Publications

human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: epidemiology and molecular biology.	human papillomaviruses (hpv) are known to cause cancers of the cervix and other anogenital tract sites. molecular biology has provided some evidence as to the specific mechanisms involved in the hpv-related carcinogenesis. epidemiologic and molecular biology studies have also suggested that hpv infection may be associated with cancers of the head and neck.	1998	9570632
prevalence, risk factors, and accuracy of cytologic screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with the human immunodeficiency virus.	the objective was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cervical cytology in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), risk factors for abnormal cytology in hiv-infected and uninfected women, and risk factors for histologic diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in hiv-infected women.	1998	9570972
molecular analysis of h2o2-induced senescent-like growth arrest in normal human fibroblasts: p53 and rb control g1 arrest but not cell replication.	human diploid fibroblasts lose the capacity to proliferate and enter a state termed replicative senescence after a finite number of cell divisions in culture. when treated with sub-lethal concentrations of h2o2, pre-senescent human fibroblasts enter long-term growth arrest resembling replicative senescence. to understand the molecular basis for the h2o2-induced growth arrest, we determined the cell cycle distribution, levels of p53 tumour suppressor and p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor prot ...	1998	9576849
dna-eia to detect high and low risk hpv genotypes in cervical lesions with e6/e7 primer mediated multiplex pcr.	oncogenicity of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in premalignant and malignant uterine cervical diseases is mainly induced by e6/e7 open reading frame (orf). the presence of an oncogenic hpv dna may be a diagnostic marker for the detection of cytologically negative smears.	1998	9577370
human papillomaviruses are commonly found in normal skin of immunocompetent hosts.	we have previously demonstrated, by the combined application of two degenerate polymerase chain reaction primer sets, the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in 91% of cutaneous squamous cell cancers from renal allograft recipients, with multiple types being present in one-third of these tumors. five hpv types--hpv 20, hpv 23, hpv 38, dl40, and dl267--accounted for 73% of positive results. these hpv types are all related to the epidermodysplasia verruciformis group, and hpv 38 was origina ...	1998	9579540
trends in seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 among pregnant women in stockholm, sweden, during 1969-1989.	to assess long-term trends in the prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey of the seroprevalence of the major oncogenic hpv type, hpv16, among 3,512 pregnant women undergoing population-based serological screening at the first trimester of pregnancy in the same catchment area in stockholm, sweden, during 1969, 1983 or 1989. the overall hpv16 seroprevalence rates were 16% in 1969, 22% in 1983 and 21% in 1989. seroprevalence was signif ...	1998	9579570
intracellular expression of a single-chain antibody directed against human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncoprotein achieves targeted antineoplastic effects.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) e7 is a viral oncoprotein that is believed to play a major role in cervical neoplasia. anti-hpv16 e7 intracellular single-chain antibodies (scfvs) were constructed to down-regulate hpv16 e7 oncoprotein in hpv dna-containing cell lines. in these studies, we transfected anti-e7 scfvs into the hpv16-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines caski and siha and tested them for their ability to inhibit cell proliferation and alter the level of hpv16 e7 oncoprote ...	1998	9581830
p53-dependent signaling sustains dna replication and enhances clonogenic survival in 254 nm ultraviolet-irradiated human fibroblasts.	the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(waf1/cip1/sdi1/cap20) exists in normal human fibroblasts in a quaternary complex with a cyclin, a cyclin-dependent kinase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. a model was proposed in which, during p53-mediated suppression of cell proliferation following treatment with 254 nm uv radiation (uvc), the enhanced expression of p21 might inhibit dna replication by virtue of its interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen. to test this model, we exa ...	1998	9581844
fixation conditions for dna and rna in situ hybridization: a reassessment of molecular morphology dogma.	neutral buffered formalin (nbf) (4% neutral buffered formaldehyde) has been advocated by most investigators as the primary fixative of choice for in situ hybridization (ish), and specific anecdotal cautions interdicting the use of precipitating fixatives, which otherwise may offer certain advantages such as superior nuclear detail, are common. few systematic studies addressing ish fixation conditions have been published. we reasoned that heavy metals present in some precipitating fixatives may c ...	1998	9422521
expression of human papillomavirus 6 in inverted papilloma arising in a renal transplant recipient.	a 36-year-old renal transplant recipient taking cyclosporin a presented with bilateral nasal polypoid lesions involving the nasal septum and lateral nasal walls. pathologic findings from surgical excision demonstrated inverted papilloma (ip) with focal atypia and mild dysplasia. dna extracted from the tissue was tested with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 and l1 consensus primers. this revealed amplification of the expected size fragment consistent with th ...	1998	9432079
inhibition of hpv-16 e6/e7 immortalization of normal keratinocytes by hairpin ribozymes.	hpv-16 e6 and e7 genes are required to efficiently immortalize a broad spectrum of cell types including cervical keratinocytes. therefore, the e6/e7 genes can be considered relevant targets for anti-cancer therapy. we produced several engineered hairpin (hp) ribozymes to specifically disrupt hpv-16 e6/e7 mrna. after extensive biochemical characterization, one anti-e6 hp ribozyme (r434) was selected for in vivo testing because of its superior catalytic capabilities. when expressed in cis, r434 ef ...	1998	9448307
recent advances in thin-layer cytology.	in recent years liquid-based cytology has emerged as an alternative to conventional cytopreparatory methods. in particular, the thinprep system has found broad acceptance in non-gynecologic cytopreparation. many laboratories have successfully applied this technique to body fluids (e.g. urine, pleural effusions), brushing samples (e.g. gastrointestinal tract, lung) and fine-needle aspiration. most comparative studies have shown the thinprep system to perform as well as or better than conventional ...	1998	9451555
human papillomavirus types 52 and 58.		1998	9455813
a distamycin a-inducible fragile site, fra8e, located in the region of the hereditary multiple exostoses gene, is not involved in hpv16 dna integration and amplification.	the rare fragile site is a specific point on a chromosome that is expressed as an isochromatid gap or break under certain conditions of cell culture and is inherited in a mendelian codominant fashion. five folate-sensitive fragile sites were cloned, and the molecular basis of fragile site mutation was shown to be a new class of mutation, called dynamic mutation, resulting from an allelic expansion of (ccg)n repeats. the mechanism responsible for other types of rare fragile sites, i.e., distamyci ...	1998	9460496
latest opportunistic infection prevention guidelines.	although people with hiv are living longer than ever before, they continue to suffer from infections that are associated with low t4-cell counts. the u.s. public health service (phs) and the infectious diseases society of america (idsa) have updated the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections, including their positions on when prophylaxis is indicated. summaries are given for preventing the following infections: cytomegalovirus (cmv), cryptosporidiosis, fungal infections, human papill ...	1998	11365000
anal cancer in chinese: human papillomavirus infection and altered expression of p53.	aim:to detect the presence of hpv dna and study the alteration of p53 expression in anal cancers in chinese.methods:hpv dna was amplified by pcr.the amplified hpv dna was classified by dbh. hpv antigen and p53 expression were respectively detected by immunohistochemistry.results:hpv dna was amplified only in one case of squamous cell carcinoma of the 72 chinese anal cancers and further classified as hpv type 16. others were all hpv negative. hpv antigen and p53 expression were also detected in t ...	1998	11819303
viruses and human cancer.	several kinds of viruses cause cancer in humans, accounting for 10-20% of cancer worldwide. human cancer viruses include human papillomavirus, hepatitis b virus, epstein-barr virus, human t cell lymphotropic virus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. cancer viruses alter the machinery of the infected cell to promote their own survival and growth. in the process, they interfere with normal cellular control mechanisms, leading to abnormal growth, genetic alterations and malignancy. studie ...	1998	10093516
basal cell carcinoma of the genitalia.	basal cell carcinomas (bcc) arising on the genitalia are exceedingly rare with an unclear pathogenesis.	1998	9865204
specific expression of epstein-barr virus in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas from heart transplant recipients.	we investigated a swedish group of 114 immunosuppressed cardiac allograft patients for the occurrence of posttransplant cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. a total of 15 tumors were detected in specimens from 5 patients.	1998	9869095
detection of human papillomavirus types in cervical adenocarcinoma by the polymerase chain reaction.	to determine the human papillomavirus (hpv) types in cervical adenocarcinoma of patients from taiwan.	1998	9989896
a two-tier polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing method for detecting and typing human papillomaviruses in pathological specimens.	an in-house polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing (pcr-ds) approach for hpv detection and typing was developed, taking advantage of two widely used pairs of human papillomavirus (hpv)-specific pcr primers, my09/my11 and gp5/gp6, and 33p-labeled dideoxynucleotides. in this study, 105 pathological specimens were examined: 89% were diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grade i-iii, 76.2% were hpv-positive by pcr-ds. the pcr using gp5/gp6 (first tier) and my09/my11 primers (sec ...	1998	10207670
expression patterns of the human papillomavirus type 16 transcription factor e2 in low- and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	specific antibodies against the c-terminus of e2, produced by affinity purification of polyclonal antisera, have been used to identify the cellular populations which express the hpv 16 e2 transcription factor, in a series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical tissues. cases were selected for both the presence of hpv 16 dna (confirmed by multiple gene-specific pcr detections) and the presence of multiple grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the data indicate that e2 express ...	1998	10211116
[study of human papillomavirus via chemiluminescence technic and polymerase chain reaction in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder].	the exact ethiology of bladder carcinoma isn't yet known; an implication of human papillomavirus (hpv) has been recently hypothesized.	1998	10220998
anogenital human papilloma virus and the problem of persistence.	it has been known since antiquity that genital warts (condylomata acuminata) are a sexually transmitted disease. since the late 1970s it has become increasingly clear that infections by the same virus, human papilloma virus (hpv) are closely implicated in the aetiology of anogenital squamous cell carcinomas and in their precursors, known as dysplasia, intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) or squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil). the natural history of these cancer precursors is characterised by regr ...	1998	10387956
imiqimod in clinical practice.	imiquimod 5% cream is a new compound which modifies the immune response by stimulating the production of interferon alpha and other cytokines. it has shown remarkable promise in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts when applied overnight, three times a week. it is also associated with a lower recurrence than those found with other current treatments. this paper reviews two of the pivotal multi-centre studies which confirm its efficacy in human papilloma virus (hpv) infections. th ...	1998	10387959
[the application of the polymerase chain reaction technic for the detection of human papillomavirus sequences].	the polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to detect sequences of human papillomavirus (hpv) by controls of cellular lines of cervical cancer and of tissues obtained through biopsy with a hpv-positive clinical diagnosis. a set of consensus oligonucleotides, which are complementary to a highly conserved region within the open reading frame e1 of the viral genome of hpv affecting the cervical mucosa, was used. with these primers it was possible to amplify dna sequences corresponding to hp ...	1998	10349442
[cloning transforming genes from human papillomavirus type 18].	nucleotide sequences of type 18 human papilloma virus genes e6 and e7 inserted in human dna cloned from cervical tumor are determined. the resultant sequences are compared to the prototype variant. five point mutations not leading to replacement of amino acid residues in polypeptide chain and 1 substituting the amino acid in codon 129 are detected in gene e6 sequence. in e7 sequence, one significant mutation in codon 92 is detected. both substitutions of asparagine for lysine are localized in th ...	1998	10488529
detection of the e7 transform gene of human papilloma virus type 16 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma.	to determine, with the use of polymerase chain reaction, the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 in 30 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) and 30 healthy control patients.	1998	10557171
an aggressive and invasive growth of juvenile papillomas involving the total respiratory tract.	a malignant course of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis has rarely been reported. in the present case the patient had had laryngeal papillomas since the age of three years. the papillomas gradually spread to the entire respiratory system, and during 30 years the patient was operated on more than 80 times. at present an invasive tumour spreading from the tongue into the parapharyngeal space, extending to the cranial base, has been demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (mri). intralesional th ...	1998	10197157
the proliferative properties of tumor cells differentially correlate with the host immune responses in anogenital bowen's disease.	bowen's disease is a squamous cell carcinoma in situ that rarely invades into the underlying dermis. in order to evaluate the relationship between the cytological properties of the tumor cells and the host immune response, we have examined the expression of p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna), and the number of mitotic cells, clumping cells, koilocytes, langerhans cells (lcs) and dermal lymphoid cell infiltration in 18 cases of anogenital bowen's disease. when compared with normal ...	1998	10342748
human papillomavirus and human cytomegalovirus dnas presence in patients suspected of condylomatosis or papillomatosis.	17 samples of total cell dna isolated from cervical smears from women suspected of condyloma or papilloma were analysed by pcr with appropriate primers, in order to establish the presence of viral dnas (hpv and/or hcmv). hpv dna was found in seven cases, and so was for hcmv dna. only in three cases a coinfection was present. the rflp allowed to specify the involvement of hpv6 in 3 cases suspected of condyloma and in one suspected of papilloma; the other three hpv positive samples had another gen ...	1998	10892429
[detection of human papillomavirus infection in cervical pap smears by computer-assisted cytologic test].	the sensitivity and accuracy of cytologic computer-assisted test (cct) in diagnosis of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in cervical pap smear were evaluated.	1998	10682433
[the evaluation of computer cytological test with colposcopy for the diagnosis of cervical lesions].	to assess the value of computer cytological test (cct) with colposcopy for the diagnosis of early cervical diseases.	1998	10682434
[a study on the relationship between hpv infection and the oncogenesis of primary squamous carcinoma of the lung.].	to research the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and the oncogenesis of primary squamous carcinoma of the lung.	1998	20863461
vulvar neoplasia and search for human papillomavirus 16 and 18 genetic information. short communication.	the presence of hpv 16 and 18 is frequent in cases with vulvar carcinomas and intraepithelial neoplasias.	1999	10668162
correlation between human papillomavirus-associated cervical cancer and p53 codon 72 arginine/proline polymorphism.	high-risk mucosal human papillomaviruses encode an e6 oncoprotein, which binds the cellular p53 tumor suppressor protein, thereby marking it for degradation through the ubiquitin-mediated pathway. a common p53 polymorphism at codon-72 of exon 4 results in translation to either arginine or proline. recently reported data suggested an increased susceptibility to e6/ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the arg72-p53 isoform and an over-representation of the homozygous arg72-p53 genotype in cervical ca ...	1999	10647890
laryngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: hpv is absent in the majority of laryngeal carcinomas.	thirty laryngeal carcinomas from patients without pre-existing laryngeal papillomatosis were examined by pcr for the presence of hpv dna. the utmost care was taken during sectioning of the tissue blocks and dna-extraction in order to avoid false positive results. three pairs of consensus primers were used: my9/my11, gp5+/gp6+ and cpi/cpii. hpv was detected in 1/30 carcinomas. the hpv type present could not be determined, but it was not type 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 35 or 45. in other studi ...	1999	10656604
transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf beta 1) down-regulates expression and function of proliferation-inducing molecules in hpv-transformed cells.	the epidemiologic association of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with dysplasia and cervical cancer is well established. transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf beta 1) is a growth inhibitory protein for epithelial cells. to examine the phenotype of hpv-transformed cells, we examined expression of tgf beta 1 and a number of cellular proliferation-enhancing molecules which are known to be regulated by tgf beta 1, including bcl-2, c-jun and nfkb. previous studies had identified significant ind ...	1999	10697499
hpv testing in the evaluation of the minimally abnormal papanicolaou smear.	minor cytologic abnormalities of the cervix, such as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus), are vastly more common than high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or invasive cancer. current guidelines for the management of ascus include repeating the papanicolaou (pap) smear at specific intervals, referring all patients for colposcopy or using an adjunctive test such as hybrid capture human papillomavirus (hpv) testing or cervicography. the usefulness of the pap smear is ...	1999	10348071
biological behavior and etiology of inflammatory cervical smears.	two hundred and fifty-seven consecutive women attending a major maternal and child health (mch) center were studied clinically, colposcopically, cytologically, and microbiologically for different gynecologic infections. out of 257 cases, 207 (80.5%) had inflammatory cervical smears, of which 183 (88.4%) were infected with one or more genital tract infections. bacterial vaginosis (risk, 22.6-fold), chlamydia (risk, 21.6-fold), and human papillomavirus (hpv) (risk, 13.5-fold) were independently as ...	1999	10204101
a human papillomavirus e2 transcriptional activator. the interactions with cellular splicing factors and potential function in pre-mrna processing.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) e2 protein plays an important role in transcriptional regulation of viral genes as well as in viral dna replication. unlike most types of hpv, the e2 protein of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev)-associated hpvs harbors a relatively long hinged region between the terminal, conserved transactivation and dna binding/dimerization domains. the sequence of ev-hpv e2 hinge contains multiple arginine/serine (rs) dipeptide repeats which are characteristic of a family of ...	1999	10207001
ultrastructural study of intranuclear inclusion bodies of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.	intranuclear inclusion bodies are sometimes observed in pulmonary adenocarcinoma by light microscopy. electron microscopic characteristics of lung cancer cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies were studied. in addition, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed using primers coding for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16, 18, and 33. eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in 22 out of 285 cases by light microscopy. immunohistochemically, cancer cell nuclei stained with pe ...	1999	10626688
genital infection with human papillomavirus (hpv)		1999	10627183
[experimental investigations and clinical use of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the rudolf foundation hospital].	this article addresses experimental investigations and the clinical use of pdt in the rudolfstiftung hospital, vienna. we investigated mesotetrahydroxyphenylchlorine (mthpc) and the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative alone or in combination to prove photodynamic antibacterial effects on staphylococcus aureus (wild type). mthpc showed antibacterial toxicity in the dark; hematoporphyrin derivative showed suppressive growth effects only after white-light illumination. photodynamic activity ...	1999	10629388
high prevalence of human papillomaviruses in the normal oral cavity of adults.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in the normal oral cavity was studied by the sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers for the l1 region of human papillomavirus dna and high fidelity amplification system. cells were scraped from the oral mucosae of 7 (mean age; 42 years) and 30 (mean age; 32 years) volunteers with and without skin warts, respectively. human papillomavirus dna was detected in 30/37 (81.1%) specimens and their copy numbers per cell were 10(-1) to 10(-4) (mean, 1 ...	1999	10551162
human papillomavirus in squamous metaplastic epithelium with dysplasia of the epididymis detected by pcr method.		1999	10555017
[antibody toward human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) l1-capsids].		1999	10635835
detection and typing of human papillomavirus dna by pcr using consensus primers in various cervical lesions of korean women.	the association between cervical cancers and human papillomavirus (hpv) is now well established. to estimate the extent of infection with common hpvs among korean women, we have examined 224 cervical scrapes of various cervical lesions. detection and typing of hpvs were done by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using consensus primers followed by restriction enzyme digestion and pcr using type-specific primers. the prevalence of total hpv infection in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplas ...	1999	10642935
capture elisa and in vitro cell binding assay for the detection of antibodies to human papillomavirus type 6b virus-like particles in patients with anogenital warts.	to investigate human papillomavirus (hpv) virus-like particle (vlp)-specific antibody responses among anogenital warts patients, a vlp-based capture elisa was established. twenty-six percent (35/134) of control subjects and 50.0% (39/78) of patients with current anogenital warts showed igg seropositivity to hpv 6b vlps. hpv 6b vlp-specific antibody responses recognised native vlps only, and had no cross-reaction with hpv type 16 vlps. no differences in reactivity were observed between l1 and l1 ...	1999	10643018
expression of human papillomavirus e7 mrna in human oral and cervical neoplasia and cell lines.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been strongly linked to progression of human cancers, such as cervical and oral cancers. two hpv oncoproteins, e6 and e7, can inhibit the tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and prb, respectively, resulting in a deregulation of the cell cycle. in order to further test the significance of hpv expression in oral and cervical carcinogenesis, we analyzed hpv e7 mrna in oral and cervical neoplasia and cell lines by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ...	1999	10645408
detection of adeno-associated virus in human semen: does viral infection play a role in the pathogenesis of male infertility?	to evaluate the occurrence of adeno-associated virus (aav) dna and/or human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in the semen of infertile men as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of male infertility.	1999	10560983
genital human papillomavirus infection among women recruited for routine cervical cancer screening or for colposcopy determined by hybrid capture ii and polymerase chain reaction.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of the hybrid capture (hc)-ii system for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna to identify women at risk of progression to high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hgsil) and carcinomas by differentiating low risk (lr) hpv types (6, 11, 42, 43, 44) and high/intermediate risk (hr) hpv types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68). five hundred and ninety-six women were enrolled in the study. among them, 466 atte ...	1999	10565688
pcr-rflp-detected human papilloma virus infection in a group of senegalese women attending an std clinic and identification of a new hpv-68 subtype.	cancer of the cervix is the most common malignant tumor among women in africa and, in particular, senegal. studies of the prevalence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in africa have mainly focused on carcinomas. data on the presence of the virus in women with normal cervical cytology are scarce. in this study, 158 cytologically normal women who had been referred to the 'institut pasteur de dakar' (senegal) for various genital complaints were investigated for the presence of hpv on exfolia ...	1999	10567840
favorable clinical outcome of cervical cancers infected with human papilloma virus type 58 and related types.	to determine whether the status of human-papillomavirus (hpv) infection affects the clinical outcome of cervical carcinoma (cc), hpv genotype was prospectively determined in 94 consecutive cc cases subsequently followed for a median duration of 37.5 months. with a consensus pcr-rflp method of hpv genotyping, 81 (86.2%) cancers were positive for hpv dna. they were classified, according to the phylogenic similarities, into hpv-16-related (type 16, n = 45; type 31, n = 2), hpv-58-related (type 58, ...	1999	10567897
penile cancer among patients with genital lichen sclerosus.	genital lichen sclerosus (ls) has sporadically been reported to be associated with penile squamous cell carcinoma (scc).	1999	10570372
low levels of serum vitamins a and e in blood and subsequent risk for cervical cancer: interaction with hpv seropositivity.	nutritional factors have been associated with risk of cervical cancer, but it is unclear whether the associations are of etiological significance or secondary to human papillomavirus (hpv) exposure. a delineation of this question requires a prospective study with invasive cancer as the end point. we conducted a nested case-control study in finland and sweden within a joint cohort of 405,000 women followed up for, on average, 4 years. blood samples from 38 prospective cases of invasive cervical c ...	1999	10578492
serological evidence for protection by human papillomavirus (hpv) type 6 infection against hpv type 16 cervical carcinogenesis.	human papillomavirus (hpv) exists as more than 100 genotypes. it is not well-established whether the different hpv types interfere with infection or pathogenesis by each other. possible interactions in cervical carcinogenesis between infection with the most common hpv types (6, 11, 16, 18 and 33) were studied in a seroepidemiological case- control study of 218 women with primary untreated cervical cancer and 219 healthy age-matched control women. as previously shown, hpv-16 seropositivity was as ...	1999	10580926
serum carotenoids and vitamins and risk of cervical dysplasia from a case-control study in japan.	the relationships between risk of cervical dysplasia and dietary and serum carotenoids and vitamins were investigated in a case-control study. cases were 156 women who attended papanicolaou test screening in nine institutes affiliated with japan study group of human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical cancer and had cervical dysplasia newly histologically confirmed. age-matched controls were selected from women with normal cervical cytology attending the same clinic. blood sample and cervical exfo ...	1999	10584887
magnesium ions enhance the transfer of human papillomavirus e2 protein from non-specific to specific binding sites.	the human papillomavirus 16 e2 protein binds to four specific dna sequences present within the hpv 16 genome and regulates viral gene expression and dna replication. however, the e2 protein can also bind tightly to non-specific dna sequences. here, we show that in binding reactions which contain an excess of non-specific dna, magnesium ions enhance the binding of e2 to its specific sites. in contrast, in the absence of non-specific dna, magnesium ions have no effect on the binding of e2 to speci ...	1999	10588894
the human papillomavirus type 16 e5 protein modulates phospholipase c-gamma-1 activity and phosphatidyl inositol turnover in mouse fibroblasts.	the human papillomavirus type 16 e5 (hpv16-e5) protein is a membrane protein that has been associated with malignant growth. the protein affects growth factor-mediated signal transduction in a ligand-dependent manner. we show now that e5 expression in a31 fibroblasts results in an increased level of diacylglycerol (dag) and inositol phosphates. immunoprecipitation of phospholipase c-gamma-1 (plc-gamma-1) with specific antibodies and immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies reveal a la ...	1999	10597278
impaired nucleotide excision repair in uv-irradiated human oral keratinocytes immortalized with type 16 human papillomavirus genome.	we previously reported that 'high risk' human papillomaviruses (hpv) induce genetic instability in human oral keratinocytes. to understand the mechanisms of hpv-induced genetic instability, we determined the nucleotide excision repair (ner) capacity of normal (nhok) and human papillomavirus type-16 immortalized oral keratinocytes (hok-16b) by strand-specific removal of uv-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (cpds) from a 16 kb fragment of the p53 gene. in nhok the ner activity was initiated in ...	1999	10597299
synthesis of ifn-gamma by cd8(+) t cells is preserved in hiv-infected women with hpv-related cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions.	the aim of this study was to investigate whether coinfection with hiv affects the synthesis of th1 and th2 cytokines by peripheral blood t cells of women infected with human papillomavirus (hpv).	1999	10600293
naturally occurring, nonregressing canine oral papillomavirus infection: host immunity, virus characterization, and experimental infection.	papillomaviruses occasionally cause severe, nonregressing or recurrent infections in their human and animal hosts. the mechanisms underlying these atypical infections are not known. canine oral papillomavirus (copv) typically regresses spontaneously and is an important model of mucosal human papillomavirus infections. a severe, naturally occurring, nonregressing copv infection provided an opportunity to investigate some aspects of viral pathogenicity and host immunity. in this case, the papillom ...	1999	10600607
human papillomavirus and the risk of cervical cancer.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is now recognized as the driving force behind the dysregulation of the cell cycle that underlies cervical malignant transformation. although nearly all cervical cancers contain hpv genomes, the vast majority of hpvs are not oncogenic but merely induce benign lesions. because progressive abnormalities take at least a decade to develop into invasive cancers, young women with low-grade lesions can often be managed with watchful waiting rather than ablative therapy.	1999	10616548
dwarfism and dysregulated proliferation in mice overexpressing the myc antagonist mad1.	the four members of the mad family are bhlhzip proteins that heterodimerize with max and act as transcriptional repressors. the switch from myc-max complexes to mad-max complexes has been postulated to couple cell-cycle arrest with differentiation. the ectopic expression of mad1 in transgenic mice led to early postnatal lethality and dwarfism and had a profound inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the hematopoietic cells and embryonic fibroblasts derived from these animals. compared to wild ...	1999	10616903
new method for automatic identification identification and typing of single and multiple superimposed human papillomavirus sequences.	this study of specimens of human papillomaviruses (hpv) through hpv-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr), followed by direct sequencing, resulted in 11% (38/354) superimposed hpv sequences, signifying coinfection with more than one hpv type. to address the diagnostic problem that these superimposed ("degenerated," overlapping) sequences pose, the authors created a papillomavirus database in microsoft excel (microsoft corporation, redmond, wa, u.s.a.) and corel quattro pro 9 (corel corporatio ...	1999	10617279
human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 detection in the management of mild dyskaryosis.	to determine if semi-quantitative human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 detection by polymerase chain reaction can increase the sensitivity and specificity of repeat cytology alone for underlying high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin).	1999	10492111
are benign cellular changes on a papanicolaou smear really benign? a prospective cohort study.	to determine the underlying prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in women with benign cellular changes on a papanicolaou smear, and to evaluate follow-up strategies to identify women at high risk for serious underlying pathology.	1999	10500518
a broad range of human papillomavirus types detected with a general pcr method suitable for analysis of cutaneous tumours and normal skin.	a pair of degenerate pcr primers (fap59/64) was designed from two relatively conserved regions of the l1 open reading frame of most human papillomaviruses (hpv). the size of the generated amplicon was about 480 bp. pcr using these primers was found capable of amplifying dna from 87% (65/75) of the hpv types tested, its sensitivity being 1-10 copies for hpv-5, -20 and -30 clones. hpv was found in 63% (5/8) of tumour samples and in 63% (5/8) of normal skin biopsies from patients with various cutan ...	1999	10501499
transcription-modulatory activities of differentially spliced cdnas encoding the e2 protein of human papillomavirus type 16.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 expresses a variety of alternatively spliced polycistronic mrnas encoding the e2 transcription-regulatory protein. these mrnas initiate at the p97 promoter and contain the 880/2708 (a-type), 880/2581 (a'-type) and 226/2708 (d-type) splice sites upstream from the e2 open reading frame (orf). recent studies investigating the translational capacities of partial cdnas representing three of these mrnas indicated their abilities to function in e2 protein translation, ...	1999	10501502
establishment of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) life cycle in an immortalized human foreskin keratinocyte cell line.	the study of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in cell culture has been hindered because of the difficulty in recreating the three-dimensional structure of the epithelium on which the virus depends to complete its life cycle. additionally, the study of genetic mutations in the hpv genome and its effects on the viral life cycle are difficult using the current method of transfecting molecularly cloned hpv genomes into early-passage human foreskin keratinocytes (hfks) because of the limited life span o ...	1999	10502513
screening for cancer: future potential.	much progress has been made in cancer screening over the past decade, but a great deal more needs to be done if screening is to make a major impact on worldwide cancer mortality. where fully implemented, cytological screening for cervical precursor lesions has had a major impact on mortality. however, the cost and required infrastructure levels are high, and new approaches are needed if screening is to be effective in the developing world. testing for the human papillomavirus and automated liqui ...	1999	10505025
detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) in laryngeal carcinoma cell lines provides evidence for a heterogeneic cell population.	the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) has been studied in laryngeal carcinomas with contradictory results. to evaluate the causal relationship between hpv infection and epithelial malignancies of the larynx, 27 laryngeal carcinoma cell lines from 22 patients were studied. also, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of the original tumours were available from 12 patients. first, southern blot hybridisation (sbh) was used for the analysis of 18 cell lines and 12 original tumour sections were studied b ...	1999	10505045
the promoter of a novel human papillomavirus (hpv77) associated with skin cancer displays uv responsiveness, which is mediated through a consensus p53 binding sequence.	an aetiological role has been proposed for human papillomavirus (hpv) in skin carcinogenesis within the immunosuppressed patient population. to examine this possibility, we have focused on an hpv type that, to date, has been identified only in the cutaneous lesions of renal transplant recipients despite a high degree of sequence homology with other hpvs commonly found in warts in the general population. we report that the non-coding region of this virus, hpv type 77, contains a consensus binding ...	1999	10508168
molecular analysis of resistance to interferon in patients with laryngeal papillomatosis.	although interferon (ifn)-alpha has been used successfully as an adjuvant therapy in laryngeal papillomatosis, some patients are resistant to this treatment. in order to know which patients will benefit from the therapy, we have tried to find a relationship between the ifn response and the viral and host parameters in the lesion. detection of viral type and copy numbers by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) showed that all patients infected with human papillomavirus (hpv)-11 were sensitive to the t ...	1999	10515680
nasal immunization of mice with human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) virus-like particles or with the hpv-16 l1 gene elicits specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in vaginal draining lymph nodes.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) infects the genital tract and is closely associated with the development of cervical cancer. hpv-16 initiates infection at the genital mucosal surface; thus, mucosal immune responses are likely to contribute to defense against hpv-16 infection. however, little information is available regarding the induction of immune responses in the genital tract mucosa. in this study, we evaluated the potential of intranasally administered papillomavirus vaccines to elici ...	1999	10516012
comparison of variant-specific hybridization and single-strand conformational polymorphism methods for detection of mixed human papillomavirus type 16 variant infections.	pcr-based variant-specific hybridization (vsh) and single-strand conformational polymorphism (sscp) analyses were compared for their capacities to detect mixed human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) variant infections within clinical specimens. the sscp assay used in this comparison targets a 682-bp fragment that spans nucleotides 7445 to 222 within the hpv-16 genome. this fragment includes portions of the hpv-16 long control region and the e6 open reading frame and identifies three categories of ...	1999	10523565
comparative response of normal and of human papillomavirus-16 immortalized human epithelial cervical cells to benzo[a]pyrene.	laboratory evidence suggests synergism of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with cigarette smoking behaviors in enhancing the risk of cervical cancer. in this preliminary investigation, we tested the hypothesis that hpv infection may alter the metabolic activation of tobacco smoke carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p), thereby playing a role in the etiology of cervical cancer. we examined in vitro the metabolism and dna adduct formation of [3h]b[a]p in normal and hpv-16 immortalized hum ...	1999	10523714
[the role of oncogenic human papillomaviruses in tonsillar squamous cell carcinomas with functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein].	in order to identify squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (hnscc) with common biological and clinical features, we investigated the incidence and properties of carcinomas lacking retinoblastoma protein (pr6) cell cycle control. of 208 hnscc investigated, 23 (11%) showed a lack of prb expression. the majority of these tumors (65%) were tonsillar carcinomas. the prb-negative tonsillar tumors were all stage iv, had metastasized to lymph nodes at the time of diagnosis and were in general po ...	1999	10525608
application of homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (htrftm) to monitor poly-ubiquitination of wild-type p53.	rapid degradation of wild-type p53 in the human uterine cervix is induced by the infection of high-risk human papilloma virus (hpv) types 16 and 18. hpv-e6 protein plays a critical role in the poly-ubiquitination of wild-type p53 by mediating the association of p53 with e6-associated protein (e6ap). as a result, the poly-ubiquitinated p53 is rapidly and selectively degraded by the 26s proteasome. we have established a high throughput assay system to monitor poly-ubiquitination of wild-type p53 u ...	1999	10539989
aetiological parallel between tonsillar and anogenital squamous-cell carcinomas.	patients with human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated anogenital cancers had a 4.3-fold increased risk of tonsillar squamous-cell carcinoma. these cancer types also have histopathological and molecular biological similarities. thus hpv may be aetiologically important in tonsillar carcinogenesis.	1999	10543674
hpv 16 e6 blocks tnf-mediated apoptosis in mouse fibroblast lm cells.	the interaction between hosts and the viruses that infect them is a dynamic one, and a growing literature documents the fact that many viruses have developed mechanisms designed to avoid elimination by the host immune system. one of the immune strategies used by the host and targeted by virus proteins is apoptosis triggered by the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (tnf). mouse fibroblast lm cells are spontaneously sensitive to tnf. when the wild-type e6 protein from the human papillomavirus type 16 ...	1999	10544129
seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 in pregnant women.	to determine the seroprevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 capsid antibodies in a large cohort of pregnant women.	1999	10546705
screening for squamous intraepithelial lesions with fluorescence spectroscopy.	to evaluate the accuracy of fluorescence spectroscopy in screening for squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) and to compare its performance with that of papanicolaou smear screening, colposcopy, cervicoscopy, cervicography, and human papillomavirus (hpv) testing.	1999	10546779
comèl-netherton syndrome complicated by papillomatous skin lesions containing human papillomaviruses 51 and 52 and plane warts containing human papillomavirus 16.	we describe a 28-year-old woman with characteristic clinical signs of comèl-netherton syndrome (cns) who showed numerous plane warts on her face and forearms and papillomatous skin tumours affecting her groins and genitoanal skin. using human papillomavirus (hpv) type-specific primers for cutaneous and mucosal hpv types we identified hpv 16-specific sequences in plane warts and hpv 51- and hpv 52-specific dna in papillomatous skin from the patient's groins, suggesting a pathogenetic role (cofact ...	1999	10354085
induction of human papillomavirus-specific cd4(+) and cd8(+) lymphocytes by e7-pulsed autologous dendritic cells in patients with human papillomavirus type 16- and 18-positive cervical cancer.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 (hpv 16) and hpv type 18 (hpv 18) are implicated in the induction and progression of the majority of cervical cancers. since the e6 and e7 oncoproteins of these viruses are expressed in these lesions, such proteins might be potential tumor-specific targets for immunotherapy. in this report, we demonstrate that recombinant, full-length e7-pulsed autologous dendritic cells (dc) can elicit a specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response against autologous ...	1999	10364287
the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 gene alone is sufficient to induce carcinomas in transgenic animals.	high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the causative agents of certain human cancers. hpv type 16 (hpv16) is the papillomavirus most frequently associated with cervical cancer in women. the e6 and e7 genes of hpv are expressed in cells derived from these cancers and can transform cells in tissue culture. animal experiments have demonstrated that e6 and e7 together cause tumors. we showed previously that e6 and e7 together or e7 alone could induce skin tumors in mice when these genes were ex ...	1999	10364340
detection of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 in pubic and perianal hair from patients with genital warts.	genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6 and 11 are of clinical importance due to their role in the development of anogenital warts. a pilot study was performed to investigate whether dnas from hpv types 6 and 11 are present in hairs plucked from the pubic and perianal regions and eyebrows of patients with genital warts at present and patients with a recent history of genital warts. genital hpv dna was detected in 9 of 25 (36%) pubic hair samples and in 11 of 22 (50%) perianal hair samples by ...	1999	10364596
human papilloma virus dna detection in oral lesions in the greek population.	hpvs (human papilloma viruses) are small dna "epitheliotropic" viruses, implicated in cervical carcinogenesis, particularly the "high-oncogenic-risk" types hpv-16 and hpv-18. data concerning oral carcinogenesis are however, contradictory. we examined the presence of hpv and subsequently hpv-16 and hpv-18 in 102 specimens of paraffin-embedded oral tissue blocks--81 oral squamous cell carcinomas and 21 oral hyperplasias--using pcr technique followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. our results demo ...	1999	10365111
response to il-6 of hpv-18 cervical carcinoma cell lines.	the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) upstream regulatory region (urr) controls cell type-specific expression of the viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. the hpv-18 urr is active in the cervical carcinoma cell line hela but inactive in the hepatoma cell line hepg2. c/ebpss (nf-il-6) was shown to participate as an important regulator in hpv transcription dependent on the cell type. the finding that c/epbss is critical for hpv-18 urr activity and that c/epbss is induced by il-6 offers the opportunity ...	1999	10366571
oral vaccination of mice with human papillomavirus virus-like particles induces systemic virus-neutralizing antibodies.	to assess whether oral vaccination against human papillomavirus (hpv) may be feasible, we administered hpv virus-like particles (vlps) to mice by gavage. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) results indicated that serum anti-vlp immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibodies were induced after oral vaccination, and these responses demonstrated antigenic specificities that were conformationally dependent and restricted according to hpv genotype. importantly, orally induced postimmune sera were fo ...	1999	10367945
pap smears: screening, interpretation, treatment.	cervical cancer remains an important public health problem in the united states. cervical dysplasia and rarely carcinoma in situ can occur during adolescence, especially in adolescents who become sexually active with multiple partners or who have been exposed to hpv, especially types 16 and 18. papanicolaou smear is recommended for any adolescent who has ever been sexually active or exposed to human papillomavirus or is 18 years of age. this article discusses the new classification systems for c ...	1999	10370708
advances in the diagnosis and treatment of human papillomavirus infections.	during the past decade, much has been learned about the natural history of hpv. most infections occur early in one's sexual life. the overwhelming majority of infections are cleared by the host immune system and never present as warts or neoplasia. certain patient behavior such as smoking, frequent sex with many different partners, other std infections, especially hiv, and immune-suppressive drugs promote hpv expression and cause persistent infection. persistent hpv infection is very strongly re ...	1999	10370842
a matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus dna, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy.	to compare the prevalence and type of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in the genital tract of human-immunodeficiency-virus- (hiv) seropositive and -seronegative women matched for cytology and to examine prospectively the relationship of hpv dna, colposcopic findings and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) in these matched seropositive and seronegative cohorts.	1999	10371475
activation of rna polymerase iii transcription in cells transformed by simian virus 40.	rna polymerase (pol) iii transcription is abnormally active in fibroblasts that have been transformed by simian virus 40 (sv40). this report presents evidence that two separate components of the general pol iii transcription apparatus, tfiiib and tfiiic2, are deregulated following sv40 transformation. tfiiic2 subunits are expressed at abnormally high levels in sv40-transformed cells, an effect which is observed at both protein and mrna levels. in untransformed fibroblasts, tfiiib is subject to r ...	1999	10373542
detection of human papilloma virus and epstein-barr virus dna in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction.	nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) is an unique epithelial malignancy which occurs at a high frequency in certain regions of southeast asia. human papilloma virus (hpv) and epstein-barr virus (ebv) have both been identified in tissue specimens from npc. nevertheless, the association between viral infection and npc remains unclear. the purpose of this study was to demonstrate that simultaneous infection with ebv and hpv can occur in npc. eighty-eight fresh tissue samples which contained sufficient an ...	1999	10375867
evaluation of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.	to investigate the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the coexistence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.	1999	10376431
the nature of the attenuation of salmonella typhimurium strains expressing human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles determines the systemic and mucosal antibody responses in nasally immunized mice.	we have recently shown by using a recombinant salmonella typhimurium phopc strain in mice the feasibility of using a salmonella-based vaccine to prevent infection by the genital human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16). here, we compare the hpv16-specific antibody responses elicited by nasal immunization with recombinant s. typhimurium strains harboring attenuations that, in contrast to phopc, are suitable for human use. for this purpose, chi4989 (deltacya deltacrp) and chi4990 [deltacya delta(crp-c ...	1999	10377159
[transformation of immortalized rat embryonic fibroblasts by the e7 gene of human type 16 papillomavirus].		1999	10377575
rapid dna mutation identification and fingerprinting using base excision sequence scanning.	base excision sequence scanning (bess) is a new polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based mutation scanning method that locates and identifies all dna mutations. the bess method consists of two procedures that generate "t" (bess t-scan) and "g" ladders (bess g-tracker) analogous to t and g ladders of dideoxy sequencing. the bess procedures are simple to perform and require no special equipment or gels, no reaction optimization beyond pcr, and no heteroduplex formation. the samples are analyzed on st ...	1999	10380756