	the bactericidal activity of ceforanide was compared, in an in vitro kinetic model, with that of five other cephalosproins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin. cultures of various pathogens in 95% human serum were incubated for 12 hours in the presence of the cephalosporins whose concentrations were modified periodically-by addition of a concentrated solution of drug or dilution with unmedicated serum-in order to simulate the variation of antibiotic concentration in h ...	1979	396292
[the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination 1st survey into its in vitro activity in brazzaville, congo results of 780 bacterial strains isolated at the national laboratory and the general hospital in a single year].	the combination of smz-tmp has recently been introduced in congo. this year (1978), it is very used by many physicians. to help the congolese physicians working without antibiogram frequently, we have tested 780 strains from august 1977 to august 78. the susceptibility of these strains was: for e. coli 90%, klebsiella 69,20%, staphylococcus 93% and for all strains studied gram + and gram - the percentage was 75,51. as many authors have showed, the strains of pseudomonas, streptococcus faecalis a ...	1979	400121
[interest of gamma-glutamyltransferase in "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)].	gamma-glutamyltransferase (gammagt) could be detected in 86,6% of 3,027 strains of enterobacteriaceae, by the use of gamma-l-glutamin-p-nitranilide acid for substrate. the following species produced gamma gt: citrobacter freundii, levinea malonatica, l. amalonatica, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, k. ozaenae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, e. gergoviae, hafnia alvei, erwinia carotovora, serratia ...	1980	6104464
comparative activities of the oxa-beta-lactam ly127935, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, cefamandole, and ticarcillin against multiply resistant gram-negative bacilli.	a total of 91 multiply resistant bacterial strains, including klebsiella pneumoniae (32 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 strains), and serratia marcescens (43 strains), were collected during hospital epidemics of nosocomial infection from 1975 to 1979. these strains were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. their susceptibility to three new broad-spectrum beta-lactams, ly127935 (a 1-oxa-beta-lactam), cefotaxime (hr 756), and cefoperazone (t 1551) ...	1980	6247970
in vitro activities of moxalactam and cefotaxime against aerobic gram-negative bacilli.	the in vitro activities of two new beta-lactam antibiotics, moxalactam disodium (ly 127935) and cefotaxime (hr-756), were compared with cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cephalothin, and, in some instances, carbenicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli. test isolates included normally cephalosporin-resistant members of the enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas spp. and a variety of nonfermentative or oxidase-positive bacteria. both moxalactam and cefotaxime demonst ...	1980	6250470
the occurrence of the trehalose fermenting, tetracycline and polymyxin resistant phenotype among the enterobacteriaceae.	in proteus morganii, p. mirabilis, and providencia stuartii the ability to ferment trehalose and resistance to tetracycline were associated in 90%-97% of the strains. the same was true of at least 78% of the strains of serratia marcescens. proteus vulgaris showed a more quantitative association of the two traits. as the characters occur independently in 3-10% of the strains, the association is considered to be due to simultaneous selection in some natural niche. the trehalose fermenting, tetracy ...	1980	6251697
comparative in vitro activities of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime (fk749): new cephalosporins with exceptional potency.	cefotaxime and its desacetoxymethyl derivative, ceftizoxime (previously known as fk749), are both extremely active against a wide spectrum of bacteria. in the present comparative study, the activity of ceftizoxime exceeded that of cefotaxime by a factor of four or more for strains of klebsiella, enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and bacteroides; the only species for which the activity of cefotaxime exceeded that of ceftizoxime by a factor of four was vibrio cholerae. against other species, th ...	1980	6252829
a comparison of dna cleavage by the restriction enzymes salpi and psti.	methods for obtaining highly active, exonuclease-free, stable preparations of the streptomyces albus p restriction enzyme salpi are described. salpi and its isoschizomer psti (from the taxonomically distant providencia stuartii 164) both cleave their recognition sequence (5'-ctgcag-3') to generate fragments terminating in tetranucleotide 3' extensions whose sequence is 5'-tgca-3'. bacteriophage r4g2 dna, protected against salpi cleavage by pregrowth on s. albus p, is also protected against psti ...	1980	6255438
in vitro studies of moxalactam (ly127935), a new beta-lactam antibiotic with significant activity against gram-negative bacteria.	moxalactam (ly127935) is a new beta-lactam antibiotic which is chemically related to the cephalosporins. the agent is highly active against the enterobacteriaceae, with most organisms sensitive to 0.1 mcg/ml or less. it is also active at low concentration against gentamicin-resistant strains of providencia and serratia. minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam for pseudomonas aeruginosa are approximately four-fold lower than those of carbenicillin for the same isolates. it is highly activ ...	1980	6447671
antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection.	a collection of 802 isolates of gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections was made from general practice, antenatal clinics, and local hospitals. the organisms were tested for their sensitivity to chlorhexidine, cetrimide, glutaraldehyde, phenyl mercuric nitrate, a phenolic formulation, and a proprietary antiseptic containing a mixture of picloxydine, octyl phenoxy polyethoxyethanol, and benzalkonium chloride. escherichia coli, the major species isolated, proved to be uniformly sen ...	1980	6769972
uk31214, a new aminoglycoside and derivative of kanamycin b.	the in vitro activity of uk31214, a kanamycin b derivative, was studied against 250 recent isolates and compared with other aminoglycosides. against the enterobacteriaceae (with the exception of proteus mirabilis and providencia stuartii) uk31214 and amikacin had similar degrees of activity (mode minimum inhibitory concentration [mic], 1 microgram/ml). proteus mirabilis and p. stuartii strains were four- to eight-fold more susceptible to amikacin than to uk31214. pseudomonas aeruginosa strains w ...	1980	6775590
[evaluation of the antibacterial activity in vitro of various cephalosporins on different gram-negative bacterial species of recent clinical isolation].	the authors have compared the antibacterial activity "in vitro" of new cephalosporines (cephuroxim, cephoxitin and cephaclor) with other cephalosporines having an action which is already known (cephaloridine, cephazoline and cephalexine) on the gram-negative bacterial strains of recent clinical isolation. the results show that the cephalosporines of last generation, having in their molecular nucleus a methoximinic group, realize a greater antibacterial protection than those cephalosporines of an ...	1980	6776969
genetic recombination between proteus mirabilis and providencia alcalifaciens.	chromosome transfer occurred in plate matings between proteus mirabilis strain pm5006 and providencia alcalifaciens strain p29 in either direction with the use of plasmid d or r772 as sex factor. auxotrophic chromosomal markers of recipients were converted to prototrophy and the galactose fermentation marker of donor pm5006 could also be selected. recombination frequencies for a group of selected markers in pm5006(d) x p29 matings varied between 3 x 10(-5) (trp+) and 1.2 x 10(-7) (lys+) per dono ...	1980	7012276
resistance factors: influence on netilmicin activity.	netilmicin is active against many but not all bacterial strains that have acquired resistance to aminoglycosides. generally, netilmicin is 1) active against strains that produce enzymes inhibiting aminoglycosides by phosphorylation or adenylation. some of these enzymes are widely distributed in aminoglycoside resistant strains, e.g. the adenylating enzyme ant(2") predominating in resistant klebsiella and common in resistant pseudomonas and serratia strains. netilmicin either lacks the hydroxyl g ...	1980	6937969
purification and some properties of beta-lactamases from proteus rettgeri and proteus inconstans.	two beta-lactamases were isolated from strains of proteus species and purified, one from a strain of p. rettgeri and the other from a strain of p. inconstans. each enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. molecular weights of p. rettgeri and p. inconstans enzymes were found to be 42,000 and 43,000, and their isoelectric points ph 8.7 and 8.6, respectively. the two enzymes presented typical cephalosporinase profiles. cefmetazole (cs-1170) and cefoxitin, ...	1980	6971391
infective endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria: a review of the literature, 1945-1977.		1980	6986059
gram-negative bacteremia. iii. reassessment of etiology, epidemiology and ecology in 612 patients.	evaluation of 612 episodes of gram-negative bacteremia over a 10-year period demonstrated its progressively increasing frequency. this increase was associated with an increasing proportion of patients with more severe underlying disease, increasing patient age, increasing frequency of cardiac surgery and manipulative procedures, and increasing frequency of treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids and antimetabolites in patients with bacteremia. fatality rates paralleled the severity of the ho ...	1980	6987870
cross-reactivity of major outer membrane proteins of enterobacteriaceae, studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.	outer membrane fractions were prepared from 11 bacteria in the family enterobacteriaceae: escherichia coli serotypes o1k-, o4k2, o26k60, o75k-, and o111k58, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiella pneumonia, serratia marcescens, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, and providencia stuartii. all strains studied were found to contain one non-peptidoglycan-bound, heat-modifiable outer membrane protein, and one or two peptidoglycan-associated major outer membrane proteins in the 27,000 ...	1980	6995435
evaluation of the four-hour micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative, gram-negative rods from blood cultures.	a 4-h micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures was compared to subculture and species identification of single colonies by api 20e and micro-id, using standardized inocula. a total of 127 patients (220 positive cultures) were studied. isolates included 96 escherichia coli, 46 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 klebsiella oxytoca, 8 enterobacter aerogenes, 17 enterobacter cloacae, 19 serratia marcescens, 2 serratia liquefaciens, 8 prot ...	1980	6999020
spurious hydrogen sulfide production by providencia and escherichia coli species.	hydrogen sulfide production was noted in two escherichia coli strands and one provaidenica alcalifaciens (proteus inconstans a) strain isolated from clinical stool specimens durin the summer of 1979. an investigation into this phenomenon revealed the predence of eubacterium lentum, an anaerobe, growing in synergism with the enterobacteriaceae and producing h2s. the implications of this association are discssed with reference to clinical microbiology laboratory practice.	1980	7000823
short-course aminoglycoside therapy in patients with spinal cord injury. standard dose versus low dose.	twenty-nine patients with spinal cord injury and asymptomatic urinary tract infection were treated with standard or reduced doses of tobramycin and amikacin. the patients received five days of intramuscular antibiotics. most of the patients in the tobramycin groups had pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and most of those in the amikacin group had either proteus rettgeri or providencia stuartii infections. only 1 patient had a positive urine antibody coating test. high antibiotic concentrations wer ...	1980	6763394
differences among providencia species in their in vitro susceptibilities to five antibiotics.	significant differences among the three providencia species (p. alcalifaciens, p. stuartii, and p. rettgeri) in antimicrobial susceptibilities to five antibiotics were shown. p. stuartii was the most resistant of the three species, and p. alcalifaciens was the most susceptible. p. rettgeri was similar to p. stuartii in susceptibilities to cefoxitin, cephalothin, and cefamandole but differed in showing greater susceptibilities to tobramycin and gentamicin. cefoxitin (16 micrograms/ml) and cefaman ...	1980	7235674
nosocomial multiply resistant providencia stuartii: a long-term outbreak with multiple biotypes and serotypes at one hospital.	a long-term outbreak of urinary tract-associated multiply resistant providencia stuartii occurred in a large medical facility that included a 513-bed chronic care unit. the unique characteristics of this outbreak were that from within a single medical facility, p. stuartii with multiple serotypes, biotypes, and antibiograms could be identified. the organisms isolated had five different biotypes, seven different antibiograms, and two major serotypes. all of the organisms were susceptible to amika ...	1980	7358840
[serotyping of bacteria of the genus providencia using the indirect hemagglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test].	the experiments with the collection of strains and diagnostic sera available in the ussr confirmed the data contained in the literature on the good prospects of using the indirect hemagglutination test for the serotyping of bacteria belonging to the genus providencia. certain differences were observed in cross reactions, revealed by the indirect hemagglutination test and by agglutination: the interrelations of serogroups o14 and o25, o23 and o25, o23 and o29, o29 and o45, o37 and o49, determined ...	1980	7415677
[enterobacteria of bats (chiroptera) (author's transl)].	the aerobic gram-negative faecal flora of 38 bats consisting of 10 species and genera respectively, of microchiroptera, and of 4 species and genera respectively, of megachiroptera was studied (table 1 and 3). there were no specific differences between insectivora and frugivora: e. coli 15-24%, citrobacter 8-10%, enterobacter-klebsiella-group 40-43% and proteus-group 28-30% (table 2). the overwhelming majority of the isolated bacteria were lactose-positive (table 3), corresponding to the membersh ...	1980	7424248
comparative antimicrobial activity of o-demethylfortimicin a, a derivative of fortimicin a.	the in vitro antimicrobial activity of o-demethylfortimicin a (odmf), a derivative of fortimicin a, was compared with those of fortimicin a and gentamicin against a spectrum of 256 organisms. all three antibiotics were active in low concentrations against all strains of enterobacteriaceae, acinetobacter sp., and staphylococcus aureus, with odmf most active against proteus mirabilis, indole-positive proteus, and providencia and gentamicin most active against other species. activity of each of the ...	1980	7447430
[epidemiological studies of increasing appearances of proteus inconstans (providencia stuartii) infections (author's transl)].	since proteus inconstans turns out to be the causative agent of an increasing amount of hospital infections, studies on this species are necessary. by means of bacteriocines, biochemical reactions and antibiograms 53 strains were subclassified. 47 strains displayed same biochemical properties, 44 strains showed the same antibiogram. by the method on the basis of bacteriocine typing 15 groups were established. the strains with the same biochemical properties and the same antibiograms could be fur ...	1980	7461700
[incidence and antibiotic-sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in the urinary infections (author's transl)].	urinary tract infections due to low-grade pathogenic gram-negative bacteria show an increasing prevalence. the frequency of isolation from urinary samples of some of these pathogens (alcaligenes, citrobacter, acinetobacter, providencia, serratia) was detected in a group of adult patients. the role of local and systemic predisposing factors was investigated. these bacterial agents accounted for 21% of 1,354 isolated strains. systemic predisposing factors were found in most patients. moreover, a h ...	1980	7244101
antibiotic resistance in providencia stuartii isolated in hospitals.	a total of 238 isolates of providencia stuartii obtained from infected patients in six dublin hospitals were grouped by using serological and bacteriocin typing methods and tested for sensitivity to a number of antimicrobial agents. most isolates were resistant to several of these agents. resistance to tetracycline, resistance to penicillin, resistance to polymyxin, and probably resistance to nitrofurantoin was intrinsic. plasmid screening coupled with resistance transfer studies showed that bot ...	1981	7251830
[errors in the bacteriologic diagnosis of dysentery and ways of eliminating them].	the study of 1023 strains, formerly identified as shigella, has revealed that 67 of these strains belong to escherichia, enterobacter, klebsiella, providencia, pseudomonas, flavobacterium. such errors are due to the insufficient use of biochemical tests in the process of identification. to improve shigella identification, after the evaluation of changes in olkenitsky's medium of trisaccharide agar the tests for urease activity, citrate and acetate assimilation, lysine decarboxylase, mobility at ...	1981	7269916
examination of major disagreements in susceptibility test results by autobac-1 and ms-2.	major disagreements between two automated susceptibility test instruments, autobac-1 and ms-2, generated from 4,213 tests on 630 bacterial isolates, were analyzed. the major disagreement rate between the instruments was only 7.4%. the highest major disagreement rates for bacteria were with staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococci, gram-positive bacilli, and providencia species, and those for antibiotics were with ampicillin and penicillin g. with most other bacteria and antibiotics, the instrumen ...	1981	7283410
patterns of oral bacterial infection in captive snakes.	the bacterial isolates from culture specimens of snakes with infectious stomatitis were compared with those from culture specimens of the oral cavity of healthy captive snakes. cloacal swab specimens were also taken from healthy snakes to compare their intestinal and oral bacterial populations. the healthy snakes had a predominantly gram-positive oral flora, with corynebacterium spp and coagulase-negative staphylococcus spp being the organisms isolated most frequently. the specimens from snakes ...	1981	7328007
renal pathology of catheterized baboons (papio cynocephalus).	renal disease was found at necropsy in 27 of 60 catheterized baboons (papio cynocephalus). primary diagnoses were infarcts in eight baboons, septic embolic nephritis in four, and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in 15. infarcts and septic embolic nephritis are multifocal renal diseases; mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis is diffuse, progressive and often accompanied by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia (less than 3 g/dl), and generalized edema. five of the 15 baboons with glomeru ...	1981	7344248
transferable urease activity in providencia stuartii.	six urea-positive providencia stuartii strains were tested for transmissible urease determinants. two strains, when implanted with "helper" conjugative plasmids, were found to be capable of transferring urease genes to escherichia coli or urea-negative p. stuartii. recombination of the urease genes with the helper plasmid in p. stuartii was noted in one case. one of the urea-positive p. staurtii strains was found to harbor a conjugative plasmid which mediated both urease activity and ampicillin ...	1981	7240389
an outbreak of providencia stuartii urinary tract infections. patients with condom catheters are a reservoir of the bacteria.	we investigated an outbreak of multiple antibiotic-resistant providencia stuartii urinary tract infections that occurred on a neurology ward. only patients who had been catheterized became infected. however, approximately 10% of patients with condom catheter urinary drainage systems were colonized, ie, p stuartii was present on their skin and in the urine drainage bags but not in fresh-voided urine. patient urinals were also contaminated. the outbreak was terminated by segregating infected and c ...	1981	7206165
antiseptic and antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infection in spinal cord injured patients.	fifty-seven isolates of gram-negative bacterial species from urinary tract infections in spinal cord injured patients were tested for their sensitivity to chlorhexidine, cetrimide, glutaraldehyde, phenyl mercuric nitrate (pmn), a phenolic disinfectant (hycolin) and a proprietary antiseptic containing a mixture of picloxydine, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol and benzalkonium chloride (resiguard). none of the isolates were resistant to glutaraldehyde, hycolin or pmn but a substantial percentage were ...	1981	7220061
three episodes of nosocomial urinary tract infections caused by one o-serotype of providencia stuartii.	the results of o-serotyping providencia stuartii isolates in a general hospital showed that 43 isolates were the same serotype (063) and were from 15 patients located in 1 or 2 adjacent wards. on retrospective examination it was found that the series of infections occurred during a 9-month period and could be separated into 3 episodes, involving 7, 6 and 2 patients. all patients who acquired the providencia stuartii 063 strain were catheterized. the introduction of the strain into the hospital w ...	1981	7230337
[utilization and fermentation of 2-ketogluconate by "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)].	two methods were compared: 1) the ability to use 2-ketogluconate (2-kg) as source of carbon and energy in defined medium, and 2) the ability to produce acid by fermentation of 2-kg (0.5 g/100 ml) in peptone water with phenol red. results of growth on, and acid production from, 2-kg were identical. a total of 990 strains was studied. no strain of escherichia coli, shigella (4 species), salmonella (4 sub-genera), yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, edwardsiella (2 species), proteus vulgaris, p ...	1981	7235456
evaluation of the repliscan system for enterobacteriaceae identification.	a total of 1,013 isolates of enterobacteriaceae were identified in parallel by the repliscan (cathra international, ontario, canada) and api 20e (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) systems. there was a 62% agreement at the genus level between the two systems. of the 38% discrepant results, repliscan classified 22% as "biochemical pattern not on file," 8% as a multiple-genus group which included the api 20e identification, and 8% as a genus other than that designated by api 20e. relative to the ...	1981	7007430
predictability of methenamine efficacy based on type of urinary pathogen and ph.	this study involved 27 geriatric patients with asymptomatic chronic bacteriuria; all had indwelling foley catheters. the treatment regimens (daily oral dosage) were: methenamine mandelate (mm) granules, 4 gm; mm, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm; and mm, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm, plus cranberry cocktail, 1 liter--administered according to a cross-over design. proteus vulgaris, pseudomonas aeruginosa and e. coli were the most common urinary organisms. proteus organisms were more often found i ...	1981	7014695
acquired cross resistance to aminoglycosides in gentamicin-sensitive and gentamicin-resistant strains of enterobacteria.	the development of non-specific resistance ot gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin was studied in 12 clinical isolates of enterobacteria with various patterns of aminoglycoside resistance. strains were characterised with respect to mic, transferability of resistance and possession of acetylating and adenylylating enzymes. an increase in aminoglycoside resistance was induced in 10 strains by a single exposure to the concentration of gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin immediately below the mic. suc ...	1981	7014903
enterotoxigenic bacteria in food and water from an ethiopian community.	food and water samples from an ethiopian community were screened for the presence of enterotoxin-producing bacteria. using the chinese hamster ovary cell assay, 40 of 213 isolates (18.8%) produced heat-labile (lt) enterotoxin. these lt-producing isolates comprised 33 of 177 (18.6%) strains from 24 of 68 food samples (35.3%) and 7 of 36 (19.4%) isolates of 4 of 17 water samples (23.5%). one lt-producing strain each of salmonella emek and of shigella dysenteriae was found. three pseudomonads, all ...	1981	7016032
selective medium for isolation of klebsiella pneumoniae.	selective media for klebsiella pneumoniae have been important in studies of hospital-acquired infections. on an agar medium which included ornithine, raffinose, and koser citrate, k. pneumoniae strains grew as yellow mucoid colonies at 24 h and there was some increase in colony size at 48 h. other members of enterobacteriaceae were inhibited or produced small pink colonies on this same medium. pseudomonas, providencia, acinetobacter, and proteus species did not grow or showed very poor growth. t ...	1981	7019238
[quantitative bacterial ecology of normal nasal mucosa].	a quantitative research into the aerobic bacteria of human nasal cavities has been carried out; 183 healthy individuals observed, negative results 18 (9.83%). streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria, were numerically determined and the incidence of each single species or genus exactly specified. among gram-negative bacteria, enterobacter, providencia, proteus, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, kl ...	1981	7034653
use of agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid to fingerprint gram-negative bacilli.	agarose gel electrophoresis of the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids from 60 gram-negative bacilli recovered during investigations of nosocomial epidemics was used to fingerprint the strains. this method was as specific at differentiating bacterial strains as more conventional phenotyping methods. in all cases, plasmid band fingerprints of epidermic strains isolates were identical whereas coisolate plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid patterns were different. agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid deoxyri ...	1981	6788798
[bacterial etiological factors in urinary tract infections in children].		1981	6795583
some observations on the activity of three antiseptics used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling catheters.	a comparison has been made of the activity of three antiseptics that are used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in catheterised patients. at the concentrations and exposure times used for bladder irrigation, phenoxyethanol (2:4% v/v) proved to be highly bactericidal against urine-grown cells of all the common urinary pathogens tested. chlorhexidine (200 microgram/ml) was active against escherichia coli and produced significant reductions in the viability of klebsie ...	1981	6796928
superior activity of n-formimidoyl thienamycin against gentamicin-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa.	n-formimidoyl thienamycin (n-f-thienamycin), cefotaxime, moxalactam, and cefsulodin were tested by agar dilution against 125 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, and providencia stuartii. against gentamicin-susceptible p. aeruginosa, n-f-thienamycin and cefsulodin were most active. only n-f-thienamycin inhibited gentamicin-resistant p. aeruginosa at less than or equal to 4 microgram/ml. n-f-thienamycin's activity equaled or surpassed that of the other a ...	1981	6798926
[investigation on the antimicrobial activity of cefoperazone (author's transl)].	cefoperazone has the usual antimicrobial spectrum of the cephalosporins, but the ratios of resistance to the various bacterial strains - even if they are problematic-are very low. it remains to be seen, however, whether a widespread use of the drug induces an increase in the number of resistant strains. an outstanding advantage of cefoperazone is its efficacy against pseudomonas aeruginosa; only one of 75 strains investigated was resistant. in the case of providencia, an important germ in the fi ...	1981	6456219
worldwide clinical experience with cefoperazone.	the safety and clinical efficacy of cefoperazone 1 to 2g 12-hourly was evaluated in clinical trials conducted in the united states, europe, south and latin america, and japan. 1046 patients were treated in 4 comparative and 9 non-comparative studies. an overall satisfactory clinical response for cefoperazone therapy was achieved in 540 (88%) of the 615 evaluable patients. cefoperazone was effective in 92% of lower respiratory tract infections, 81% of urinary tract infections, 98% of gynaecologic ...	1981	6456884
cloning and expression of the pst i restriction-modification system in escherichia coli.	here we report the cloning and preliminary characterization of the pst i restriction-modification system of providencia stuartii 164. transformants of escherichia coli carrying the pst i gene system inserted into the cloning vector pbr322 were selected on the basis of acquired resistance to bacteriophage lambda infection. pst i endonuclease was detected in osmotic shock fluid from each of the resistant clones. plasmid and chromosomal dna from these clones could not be digested by pst i, indicati ...	1981	6262807
hemagglutinins and fimbriae of providencia spp.	a series of 25 strains of providencia spp. produced at least five different patterns of hemagglutination as judged by results from hemagglutination tests in the presence and absence of d-mannose and at least six distinct types of fimbriae as seen from observations with the electron microscope.	1981	6111552
phage x: a plasmid-dependent, broad host range, filamentous bacterial virus.	phage x was isolated from sewage as plating on escherichia coli or salmonella typhimurium strains harbouring the incompatibility group x plasmid r6k. it also plated on a strain of serratia marcescens carrying this plasmid. it failed to form plaques on proteus mirabilis, p. morganii or providencia alcalifaciens harbouring r6k, but did multiply on them. no phage increase occurred with homologous r- strains. phage x also plated or registered an increase in titre on e. coli or s. typhimurium strains ...	1981	6121839
[relationships between o-antigens of providencia and rettgerella].		1981	6171959
providencia stuartii infections: a review of 117 cases over an eight year period.		1981	6174578
in vitro activity of ro 13-9904, a new beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin.	the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of ro 13-9904 against 245 clinical isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. the activity of ro 13-9904 against most enterobacteriaceae was similar to that of cefotaxime; it was slightly more active than cefotaxime against proteus mirabilis, providencia species, and serratia marcescens, but slightly less active against klebsiella species. ro 13-9904 was twofold more active than cefotaxime and threefold more active than ticarcillin against tica ...	1981	6289726
purification of the sequence-specific endonuclease pal i.		1981	6765643
the susceptibility of nosocomial pathogens to ceftazidime.	the activities in vitro of ceftazidime and of cefuroxime have been compared against 201 strains of bacteria which had been isolated either from outbreaks of nosocomial infection or were typical of strains causing such outbreaks. ceftazidime was found to be about 1000 times more active against pseudomonas spp. and proteus vulgaris, and between 10 and 100 times more active against klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, proteus rettgeri, proteus morgani ...	1981	19802966
synergistic activity of mecillinam in combination with the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam.	the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam were combined with mecillinam. beta-lactamase-containing escherichia coli resistant to mecillinam was synergistically inhibited by both clavulanic acid and sulbactam. beta-lactamase-containing enterobacter was synergistically inhibited, but strains lacking beta-lactamases were not synergistically inhibited. synergistic inhibition was noted for beta-lactamase-containing, mecillinam-resistant klebsiella, citrobacter, serratia, and salmone ...	1982	6291454
ceftriaxone: in vitro activity against 410 bacterial isolates compared with cefotaxime.	the in vitro activity of the two new cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, against 410 bacterial isolates was compared using an agar dilution method. both compounds were highly active against enterobacteriaceae, including indole-positive proteus and providencia; the great majority of the isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mg/l of either drug. activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus was moderate, and enterococci were resistant. all streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococ ...	1982	6293978
cefotaxime: a review of in vitro antimicrobial properties and spectrum of activity.	cefotaxime has remarkable potency against all enterobacteriaceae, including enterobacter species, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and providencia species--all of which are resistant to earlier cephalosporins. cefotaxime generally inhibits greater than 90% of enteric bacilli at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml; in one study it inhibited greater than 98% of isolates at less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. for staphyloc ...	1982	6294779
antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime alone and in combination with cefotaxime.	cefotaxime is metabolized to 3-desacetylcefotaxime. the antibacterial activity of desacetylcefotaxime is four- to eightfold less than that of cefotaxime. the activity of desacetylcefotaxime is species- and strain-specific. although desacetylcefotaxime is less active than cefotaxime, it is more active than cefazolin, cefamandole, or cefoxitin. desacetylcefotaxime does not inhibit many strains of morganella, most strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, some strains of serratia marcescens, some strains ...	1982	6294786
treatment of urinary tract infections with cefotaxime: noncomparative and prospective comparative trials.	three studies evaluated the efficacy of cefotaxime for the treatment of urinary tract infections. an open, multicenter, noncomparative trial included 477 patients who received a usual dose of 2 g of intravenous or intramuscular cefotaxime daily for five to 10 days. the maximal daily dosage in severe cases was 12 g. pathogens included escherichia coli and species of citrobacter, pseudomonas, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, morganella, providencia, and proteus. of all the causative organisms, ...	1982	6294793
[modified method for determining the content of tryptophan deaminase and phenylalanine deaminase in bacteria].		1982	6176768
the use of pre-enrichment for the isolation of small numbers of gentamicin-resistant providencia stuartii from faeces.		1982	6190870
haemagglutinins and fimbriae of morganella, proteus and providencia.	one hundred and thirteen strains of morganella, proteus and providencia, grown in different cultural conditions, were examined for their ability to produce haemagglutinins (has). three main kinds of ha (ms, mr/k and mr/p) were detected, and 89% of the 112 ha+ strains were capable of producing two or three of the different has in the same or different cultures. the properties of the three has were partly defined and the difficulties of identifying their separate ha activities when present togethe ...	1982	6129324
the in vitro activity of moxalactam against 430 clinical, bacterial isolates.	the in vitro activity of the novel beta-lactam antibiotic moxalactam against 430 bacterial isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. moxalactam was highly active against enterobacteriaceae including indole-positive proteus and providencia, all isolates being susceptible to 1.0 microgram/ml or less. the drug was somewhat less active against gram-positive cocci and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci were highly resistant. all haemophilus influenzae isolates were inhibited by 0.06 mi ...	1982	6211028
in vitro susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin and selected new beta-lactam agents.	amikacin was evaluated in vitro by agar dilution testing against 148 different clinical isolates of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in parallel with cephalothin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, n-formimidoyl thienamycin, ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime. cefsulodin was also evaluated against 39 isolates of p. aeruginosa. more than 80% of all isolates tested were also gentamicin resistant, as determined by disk testing. moxalactam and amikacin had comparable high activities ...	1982	6213196
in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.	norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. we examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. it inhibited 90% (mic90) of strains of escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, salmonella and shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 ...	1982	6214995
clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in serious infections.	thirty-five patients underwent 38 treatment courses with cefotaxime. documented infections included 11 bacteremias, 7 cases of nosocomial pneumonia, 6 surgical wound infections, 3 bone infections, 1 biliary infection, and 1 urinary tract infection. granulocytopenic patients with fever received 15 courses of empiric cefotaxime therapy alone; in 8 courses, no definite site of infection or pathogen was isolated. broad-spectrum antibiotics had been administered to 23 patients before cefotaxime. thir ...	1982	6282202
[comparative study of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and moxalactam against 150 gram negative strains (author's transl)].	the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone, a new cephalosporine derivative was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins, cefotaxime and moxalactam. 150 strains of gram negative bacilli were used in this study. ceftriaxone as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against most of the 104 multiresistant enterobacteriaceae. ceftriaxone was the most active against proteus providencia with a mean mic of 0.007 microgram/ml. cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were less active than moxalactam ag ...	1982	6287385
[clinical evaluation of cefotiam in adults urinary tract infections (author's transl)].	cefotiam, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin was used for the treatment of 30 cases of urinary-tract infections (uti). patients, 20 females, 10 males were between 23 and 76 years old. uti were 17 cystitis, 9 pyelonephritis and 4 prostatitis. bacteria isolated from urine were : 24 e. coli, 3 proteus mirabilis, 1 providencia, 3 klebsiella, 3 enterobacter, 2 serratia, 1 staphylococcus coagulase--, dnase--. mic's of cefotiam ranged from 0.003 to 32 micrograms/ml (median mic : 0.06 microgram/ml). cef ...	1982	6287388
[in vitro activity of ceftazidime compared with five beta-lactamase stable compounds against clinical strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus ].	acinetobacter calcoaceticus is recognized as one of the most resistant nosocomial pathogens. clinical isolates of acinetobacter are usually resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics. the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime, a new broad spectrum highly potent beta-lactam antibiotic, able to inhibit especially pseudomonas and providencia. its activity against 96 clinical strains of acinetobacter was compared with the activity of 5 recent beta-lactam antibio ...	1982	6289227
[proteolytic activity of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms causing food poisoning].	a study was made of proteolytic activity of the microorganisms proteus and bac. cereus, as well as of infected extract from raw meat. subject to study were also the effects of the temperature, storage and microbial association on the production of exoproteases. the results indicate an increase in the proteolytic activity in the course of storage at room and decreased temperatures and a lowering of the soluble protein amount in the samples, which attests to an active process of spoiling. associat ...	1982	6803437
a prospective microbiologic study of bacteriuria in patients with chronic indwelling urethral catheters.	bacteriuria is common in chronically catheterized patients and is associated with both acute and chronic complications. of 605 consecutive weekly urine specimens from 20 chronically catheterized patients, 98% contained bacteria at high concentrations and 77% were polymicrobial. the mean interval between new episodes of bacteriuria was 1.8 weeks. most species of bacteria caused five to seven new episodes of bacteriuria per 100 weeks of catheterization. even though access to the catheter lumen was ...	1982	6815281
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime.	the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ...	1982	6100427
comparison of three methods for identification of enterobacteriaceae.	this study compares the ability of three commercial overnight methods, api 20e, minitek and enteric-tek, to accurately and completely identify 368 clinically isolated enterobacteriaceae without supplemental tests. organisms included escherichia coli (54 strains), shigella spp. (7), edwardsiella tarda (1), salmonella enteritidis (10), citrobacter spp. (30), klebsiella spp. (55), enterobacter spp. (68), hafnia alvei (2), serratia spp. (33), proteus spp. (64), morganella morganii (24), providencia ...	1982	6756905
spot indole test: evaluation of four reagents.	kovacs indole reagent, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, ehrlich indole reagent and p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde were used as spot indole reagents to test 359 strains of gram-negative rods growing on 5% sheep blood agar, trypticase soy agar (bbl microbiology systems), and macconkey agar. the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent was the most sensitive of those tested and provided results that were easiest to interpret. the p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde reagent was able to detect providencia alcalifa ...	1982	7040458
[taxonomic problems of bacteria in the genera rettgerella and providencia].		1982	7043965
comparison of two methods for same-day identification of enterobacteriaceae.	two commercial methods, api 20e (as modified for same-day enterobacterial identification) and micro-id, were evaluated for ability to provide useful same-day information of 368 clinically isolated enterobacteriaceae. organisms included escherichia coli (54), shigella (7), edwardsiella tarda (1), salmonella enteritidis (10), citrobacter (30), klebsiella (55), enterobacter (68), hafnia alvei (2), serratia (33), proteus (64), morganella morganii (24), providencia (18), and yersinia enterocolitica ( ...	1982	7051807