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use of similar immunoglobulin vh gene segments by malt lymphomas of the ocular adnexa.extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (malt lymphomas) develop from acquired reactive infiltrates directed against external or autoantigens. although some european cases of ocular adnexal malt lymphoma have been associated with chlamydia psittaci infections, c. psittaci has not been detected in large studies of us-based cases. to evaluate whether the growth of us-based ocular adnexal malt lymphomas may be promoted by a similar antigen, we identified and ana ...200919347017
genotyping of chlamydophila abortus strains by multilocus vntr analysis.chlamydophila (c.) abortus is the causative agent of ovine enzootic abortion with zoonotic potential whose epidemiology has been held back because of the obligate intracellular habitat of the bacterium. in the present study, we report on a molecular typing method termed multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) analysis (mlva) for exploring the diversity of c. abortus. an initial analysis performed with 34 selected genetic loci on 34 ruminant strains including the variant greek stra ...200919217221
zoonotic chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective.human psittacosis is a zoonotic infectious disease which is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydophila psittaci. transmission of the disease usually originates from close contact with infected birds, most frequently in the context of the poultry industry, and from contact with psittaciformes (cockatoos, parrots, parakeets and lories). due to a low awareness of the disease and a variable clinical presentation psittacosis is often not recognised as such by general practitioners. ...200919220335
[unanticipated outbreak of q fever during a study using sheep, and its significance for further projects].effective measures for protection of laboratory staff against infections due to experiments with pathogens are a challenge for safeguarding against hazards. investigations on limited epidemic infections and their causes are of high relevance. during an experiment with pregnant sheep 5 of 7 persons who took part in the operation procedures developed q fever 10 to 24 days after exposure. one sheep aborted spontaneously 3 days after the third experiment. examinations of the aborted material reveale ...200919226931
extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the ocular adnexa.lymphomas of the ocular adnexa are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, composing approximately 1% to 2% of non-hodgkin lymphomas (nhls) and 8% of extranodal lymphomas. the most common subtype, accounting for up to 80% of cases of primary ocular adnexal lymphoma, is marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) type. in the recent past, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the clinical characteristics, morphology and phenotype, etiology, pathogenesi ...200919372259
reactive arthritis due to chlamydia psittaci associated with hla-b27 genotype. 200919485846
simultaneous zoonotic transmission of chlamydophila psittaci genotypes d, f and e/b to a veterinary scientist.two groups of five 1-day-old conventional turkeys were housed in negative pressure stables to become experimentally infected with avian metapneumovirus (ampv) and ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ort) at the age of 3 weeks. however, during the first 2 weeks, turkeys started to show respiratory disease characterized by rhinitis and dyspnoea. routine bacterial and viral diagnoses remained negative. therefore, pharyngeal swabs from the turkeys and from the veterinary scientist handling the animals ...200918963600
what is your diagnosis? blood smear from an injured red-tailed hawk.an injured juvenile red-tailed hawk (buteo jamaicensis) was evaluated at the veterinary medical teaching hospital at the university of california, davis. the hawk was quiet, alert, and emaciated, and had a closed comminuted, mid-diaphyseal ulnar fracture. cbc results included heterophilia with a left shift, monocytosis, and increased plasma fibrinogen concentration. the blood smear included rare heterophils containing small, dark blue inclusions approximately 1-2 mum in diameter that ranged from ...200919228359
psittacosis presenting as a halo sign on high-resolution computed tomography.psittacosis is an infectious disease caused by the intracellular microorganism chlamydia psittaci, which mainly affects the respiratory tract. we described the high-resolution computed tomography findings in a 30-year-old man with psittacosis acquired by contact with psittacides. the diagnosis was confirmed by serological methods. high-resolution computed tomography showed nodular opacities surrounded by ground-glass attenuation (halo sign) in both lower lobes. psittacosis should be considered i ...200919465839
chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds: a review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences.the first part of the present review gives an overview on the history of infectious agents of the order chlamydiales and the general infection biology of chlamydophila (c.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis. in the second part, the classification of c. psittaci strains, as well as issues of epidemiology of avian chlamydiosis., disease transmission routes, clinical disease, public health significance, present legislation and recommendations for prevention and control are reviewed.200919054633
ocular adnexal lymphoma and infectious agents. 200919075420
transformation and isolation of allelic exchange mutants of chlamydia psittaci using recombinant dna introduced by electroporation.to facilitate genetic investigations in the obligate intracellular pathogens chlamydia, the ability to construct variants by homologous recombination was investigated in c. psittaci 6bc. the single rrna operon was targeted with a synthetic 16s rrna allele, harboring three nucleotide substitutions over 398 bp, which imparts resistance to kasugamycin (ksm) and spectinomycin (spc) and causes loss of one hpai restriction site. a fourth, silent mutation was introduced 654 bp downstream in the beginni ...200919104068
chlamydial infection: the link with ocular adnexal lymphomas.chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that grow in eukaryotic cells and cause a wide spectrum of diseases. they can establish persistent infections, are mitogenic in vitro, promote polyclonal cell proliferation in vivo and induce resistance to apoptosis in infected cells-properties that might contribute to tumorigenesis. in fact, chlamydophila psittaci (cp) has been linked to the development and maintenance of ocular adnexal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (oamzl). in this indolent malign ...200919806147
prevalence of chlamydophila psittaci-positive cloacal pcr tests in wild avian casualties in the uk. 200919122217
bugs and marginal zone lymphoma of the ocular adnexae: is the future already here? 200919833854
effect of chlamydiaphage phicpg1 on the course of conjunctival infection with "chlamydia caviae" in guinea pigs.over the last several years, four different phages of chlamydiae, in addition to a phage associated with chlamydia psittaci isolated from an ornithosis infection in ducks over 25 years ago, have been described and characterized. while these phages and their chlamydial host specificities have been characterized in vitro, there is virtually nothing known about the interaction of the phage with chlamydiae in their natural animal host. phicpg1 is a lytic phage specific for "chlamydia caviae," which ...200919139194
genotyping of chlamydophila psittaci strains derived from avian and mammalian species.eleven chlamydophila (formerly chlamydia) psittaci strains derived from avian and mammalian species (two from dairy cows, one from duck, three from sheep, three from wild birds, and two from pigs) were identified as genotype c by outer membrane protein a gene sequencing. genotype c had been preferentially associated with waterfowl. this paper suggests that mammals may represent an underestimated source for genotype c strains and for human psittacosis cases.200919140022
mucosal immunity in mice induced by orally administered transgenic rice.transgenic plants are efficient means of producing and delivering oral vaccines. rice material shown previously to express the chlamydophila psittaci (cp. psittaci) antigen (momp) fused to the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) was fed to mice and the resulting immune response was investigated. oral immunization of mice with the transgenic rice elicited momp-specific sera igg and iga antibodies, a strong increase of the lymphoproliferative response, and significant level ...200919146896
[relationship between primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and eye infection].to study the role of pathogenic microorganisms commonly associated with chronic eye disease, including chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and type 2, and adenovirus type 8 and type 19, in the development of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma in chinese patients.200920021960
digital titration: automated image acquisition and analysis of load and growth of chlamydophila psittaci.traditionally, the amount of infective chlamydiae in a given sample is determined by inoculating dilution series into cell cultures and physically counting chlamydial inclusions. this approach is time consuming, tedious, and error prone, mainly when dealing with high titers. therefore, this paper describes a largely automated technique that was developed to standardize the determination of chlamydial load in vitro. cells are fixed at 36 h post-inoculation and bacteria visualized using standard i ...200919165738
chlamydophila psittaci in wild birds in the uk. 200919188349
kdo-(2 --> 8)-kdo-(2 --> 4)-kdo but not kdo-(2 --> 4)-kdo-(2 --> 4)-kdo is an acceptor for transfer of l-glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptose by escherichia coli heptosyltransferase i (waac).early steps in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) involve the transfer of 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid (kdo) to lipid a. whereas kdo transferases (waaa) of escherichia coli generate a (2 --> 4)-linked kdo disaccharide, chlamydiae contain tri- or tetra-functional waaa generating oligosaccharides with (2 --> 8)- and (2 --> 4)-linkages between kdo. it has been suggested that the transfer of l-glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptose (hep) to kdo by an e. coli waac may not be possi ...200919201821
prevalence of chlamydophila psittaci infections in a human population in contact with domestic and companion birds.chlamydophila psittaci infections in humans are underestimated. we investigated the occurrence of c. psittaci in a belgian population of 540 individuals. data were from a population survey (n=2524) of apparently healthy community-dwelling subjects aged 35-55 years. pharyngeal swabs and blood were taken. individuals completed a questionnaire on professional and nonprofessional activities, smoking habits, medical history and contact frequency with different bird species. swabs were analysed by a c ...200919528151
genomic analysis of an attenuated chlamydia abortus live vaccine strain reveals defects in central metabolism and surface proteins.comparative genomic analysis of a wild-type strain of the ovine pathogen chlamydia abortus and its nitrosoguanidine-induced, temperature-sensitive, virulence-attenuated live vaccine derivative identified 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms unique to the mutant, including nine nonsynonymous mutations, one leading to a truncation of pmpg, which encodes a polymorphic membrane protein, and two intergenic mutations potentially affecting promoter sequences. other nonsynonymous mutations mapped to a pmp ...200919596773
protection of budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) against chlamydophila psittaci challenge by dna vaccination.plasmid dna (pcdna1::momp a) expressing the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydophila psittaci genotype a strain 89/1051 has been tested for its ability to induce protective immunity against cp. psittaci challenge in budgerigars. eight pairs of male and female budgerigars were housed in eight separate bird cages placed in two negative pressure isolators, four cages per group. all budgerigars were immunised twice intramuscularly with 100 microasmid dna. both groups received a primary d ...200919640395
chlamydophila psittaci infections in turkeys: overview of economic and zoonotic importance and vaccine development.we provide evidence on the multifactorial infectious etiology of respiratory disease in turkeys. although chlamydophila psittaci is difficult to diagnose, this entity should not be neglected in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. the present results suggest a pathogenic interplay between chlamydophila, avian metapneumovirus and ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. additionally, we demonstrate zoonotic transmission from turkeys to humans. psittacosis due to contact with poultry probably occurs more o ...200920011707
treatment options for ocular adnexal lymphoma (oal).most lymphomas that involve the ocular adnexal structure are low grade, b cell, non-hodgkin's lymphomas. the treatment depends upon the grade and stage of the disease. high grade lymhoma requires treatment with systemic chemotherapy whereas the localized low grade (extranodal marginal zone lymphoma) can be successfully managed with local radiotherapy. chlamydia psittaci infection is associated with low grade ocular lymphoma; however there is wide geographic variation in the strength of this asso ...200920054418
susceptibility to infection and immune response in insular and continental populations of egyptian vulture: implications for conservation.a generalized decline in populations of old world avian scavengers is occurring on a global scale. the main cause of the observed crisis in continental populations of these birds should be looked for in the interaction between two factors -- changes in livestock management, including the increased use of pharmaceutical products, and disease. insular vertebrates seem to be especially susceptible to diseases induced by the arrival of exotic pathogens, a process often favored by human activities, a ...200919623256
identification of chlamydia trachomatis in a patient with ocular lymphoma.accumulating evidence suggests that infectious agents may play a role in ocular adnexa lymphomas (oals) of malt-type [1-4]. in particular, chlamydia psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis, has been detected by pcr in most patients from italy or isolated eastern asiatic countries with oals in absence of other chlamydia species [4-8]. these patients have also been shown to have a complete or partial response to doxycycline, recognized to be a cheap and safe treatment in these patients [5,6]. ...200919650142
[psittacosis outbreak at an avian exhibition].psittacosis outbreak due to chlamydophila psittaci occurred among staff members at an avian exhibition of nearly 1,000 birds in kobe, japan, in december 2005. staff members not trained about zoonosis or psittacosis used little protective attire such as masks and gloves when caring for their discharges. two of 67 staff members contracted psittacosis pneumonia. additional two suffered from pneumonia and 19 reported symptoms such as fever and cough, although none were diagnosed with psittacosis. th ...200919860250
chlamydophila psittaci infections in the netherlands.psittacosis, caused by chlamydophila psittaci, is a well described but sporadically occurring clinical entity, which mainly presents as community-acquired pneumonia. diagnosis used to be relatively difficult. however, new molecular techniques, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction, increased detection of cases. furthermore, genotyping of the ompa gene can be used as a tool to trace the possible source of an outbreak or to link a specific bird to a particular patient.200920011708
the detection of chlamydophila psittaci genotype c infection in dogs.reports of canine chlamydiosis are infrequent, possibly because the pathogen is rarely considered to be a cause of disease in dogs. this report presents details of chlamydophila psittaci infection in four bitches with recurrent keratoconjunctivitis, severe respiratory distress and reduced litter size (up to 50% stillborn or non-viable puppies) in a small dog-breeding facility in germany. cell culture and immunofluorescence examination of conjunctival, nasal and pharyngeal swabs revealed chlamydi ...200918583165
new real-time pcr tests for species-specific detection of chlamydophila psittaci and chlamydophila abortus from tissue samples.chlamydophila psittaci and chlamydophila abortus are the causative agents of avian chlamydiosis (psittacosis) and ovine enzootic abortion, respectively. both pathogens are known to possess zoonotic potential. due to their close genetic relatedness, direct and rapid species identification is difficult. in the present study, new real-time pcr assays are reported for both species. the tests are based on highly specific probes targeting the ompa gene region and were conducted as duplex pcrs includin ...200918413292
isolation of a new chlamydial agent from infected domestic poultry coincided with cases of atypical pneumonia among slaughterhouse workers in france.three cases of atypical pneumonia in individuals working at a poultry slaughterhouse prompted an epidemiological survey in 10 poultry farms that had supplied birds. using a chlamydiaceae-specific real-time pcr assay, chlamydial agents were detected in 14 of 25 investigated flocks. rather unexpectedly, chlamydophila psittaci was identified only in one of the positive flocks, whereas arraytube dna microarray testing indicated the presence of a new, so far unclassified member of the genus chlamydop ...200919715775
mixed infection with reovirus and chlamydophila in a flock of budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus).eleven budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) from a zoological collection presented at necropsy with emaciation and splenomegaly or hepatomegaly or both. polymerase chain reaction assays performed on liver and spleen samples were positive for chlamydophila psittaci in 2 of 3 birds tested, and histologic findings in 2 additional birds were compatible with chlamydiosis. the aviary was subsequently closed to the public, and a 45-day treatment regimen with doxycycline in the seeds was initiated. no ...201021302762
detection of chlamydophila psittaci from feral pigeons in environmental samples: problems with currently available techniques.chlamydophila psittaci (lillie, 1930) everett et al., 1999, the pathogenic agent of human ornithosis, is widespread in feral pigeon populations and many cases of transmission from feral pigeons to humans have been reported. the aim of the present study was to detect c. psittaci in environmental samples to find out more about possible transmission routes and, therefore, to assess the zoonotic risk for humans. fecal samples were collected from nest boxes in a feral pigeon loft. additionally, sampl ...201021392323
[isolation of chlamydophila psittaci from avian samples and establishment of a respiratory infection murine model].to optimize the isolation and culture technique of chlamydophila psittaci avian strains and to establish an animal model infected with c. psittaci.201021365920
west nile virus infection in a green-winged macaw (ara chloropterus).a 29-year-old female green-winged macaw (ara chloropterus) was presented for acute pelvic limb lameness. on physical examination the bird was found to be mildly dehydrated with paraparesis and proprioceptive deficits of the pelvic limbs. antemortem diagnostics included a complete blood count and plasma biochemistry panel, fecal gram and ziehl-neelsen acid fast stains, plasma heavy metal concentrations, reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr testing for west nile virus (wnv) rna and pcr testing for chlam ...201020408419
evaluating 21-day doxycycline and azithromycin treatments for experimental chlamydophila psittaci infection in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus).to determine the efficacy of 21-day therapy with azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of experimental infection with chlamydophila psittaci in cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus), 30 birds randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups and 1 control group were inoculated with c psittaci by combined intranasal and ocular routes. morbidity, mortality, and results of polymerase chain reaction testing confirmed that infection was successful. birds in group 1 (n = 8) received azithromycin at 40 mg/k ...201020496604
identification of chlamydial species in crocodiles and chickens by pcr-hrm curve analysis.recently, a pcr protocol (16sg), targeting 16s rrna gene coupled with high resolution melt (hrm) curve analysis was developed in our laboratory and shown to reliably detect and identify the seven different chlamydiaceae spp. in this study, the potential of this method was assessed for detection and differentiation of chlamydiosis in clinical specimens. of the total number of 733 specimens from a range of animal species, 219 (30%) were found positive by 16sg pcr. when a sufficient amount of dna w ...201020570064
ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in northern china: high frequency of numerical chromosomal changes and no evidence of an association with chlamydia psittaci.studies from different countries showed variations of genetic changes and association with chlamydia psittaci in ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphoma. a total of 38 ocular adnexal malt lymphoma cases from northern china were studied. genetic abnormalities were investigated in 28 cases by interphase fish. c. psittaci and other infectious agents that are commonly-associated with chronic eye disease were screened in 38 cases by pcr. genetic abnormalities were detected in ...201020807089
detection of chlamydophila psittaci by using sybr green real-time pcr.chlamydophila psittaci is the causative agent of human psittacosis and avian chlamydiosis. this zoonotic pathogen is frequently transmitted from infected birds to humans. therefore proper and rapid detection of c. psittaci in birds is important to control this disease. we developed a method for detecting c. psittaci by using sybr green real-time pcr based on targeting the cysteine-rich protein gene (envb) of c. psittaci. this one step procedure was highly sensitive and rapid for detection and qu ...201020948172
diff-quik cytologic recognition of chlamydophila psittaci in orolabial lesions of stevens-johnson syndrome.chlamydophila psittaci causes psittacosis, an ornithosis acquired usually from infected birds. the disease is often focal and pneumonic but on rare instances can be protean and fatal. diagnosis is by chlamydophila serology, which may take as long as 21 days or more. the recovery of the organisms from mice, eggs or tissue culture inoculated with the patient's blood or sputum is tedious and dangerous for laboratory personnel. on occasion, c psittaci inclusion bodies have also been detected in infe ...201020968157
differential cytokine expression in chlamydophila psittaci genotype a-, b- or d-infected chicken macrophages after exposure to escherichia coli o2:k1 lps.chlamydophila (cp.) psittaci and avian pathogenic escherichia (e.) coli infections contribute to the respiratory disease complex observed in turkeys. secondary infection with e. coli exacerbates cp. psittaci pathogenicity and augments e. coli excretion. the innate immune response initiated by both pathogens in their avian host is unknown. we therefore determined the cytokine responses following cp. psittaci infection and e. coli superinfection of avian monocytes/macrophages by examining gene tra ...201020223261
[ornithosis--case report and current concerns].the authors describe a severe case of psittacosis requiring intensive care, and summarize the potential means of diagnosis, as well as the epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects of the disease. clinical signs of ornithosis do not allow a reliable differentiation from other atypical bacterial infections, thus, exploring the possible exposure to birds in the patient's history is most important in these cases. knowledge of bird exposure in the history leads the clinician to the correct diagnosis tha ...201020591788
chlamydophila psittaci and toxoplasma gondii infection in pigeons (columba livia) from são paulo state, brazil.pigeons (columba livia) cohabit with humans in urban and rural areas, representing a public health problem since microorganisms are transmitted through the inhalation of dust from their dry feces (chlamydiosis) and through ingestion of their undercooked or poorly refrigerated meat (toxoplasmosis). this study aimed to evaluate the presence of chlamydophila psittaci and toxoplasma gondii in pigeons from four cities in são paulo state, brazil. c. psittaci was evaluated through hemi-nested polymeras ...201021055877
multi locus sequence typing of chlamydia reveals an association between chlamydia psittaci genotypes and host species.chlamydia comprises a group of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites responsible for a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including several zoonoses. chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases such as trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity. chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. chlamydia psittaci, causing zoonotic pneumonia in humans, is usually hosted by birds, while chlamydia abortus, causin ...201021152037
unconventional therapies in ocular adnexal lymphomas. 201020836666
natural cross chlamydial infection between livestock and free-living bird species.the study of cross-species pathogen transmission is essential to understanding the epizootiology and epidemiology of infectious diseases. avian chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease whose effects have been mainly investigated in humans, poultry and pet birds. it has been suggested that wild bird species play an important role as reservoirs for this disease. during a comparative health status survey in common (falco tinnunculus) and lesser (falco naumanni) kestrel populations in spain, acute gammapa ...201020976071
genome sequence of the zoonotic pathogen chlamydophila psittaci.we present the first genome sequence of chlamydophila psittaci, an intracellular pathogen of birds and a human zoonotic pathogen. a comparison with previously sequenced chlamydophila genomes shows that, as in other chlamydiae, most of the genome diversity is restricted to the plasticity zone. the c. psittaci plasmid was also sequenced.201021183672
treatment and control of chlamydial and rickettsial infections in sheep and goats.small ruminants are susceptible to several chlamydial and rickettsial infections. some of them, such as ehrlichia ruminantium, have a great impact on the sheep and goat industry while others, such as coxiella burnetii, are important zoonotic agents. this review focuses on measures of treatment and control for the following organisms: chlamydophila abortus (formerly chlamydia psittaci immunotype 1), coxiella burnetii, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia ruminantium.201021215905
chlamydophila psittaci in homing and feral pigeons and zoonotic transmission.chlamydiosis is a zoonotic disease in birds caused by chlamydophila psittaci, an obligate intracellular bacterium. there are seven known avian outer-membrane protein a genotypes, a-f and e/b. the importance of genotyping lies in the fact that certain genotypes tend to be associated with certain hosts and a difference in virulence. genotype b is the most prevalent in pigeons, but the more virulent genotypes a and d have also been discovered. the current study assessed the prevalence of c. psittac ...201020705727
environmental monitoring and analysis of faecal contamination in an urban setting in the city of bari (apulia region, italy): health and hygiene implications.few studies have been conducted in italy to quantify the potential risk associated with dynamics and distribution of pathogens in urban settings. the aim of this study was to acquire data on the environmental faecal contamination in urban ecosystems, by assessing the presence of pathogens in public areas in the city of bari (apulia region, italy). to determine the degree of environmental contamination, samples of dog faeces and bird guano were collected from different areas in the city of bari ( ...201021139871
chlamydophila psittaci zoonotic risk assessment in a chicken and turkey slaughterhouse.chlamydophila psittaci causes respiratory disease in poultry and can be transmitted to humans. we conducted a c. psittaci zoonotic risk assessment study of a chicken and turkey slaughterhouse. eighty-five percent of the slaughtered chicken flocks tested positive by pcr and culture. genotype d was discovered. fifty-seven percent of the slaughtered turkey flocks tested positive by pcr and culture. genotype d was present. for the chicken slaughterhouse employees, 7.5% and 6% tested positive for c. ...201020592139
synthesis of a neoglycoconjugate containing a chlamydophila psittaci-specific branched kdo trisaccharide epitope.the branched kdo trisaccharide sodium (3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl)onate-(2-->8)-[sodium (3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosyl)onate-(2-->4)]-sodium (allyl 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosid)onate has been prepared utilizing the regioselective glycosylation of the c-7, c-8 diol entity of a kdo monosaccharide acceptor with a kdo bromide donor followed by the attachment of the third kdo unit to o-4 of the disaccharide intermediate. deacetylation and hydrolysis of the methyl ...201020116048
analysis of cross-reactive and specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies against lipopolysaccharide from chlamydophila psittaci.chlamydiae contain a rough-type lipopolysaccharide (lps) of 3-deoxy-alpha-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid residues (kdo). two kdo trisaccharides, 2.8/2.4- and 2.4/2.4-linked, and a branched 2.4[2.8]2.4-linked kdo tetrasaccharide occur in chlamydiaceae. while the 2.8/2.4-linked trisaccharide contains a family-specific epitope, the branched kdo oligosaccharide occurs only in chlamydophila psittaci and antibodies against it will be useful in human and veterinarian diagnostics. to overcome the gen ...201020022906
avian chlamydiophilosis in a manitoba farmed pigeon flock. 201020808570
geographic variation and environmental conditions as cofactors in chlamydia psittaci association with ocular adnexal lymphomas: a comparison between italian and african samples.a particular extra-nodal lymphoma type arises from b cells of the marginal zone (mz) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt). the aetiology of mz lymphomas suggests that they are associated with chronic antigenic stimulation by microbial pathogens, among which helicobacter pylori-associated gastric malt lymphoma is the best studied. recently, malt lymphomas have been described in the context of chronic conjunctivitis, which can be associated with chlamydia spp. infection. studies from italy ...201019728399
biology and intracellular pathogenesis of high or low virulent chlamydophila psittaci strains in chicken macrophages.within a few days post infection of spf turkeys, highly pathogenic chlamydophila (cp.) psittaci genotype a and d strains can be found in blood monocytes/macrophages, while this effect is less pronounced for infection with a milder genotype b strain. to elucidate on the observed difference, we studied the developmental cycle of avian cp. psittaci strains of varying virulence in a matched avian monocyte/macrophage cell line (hd11) by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence and determined the ge ...201019828268
multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for molecular typing of aspergillus fumigatus.multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) is a prominent subtyping method to resolve closely related microbial isolates to provide information for establishing genetic patterns among isolates and to investigate disease outbreaks. the usefulness of mlva was recently demonstrated for the avian major pathogen chlamydophila psittaci. in the present study, we developed a similar method for another pathogen of birds: the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus.201021143842
vaccination of turkeys against chlamydophila psittaci through optimised dna formulation and administration.we have demonstrated that vaccination of turkeys with an unformulated dna vaccine induces significant protection against chlamydophila (cp.) psittaci infections. nevertheless, the immunogenicity of the dna vaccine can still be improved by increasing translation and transfection efficiency. therefore, the ompa codon was adapted to the codon usage in birds, resulting in pcdna1/momp(opt). to increase gene transfer, polyplexes of pcdna1/momp(opt)-egfp with different cationic polymers, such as linear ...201020199760
ocular adnexal lymphomas: a review.ocular adnexal lymphomas comprise 1% to 2% of all non-hodgkin lymphomas and about 8% of extranodal lymphomas. they are a heterogeneous group of malignancies, the majority of which are primary extranodal lymphoma with most (up to 80%) of the marginal zone of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type (malt lymphoma). this review will encompass the incidence, histology, immunophenotyping, recent advances in molecular and cytogenetics, clinical features including outcome, and prognostic factors. the as ...201020574170
atypical pneumonia due to chlamydophila psittaci: 3 case reports and review of literature.chlamydophila psittaci is the causative agent of psittacosis or ornithosis. the disease is transmitted to men predominantly from birds. most commonly noted symptoms are fever, headache and cough, but a number of other symptoms or complications may arise such as renal impairment, hepatitis or neurological symptoms. in this article 3 cases of psittacosis are presented, with a review of the literature with emphasis on laboratory diagnosis.201020669788
fastidious intracellular bacteria as causal agents of community-acquired pneumonia.intracellular bacteria are common causes of community-acquired pneumonia that grow poorly or not at all on standard culture media and do not respond to beta-lactam antibiotic therapy. apart from well-established agents of pneumonia such as legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii, some new emerging pathogens have recently been recognized, mainly parachlamydia acanthamoebae and simkania negevensis, two chlamydia-related bacteria ...201020586563
genetic and epigenetic changes linked to chlamydophila psittaci-associated ocular adnexal lymphomas. 201020128017
seroprevalence of antibodies to chlamydophila psittaci in zoo workers in brazil.to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to chlamydophila psittaci 364 serum samples were collected from veterinarians, biologists, animal scientists, veterinary students, animal keepers and others employees in 20 zoos, and from veterinary practitioners in 10 brazilian states. subjects ranged from 15 to 64 years of age, with 268 (74%) males and 96 (26%) females. chlamydial antibodies were determined by the complement fixation test (cft) and specific anti-c. psittaci igg antibodies were determine ...201019538456
[infectious agents in ocular adnexal tumours].in recent years, infectious agents have been increasingly recognised as an important pathogenetic factor for various malignant tumours of the ocular adnexa. many of these viruses and bacteria affect the cell cycle and physiological apoptosis. ocular adnexal lymphoma (oal), especially extranodal marginal cell lymphoma, is associated with chlamydophila psittaci and helicobacter pylori in certain geographic regions. epstein-barr virus seems to play a role in the natural killer/t-cell lymphoma subty ...201020535664
screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (columba livia) in madrid.pathogens with the zoonotic potential to infect humans, such as campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and chlamydophila psittaci, can be found in feral pigeons (columba livia). given the high density of these birds in the public parks and gardens of most cities, they may pose a direct threat to public health.201020569487
a novel chlamydiaceae-like bacterium found in faecal specimens from sea birds from the bering sea.the family chlamydiaceae contains several bacterial pathogens of important human and veterinary medical concern, such as chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila psittaci. within the order chlamydiales there are also an increasing number of chlamydia-like bacteria whose biodiversity, host range and environmental spread seem to have been largely underestimated, and which are currently being investigated for their potential medical relevance. in this study we present 16s rrna, rnpb and ompa gene se ...201023766231
myeloradiculitis with meningoencephalopathy and optic neuritis in a case of previous chlamydia psittaci infection.we present a case of optic neuritis and myelo-radiculopathy as a late association following chlamydia psittaci infection. a 45-year-old female patient with a prior history of c psittaci pneumonia and subsequent reactive arthritis presented to the neurology unit with severe headache, constitutional symptoms and monocular disturbance in vision. clinical examination revealed focal signs with brisk upper limb reflexes compared to lower limbs and mild left-sided pyramidal signs. systemic inflammatory ...201022802266
biased use of the ighv4 family and evidence for antigen selection in chlamydophila psittaci-negative ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphomas.extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (emzl) are the most common lymphomas in the ocular adnexa. the etiology and potential role for antigenic stimulation in these lymphomas are still controversial. we have examined ighv gene usage and mutations in 67 chlamydophila psittaci-negative ocular adnexal emzl. clonal ighv gene sequences were identified in 43 tumors originating from the orbit (19), conjunctivae (18) and lacrimal gland (6). forty four potentially functional clonal ighv gene sequences were d ...201122216179
psittacosis infection and tracheobronchomalacia in a patient undergoing thyroidectomy.a 34-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent total thyroidectomy with central and lateral lymphadenectomy. immediate airway compromise required re-intubation immediately after surgery. marked tracheal and bronchial collapse of greater than 50% of the lumen indicated tracheobronchomalacia. subsequent attempts at extubation failed over the next week. the patient soon developed evidence of a lower respiratory tract infection. empirical treatment with penicillins was unsuccessful. ...201122675091
recurrence of chlamydiasuis infection in pigs after short-term antimicrobial treatment.the effect of short-term antimicrobial treatment on natural excretion of chlamydia suis in rectal swabs and c. suis and chlamydophila psittaci in nasal swabs was investigated in 47 clinically normal piglets by quantitative real-time pcr. pigs were treated im with 4 mg/kg enrofloxacin for 5 days (n = 22) or 2.5mg/kg enrofloxacin for 3 days followed by 100mg/ml tiamulin (n = 25). antimicrobial treatment reduced the number of pigs positive for chlamydiae and the quantity of chlamydial dna in positi ...201120800518
functional interaction between type iii-secreted protein inca of chlamydophila psittaci and human g3bp1.chlamydophila (cp.) psittaci, the causative agent of psittacosis in birds and humans, is the most important zoonotic pathogen of the family chlamydiaceae. these obligate intracellular bacteria are distinguished by a unique biphasic developmental cycle, which includes proliferation in a membrane-bound compartment termed inclusion. all chlamydiaceae spp. possess a coding capacity for core components of a type iii secretion apparatus, which mediates specific delivery of anti-host effector proteins ...201121304914
[first evidence of chlamydophila psittaci circulation in colombia: a possible public health risk].to establish the seroprevalence of chlamydophila psittaci in birds of amazona spp genus and workers from some zoos and cavs (centers for attention and evaluation of wildlife) of colombia.201122030889
chlamydiaceae infections in pig.abstract: chlamydiaceae are gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria. they are responsible for a broad range of diseases in animals and humans. in pigs, chlamydia suis, chlamydia abortus, chlamydia pecorum and chlamydia psittaci have been isolated. chlamydiaceae infections in pigs are associated with different pathologies such as conjunctivitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, pseudo-membranous or necrotizing enteritis, periparturient dysgalactiae syndrome, vaginal di ...201121314912
disease transmission from companion parrots to dogs and cats: what is the real risk?a number of common misconceptions exist regarding the degree of transmission from companion parrots to dogs and cats. concern regarding bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic transmission is generally unfounded, because disease transmission between companion parrots and dogs and cats is not well-documented. infections with mycobacterium spp, aspergillus spp, giardia spp, chlamydophila psittaci, salmonella spp, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, cryptos ...201122041215
[malignant epibulbar tumours: new strategies in diagnostics and therapy.]in this article we discuss the complex diagnostic approaches and therapeutic options for the most important conjunctival malignancies. conjunctival melanoma can be a diagnostic challenge as it can be difficult to distinguish from benign melanocytic conjunctival tumours. complete surgical excision accompanied by a coherent adjuvant concept is the key for a curative therapy. moderate and severe conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasias (cin) are precancerous lesions and can progress to invasive squa ...201121487989
comparison of blood values and health status of floreana mockingbirds (mimus trifasciatus) on the islands of champion and gardner-by-floreana, galápagos islands.the floreana mockingbird (mimus trifasciatus) is one of the rarest bird species in the world, with an estimated 550 individuals remaining on two rocky islets off the coast of floreana, galápagos, ecuador, from which the main population was extirpated more than 100 yr ago. because they have been listed in critical danger of extinction, a plan to reintroduce this species to floreana has been initiated. determining the health status of the source mockingbird populations is a top priority within the ...201121270000
Development of a set of multiplex standard polymerase chain reaction assays for the identification of infectious agents from aborted bovine clinical samples.The current study describes the development of a set of 5 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection of abortive infection agents in bovine fetal tissues, including Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., and Campylobacter fetus (mPCR1); Hammondia heydorni, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii (mPCR2); Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila psittaci (mPCR3); Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum (mPCR4); and Bovine viral diarrhea virus ...201121908306
central nervous system marginal zone b-cell lymphoma associated with chlamydophila psittaci infection.extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphomas are linked to bacterial infections that vary according to the anatomical site. the occurrence of these lymphomas in the central nervous system is a very rare event, and the identification of specific bacteria in this setting has not been previously addressed. herein, we report for the first time a case of primary central nervous system marginal zone b-cell lymphoma involving the choroid plexus associated with chlamydophila psittaci infection. no concomit ...201121239044
chlamydia psittaci infection in nongastrointestinal extranodal malt lymphomas and their precursor lesions.extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) are associated with various infectious pathogens. we analyzed the presence of chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia trachomatis dna in 47 nongastrointestinal and 14 gastrointestinal malt lymphomas, 37 nonmalignant control samples, and 27 autoimmune precursor lesions by polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing. in 47 nongastrointestinal malt lymphomas, 13 (28%) were positive for c ...201121173126
chlamydia psittaci infection in canaries heavily infested by dermanyssus gallinae.dermanyssus gallinae is a haematophagous ectoparasite responsible for anemia, weight loss, dermatitis and a decrease in egg production. dermanyssus gallinae may play a role in the modulation of the host immune system, maybe predisposing the host to some bacterial infections such as chlamydiosis. this is an important zoonosis. humans are exposed to chlamydia psittaci through inhalation of the agent dispersed from the infected birds. in this study, a syndrome observed in an aviary of canaries was ...201121761223
estrella lausannensis, a new star in the chlamydiales order.originally, the chlamydiales order was represented by a single family, the chlamydiaceae, composed of several pathogens, such as chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia abortus. recently, 6 new families of chlamydia-related bacteria have been added to the chlamydiales order. most of these obligate intracellular bacteria are able to replicate in free-living amoebae. amoebal co-culture may be used to selectively isolate amoeba-resisting bacteria. this method a ...201121816232
genome sequences of the zoonotic pathogens chlamydia psittaci 6bc and cal10.chlamydia psittaci is a highly prevalent avian pathogen and a potentially lethal zoonosis, causing life-threatening pneumonia in humans. we report the genome sequences of c.psittaci 6bc, the prototype strain for the species, and c. psittaci cal10, a widely used laboratory strain.201121622741
correlation of chlamydia and chlamydophila spp. igg and igm antibodies by microimmunofluorescence with antigen detection methods.correlation of serologic titers for chlamydia trachomatis with other tests has been based on direct fluorescence antibody (dfa) testing and culture, but not on nucleic acid-based tests that are used for screening. we retrospectively reviewed the specificity of antibodies against c. trachomatis, chlamydia psittaci, and chlamydophila pneumoniae by microimmunofluorescence (mif) when compared with dfa, culture, nucleic acid probe, and transcription-mediated amplification. over a 6-year period, 226 c ...201121786334
chlamydia psittaci genetic variants differ in virulence by modulation of host immunity.background. psittacosis is a zoonosis caused by chlamydia psittaci and is characterized by severe pneumonia and systemic infection. we sought to determine the basis of the 1000-fold difference in lethal dose of 2 c. psittaci 6bc strains in mice. methods. genomes of the strains were sequenced. mice were infected intraperitoneally and the growth kinetics, immune responses, and pathology were compared. results. the 2 strains differed by the presence of a 7.5-kb plasmid in the attenuated strain and ...201121791668
complete genome sequences of four mammalian isolates of chlamydophila psittaci.chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen primarily of birds, but it is also known to infect a variety of mammalian species. here we report the genomes of four strains isolated from sheep (c19/98), pigs (01dc11), cattle (02dc15), and humans (08dc60).201121705611
isolation and characterization of peacock chlamydophila psittaci infection in china.the objective of this study was to isolate and identify suspected pathogens from peacocks and peacock farmers with severe pneumonia and to investigate its potential association with peacocks' pneumonia, caused by chlamydophila psittaci infection. a clinical examination of infected peacocks identified birds with symptoms of anorexia, weight loss, yellowish droppings, airsacculitis, sinusitis, and conjunctivitis, whereas the infected farmers showed high fever and respiratory distress. immunofluore ...201121500640
zoonotic transmission of chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery.chlamydia psittaci is an obligately intracellular gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in birds. c. psittaci is a zoonotic agent causing psittacosis or parrot fever in humans. vertical and/or horizontal transmission via eggs might have serious repercussions on the c. psittaci infection status of poultry flocks and thus on zoonotic risk for all workers along the poultry supply chain. we therefore studied the presence of c. psittaci in a hatch ...201121393457
full-length de novo sequence of the chlamydophila psittaci type strain, 6bc.chlamydophila psittaci is an obligate intracellular zoonotic pathogen, mainly of birds. it is the causative agent of psittacosis in birds and humans. here we report the full-length de novo genome sequence of the avian isolate 6bc, the type strain of the species c. psittaci.201121441521
identification, sequencing and molecular analysis of chp4, a novel chlamydiaphage of chlamydophila abortus belonging to the family microviridae.members of the family microviridae have been identified in a number of chlamydial species infecting humans (phage cpar39 in chlamydophila pneumoniae), other mammals (fcpg1 in chlamydophila caviae, chp2 in chlamydophila abortus and chp3 in chlamydophila pecorum) and birds (chp1 in chlamydophila psittaci). this study describes the identification and genome sequencing of chp4, an icosahedral, 4530 bp, ssdna phage in c. abortus. chp4 is predicted to contain eight orfs, six of which could be assigned ...201121450942
development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of anaplasma ovis.anaplasma ovis is an intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of small ruminants. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a nucleic acid detection method in which the target dna can be efficiently amplified with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions. in this study, a lamp method was developed for the specific detection of a. ovis, using lamp primers designed on the basis of the major surface protein 4 gene. lamp was performed at 65°c for 30 min. its specificity was ...201121471346
high frequency of chlamydial co-infections in clinically healthy sheep flocks.the epidemiological situation of ovine chlamydial infections in continental europe, especially germany is poorly characterised. using the german state of thuringia as a model example, the chlamydial sero- and antigen prevalence was estimated in thirty-two randomly selected sheep flocks with an average abortion rate lower than 1%. seven vaccinated flocks were reviewed separately.201121679409
Infectious agents associated with schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.Schizophrenia is a highly disabling and limiting disorder for patients and the possibility that infections by some microorganisms may be associated to its development may allow prevention and recovery. In the current study we have done a meta-analysis of studies that have assessed the possible association between detection of different infectious agents and schizophrenia. We report results that support the idea that there is a statistically significant association between schizophrenia and infec ...201122104141
chlamydia psittaci infection in nongastrointestinal malt lymphomas and their precursor lesions. 201121846923
Impact of urban environment and host phenotype on the epidemiology of Chlamydiaceae in feral pigeons (Columba livia).Chlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria found all over the world and known to cause various forms of disease in animals and humans. Urban pigeons are known to be an important reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci, the agent of human psittacosis. In this study, we examined the influence of pigeon houses used to regulate pigeon populations and of melanin-based coloration on several epidemiological parameters of Chlamydiaceae in 708 urban pigeons in Paris. We also identified speci ...201121933318
chlamydophila psittaci subclinical infection in chronic polyarthritis.recent evidence indicates that chlamydophila psittaci (cp) may establish chronic infections, which may promote autoimmunity and/or b cell lymphoproliferation.201122153301
seroepidemiologic survey for chlamydia suis in wild boar (sus scrofa) populations in italy.we used serology to estimate the prevalence of exposure to chlamydiae in italian populations of wild boars (sus scrofa). sera from 173 hunter-killed wild boars harvested during the 2006-2009 hunting seasons in three italian regions were tested for antibodies to chlamydia suis, chlamydophila pecorum, chlamydophila abortus, and chlamydophila psittaci by the microimmunofluorescence test. antibody titers to chlamydiae ôëñ 1:32 were detected in 110 of the 173 samples tested (63.6%). specific reactivi ...201121719838
prevalence of chlamydia psittaci in the feral pigeon population of basel, switzerland.feral pigeons (columba livia) are commonly infected with chlamydia psittaci, the agent of psittacosis in humans. to assess the zoonotic risk posed by feral pigeons in the urban environment, we examined the presence of the chlamydia psittaci outer membrane protein a (ompa) gene in pharyngeal and cloacal samples of 202 feral pigeons present in a loft in basel, switzerland. additionally, we examined 620 fresh faecal droppings of feral pigeons at 6 public sites in basel. the ompa gene of c. psittaci ...201121921110
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