Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| abortion law in england: the medicalization of a crime. | abortion law in england has changed a great deal throughout its legal history. starting with total prohibition in common law and ending up a state regulated therapeutic medical procedure. the battle over abortion rights has been as large in england as in the us; however, the battle ground has been parliament, rather than the courts, as in the us. the reason for this stems mainly from the sovereignty of the parliament, which makes the english courts weaker than the us courts, which can actuall ... | 1990 | 2197511 |
| [the man behind the syndrome. harold sheehan. study of the mechanism behind postpartum necrosis of the hypophysis]. | 1990 | 2187134 | |
| the first recorded blood transfusions: 1656 to 1668. | the transfusion of blood was only one of many scientific competitions in which the citizens of france and england engaged in the 1600s. this particular competition laid the foundations for transfusion therapy that were built on 100 years later when more was known about blood. at the time of the studies discussed here, the most important goal seemed to be the establishment of the primacy of the discovery by one or the other nation. in this, most scholars give lower and the english the first anima ... | 1990 | 2190368 |
| sickness absence due to skin disorders in the coal mining industry. | i have examined sickness absence due to skin disorders at five collieries in the north east of england between 1978 and 1984, through sickness certificates kept for each man. a mean of 36.7 days per 100 men per year were lost through skin disease, with 2.3 men per 100 absent each year, of whom 36 per cent had bacterial infection of the skin, 25 per cent dermatitis, and 11 per cent epidermophytosis. however, dermatitis was the cause of the most days lost, with 2.9 days lost per man per year, comp ... | 1990 | 2139150 |
| restriction site polymorphisms at the human hepg2 glucose transporter gene locus in caucasian and west indian subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | digestion of human genomic dna with the restriction enzyme stui revealed a 2-allele polymorphism with a human hepg2 glucose transporter probe. bands of 3.2 kilobases (kb; s1 allele) and 2.6 kb (s2 allele) were observed. the genotype frequencies were investigated in 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetic populations. the genotype frequencies of s1s1, s1s2 and s2s2 were 6, 42 and 52% among caucasian diabetic subjects (n = 48), and 11, 38 and 51% in 47 controls, respectively. in west indian diabetic pati ... | 1990 | 1968883 |
| black looks ... at when life begins. | 1990 | 2213685 | |
| new initiatives in a district aids counselling unit, 1988-89. | this paper describes the workload of the aids counselling unit in hampstead district health authority during its second year of service. between april 1988 and march 1989, the average number of patients seen each month by the unit doubled. it is anticipated that the caseload in the district will continue to increase, both among those with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and those without. new initiatives were developed within the district during the year. these included a new inpati ... | 1990 | 2092784 |
| human selenium status and glutathione peroxidase activity in north-west england. | nutritional selenium deficiency disease, due to low soil selenium content, is well recognized in british livestock. the adequacy of the selenium status of 25 healthy human volunteers, 50 blood donors, 94 general medical patients and 106 allergy clinic patients was investigated in 1987/8 by measuring serum selenium concentration and platelet glutathione peroxidase activity. mean serum selenium concentration for the entire study population was 92 micrograms/l. significant linear correlations betwe ... | 1990 | 2364917 |
| experience in sheffield: follow-up of abnormal cervical cytology. | failure to re-attend for follow-up is a significant problem in patients attending genitourinary clinics. in this study, despite the efforts made to trac patients with cervical cytological abnormalities, adequate follow-up or further investigation was achieved in only 15.3% of women with inflammatory changes on initial cytology, 38.5% with herpes simplex virus changes, 34.5% with human papillomavirus changes, 60.8% with mild dyskaryosis, 79.9% with moderate dyskaryosis and 97% with severe dyskary ... | 1990 | 2092795 |
| setting up a support service for male prostitutes in london. | estimating the number of male prostitutes working at any given time is fraught with difficulties. we suggest that perhaps around 600-700 men were selling sex in london in 1989. we report some preliminary observations gained during the setting up of a specific service for male prostitutes. of 32 male prostitutes seen, 26 worked as rent-boys, 4 worked through agencies and 2 worked independently from home. forty-one per cent had evidence of at least one sexually transmissible disease and 3 of 16 me ... | 1990 | 2098154 |
| short-term prediction of hiv infection and aids: a critique of the working group's report to the department of health. | the report of the working group on the short-term prediction of aids/hiv (the cox report) is reviewed mainly to assess its calculations of the numbers of people in england and wales who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). two main methods are used in the report to estimate this total--the direct method and the back projection method. the direct method estimates the number of people infected with hiv by attempting to specify the numbers of people in various at-risk groups, a ... | 1990 | 2099193 |
| infection with human t cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type i in patients attending an antenatal clinic in london. | 1990 | 2390591 | |
| a probable waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in the sheffield area. | there was a marked peak in human cases of cryptosporidiosis in the sheffield area in may and june 1986. extensive epidemiological investigations failed to find a common source of food or a consistent history of animal contact, but did suggest that a waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis may have occurred. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in untreated water and in fish from a reservoir complex implicated by epidemiological analysis. laboratory investigations confirmed that cattle on a farm a ... | 1990 | 2391708 |
| continuing medical education for general practitioners in north devon. | the establishment of a continuing medical education system for established principals in a semi-rural area is described. the essential requirement is a 'link man' in each general practice in the area. clinical tutors, course organisers and regional advisers are all actively involved to produce a regional educational policy. | 1990 | 2099428 |
| the affirmation of human uniqueness. | 1990 | 2111828 | |
| tradimus. once an activist: a whistleblowing success story. interview by john naish. | 1990 | 2119731 | |
| the elephant man. part ii. | this is the second in a series of three articles on joseph merrick, the elephant man. a description of his skeletal deformities is given, including details of the skull and dentition. | 1990 | 2121198 |
| breast-milk amylase activity in english and gambian mothers: effects of prolonged lactation, maternal parity, and individual variations. | breast milk contains an amylase that may contribute to carbohydrate digestion in infants. the aim of our study was to determine whether mothers differ in their breast-milk amylase activity and whether the activity is maintained during prolonged lactation. this was investigated by measuring breast-milk amylase activity by hydrolysis of maltotetraose in 63 english mothers of parity 1-5 and 107 gambian mothers of parity 1-12 who were at various stages of lactation (0.5-27 mo). amylase was present i ... | 1990 | 1701531 |
| surveillance for anaemia: risk factors in patterns of milk intake. | the association between patterns of milk intake and anaemia was studied during a surveillance programme for iron deficiency anaemia. children aged 8-24 months were examined when they attended a routine immunisation clinic. haemoglobin was measured on finger prick blood samples using a portable haemoglobinometer, and a dietary questionnaire was completed, with special emphasis on the type and volume of milk intake and the age at which whole cows' milk was introduced. anaemia (defined as a haemogl ... | 1990 | 2078206 |
| recent developments in abortion law in industrialized countries. | an effort to bring new insights into the us abortion debate, this article reviews recent legal developments concerning abortion in 7 other industrialized countries. in addition to the us, the author examines developments in canada, england, ireland, france, belgium, romania, and bulgaria. in the us, the supreme court has become the battleground for an increasingly bitter abortion debate. the 1989 ruling in webster v. reproductive health services has setback the 1973 roe v. wade ruling which ... | 1990 | 2089193 |
| risk factors of female hiv-seropositive patients attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases at st mary's hospital, london. | of 3450 women tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus hiv-1 and hiv-2 between september 1985 and july 1989, 61 were positive (1.8%). twenty-seven of these (44%) were presumed to have acquired their hiv infection by heterosexual contact and 23 (38%) were intravenous drug addicts. in geographical origin, 23 (38%) of the patients were from the uk and 19 (31%) from africa. amongst these 61 women, 2 (3%) have since died, one committed suicide and one was suspected of committing suicide. | 1990 | 2103742 |
| failure of influenza vaccine to prevent two successive outbreaks of influenza a h1n1 in a school community. | forty nine of the 149 boys (33%) at a preparatory school fell ill at the beginning of the autumn term 1986 with symptoms of influenza. one hundred and eighty two of the 470 pupils (39%) in the senior part of the same school had similar symptoms of influenza at the beginning of the spring term 1987. a new variant of influenza a h1n1 virus was isolated from both outbreaks and shown to be antigenically similar to a/taiwan/1/86. the attack rate among pupils who had previously received trivalent infl ... | 1990 | 2107831 |
| hiv infection and aids in england and wales: general practitioners' workload and contact with patients. | in mid-1988 a postal survey was conducted of one in five general practitioners in england and wales, to examine their contact with people with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or with worries about hiv infection or aids. the response rate was 63.9%. of the 3339 respondents 22.7% knew of an asymptomatic hiv positive patient within their practice, 5.4% knew of a symptomatic hiv positive patient and 6.4% knew of a patient with aids. t ... | 1990 | 2115352 |
| the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus infection: a five year study in a london cohort of homosexual men. | progression rates from asymptomatic to symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection according to the cdc classification were prospectively studied in a cohort of 172 seropositive homosexual and bisexual men. the median follow-up time was 4 years. the progression from data of entry to the study to any group iv disease was 56% (se 7%) at 5 years. however, the progression from an estimated date of seroconversion to any group iv disease was 36% (se 4%) at 5 years. this was more than doub ... | 1990 | 2133371 |
| halothane and hepatitis. incidence, predisposing factors and exposure guidelines. | despite early controversy, it is now recognised that halothane anaesthesia may be followed by abnormalities of liver function. the resulting hepatitis may take 1 of 2 forms: in type i, there is a minor degree of disturbance of liver function shown by increased serum transaminases or glutathione-s-transferase in up to 25 to 30% of patients; subsequent re-exposure to halothane is not necessarily associated with evidence of liver damage. in contrast, type ii hepatitis is often associated with massi ... | 1990 | 2178633 |
| plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 of salmonella typhimurium in outbreak investigations. | plasmid profile typing has been used to subdivide phage-type 49 of salmonella typhimurium, the most common phage type in humans in england and wales since 1985. twenty profile patterns have been identified in 350 strains examined. four profile patterns have been identified in 143 isolates from patients infected in 33 epidemiologically unrelated incidents and two patterns have predominated, st49:62 and st49:62, 1. these patterns were also common amongst s. typhimurium phage-type 49 isolated from ... | 1990 | 2182328 |
| cytotoxic drugs and the aquatic environment: estimation of bleomycin in river and water samples. | a radioimmunoassay has been used to determine levels of the anticancer drug bleomycin in sewage treatment works effluent, river and potable water samples. samples were concentrated 100-fold by lyophilisation and a final limit of detection of 5 ng l-1 was achieved. concentrations of immunoreactive bleomycin of between 11 and 19 ng l-1 were found in the effluents but a lower concentration range less than 5-17 ng l-1 was found in river and potable water samples. the risk to human health of ingestin ... | 1990 | 1707456 |
| serological study of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | asymptomatic individuals seropositive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) were investigated for the presence of toxoplasma specific antibody. serological examination was performed using multiple assays. of 500 patients studied 133 had serological evidence of previous exposure to toxoplasma gondii. specific igm was detected in 7 patients using isaga and 2 patients by ds-elisa. the immunoglobulin-g annual seroconversion rate was calculated to be 0.75%. the results of this study indi ... | 1990 | 2209744 |
| an outbreak of 'flu. | 1990 | 2231518 | |
| electrophoretic type b2 of carboxylesterase b for characterisation of highly pathogenic escherichia coli strains from extra-intestinal infections. | the frequency of electrophoretic types b1 (fast mobilities) and b2 (slow mobilities) of carboxylesterase b, and alpha-haemolysin and mannose-resistant haemagglutinin (mrha) production were compared in 705 strains of escherichia coli isolated from cases of septicaemia, urinary tract infection (uti) and other extra-intestinal infections from different geographical origins, in particular france, america (usa and canada) and oceania (australia and new zealand). in all groups of strains, whether clas ... | 1990 | 2231669 |
| dogs, distemper and osteitis deformans: a further epidemiological study. | there is extensive evidence linking paramyxoviruses, notably measles and respiratory syncytial virus, with paget's disease of bone. the epidemiology of paget's disease does not fit with that of known human paramyxovirus infections and it is possible that the disease is a zoonosis with domestic animals acting as host. canine distemper, a paramyxovirus of the morbillovirus family (closely related to measles) is therefore a potential candidate. we have surveyed previous pet ownership in 150 paget's ... | 1990 | 2268748 |
| correlation between environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in sewage effluent and the incidence of campylobacter infection in the community. | environmental monitoring of thermophilic campylobacters in liquid sewage effluent (primary settlement only) during 1988 and 1989 showed a prominent seasonality with distinct peaks in may and june (the average number of bacteria per 100 ml of effluent in months other than may and june was 2244 and the average for the peak months was 50,778). apart from september 1989, this seasonality coincided precisely with the seasonal variation of campylobacter enteritis in the community with similar distinct ... | 1990 | 2272945 |
| zinc in breast milk during prolonged lactation: comparison between the uk and the gambia. | a total of 580 breast milk samples were collected from 56 lactating women living in a rural village community in the gambia, west africa, and 92 samples were obtained from 57 lactating women living in cambridge, england. total zinc content of each sample was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, and pooled samples of the gambian breast milks, representing successive periods of lactation, were fractionated into fat, whey and insoluble casein fractions, to examine zinc distribution. the two ... | 1990 | 2354693 |
| heavy metal levels in the near vicinity to roads in a north london borough. | the ingestion and inhalation of heavy metals through soil, surface dust, air and food contamination may have a detrimental effect on human health. metal levels have been measured in a local authority in london, uk and are discussed where possible in relation to health risk and relevant guidelines. | 1990 | 2360032 |
| a study of human respiratory tract chlamydial infections in cambridgeshire 1986-88. | human respiratory tract chlamydial infections have been studied in cambridgeshire for many years, but until recently we have been unable to distinguish between infection with chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). in this study, we have employed the micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test for this purpose and to look for the relative incidence of c. psittaci and c. pneumoniae infections in cambridgeshire. among 50 patients with community-acquired respiratory tract symptoms whose ser ... | 1990 | 2347386 |
| teaching of medical ethics. | teaching medical ethics in manchester within the introductory course of obstetrics and gynaecology is a joint activity with the centre for social ethics and policy. this interdisciplinary teaching has evolved through lecture sessions with small-group discussions dealing with topics of interest in human reproduction. the small-group discussion have been replaced by an open debate conducted by the students. their own involvement and participation and an exposure to the disciplines of the humanitie ... | 1990 | 2266890 |
| new limits. | gynecological nurses have supported the changes to the abortion law as part of the human fertilisation and embryology bill. the main change is the reduction of the limit for legal abortions from 28 weeks to 24 weeks. reducing the time limit to lower than 24 weeks would probably lead to more women having illegal abortions. however, in cases where the woman's life is at risk or the fetus is shown to be physically handicapped, there is no limit. this change of 4 weeks is said to make no differe ... | 1990 | 2342929 |
| the list of threatening experiences: the reliability and validity of a brief life events questionnaire. | during the 23 years since the original work of holmes & rahe, research into stressful life events on human subjects has tended towards the development of longer and more complex inventories. the list of threatening experiences (lte) of brugha et al., by virtue of its brevity, overcomes difficulties of clinical application. in a study of 50 psychiatric patients and informants, the questionnaire version of the list (lte-q) was shown to have high test-retest reliability, and good agreement with inf ... | 1990 | 2399824 |
| tax man gives married couples a break. | 1990 | 2377200 | |
| lead and cadmium in human hair: a comparison among four countries. | 1990 | 2383677 | |
| investigating stresses in general practice using an open-ended approach in interviews. | this paper describes a preliminary study which investigated the stresses of 30 general practitioners in london. the methodology used was an unstructured interview technique known as 'emic'. this aimed to obtain the doctors' own perceptions of their stresses. the accounts were therefore 'free-flowing'. the links between this 'open-ended' methodology and the findings are discussed. in this kind of approach stresses are uncovered--produced by the subject--which would otherwise not be revealed to th ... | 1990 | 2369988 |
| survey of attitudes to testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection in antenatal clinics in west glamorgan. | 1990 | 2400754 | |
| growth factor-assisted chemotherapy--the manchester experience. | stimulation of red cell production by erythropoietin and of granulocyte production by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) and granulocyte macrophage-csf (gm-csf) has been demonstrated in several clinical studies. the first study to show that a human csf could be used to shorten the period of neutropenia and reduce the risk of serious infection following intensive combination chemotherapy was carried out in manchester using g-csf. the period of neutropenia was significantly shortenened ... | 1990 | 1690624 |
| air quality in the vicinity of urban roads. | motor vehicle emissions are a major source of co, nox and lead particulate concentrations to urban air quality. london urban boroughs with high traffic densities are therefore a particular cause for concern. the air quality was monitored at an urban background site in the london borough of haringey for 2-years. the results of this study are assessed and their effect on human health is considered in the light of ec directives and who guidelines. a desk top modelling technique based on gaussian di ... | 1990 | 1694303 |
| prevalence of specific ige to storage mites (a. siro, l. destructor and t. longior) in an urban population and crossreactivity with the house dust mite (d. pteronyssinus). | the role of pyroglyphid mites in house dust allergy is well established and the major allergens from the common house dust mites (dermatophagoides species) have been characterized. there is, however, relatively little progress in the understanding of the human ige response to non-pyroglyphid storage mites, allergenic crossreactivity with other mite species and extent of environmental exposure. we studied 196 individuals from an urban environment who were not occupationally exposed to storage mit ... | 1990 | 1695869 |
| epidemiology of shingles. | one thousand and nineteen patients with acute varicella zoster viral infection were referred to the physiotherapy department for treatment between 1978 and 1986. sixty per cent were women and 40% were men with a mean age of 58 years (range 9-96 years). the prevalence varied between 1.3 and 1.6 per 1000 per annum. the left side was affected in 52% while the right was affected in 48%. the thoracic dermatomes were the most commonly affected (56%) followed by cervical (17%), lumbar (10%), sacral (5% ... | 1990 | 1962821 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome: recommendations of a working party of the hospital infection society. | unified procedures to control those infections that are transmitted by inoculation of blood are recommended. these should be applied to patients with acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (aids), aids-related complex, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy or hepatitis b, those with serological evidence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis b virus, and those in medical and social categories with a higher than average prevalence of such infections. when the identification of th ... | 1990 | 1968481 |
| histological and clinical features of menstruation induced by the antiprogestin mifepristone (ru486) compared to menstruation occurring spontaneously. | the clinical and histological features of menstruation induced by a single oral dose of mifepristone were compared to those in normal spontaneous menstruation to aid understanding of the mechanism of endometrial shedding. 30 healthy volunteers, sterilized or seeking sterilization, were given a single oral dose, ranging from 5-200 mg mifepristone (ru-486) in the 1st half of the luteal phase, timed by the lh surge. endometrial biopsies were taken on that day or the day after the 1st episode of b ... | 1990 | 12283861 |
| occupational continuity and international migration of skilled workers: the case of mersey port workers. | "as part of a current concern among geographers to identify the local specificity of labour markets...and the regional impacts of international migration from [the united kingdom], this paper considers one case of regional specificity--the port of liverpool--and how the traditional skills of the port and associated activities, on and off-shore, have provided important linkages with international demand for skills in these occupations, and have spontaneously maintained international but non-perma ... | 1990 | 12159601 |
| scottish emigration in the 1980s: a migration channels approach to the study of skilled international migration. | "british emigration is now dominated by skilled transient movements rather than traditional settler emigration movements. this switch requires new frameworks for migration analysis. a migration channels approach is advocated with attention focused on the roles of the internal labour markets of multi-national companies, international recruitment agencies and international skill transfers by small- and intermediate-sized companies in moulding contemporary skilled migration. the migration proces ... | 1990 | 12283049 |
| historical notes on partial hospitalization. | the author addresses the historical antecedents of three important aspects of partial hospitalization: (1) therapeutic use of the milieu, (2) decentralization of hospital-based care, and (3) a pluralistic view of the human organism. in the process, a tour d'horizon of western psychiatry from the period of phillipe pinel to that of adolf meyer is provided. such an excursion into history permits a greater appreciation of the partial hospital setting and the relevance of history in the evolution of ... | 1990 | 10111975 |
| comparative judicial embryology: judges' approaches to unborn human life. | 1990 | 11656080 | |
| diffusion of in-vitro fertilization in the netherlands and england: an exploratory study. | 1991 | 11656320 | |
| stretched to the limit. | everyone agrees that junior doctors work excessively long hours. the difficulty has been finding a solution to the problem within staffing limits. penelope dash and angela jones set out two ways to stretch the human resources available to make best use of them. | 1991 | 10114815 |
| the lincolnshire joint emergency services initiative for staff at risk following critical incidents. | this article is based on a paper presented by roderick j. orner at the annual conference of the national association for health service personnel officers, bristol, 20-21 september 1991. the scheme won the prize for innovation in hrm at the national healthcare awards for excellence in human resource management 1991. | 1991 | 10116145 |
| an anti red-tape man allowed too much rope? | 1991 | 10110643 | |
| model of care for the hospital treatment of individuals with hiv infection. | this study was undertaken and completed in 1988, in an attempt to determine the reasons for admission to hospital, and the optimum care required for patients with human immunodeficiency virus related illnesses. approximately half of the total medical admissions stayed for less than a week, and patients admitted for terminal care and social care occupied a relatively small proportion of the beds. the single largest group of admissions were those for inpatient management of aids-related pneumonias ... | 1991 | 10116892 |
| bristol study should be retracted. | 1991 | 16144142 | |
| a review of 254 ectopic pregnancies in a teaching hospital in the trent region, 1977-1990. | a total of 254 cases of ectopic pregnancy were reviewed in a teaching hospital in sheffield, in three defined periods: i, 1977-9; ii, 1985-7 and iii, 1988-90. a previous history of infertility was noted in 37% of cases. overall, the presenting symptoms, clinical, laboratory, operative as well as histological findings, are in broad agreement with other series. the incidence increased steadily from 8.6 per 1000 total births in period i to 16.5 per 1000 total births in period iii. a number of chang ... | 1991 | 1722218 |
| [the man behind the syndrome. samuel a k wilson and hepatolenticular degeneration. the discovery of the connection with liver cirrhosis become a landmark for pathology and neurology]. | 1991 | 1994168 | |
| availability of transplantable organs from brain stem dead donors in intensive care units. | by audit from january to june 1989 to quantify, separately for hearts, kidneys, liver, lungs and corneas, the possible increases in transplantable organs from brain stem dead potential donors in intensive care units and to compare them with the increases achieved in october-november 1989, during intense, national publicity about transplantation. | 1991 | 1995135 |
| sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases in older men attending the genito-urinary clinic in birmingham. | eighty-seven men aged 60 years and over who attended the sole genito-urinary clinic in birmingham during the year 1989 had their records reviewed. sixty-five (75%) were sexually active and the most frequent complaints were penile soreness and urethral discharge. nineteen patients had positive serological tests for syphilis (tpha) and two men, both homosexuals, had positive hepatitis (hba2) serology. in this age group, compared to a caucasian, an afro-caribbean man had an odds ratio of 4.68 of ha ... | 1991 | 2005609 |
| the case for family planning. | this paper briefly examines the troubled history of the rise of family planning services to full incorporation in the national health service by 1974, and argues for continued and increased governmental support of service provision. health promotion of family planning now extends to all men and women, and has become threatened by service cutbacks. family planning is crucial in preventing unwanted pregnancies and reducing infant, child, and maternal mortality. methods may help control the spre ... | 1991 | 2008246 |
| human listeriosis and paté: a possible association. | to study trends in human listeriosis and determine possible sources of infection. | 1991 | 1932944 |
| is preterm delivery genetically determined? | surprisingly, the genetics of preterm delivery have received very little attention in the literature. possible explanations are the inability to obtain accurate information on the length of gestation in family studies and the heterogeneous nature of this disorder. in contrast to the many studies which consider the relative contribution of both genetic and environmental variance to the total variance of birthweight, few studies have examined the genetic basis of the duration of gestation in man. ... | 1991 | 1754495 |
| salivary and serum iga antibodies to the epstein-barr virus glycoprotein gp340: incidence and potential for virus neutralization. | human antibody responses to the epstein-barr virus (ebv) glycoprotein gp340 have been measured using purified preparations of the native molecule as the substrate in elisas. this glycoprotein is the dominant component of the ebv envelope and a major target for the virus-neutralizing antibody response. healthy virus carriers (both caucasian and chinese) regularly show detectable anti-gp340 igg in serum and, unexpectedly, 21-30% of these individuals are also serum anti-gp340 iga positive. chinese ... | 1991 | 1850382 |
| the prevalence of toxocara canis ova in soil samples from parks and gardens in the london area. | toxocara canis is an ascarid parasite of the dog. human infection is acquired when ova of t. canis are ingested. parks and play areas contaminated with dog faeces are recognised as potential sources of infection. five hundred and twenty one soil samples were examined from fifteen parks and gardens in the greater london area to establish the prevalence of soil contamination in those facilities. samples were examined using a magnesium sulphate floatation method. t. canis ova were found in 6.3% of ... | 1991 | 1767007 |
| distribution of oriental and german cockroaches, blatta orientalis and blattella germanica (dictyoptera), in the united kingdom. | results are presented of a survey carried out by rentokil ltd on the distribution of the oriental cockroach blatta orientalis l. and the german cockroach blattella germanica l. in the united kingdom. the known ranges of both species are increased considerably by the findings of the survey, with several new vice-county records for scotland (including the western isles), england and wales. the frequency at which blatta orientalis was observed in outdoor habitats may indicate that this species some ... | 1991 | 1773117 |
| antibiotic therapy, clinical features and outcome of 36 adults presenting to hospital with proven influenza: do we follow guidelines? | the impact of the 1989/1990 influenza epidemic on the nottingham hospitals was assessed in a retrospective survey. thirty-six cases of proven influenza were identified, 14 of whom died. non-survivors were more likely to be confused, uraemic and to lack focal chest signs and symptoms. antibiotic therapy both prior to admission and following hospitalization was not optimal and, in many cases, failed to follow previously published guidelines. such guidelines need emphasis during influenza epidemics ... | 1991 | 1775424 |
| aids: knowledge, skills and attitudes among vocational trainees and their trainers. | in order to assess the adequacy of learning about the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in vocational training for general practice, a postal questionnaire survey was carried out among trainers and their trainees in seven health regions of england and scotland. a total of 616 trainers (62%) and 538 trainees (58%) responded to the questionnaire asking about their knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding hiv and aids. trainees' principal difficu ... | 1991 | 1777293 |
| the elephant man. | 1991 | 1795079 | |
| breast-milk calcium and phosphorus concentrations of mothers in rural zaire. | the breast-milk calcium and phosphorus concentrations of 12 mothers living in a poor, rural area of zaïre have been measured serially over 18 months of lactation. calcium concentrations remained steady for the first 3-4 months and then decreased by approximately 27%. phosphorus concentrations decreased by an average of 16% during the first 6 months and then reached a low plateau. the calcium:phosphorus ratio decreased from 1.7 in early lactation to 1.3 after 15 months. a wide range of mineral co ... | 1991 | 1810721 |
| a short history of occupational fitness and health promotion. | the suggestion of a linkage between adequate exercise and occupational health dates back to ramazzini's classical observations on cobblers and tailors. however, excessive hours of work at too high an intensity were of greater concern than increase of fitness or health promotion in the early phases of the industrial revolution. loss of physical condition is a more recent phenomenon, and it can be traced to automation in industry and the home, progressive urbanization, and widespread use of the au ... | 1991 | 1862064 |
| screening of blood donations for hiv-1 antibody: 1985-1991. | one hundred and ninety hiv-1 antibody positive donors have been detected, out of 14.85 million blood donations screened in the united kingdom and the isle of man, since the start of testing in october 1985 to the end of march 1991. there were 145 men and 45 women, with an overall seropositivity rate of 0.001%. records for new donors (ie, those donating for the first time) have been kept since february 1986 and 79 out of 1.9 million donations have been seropositive (58 men and 21 women); a rate o ... | 1991 | 1669759 |
| voluntary antenatal hiv testing--results of a pilot study. | voluntary testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was offered to 4929 antenatal patients attending two hospitals in south manchester during a 12 month period in 1989/90 in order to assess the feasibility of obtaining seroprevalence data by this method. of these patients, 1728 (35%) agreed to a named test, 1396 (28%) to an unlinked anonymous test and the remaining 37% declined to be tested. the proportion of women tested increased from 22% to 88% over the period, and was simila ... | 1991 | 1669760 |
| live donation of human body parts: a case for negotiability? | 1991 | 1886501 | |
| population variation in molecular polymorphisms of the short arm of the human x chromosome. | five dna probes (rc8, 754, xj 1-1, pert 87.8, and l1.28) from the short arm of the human x chromosome were investigated in samples from five populations (english, nigerian, chinese, muslim, and hindu from india). the variation in the allele frequencies of several probes between different groups was significant. the average heterozygosity in females of the five populations ranged from 32% to 51%. the genetic distance between the five groups was compatible with that using traditional polymorphic s ... | 1991 | 1680294 |
| genetic polymorphisms at the human liver/islet glucose transporter (glut2) gene locus in caucasian and west indian subjects with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. | the liver/islet glucose transporter (glut2) is mainly expressed in the hepatocytes of the liver and the beta-cells of the pancreatic islets and a defect in this transporter could lead to diabetic phenotypes, such as relative hypoinsulinaemia and reduced uptake and metabolism of glucose in the liver. dna from unrelated individuals was digested with the restriction endonucleases bgl-i and taq-i followed by blotting and hybridisation with a 32p-labelled glut2 cdna which revealed three restriction f ... | 1991 | 1683793 |
| a typhus-like illness caused by acute hiv seroconversion. | a patient is described in whom an acute human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion illness occurred following a trip to southern africa. the presentation was strikingly similar to that of african tick typhus and could only be distinguished by serological testing. | 1991 | 1905405 |
| incidence of numerical chromosome anomalies in human pregnancy estimation from induced and spontaneous abortion data. | induced abortion data provided an estimate of 4.7% numerical chromosome anomalies for women with a clinically recognized pregnancy at the end of the 7th week after the last menstrual period (lmp). this frequency requires that 51.9% of spontaneous abortions occurring after the 7th week should be chromosomally abnormal if the frequency of numerical chromosome anomalies at term (live and stillbirths combined) is 0.53%. cytogenetic data from surveys of spontaneous abortion suggested a lower incidenc ... | 1991 | 1918307 |
| epidemiological survey of human rotavirus serotypes and electropherotypes in young children admitted to two children's hospitals in northeast london from 1984 to 1990. | a retrospective and prospective survey was carried out to determine the relative frequency of rotavirus serotypes infecting children with diarrhea or vomiting or both who were admitted to the hospitals for sick children in london during a 6-year period from 1984 to 1990. the results were compared with data for the same period from a study in birmingham, united kingdom. the serotype of rotaviruses infecting 1,019 children was ascertained by enzyme immunoassay with vp7-specific monoclonal antibodi ... | 1991 | 1658035 |
| hiv-2 in the united kingdom--a review. | human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was first recognised in 1986 and subsequently the infection was shown to be widespread in west africa. there have been few case reports from countries outside the african continent. in north america and europe the highest number of infections have been in portugal and france. twelve hiv-2 infections have been identified in the united kingdom (uk) and nine of the twelve had some connection with africa, mostly west africa; in three cases only "sub-sahara ... | 1991 | 1669765 |
| outbreaks of influenza b: 1991. | 1991 | 1669799 | |
| respiratory infections in children. | 1991 | 1669801 | |
| parainfluenza virus type 3: surveillance. | 1991 | 1669815 | |
| influenza surveillance. | 1991 | 1669817 | |
| influenza activity, england and wales. | 1991 | 1669826 | |
| viral hepatitis, england and wales: 1989-91. | 1991 | 1669858 | |
| influenza activity. | 1991 | 1669896 | |
| acute respiratory infections. | 1991 | 1669902 | |
| schizophrenia after prenatal exposure to 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. | the birth dates of schizophrenic inpatients in eight health regions in england and wales were reviewed for any effect of the 1957 a2 influenza epidemic. 5 months after the peak infection prevalence, the number of births of individuals who later developed schizophrenia was 88% higher than the average number of such births in the corresponding periods of the 2 previous and the next 2 years. this finding is in accordance with a study from helsinki and with clinical and neuropathological evidence of ... | 1991 | 1674062 |
| application of hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) to the handling of expressed breast milk on a neonatal unit. | hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) is a powerful procedure for ensuring quality and safety and has gained widespread use in industry. this paper describes the basic method which is a four-stage process including process analysis, hazard identification, identification of critical control points and devising effective control options. suggestions as to how the method can be adapted to the control of hospital infection are made. a haccp analysis, on the supply of expressed human breast ... | 1991 | 1674260 |
| prevalence of maternal hiv-1 infection in thames regions: results from anonymous unlinked neonatal testing. | to monitor the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the heterosexual population, residues of blood samples collected routinely on absorbent paper for neonatal screening (guthrie cards) in ne, nw, and sw thames regions in england have been tested for antibodies to hiv-1 since june, 1988. 323,369 dried blood spots were analysed to end march, 1991. prevalence of anti-hiv-1 in newborn babies has remained stable in outer london and non-metropolitan districts whereas prevalence in inner lon ... | 1991 | 1675707 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | there are several anecdotal accounts of the association between outbreaks of influenza and meningococcal disease. the exceptional increase in the number of cases of meningococcal infection 2 weeks after an influenza a outbreak in england and wales during november and december, 1989, provided an opportunity to investigate the relation between the two events. patients with meningococcal disease in december, 1989, were more likely than age-matched controls to show serological evidence of recent inf ... | 1991 | 1678811 |
| unusual pattern of influenza mortality in 1989/90. | 1991 | 1683986 | |
| [the man behind the syndrome. denis burkitt. he surveyed malignant lymphoma in african children--also a pioneer in dietary fiber research]. | 1991 | 1663565 | |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: november 1990--june 1991. | 1991 | 1669752 | |
| phlebotomy in inoculation risk patients: a questionnaire survey of knowledge and practices of hospital doctors in liverpool. | to assess the knowledge of hospital doctors about patients at increased risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or hepatitis b virus, and the precautions they took during phlebotomy in such patients, an anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to all 307 hospital doctors working at two district general hospitals in liverpool, uk. two hundred and thirty-eight (77.5%) of the questionnaires were returned. more than 90% of respondents considered a history of male homosexuality, intr ... | 1991 | 1682370 |
| influenza a and meningococcal disease. | 1991 | 1682561 | |
| prostitutes, workers and kidneys: brecher on the kidney trade. | brecher argues that the practices of selling blood and kidneys are akin to the practices of prostitution and wage-labour since they all involve commodification and, by implication, should be subject to legal prohibition. i suggest that these practices need not involve commodification and that they should only be condemned if people are forced into them because of their lack of power. rather than these practices being prohibited, i suggest that it would be preferable if they were subject to state ... | 1991 | 1741843 |