Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| ridinilazole: a novel therapy for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of infectious healthcare-associated diarrhoea. recurrent cdi increases disease morbidity and mortality, posing a high burden to patients and a growing economic burden to the healthcare system. thus, there exists a significant unmet and increasing medical need for new therapies for cdi. this review aims to provide a concise summary of cdi in general and a specific update on ridinilazole (formerly smt19969), a novel antibacterial currently ... | 2016 | 27283730 |
| mucoadhesive microparticles for local treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. | mucoadhesive microparticles formulated in a capsule and delivered to the gastrointestinal tract might be useful for local drug delivery. however, swelling and agglomeration of hydrophilic polymers in the gastrointestinal milieu can have a negative influence on particle retention of mucoadhesive microparticles. in this work, we investigated the impact of dry-coating with nano-sized hydrophilic fumed silica on dispersibility and particle retention of mucoadhesive microparticles. as a model for loc ... | 2016 | 27302556 |
| prevention program for clostridium difficile infection: a single-centre serbian experience. | clostridium difficile (c. difficile) diarrhea is a common, iatrogenic, nosocomial disease with a worldwide diffusion. recent studies reported that the incidence of c. difficile infection (cdi) is rising, due to aging of the population and to greater prevalence of hypervirulent strains. we investigated whether the application of a prevention program lead to a decline in the incidence of intrahospital cdi. | 2016 | 27302331 |
| safety of high-dose doripenem in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. | high doses of β-lactam antibiotics have been advocated for acute pulmonary exacerbations caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) secondary to high minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of the infecting organisms. some β-lactam antibiotics have increased elimination in cf patients. this case series examines the safety of high-dose doripenem (hdd), 2 g intravenously every 8 hours, which is 4 times the labeled dose, in cf patients. | 2016 | 27298719 |
| inflammatory bowel disease: a descriptive study of 716 local chilean patients. | to demographically and clinically characterize inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) from the local registry and update data previously published by our group. | 2016 | 27298570 |
| maldi-tof ms is more accurate than vitek ii anc card and api rapid id 32 a system for the identification of clostridium species. | all 50 clostridium difficile strains were definitely identified by vitek2 system, rapid id 32a system, and maldi-tof. for 18 non-difficile clostridium strains, the identification results were correct in 0, 2, and 17 strains by vitek2, rapid id 32a, and maldi-tof, respectively. maldi-tof could be used as the primary tool for identification of clostridium species. | 2016 | 27296834 |
| pleural empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with non-hodgkin lymphoma. | extraintestinal manifestations of nontyphoidal salmonellosis are usually seen in patients with cellular immunodeficiency. pleural empyema caused by nontyphoidal salmonella is very rare clinical presentation of salmonellosis and there are just a few cases described in a literature. we presented a very rare case of pleural empyema caused by salmonella enteritidis in a patient with non-hodgkin limphoma. | 2016 | 27295915 |
| development and validation of a risk score for clostridium difficile infection in medicare beneficiaries: a population-based cohort study. | to create a risk stratification score for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in elderly adults. | 2016 | 27295521 |
| zoonotic potential of the clostridium difficile rt078 family in taiwan. | clostridium difficile is the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. we have previously demonstrated that in southern taiwan, severe c. difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) cases were due to the c. difficile rt 126 strain infection, indicating the arrival of an epidemic c. difficile clone in southern taiwan. rt126 has a close genetic relationship with rt078. however, the rt078 family is the predominant strain of c. difficile in animals worldwide, particularly in swine. in this study, we surveyed c. ... | 2016 | 27292030 |
| 'no touch' technologies for environmental decontamination: focus on ultraviolet devices and hydrogen peroxide systems. | this article reviews 'no touch' methods for disinfection of the contaminated surface environment of hospitalized patients' rooms. the focus is on studies that assessed the effectiveness of ultraviolet (uv) light devices, hydrogen peroxide systems, and self-disinfecting surfaces to reduce healthcare-associated infections (hais). | 2016 | 27257798 |
| severe complicated clostridium difficile infection: can the upmc proposed scoring system predict the need for surgery? | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is one of the most common health care-associated infections, and it continues to have significant morbidity and mortality. the onset of fulminant colitis often requires total abdominal colectomy with ileostomy, which has a mortality rate of 35% to 57%. university of pittsburgh medical center (upmc) developed a scoring system for severity and recommended surgical consultation for severe complicated disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate if the upmc-pr ... | 2016 | 27257702 |
| the efficacy of thuricin cd, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and nitazoxanide, independently and in paired combinations against clostridium difficile biofilms and planktonic cells. | thuricin cd is a two-component antimicrobial, belonging to the recently designated sactibiotic subclass of bacteriocins. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thuricin cd, as well as the antibiotics, tigecycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and nitazoxanide when used independently and when combined at low concentrations on the viability of clostridium difficile 20291 r027, tl178 r002, liv022 r106, dpc6350 and vpi10463 biofilms and planktonic cells. | 2016 | 27257437 |
| estimated hospital costs associated with preventable health care-associated infections if health care antiseptic products were unavailable. | health care-associated infections (hais) pose a significant health care and cost burden. this study estimates annual hai hospital costs in the us avoided through use of health care antiseptics (health care personnel hand washes and rubs; surgical hand scrubs and rubs; patient preoperative and preinjection skin preparations). | 2016 | 27257390 |
| management of candidemia in patients with clostridium difficile infection. | patients with c. difficile infection (cdi) experience intestinal microflora changes that can promote the overgrowth and subsequent translocation of gut resident pathogens into the blood. consistently, cdi due to pcr-ribotype 027 strain, severe or relapsing cdi, and treatment with high-dosage vancomycin are independent risk factors for candidemia. | 2016 | 27254270 |
| bacterial and fungal microbiota changes distinguish c. difficile infection from other forms of diarrhea: results of a prospective inpatient study. | this study sought to characterize the bacterial and fungal microbiota changes associated with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among inpatients with diarrhea, in order to further explain the pathogenesis of this infection as well as to potentially guide new cdi therapies. twenty-four inpatients with diarrhea were enrolled, 12 of whom had cdi. each patient underwent stool testing for cdi prior to being treated with difficile-directed antibiotics, when appropriate. clinical data was obtained ... | 2016 | 27252696 |
| best practices in caring for patients infected with clostridium difficile. | 2016 | 27252104 | |
| rising vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections in hospitalized children in the united states. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) is an emerging drug-resistant organism responsible for increasing numbers of nosocomial infections in adults. few data are available on the epidemiology and impact of vre infections in children. we hypothesized a significant increase in vre infections among hospitalized children. additionally, we predicted that vre infection would be associated with certain comorbid conditions and increased duration and cost of hospitalization. | 2016 | 27250774 |
| blastocystis sp. infection mimicking clostridium difficile colitis. | we report an unusual case of severe diarrhea related to blastocystis sp. infection in a patient with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. the patient was admitted due to profuse diarrhea associated with fever and leukocytosis. pertinent stool work-up such as leukocytes in stool, stool culture, clostridium difficile toxin b pcr, and serology for hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis c and cytomegalovirus screening were all negative. ova and parasite stool examination revealed blastocystis s ... | 2016 | 27247810 |
| high morbidity and mortality of clostridium difficile infection and its associations with ribotype 002 in hong kong. | we aim to study the disease burden, risk factors and severity of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hong kong. | 2016 | 27246801 |
| [antibiotic treatment of clostridial colitis]. | the advantages and disadvantages of various antibiotics used in the treatment of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are compared with respect to their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. recommendations are made for their optimal use in clinical practice. metronidazole is suitable for the treatment of mild forms of cdi which are essentially self-limiting. vancomycin kills clostridia reliably but the treatment is encumbered with considerable risk of recurrence. this can be decrease ... | 2016 | 27246640 |
| cody-dependent regulation of sporulation in clostridium difficile. | clostridium difficile must form a spore to survive outside the gastrointestinal tract. the factors that trigger sporulation in c. difficile remain poorly understood. previous studies have suggested that a link exists between nutritional status and sporulation initiation in c. difficile in this study, we investigated the impact of the global nutritional regulator cody on sporulation in c. difficile strains from the historical 012 ribotype and the current epidemic 027 ribotype. sporulation frequen ... | 2016 | 27246573 |
| [rational use of antibiotics]. | international and national campaigns draw attention worldwide to the rational use of the available antibiotics. this has been stimulated by the high prevalence rates of drug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), a threatening spread of development of resistance in gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria and the selection of clostridium difficile with a simultaneous clear reduction in the development of new antibiotic ... | 2016 | 27246321 |
| rifaximin improves clostridium difficile toxin a-induced toxicity in caco-2 cells by the pxr-dependent tlr4/myd88/nf-κb pathway. | clostridium difficile infections (cdis) caused by clostridium difficile toxin a (tcda) lead to severe ulceration, inflammation and bleeding of the colon, and are difficult to treat. | 2016 | 27242527 |
| bile acid sensitivity and in vivo virulence of clinical clostridium difficile isolates. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that causes diarrheal illnesses. disease onset is linked with exposure to oral antibiotics and consequent depletion of secondary bile acids. here we investigate the relationship between in vitro secondary bile acid tolerance and in vivo disease scores of diverse c. difficile strains in mice. | 2016 | 27241781 |
| clostridium difficile ribotype 027 is not evenly distributed in hesse, germany. | clostridium difficile-isolates associated with cdi in different healthcare facilities in hesse were analysed. the most common ribotypes were 001 (31.1%) and 027 (27.0%). the proportion of ribotype 027 among regional c. difficile-isolates was 10.8% in north hesse, 17.2% in middle hesse, and 33.5% in the rhine-main metropolitan area. in the latter region, ribotype 027 was the most prevalent ribotype. | 2016 | 27063988 |
| neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of clostridium difficile infections. | clostridium difficile is the most important cause of nosocomial infectious diarrhea in the western world. c. difficile infections are a major healthcare burden with approximately 500,000 new cases every year and an estimated annual cost of nearly $1 billion in the u.s. furthermore, the infections are no longer restricted to health care facilities, and recent studies indicate spread of c. difficile infection to the community as well. the clinical spectrum of c. difficile infection ranges from asy ... | 2016 | 27063896 |
| a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis of first-line fidaxomicin for patients with clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in germany. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) represents a significant economic healthcare burden, especially the cost of recurrent disease. fidaxomicin produced significantly lower recurrence rates and higher sustained cure rates in clinical trials. we evaluated the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of fidaxomicin compared with vancomycin in germany in the first-line treatment of patient subgroups with cdi at increased risk of recurrence. | 2016 | 27062378 |
| australasian society of infectious diseases updated guidelines for the management of clostridium difficile infection in adults and children in australia and new zealand. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) continues to rise, whilst treatment remains problematic due to recurrent, refractory and potentially severe nature of disease. the treatment of c. difficile is a challenge for community and hospital-based clinicians. with the advent of an expanding therapeutic arsenal against c. difficile since the last published australasian guidelines, an update on cdi treatment recommendations for australasian clinicians was required. on behalf of the aus ... | 2016 | 27062204 |
| an experimental platform using human intestinal epithelial cell lines to differentiate between hazardous and non-hazardous proteins. | human intestinal epithelial cell lines (t84, caco-2, and hct-8) grown on permeable transwell™ filters serve as models of the gastrointestinal barrier. in this study, this in vitro model system was evaluated for effectiveness at distinguishing between hazardous and non-hazardous proteins. indicators of cytotoxicity (ldh release, mtt conversion), monolayer barrier integrity ([(3)h]-inulin flux, horseradish peroxidase flux, trans-epithelial electrical resistance [teer]), and inflammation (il-8, il- ... | 2016 | 27060235 |
| age and gender differences in clostridium difficile-related hospitalization trends in madrid (spain) over a 12-year period. | this study aimed to analyze temporal trends by gender and age in clostridium difficile infection (cdi)-related hospitalization rates in the autonomous community of madrid (spain) over a 12-year period. a population-based cross-sectional study of all hospital admissions with a cdi diagnosis from 2003 to 2014 was carried out. annual age-specific hospitalization rates were calculated by gender. all the analyses were performed separately for total hospitalizations and hospitalizations with cdi as th ... | 2016 | 27056555 |
| identification of clostridium difficile rt078 from patients and environmental surfaces in zhejiang province, china. | 2016 | 27052780 | |
| regulation of protein-ligand binding affinity by hydrogen bond pairing. | hydrogen (h)-bonds potentiate diverse cellular functions by facilitating molecular interactions. the mechanism and the extent to which h-bonds regulate molecular interactions are a largely unresolved problem in biology because the h-bonding process continuously competes with bulk water. this interference may significantly alter our understanding of molecular function, for example, in the elucidation of the origin of enzymatic catalytic power. we advance this concept by showing that h-bonds regul ... | 2016 | 27051863 |
| recurrent pseudomembranous colitis in an ovarian cancer patient undergoing carboplatin chemotherapy. | background. diarrhea is a common problem in ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and clostridium difficile infection has been identified as a cause. the proper diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea are critical to patient care, especially to prevent the serious complications from a severe clostridium difficile infection (cdi). case. we present a heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patient who developed recurrent pseudomembranous colitis while receiving carboplatin chemotherapy. despite tr ... | 2016 | 27051544 |
| screening glycolipids against proteins in vitro using picodiscs and catch-and-release electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. | this work describes the application of the catch-and-release electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (car-esi-ms) assay, implemented using picodiscs (complexes comprised of saposin a and lipids, pds), to screen mixtures of glycolipids (gls) against water-soluble proteins to detect specific interactions. to demonstrate the reliability of the method, seven gangliosides (gm1, gm2, gm3, gd1a, gd1b, gd2, and gt1b) were incorporated, either individually or as a mixture, into pds and screened against ... | 2016 | 27049760 |
| use of probiotics in prevention and treatment of patients with clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile is an anaerobic, gram positive, sporulating, toxin-producing bacillus which causes a spectrum of clinical disease ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to toxic megacolon and fulminant disease. infection with c. difficile is an expensive and pervasive health care burden. the current theory regarding the development of c. difficile infection (cdi) suggests that disruption of the structure and/or function of an individual's normal intestinal microbiota enables colonizati ... | 2016 | 27048902 |
| patient perspectives on fecal microbiota transplantation for clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is a severe and increasingly frequent healthcare-associated infection that develops after disruption of the gut microbiota. immunocompromised, hospitalized patients have an increased likelihood of acquiring cdi, leading to lengthened hospital stays, increased medical fees, and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. treatment of cdi is challenging because of limited treatment options and a 19-20% recurrence rate. thus, there is a need for effective, afforda ... | 2016 | 27048199 |
| pathogenic effects of glucosyltransferase from clostridium difficile toxins. | the glucosyltransferase domain ofclostridium difficiletoxins modifies guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of rho family. it is the major virulent domain of the holotoxins. various pathogenic effects ofc. difficiletoxins in response to rho glucosylation have been investigated including cytoskeleton damage, cell death and inflammation. the most recent studies have revealed some significant characteristics of the holotoxins that are independent of glucosylating activity. these findings arouse discu ... | 2016 | 27044305 |
| use your antibiotics wisely. consequences to the intestinal microbiome. | antibiotic therapy has long term consequences in the intestinal microbiome. clostridium difficile has a well-known role in antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but in addition, persistent infection with this organism may increase the risk for developing inflammatory bowel disease. here, recent literature on how the intestinal microbiome is altered by antibiotic therapy is presented. | 2016 | 27044298 |
| ega protects mammalian cells from clostridium difficile cdt, clostridium perfringens iota toxin and clostridium botulinum c2 toxin. | the pathogenic bacteria clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens and clostridium botulinum produce the binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins cdt, iota and c2, respectively. these toxins are composed of a transport component (b) and a separate enzyme component (a). when both components assemble on the surface of mammalian target cells, the b components mediate the entry of the a components via endosomes into the cytosol. here, the a components adp-ribosylate g-actin, resulting in depolymeriz ... | 2016 | 27043629 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile isolated from food animals on farms. | clostridium difficile is commonly associated with a spectrum of disease in humans referred to as c. difficile-associated disease (cdad) and use of antimicrobials is considered a risk factor for development of disease in humans. c. difficile can also inhabit healthy food animals and transmission to humans is possible. as a result of the complexity and cost of testing, c. difficile is rarely tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 376 c. difficile strains (94 each from swine and dairy ... | 2016 | 27043382 |
| economic evaluation of fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection in australia. | clostridium difficile is the most common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in australia. in 2013, a randomized controlled trial demonstrated the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) for the treatment of recurrent clostridium difficile infection (cdi). the aim of this study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation-via either nasoduodenal or colorectal delivery-compared with vancomycin for the treatment of recurrent cdi in australia. | 2016 | 27043242 |
| reproducible elimination of clostridium difficile spores using a clinical area washer disinfector in 3 different health care sites. | following a clostridium difficile infection outbreak, the infection prevention and control team at our institution queried the risk of transmission via bedpans reprocessed in washer disinfectors (wds). this study's objective was to determine the effectiveness of the mechanical action, detergent, and temperature on the eradication of c difficile spores in 1 type of wd model. | 2016 | 27040564 |
| community-acquired clostridium difficile infections. | to describe the management and treatment of community-acquired c. difficile infections (cdi) and to evaluate family physicians' (fp) knowledge and practice. | 2016 | 27039068 |
| fulminant pseudomembranous colitis presenting as sigmoid stricture and severe polyposis with clinical response to intracolonic vancomycin. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. severe diseases carry significant morbidities such as septic shock, acute kidney injury, bowel perforation, and mortality. immunocompromising conditions increase the risk of developing the disease but whether these individuals suffer a more fulminant course or warrant a more potent first-line treatment is still controversial issue. hereby we report a case of a cirrhotic patient with life-threatening ... | 2016 | 27034681 |
| prebiotics and age, but not probiotics affect the transformation of 2-amino-3-methyl-3h-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) by fecal microbiota - an in vitro study. | heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas) are carcinogens which are formed in meat cooked using high-temperature methods. the human gastrointestinal (gi) microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining health in humans of different ages, and especially in the elderly. however, the gi microbiota, whose metabolism and composition changes with age, may also be responsible for the activation of mutagenic substances reaching the colon with diet. probiotics and prebiotics are promising in terms of reducing t ... | 2016 | 27034248 |
| proton-pump inhibitors adverse effects: a review of the evidence and position statement by the sociedad española de patología digestiva. | in the last few years a significant number of papers have related the use of proton-pump inhibitors (ppis) to potential serious adverse effects that have resulted in social unrest. | 2016 | 27034082 |
| characteristics of clostridium difficile infection in patients with discordant diagnostic test results. | clinical features of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) cases diagnosed by detection of polymerase chain reaction (pcr), with negative toxin enzyme immunoassay results (eia) have not been fully elucidated. the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of cdi patients who had negative eia toxin determinations but positive pcr tests, and their differences in clinical presentation. | 2016 | 27033878 |
| an economic analysis of strategies to control clostridium difficile transmission and infection using an agent-based simulation model. | a number of strategies exist to reduce clostridium difficile (c. difficile) transmission. we conducted an economic evaluation of "bundling" these strategies together. | 2016 | 27031464 |
| magnetic bead-based nucleic acid purification kit: clinical application and performance evaluation in stool specimens. | two different methods - the semi-automated magnetic bead-based kit (sk, stool dna/rna purification kit®) and the manual membrane column-based kit (qs, qiaamp® dna stool mini kit) - for purifying nucleic acids from clinical stool samples were compared and evaluated. the sk kit was more user-friendly than qs due to the reduced manual processing, partial automation, and short turnaround time with half cost. furthermore, sk produced high yields in both dna and rna extractions but poor purity in rna ... | 2016 | 27030641 |
| familial autoinflammation with neutrophilic dermatosis reveals a regulatory mechanism of pyrin activation. | pyrin responds to pathogen signals and loss of cellular homeostasis by forming an inflammasome complex that drives the cleavage and secretion of interleukin-1β (il-1β). mutations in the b30.2/spry domain cause pathogen-independent activation of pyrin and are responsible for the autoinflammatory disease familial mediterranean fever (fmf). we studied a family with a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease, distinct from fmf, characterized by childhood-onset recurrent episodes of neutrophilic ... | 2016 | 27030597 |
| clostridium difficile infection: a model for disruption of the gut microbiota equilibrium. | the gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem defined by the combination of microorganisms living in the gastrointestinal tract. its equilibrium is intimately involved in several aspects of vital process for human physiology and nutrition. its composition changes depending on both exogenous and endogenous factors. the disruption of the gut microbiota by antibiotics often leads to an opportunistic infection by clostridium difficile. the unbalanced intestinal microbiota promotes spore germination, gro ... | 2016 | 27028327 |
| principles of dna-based gut microbiota assessment and therapeutic efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal diseases. | fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt), a process by which the normal gastrointestinal microbiota is restored, has demonstrated extraordinary cure rates for clostridium difficile infection and low recurrence. the community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health status and functions; therefore, together with the rise of fmt, the gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a 'virtual' organ with a level of complexity comparable to that of any other organ system ... | 2016 | 27027524 |
| fecal microbial transplants reduce antibiotic-resistant genes in patients with recurrent clostridium difficile infection. | recurrent clostridium difficile infection (rcdi) is associated with repeated antibiotic treatment and the enhanced growth of antibiotic-resistant microbes. this study tested the hypothesis that patients with rcdi would harbor large numbers of antibiotic-resistant microbes and that fecal microbiota transplantation (fmt) would reduce the number of antibiotic-resistant genes. | 2016 | 27025836 |
| a multi-faceted approach of one teaching hospital nhs trust during the clostridium difficile epidemic-antibiotic management and beyond. | the incidence of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in the uk rose dramatically during the early years of this century, in part associated with the emergence of the hyper-virulent ribotype 027 strain. the university hospitals of leicester (uhl), a 2000-bed acute uk nhs trust, implemented a number of interventions, which led to an 80% reduction in new cases over a twelve month period. changes were introduced as a result of collaboration between the infection prevention team, the departments of ... | 2016 | 27025528 |
| a review of quality measures for assessing the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals. | the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance (amr) has led to calls for antimicrobial stewardship programs (asp) to control antibiotic use in healthcare settings. key strategies include prospective audit with feedback and intervention, and formulary restriction and preauthorization. education, guidelines, clinical pathways, de-escalation, and intravenous to oral conversion are also part of some programs. impact and quality of asp can be assessed using process or outcome measures. outcome meas ... | 2016 | 27025520 |
| the tip of the four n-terminal α-helices of clostridium sordellii lethal toxin contains the interaction site with membrane phosphatidylserine facilitating small gtpases glucosylation. | clostridium sordellii lethal toxin (tcsl) is a powerful virulence factor responsible for severe toxic shock in man and animals. tcsl belongs to the large clostridial glucosylating toxin (lcgt) family which inactivates small gtpases by glucosylation with uridine-diphosphate (udp)-glucose as a cofactor. notably, tcsl modifies rac and ras gtpases, leading to drastic alteration of the actin cytoskeleton and cell viability. tcsl enters cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis and delivers the n-termin ... | 2016 | 27023605 |
| morbidity and mortality in severely burned children with clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. | clostridium difficile is a key culprit underlying nosocomial infectious diarrhea. we investigated the effect of c difficile-associated diarrhea (cdad) on morbidity and mortality in severely burned children and cdad risk factors. | 2016 | 27021599 |
| risk of clostridium difficile infection with the use of a proton pump inhibitor for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients. | proton pump inhibitors (ppis) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (h2ras) are commonly prescribed for stress ulcer prophylaxis (sup) in critically ill patients. several studies have suggested that the use of ppis is a potential risk factor for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we compared the incidences of cdi in the ppi group and h2ra group for sup in critically ill patients. | 2016 | 27021503 |
| evaluating the effects of surotomycin treatment on clostridium difficile toxin a and b production, immune response, and morphological changes. | surotomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide in development for clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. this study aimed to assess the impact of surotomycin exposure on c. difficile toxin a and b concentrations and the associated changes in immune response in comparison to vancomycin and metronidazole. time-kill curve assays were performed using strain r20291 (bi/nap1/027) at supra-mics (4× and 40×) and sub-mics (0.5×) of surotomycin and comparators. following treatment, cfu counts, toxin a and b conc ... | 2016 | 27021314 |
| laboratory-based surveillance of clostridium difficile circulating in australia, september - november 2010. | clostridium difficile rose in prominence in the early 2000s with large-scale outbreaks of a particular binary toxin-positive strain, ribotype 027, in north america and europe. in australia outbreaks of the same scale had not and have not been seen. a survey of c. difficile across australia was performed for 1 month in 2010. a collection of 330 c. difficile isolates from all states and territories except victoria and the northern territory was amassed. pcr ribotyping revealed a diverse array of s ... | 2016 | 27020502 |
| significance of a positive clostridium difficile toxin test after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | patients with hematological malignancies show a high prevalence of asymptomatic colonization with clostridium difficile (cd colonization). therefore, it is difficult to distinguish cd colonization with diarrhea induced by a conditioning regimen from true clostridium difficile infection (cdi) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) recipients. we retrospectively analyzed 308 consecutive patients who underwent a cd toxin a/b enzyme immunoassay test for diarrhea within 100 d after hsct fr ... | 2016 | 27019071 |
| choosing wisely in healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship. | objective to identify choosing wisely items for the american board of internal medicine foundation. methods the society for healthcare epidemiology of america (shea) elicited potential items from a hospital epidemiology listserv, shea committee members, and a shea-infectious diseases society of america compendium with shea research network members ranking items by delphi method voting. the shea guidelines committee reviewed the top 10 items for appropriateness for choosing wisely. five final rec ... | 2016 | 27019058 |
| in vitro selection of rna-cleaving dnazymes for bacterial detection. | dnazymes refer to single-stranded dna molecules with catalytic activity and can be isolated from synthetic random-sequence dna pools using the technique of in vitro selection. dnazymes that cleave rna, known as "rna-cleaving dnazymes", represent one of the best-studied classes of dnazymes and have been widely used for the development of biosensors and bioassays for various analytes. we have been interested in developing rna-cleaving dnazymes as bacterial sensors and these dnazymes are engineered ... | 2016 | 27017912 |
| clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. | 2016 | 27014765 | |
| defining the optimal formulation and schedule of a candidate toxoid vaccine against clostridium difficile infection: a randomized phase 2 clinical trial. | clostridium difficile, a major cause of nosocomial and antibiotic-associated diarrhea, carries a significant disease and cost burden. this study aimed to select an optimal formulation and schedule for a candidate toxoid vaccine against c. difficile toxins a and b. | 2016 | 27013431 |
| molecular characterization of clostridium difficile isolates from human subjects and the environment. | clostridium difficile is a spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobic bacillus that can cause c. difficile infection (cdi). however, only a few studies on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of c. difficile in healthy individuals in china have been reported. we employed a spore enrichment culture to screen for c. difficile in the stool samples of 3699 healthy chinese individuals who were divided into 4 groups: infants younger than 2 years of age and living at home with their parents; children ... | 2016 | 27011211 |
| non-clostridium perfringens infectious agents producing necrotic enteritis-like lesions in poultry. | necrotic enteritis (ne) produced by clostridium perfringens is amongst the most prevalent enteric diseases of chickens and turkeys. however, several other bacterial, parasitic and viral agents can cause clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions in poultry very similar to those of ne and the diseases produced by those agents need to be differentiated from ne. the main differential diagnoses for c. perfringens ne include bacterial (clostridium colinum, clostridium sordellii, clostridium diffic ... | 2016 | 27009483 |
| researching effective approaches to cleaning in hospitals: protocol of the reach study, a multi-site stepped-wedge randomised trial. | the researching effective approaches to cleaning in hospitals (reach) study will generate evidence about the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a novel cleaning initiative that aims to improve the environmental cleanliness of hospitals. the initiative is an environmental cleaning bundle, with five interdependent, evidence-based components (training, technique, product, audit and communication) implemented with environmental services staff to enhance hospital cleaning practices. | 2016 | 27009342 |
| microarrays--new possibilities for detecting biological factors hazardous for humans and animals, and for use in environmental protection. | both the known biological agents that cause infectious diseases, as well as modified (abf-advanced biological factors) or new, emerging agents pose a significant diagnostic problem using previously applied methods, both classical, as well as based on molecular biology methods. the latter, such as pcr and real-time pcr, have significant limitations, both quantitative (low capacity), and qualitative (limited number of targets). the article discusses the results of studies on using the microarray m ... | 2016 | 27007515 |
| improving outcomes in patients receiving dialysis: the peer kidney care initiative. | the past decade has witnessed a marked reduction in mortality rates among patients receiving maintenance dialysis. however, the reasons for this welcome development are uncertain, and greater understanding is needed to translate advances in care into additional survival gains. to fill important knowledge gaps and to enable dialysis provider organizations to learn from one another, with the aim of advancing patient care, the peer kidney care initiative (peer) was created in 2014 by the chief medi ... | 2016 | 27006497 |
| routine prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors and post-transplant complications in kidney transplant recipients undergoing early corticosteroid withdrawal. | surgical stress, corticosteroids, and mycophenolate may contribute to gastrointestinal ulcers/bleeding after kidney transplantation. prophylactic acid suppression with h2ras or ppis is often utilized after transplantation, although unclear if truly indicated after early corticosteroid withdrawal (cswd). ppis have been associated with increased risks of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), pneumonia, and acute rejection. this retrospective cohort study investigated benefits and risks of prolong ... | 2016 | 27004722 |
| impact of room location on uv-c irradiance and uv-c dosage and antimicrobial effect delivered by a mobile uv-c light device. | objective to evaluate ultraviolet c (uv-c) irradiance, uv-c dosage, and antimicrobial effect achieved by a mobile continuous uv-c device. design prospective observational study. methods we used 6 uv light sensors to determine uv-c irradiance (w/cm2) and uv-c dosage (µwsec/cm2) at various distances from and orientations relative to the uv-c device during 5-minute and 15-minute cycles in an icu room and a surgical ward room. in both rooms, stainless-steel disks inoculated with methicillin-resistan ... | 2016 | 27004524 |
| gut microbiome predictors of treatment response and recurrence in primary clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) may not respond to initial therapy and frequently recurs, but predictors of response and recurrence are inconsistent. the impact of specific alterations in the gut microbiota determining treatment response and recurrence in patients with cdi is unknown. | 2016 | 27481036 |
| ultrastructure variability of the exosporium layer of clostridium difficile spores from sporulating cultures and biofilms. | the anaerobic sporeformer clostridium difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea in developed and developing countries. the metabolically dormant spore form is considered the morphotype responsible for transmission, infection, and persistence, and the outermost exosporium layer is likely to play a major role in spore-host interactions during recurrent infections, contributing to the persistence of the spore in the host. a recent study (m. pizarro-guajardo, p. cal ... | 2016 | 27474709 |
| normal, regular and standard: scaling the body through fecal microbial transplants. | in 1987, nancy scheper-hughes and margaret lock proposed "three bodies" to think through biomedicine and the kinds of subjects it produces. in the current article, i revise their theory of three bodies in two ways: first, i suggest that the three bodies are a scaling process, which allows medical governance to manage bodies across scales, from the individual to the group; second, i add two new levels of scalar analysis, the molecular and the microbial, in an attempt to flesh out the three bodies ... | 2016 | 27474685 |
| applications of an automated and quantitative ce-based size and charge western blot for therapeutic proteins and vaccines. | capillary electrophoresis (ce) is a versatile and indispensable analytical tool that can be applied to characterize proteins. in recent years, labor-intensive sds-page and ief slab gels have been replaced with ce-sds (cge) and ce-ief methods, respectively, in the biopharmaceutical industry. these two ce-based methods are now an industry standard and are an expectation of the regulatory agencies for biologics characterization. another important and traditional slab gel technique is the western bl ... | 2016 | 27473492 |
| standardised surveillance of clostridium difficile infection in european acute care hospitals: a pilot study, 2013. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) remains poorly controlled in many european countries, of which several have not yet implemented national cdi surveillance. in 2013, experts from the european cdi surveillance network project and from the european centre for disease prevention and control developed a protocol with three options of cdi surveillance for acute care hospitals: a 'minimal' option (aggregated hospital data), a 'light' option (including patient data for cdi cases) and an 'enhanced' ... | 2016 | 27472820 |
| partly fermented infant formulae with specific oligosaccharides support adequate infant growth and are well-tolerated. | fermented formulae (ferm) and a specific mixture of 90% short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and 10% long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scgos/lcfos; 9:1) have a potential beneficial effect on gastrointestinal function and microbiota development in infants. the present study assessed the safety and tolerance of the combination of partly fermented infant milk formulae and scgos/lcfos compared with either 1 feature, in healthy term infants. | 2016 | 27472478 |
| a comparison of current guidelines of five international societies on clostridium difficile infection management. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is increasingly recognized as an emerging healthcare problem of elevated importance. prevention and treatment strategies are constantly evolving along with the apperance of new scientific evidence and novel treatment methods, which is well-reflected in the differences among consecutive international guidelines. in this article, we summarize and compare current guidelines of five international medical societies on cdi management, and discuss some of the contr ... | 2016 | 27470257 |
| diversity of clostridium difficile pcr ribotypes in europe: results from the european, multicentre, prospective, biannual, point-prevalence study of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients with diarrhoea (euclid), 2012 and 2013. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the major cause of infective diarrhoea in healthcare environments. as part of the european, multicentre, prospective, biannual, point-prevalence study of clostridium difficile infection in hospitalised patients with diarrhoea (euclid), the largest c. difficile epidemiological study of its type, pcr ribotype distribution of c. difficile isolates in europe was investigated. pcr ribotyping was performed on 1,196 c. difficile isolates from diarrhoeal samples ... | 2016 | 27470194 |
| survey of diagnostic and typing capacity for clostridium difficile infection in europe, 2011 and 2014. | suboptimal laboratory diagnostics for clostridium difficile infection (cdi) impedes its surveillance and control across europe. we evaluated changes in local laboratory cdi diagnostics and changes in national diagnostic and typing capacity for cdi during the european c. difficile infection surveillance network (ecdis-net) project, through cross-sectional surveys in 33 european countries in 2011 and 2014. in 2011, 126 (61%) of a convenience sample of 206 laboratories in 31 countries completed a s ... | 2016 | 27469624 |
| survey of clostridium difficile infection surveillance systems in europe, 2011. | to develop a european surveillance protocol for clostridium difficile infection (cdi), existing national cdi surveillance systems were assessed in 2011. a web-based electronic form was provided for all national coordinators of the european cdi surveillance network (ecdis-net). of 35 national coordinators approached, 33 from 31 european countries replied. surveillance of cdi was in place in 14 of the 31 countries, comprising 18 different nationwide systems. three of 14 countries with cdi surveill ... | 2016 | 27469420 |
| difficile indeed. | 2016 | 27469287 | |
| successful treatments with polymyxin b hemoperfusion and recombinant human thrombomodulin for fulminant clostridium difficile-associated colitis with septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation: a case report. | clostridium difficile (cd)-associated colitis (cdac) is endemic and a common nosocomial enteric disease encountered by surgeons in modern hospitals due to prophylactic or therapeutic antibiotic therapies. currently, the incidence of fulminant cdac, which readily causes septic shock followed by multiple organ dysfunction syndromes, is increasing. fulminant cdac requires surgeons to perform a prompt surgery, such as subtotal colectomy, to remove the septic source. it is known that fulminant cdac i ... | 2016 | 27468959 |
| importance of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) in clostridium difficile colonization in vivo. | clostridium difficile is the principal cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. major metabolic requirements for colonization and expansion of c. difficile after microbiota disturbance have not been fully determined. in this study, we show that glutamate utilization is important for c. difficile to establish itself in the animal gut. when the glud gene, which codes for glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), was disrupted, the mutant c. difficile was unable to colonize and cause disease in a hamster mode ... | 2016 | 27467167 |
| characterisation of clostridium difficile strains isolated from groote schuur hospital, cape town, south africa. | the c. difficile infection rate in south africa is concerning. many strains previously isolated from diarrhetic patients at groote schuur hospital were ribotype 017. this study further characterised these strains with respect to their clonal relationships, antibiotic susceptibility, toxin production and various attributes impacting on pathogen colonisation. multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (mlva) was used to characterise all c. difficile isolates. antibiotic susceptibility was d ... | 2016 | 27465145 |
| optimizing the diagnostic testing of clostridium difficile infection. | clostridium difficile infection (cdi) is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and is associated with a considerable health and cost burden. however, there is still not a clear consensus on the best laboratory diagnosis approach and a wide variation of testing methods and strategies can be encountered. | 2016 | 27462827 |
| polonium-210 poisoning: a first-hand account. | polonium-210 ((210)po) gained widespread notoriety after the poisoning and subsequent death of mr alexander litvinenko in london, uk, in 2006. exposure to (210)po resulted initially in a clinical course that was indistinguishable from infection or exposure to chemical toxins, such as thallium. | 2016 | 27461439 |
| impact of malignancy on clostridium difficile infection. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of malignancy and chemotherapy on the clinical and microbiological characteristics of clostridium difficile infections (cdi). | 2016 | 27461221 |
| european society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases: update of the diagnostic guidance document for clostridium difficile infection. | in 2009 the first european society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (escmid) guideline for diagnosing clostridium difficile infection (cdi) was launched. since then newer tests for diagnosing cdi have become available, especially nucleic acid amplification tests. the main objectives of this update of the guidance document are to summarize the currently available evidence concerning laboratory diagnosis of cdi and to formulate and revise recommendations to optimize cdi testing. th ... | 2016 | 27460910 |
| rapid detection of clostridium difficile via magnetic bead aggregation in cost-effective polyester microdevices with cell phone image analysis. | pathogen detection has traditionally been accomplished by utilizing methods such as cell culture, immunoassays, and nucleic acid amplification tests; however, these methods are not easily implemented in resource-limited settings because special equipment for detection and thermal cycling is often required. in this study, we present a magnetic bead aggregation assay coupled to an inexpensive microfluidic fabrication technique that allows for cell phone detection and analysis of a notable pathogen ... | 2016 | 27460478 |
| correction for alcalá et al., comparison of genomera c. difficile and xpert c. difficile as confirmatory tests in a multistep algorithm for diagnosis of clostridium difficile infection. | 2016 | 27458271 | |
| adult intussusception caused by ileocecal clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis. | 2016 | 27457842 | |
| clostridium difficile toxins tcda and tcdb cause colonic tissue damage by distinct mechanisms. | as the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, clostridium difficile is a serious problem in health care facilities worldwide. c. difficile produces two large toxins, tcda and tcdb, which are the primary virulence factors in disease. the respective functions of these toxins have been difficult to discern, in part because the cytotoxicity profiles for these toxins differ with concentration and cell type. the goal of this study was to develop a cell culture model that would allow a side-by- ... | 2016 | 27456833 |
| recombinant mucin-type fusion proteins with a galα1,3gal substitution as clostridium difficile toxin a inhibitors. | the capability of a recombinant mucin-like fusion protein, p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1/mouse igg2b (psgl-1/migg2b), carrying galα1,3galβ1,4glcnac determinants to bind and inhibit clostridium difficile toxin a (tcda) was investigated. the fusion protein, produced by a glyco-engineered stable cho-k1 cell line and designated c-pgc2, was purified by affinity and gel filtration chromatography from large-scale cultures. liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to characterize o-glycans re ... | 2016 | 27456831 |
| characterization of polymorphic forms of rifaximin. | rifaximin is a gut-selective oral antimicrobial that has no systemic adverse effects compared with placebo. it is used for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, traveler's diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, clostridium difficile infection, ulcerative colitis, and acute diarrhea. the crystalline form present in rifaximin, α, has minimal systemic absorption compared to the amorphous form. the objective of this study was to obtain polymorphic forms of rifaximin using recrystallization processes ... | 2016 | 27455934 |
| risk and severity of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection in patients taking proton pump inhibitors. | to compare the rates and severity of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) among patients taking proton pump inhibitors (ppis) versus those not taking ppis. | 2016 | 27455386 |
| the economic burden of hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection: a population-based matched cohort study. | background high-quality cost estimates for hospital-acquired clostridium difficile infection (cdi) are vital evidence for healthcare policy and decision-making. objective to evaluate the costs attributable to hospital-acquired cdi from the healthcare payer perspective. methods we conducted a population-based propensity-score matched cohort study of incident hospitalized subjects diagnosed with cdi (those with the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, 1 ... | 2016 | 27322606 |
| clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impact on morbidity, mortality, and the costs of inpatient care. | type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) is often complicated by infections leading to hospitalization, increased morbidity, and mortality. not much is known about the impact of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) on health outcomes in hospitalized patients with t2dm. we estimated the prevalence and temporal trends of cdi; evaluated the associations between cdi and in-hospital mortality, length of stay (los), and the costs of inpatient care; and compared the impact of cdi with that of other infections ... | 2016 | 27321318 |
| [changes in the epidemiology of clostridium difficile infection during 2005-2014 in salamanca, spain]. | to know the most relevant epidemiological features of clostridium difficile infection (cdi) between 2005- 2014 in the province of salamanca (spain). | 2016 | 27318459 |