Publications

production of human c-myc protein in insect cells infected with a baculovirus expression vector.	a cdna fragment coding for human c-myc was inserted into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced significant amounts of c-myc protein, which constituted the major phosphoprotein component in these cells. by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis, two proteins of 61 and 64 kilodaltons were detected with c-myc-specific antisera. the insect-derived prote ...	1985	3915537
early explorations of the pathways of uridine diphosphate galactose in man and in microorganisms.		1985	3916152
bacteriological analysis of different foods to determine the fitness for human consumption.		1985	3923224
purification and characterization of human h-ras proteins expressed in escherichia coli.	the full-length normal and t24 mutant human h-ras proteins and two truncated derivatives of the t24 mutant were expressed efficiently in escherichia coli. the proteins accumulated to 1 to 5% of total cellular protein, and each was specifically recognized by anti-ras monoclonal antibodies. the two full-length proteins as well as a carboxyl-terminal truncated derivative (deleted for 23 amino acid residues) were soluble upon cell lysis and were purified to 90% homogeneity without the use of denatur ...	1985	3923330
monkey b-lymphotropic papovavirus mutant capable of replicating in t-lymphoblastoid cells.	monkey b-lymphotropic papovavirus (lpv) dna present as free copies in lpv-transformed hamster embryo cells was molecularly cloned in escherichia coli. twenty-two of 24 cloned dnas were 4.9 kilobases long and shorter than the wild-type lpv dna (5.1 kilobases). the shorter dna was nondefective and generated infectious virus (designated lpv-76) upon transfection of human b-lymphoblastoid bja-b cells. lpv-76 dna had a small deletion in the early region and a deletion and an insertion in the control ...	1985	3925162
the different effects of recombinant human interferon-gamma and recombinant human interferon-beta on the activation of natural killer cells.	highly purified recombinant human interferon-gamma produced by escherichia coli (reifn-gamma) was examined for ability to stimulate natural killer (nk) cell cytotoxic activity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbls) in comparison with natural human interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and with recombinant human interferon-beta produced by e. coli (reifn-beta). the activity of reifn-gamma to stimulate nk cell cytotoxicity was about 10 times greater t ...	1985	3928557
secretion of human interferon-alpha induced by using secretion vectors containing a promoter and signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase gene of escherichia coli.	we constructed a new vector containing the promoter and the signal sequence of e. coli phoa gene, the structural gene for the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase. one of the most useful characteristics of this vector is the unique hindiii restriction site located just at the end of the phoa signal sequence. this restriction site was generated by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis without changing the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide. any kind of foreign structural gene can ...	1985	3928609
[basic and clinical studies on cefminox in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].	human pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of cefminox (cmnx, mt-141) were carried out and the following results were obtained. the concentrations of cmnx transferred to the uterus and its appendages after cmnx 1 g intravenous injection were maintained above 12.5 micrograms/g during first 3 hours or more. the concentrations of cmnx transferred to the pelvic dead space exudate were above 12.5 micrograms/ml during 6 hours or more. those concentrations were sufficiently effective against the major ...	1985	3930798
molecular cloning and expression of human tumor necrosis factor and comparison with mouse tumor necrosis factor.	u-937 cells, a monocytic line derived from a human histiocytic lymphoma, were induced for human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) secretion into the medium and were used for the preparation of tnf mrna. biological activity of the latter was quantified in a xenopus laevis oocyte injection system. tnf mrna was enriched by gradient centrifugation and this size-fractionated mrna was used for synthesis of cdna and inserted into the unique psti site of pat153. a recombinant plasmid containing human tnf cdna ...	1985	3932069
expression of normal and activated human ha-ras cdnas in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	we expressed normal and activated human cellular ha-ras cdnas which encode 21,000-dalton polypeptides (p21s) in saccharomyces cerevisiae by their insertion into a 2 micron-based replicating plasmid vector under 3-phosphoglycerate kinase promoter control. we found that newly synthesized p21 in s. cerevisiae was produced as a soluble precursor (pro-p21) which matured into a form electrophoretically indistinguishable from the processed form (p21) observed in mammalian cells. coincident with the pro ...	1985	3939254
an adhesive protein capsule of escherichia coli.	the nature of the adhesive capacity of three hemagglutinating escherichia coli strains that had earlier been described as nonfimbriated was studied. the strains that were isolated from human disease adhered to human buccal and urinary tract epithelial cells, an adhesion that was not inhibited by d-mannose. by crossed immunoelectrophoresis it was shown that the three strains produced a common antigen, z1, developed after growth at 37 degrees c but not 18 degrees c. one of the strains produced an ...	1985	2856913
molecular basis of escherichia coli colonization of the upper urinary tract in balb/c mice. gal-gal pili immunization prevents escherichia coli pyelonephritis in the balb/c mouse model of human pyelonephritis.	most human pyelonephritis escherichia coli isolates express both mannose (ms)- and globoside (gal-gal)-binding pili. an ascending e. coli urinary tract infection model was established in the 16-wk-old female balb/c mouse to compare the pathogenic significance of ms and gal-gal pili and their efficacy as vaccines for the prevention of pyelonephritis. the distribution and density of pilus receptor compounds in urogenital tissues and as soluble compounds in urine were determined with antibodies to ...	1985	2857730
adhesion to human cells by escherichia coli lacking the major subunit of a digalactoside-specific pilus-adhesin.	pathogenic bacteria frequently possess pili with specific binding properties that allow them to attach to epithelial tissue. in escherichia coli, the pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap pili) bind to digalactoside-containing glycolipids on the uroepithelium. transposon-insertion mutants and deletion mutants of the cloned genetic determinant encoding synthesis of such digalactoside-binding pap pili have been studied in e. coli k-12. mutants that completely lack synthesis of the major pap pil ...	1985	2858852
binding of fibronectin to human buccal epithelial cells inhibits the binding of type 1 fimbriated escherichia coli.	the interaction of purified human plasma fibronectin (fn) with human buccal epithelial cells was studied. maximal binding of fn occurred at ph 5. the majority of the binding was specific and reversible. the binding of fn to buccal cells was saturable, reaching a maximum when 10(5) buccal cells were incubated with approximately 200 micrograms of radiolabeled protein per ml. the adherence of a type 1 fimbriated strain of escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells was inhibited by the addition of ...	1985	2859246
colonization antigens and haemagglutination patterns of human escherichia coli.	the haemagglutinating properties of 223 (35 enterotoxigenic and 188 non-enterotoxigenic) escherichia coli strains with nine erythrocyte types were investigated; 153 strains were also tested for beta-haemolysis and colicin production and for the presence of cfa/i, cfa/ii, k88 and k99 antigens. a selected group of strains was also examined by electron microscopy to determine the presence of fimbriae or fibrils and to establish the relationship between these, the haemagglutinating properties and th ...	1985	2862035
expression of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in escherichia coli.	a cloned dna fragment related to pt17 containing a partial cdna sequence of human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was used as a probe to screen for the full length cdna sequence of the enzyme in a lambda gt11 library constructed from human lymphoblastoid km-3 cdna. a recombinant containing a 2068-base pair insert was isolated and recloned into the ecori site of the sequencing plasmic puc-8 as two subclones, pt711 and pt106. dna sequencing and hybridization studies showed that pt711 contain ...	1985	2863268
occurrence of type-1c fimbriae on escherichia coli strains isolated from human extraintestinal infections.	two monoclonal antibodies specific for type-1c fimbriae of escherichia coli were produced. in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting the antibodies, which were of the igg1 isotype, reacted with type-1c, but not with p or type-1 fimbriae of e. coli strain ks71. immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation of crude fimbrial extracts from 25 strains invariably gave an apparent molecular weight of 17 000 for the type-1c fimbrillin. a total of 313 e. coli strains, isolated from patients with ...	1985	2864387
influence of ph and human urine on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin.	the influence of ph on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin was studied in broth and pooled human urine by microdilution susceptibility tests. selected strains of e. coli, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as test organisms. the results show that cultivation at ph 5.7 in urine increased the mic values for all three quinolones 8, 16 and 32-fold compared with broth at ph 7.1. killing curves show that in urine with 10 mcg/ml ciprofloxacin, ...	1985	2941261
assessment of the in vitro and in vivo activity of ciprofloxacin measured against current standards of therapy.	the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in active human serum was investigated using serum-resistant escherichia coli c14 and pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 as test organisms. in 100% or 80% human serum the growth rate of e. coli c14 was lower than in broth. this also influenced the killing rate of ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin was more active in serum than norfloxacin or ofloxacin and killed pseudomonas aeruginosa 220 much more rapidly than azlocillin or tobramycin. rapid killing was also observe ...	1985	2941263
e1a 13s and 12s mrna products made in escherichia coli both function as nucleus-localized transcription activators but do not directly bind dna.	we previously purified and characterized functionally the escherichia coli-expressed product of the human subgroup c adenovirus e1a 13s mrna (b. ferguson, n. jones, j. richter, and m. rosenberg, science 224:1343-1346, 1984; b. krippl, b. ferguson, m. rosenberg, and h. westphal, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 81:6988-6992, 1984). we have now expressed in e. coli and purified the protein product encoded by the human subgroup c adenovirus e1a 12s mrna and have compared the functional properties of this ...	1985	2942760
isolation and structural mapping of a human c-src gene homologous to the transforming gene (v-src) of rous sarcoma virus.	we have utilized a lambda charon 4a human genomic library to isolate recombinant clones harboring a highly conserved c-src locus containing nucleotide sequences homologous to the transforming gene of rous sarcoma virus (v-src). four overlapping clones spanning 24 kilobases of cellular dna were analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping. human c-src sequences homologous to the entire v-src region are present in a 20-kilobase region that contains 11 exons as determined by restriction mapping stu ...	1985	2981336
use of a bacterial expression vector to map the varicella-zoster virus major glycoprotein gene, gc.	the genome of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) encodes at least three major glycoprotein genes. among viral gene products, the gc gene products are the most abundant glycoproteins and induce a substantial humoral immune response (keller et al., j. virol. 52:293-297, 1984). we utilized two independent approaches to map the gc gene. small fragments of randomly digested vzv dna were inserted into a bacterial expression vector. bacterial colonies transformed by this vector library were screened serologi ...	1985	2981365
a vector that replicates as a plasmid and can be efficiently selected in b-lymphoblasts transformed by epstein-barr virus.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) transforms human b-lymphocytes into proliferating blasts which are efficiently established into cell lines. the viral dna in these cell lines is usually present as complete, unintegrated plasmid molecules. a cis-acting element of ebv, orip, permits plasmid maintenance in adherent cells that carry ebv dna. we constructed a vector, phebo, that carries orip and showed that it is also efficiently maintained as a plasmid when introduced into ebv-transformed b-lymphoblasts. th ...	1985	2983194
precise localization of genes on large animal virus genomes: use of lambda gt11 and monoclonal antibodies to map the gene for a cytomegalovirus protein family.	we describe an efficient procedure, which uses monoclonal antibodies directed against specific viral proteins, for the precise mapping of genes on large dna virus genomes. we have used the technique to locate the gene encoding a family of antigenically related dna-binding proteins on the 240-kilobase-pair human cytomegalovirus (cmv) genome. a random library of cmv dna fragments was generated using the prokaryotic vector lambda gt11, which expresses open reading frames as beta-galactosidase fusio ...	1985	2983334
a second nuclear protein is encoded by epstein-barr virus in latent infection.	a region of the epstein-barr virus (ebv) genome that is important in inducing cell proliferation includes a single long open reading frame. part of this open reading frame has been fused to the lacz gene and expressed in escherichia coli. antisera to the fusion protein identify a protein in the nuclei of latently infected growth-transformed lymphocytes and in burkitt tumor cells grown in vitro. this nuclear protein is encoded by a different virus-gene than that which encodes the previously descr ...	1985	2983420
identification of the stable free radical tyrosine residue in ribonucleotide reductase. a sequence comparison.	the small subunit of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase contains a unique tyrosine radical and a binuclear iron center. an alignment of different primary structures of the small subunit in escherichia coli, the marine mollusc spisula solidissima, epstein barr and herpes simplex viruses shows that regions comprising residues 115-122, 204-212 and 234-241 (in e.coli numbering) are strikingly similar and are likely to be recognized as functionally important. two of 16 tyrosine residues and 2 of 8 ...	1985	2984052
cytogenetic studies of stimulated lymphocytes in hairy cell leukemia.	using a sister chromatid differentiation (scd) technique, cell cycle analysis in lymphocytes from two patients with hairy cell leukemia (hcl) revealed it to be similar to cell cycle progression of normal lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide w from escherichia coli 0.55:b5 (lps). it appears that lps can readily stimulate the leukemic cells of hcl into mitosis. in the two cases of b cell hcl studied, one (case 1) was revealed to have an abnormal clone with a missing chromosome #22 that w ...	1985	2985237
homologous recombination catalyzed by human cell extracts.	two plasmids containing noncomplementing and nonreverting deletions in a bacterial phosphotransferase gene conferring resistance to neomycin (neor) were incubated with human cell extracts, and the mixtures were used to transform recombination-deficient (reca-) escherichia coli cells. we were able to obtain neor colonies at a frequency of 2 x 10(-3). this frequency was 100 to 1,000 times higher than that obtained with no extracts. the removal of riboadenosine 5'-triphosphate, mg2+, or deoxynucleo ...	1985	2985967
nucleotide sequence of a functional cdna for human thymidylate synthase.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone, pchts-1, encoding human thymidylate synthase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate: dump c-methyltransferase, ec 2.1.1.45) which was previously isolated from a human fibroblast expressible cdna library and functional in mouse cells. the 1.6 kilobase cdna insert of pchts-1 encodes a subunit protein of 313 amino acid (mr = 35,706) and its predicted amino acid sequence is highly conserved in many regions including folylpolyglutamate and 5-fluoro ...	1985	2987839
cloning, sequence and expression of two distinct human interleukin-1 complementary dnas.	two distinct but distantly related complementary dnas encoding proteins sharing human interleukin-1 (il-1) activity (termed il-1 alpha and il-1 beta), were isolated from a macrophage cdna library. the primary translation products of the genes are 271 and 269 amino acids long, although expression in escherichia coli of the carboxy-terminal 159 and 153 amino acids produces il-1 biological activity.	1985	2989698
[genetic transformation of somatic cells. iii. an analysis of the status of the plasmid nucleotide sequences in the extrachromosomal dna of transformant clone cells and the rescue of extrachromosomal molecules of the plasmid dna].	extrachromosomal dnas from tk+ transformant clones of a238 chinese hamster cells isolated after the treatment with plasmid pst826 containing thymidine kinase gene (tk-gene) of herpes simplex virus (hsv1) and 1.8 kb insert of human satellite iii dna (hsiii) were studied by hybridization technique. in two tk+-clones (2t301 and 2t16) large quantities of rearranged plasmid dna molecules were found. electron microscopy show in clone 2t301 the presence of circular dnas with average length being 4.64 + ...	1985	2990075
cloning and characterization of the cdnas for human and rabbit interleukin-1 precursor.	dna sequence complementary to the mrna for rabbit interleukin-1 precursor (preil-1) has been cloned from the cdna library constructed using partially purified poly(a)+rna from induced rabbit alveolar macrophages by mrna hybridization-translation assay. by using this cdna as a probe, human il-1 cdna was isolated from the cdna library prepared using poly(a)+rna from induced hl-60 cells, a human monocyte-like cell line. the amino acid sequences of the human and rabbit preil-1 deduced from the cdna ...	1985	2994016
the immortalization of human lymphocytes by spheroplast fusion.	a method for immortalizing animal cells based on the spheroplast fusion technique of schaffner is being developed. human lymphocytes have been fused with e. coli spheroplasts containing the plasmid ptsv3, which represents the entire sv40 genome cloned into the ecori restriction enzyme site of the plasmid pat153. the efficiency of transformation was examined using ptsv3 and derivatives which have deletions in parts of the late gene sequences. although there was a marked increase in the survival t ...	1985	2995167
expression of polypeptide segments of the human complement component c3 in e. coli: genetic and immunological characterization of cdna clones specific for the alpha-chain of c3.	the third component of complement c3 and its fragments have a central role in a variety of host defense mechanisms. the identification of functionally relevant c3 domains is important because of the marked functional versatility of the c3 molecule. several human c3 cdna clones from a human liver cdna library were isolated and characterized. a bacterial expression vector system was used to express cdna clones that were identified by an immunological screening procedure. the c3 cdna clones produce ...	1985	2995491
sequence-specific dna binding of the epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen (ebna-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region.	latently infected b lymphocytes continuously express an epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen (ebna-1) required in trans for maintenance of the plasmid state of the ebv genome. filter binding assays and dnaase i footprinting analyses revealed that the carboxy-terminal domain of ebna-1 protects binding sites at three different loci in the 172,000 bp ebv genome. two of these loci correspond to essential elements within an 1800 bp segment defined as the minimal region required for plasmid maintenance ...	1985	2996781
a cloned sequence, p82h, of the alphoid repeated dna family found at the centromeres of all human chromosomes.	clone p82h is a human dna sequence which hybridises in situ exclusively to the centromeric regions of all human chromosomes. it is composed of approximately 14 tandemly repeated variants of a basic 172 bp sequence, and is related to the alphoid family. the organisation of the family of cross-hybridising sequences, detected by the clone p82h, is described both in the human genome and on certain chromosomes, and its relationship to known sequence families is discussed.	1985	2996845
molecular cloning of the mason-pfizer monkey virus genome: characterization and cloning of subgenomic fragments.	the molecular characterization of the proviral dna genome of mason-pfizer monkey virus (m-pmv), the prototype d-type retrovirus, is described. an analysis of unintegrated viral dnas present in acutely infected cells revealed open and closed circular molecules and linear species. the size of the m-pmv linear proviral dna is determined to be 8.1 kbp in length. a preliminary screening of restriction enzymes indicated that many of those commonly used for cloning (ecori, sali, clai, xhoi) did not cut ...	1985	2997984
tumor necrosis factor: specific binding and internalization in sensitive and resistant cells.	highly purified, escherichia coli-derived recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was labeled with 125i and employed to determine receptor binding, internalization, and intracellular degradation in murine l929 cells (highly sensitive to the cytotoxic action of tnf) and in diploid human fs-4 cells (resistant to tnf cytotoxicity). 125i-labeled tnf bound specifically to high-affinity receptors on both l929 and fs-4 cells. scatchard analysis of the binding data indicated the presence of 2200 b ...	1985	2999773
alterations upstream from the shine-dalgarno region and their effect on bacterial gene expression.	a vector containing the leftward promoter (pl) as transcription initiation signal and a synthetic, easily adaptable translation initiation region have been constructed. we have used the expression system to assess the relevance of sequences upstream from the shine-dalgarno (sd) region in the translational-initiation process. to this end, a series of structural variants of the prototype ribosome-binding site were used to direct the synthesis of both mature human fibroblast interferon and beta-gal ...	1985	3000873
cloning of the breakpoint of an x;21 translocation associated with duchenne muscular dystrophy.	duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) is an x-linked recessive disorder which affects approximately 1 in 3,300 males, making it the most common of the neuromuscular dystrophies. the biochemical basis of the disease is unknown and as yet no effective treatment is available. a small number of females are also affected with the disease, and these have been found to carry x; autosome translocations involving variable autosomal sites but always with a breakpoint within band xp21 of the x chromosome (impl ...	1985	3001530
the laci shuttle: rapid analysis of the mutagenic specificity of ultraviolet light in human cells.	a system has been devised that allows the effect of mutagens acting in human cells to be readily analyzed at the dna sequence level. the bacterial gene laci, carried on a shuttle vector, is introduced into human tissue culture cells by transfection and allowed to replicate in the cell nucleus. twenty-four to 48 hr after transfection, the cells are exposed to a mutagen. after 1-2 days of further replication, vector dna is purified and transfected back into escherichia coli for scoring and analysi ...	1985	3001711
cloning, sequencing, and chromosomal localization of human term placental alkaline phosphatase cdna.	a human term (third trimester) placental alkaline phosphatase (plap; ec 3.1.3.1) cdna was isolated from a human placental lambda gt11 cdna library. the expression library was screened by using rabbit antibodies against plap and oligonucleotide probes. dna sequence analysis of a positive clone with an insert of 2.7 kilobase pairs allowed us to predict the complete amino acid sequence of plap (530 residues), which coincided with the reported 42 n-terminal amino acid sequence of plap except at posi ...	1985	3001717
binding of unglycosylated and glycosylated human recombinant interferon-gamma to cellular receptors.	recombinant human interferons (ifns), either unglycosylated produced in e. coli (rifn-gamma) or glycosylated produced in cho cells (g-rifn-gamma), were labeled with 125i to similar specific activities to study their interaction with cell-surface receptors. when analyzed by gel electrophoresis, rifn-gamma run as a single polypeptide of mr 15,000-17,000, whereas g-rifn-gamma separated into three components of mr 20,000, 22,000, and 43,000, which corresponded to the known size of the two monomeric ...	1985	2932505
nonrandom insertion of tn5 into cloned human adenovirus dna.	the bacterial transposable element tn5 displays regional selectivity in target sites for transposition. to examine this integration specificity of tn5, we have mapped 57 insertion events in a plasmid pxc1 containing a eukaryotic viral dna fragment as a target for tn5 insertional mutagenesis. we found a nonrandom distribution of integration sites in pxc1, suggesting preferred targets for transposition. however, dna sequence analysis of seven mutants revealed no target site sequence specificity fo ...	1985	3005126
adeno-associated virus vector for high-frequency integration, expression, and rescue of genes in mammalian cells.	we describe the construction of an adeno-associated virus (aav) vector in which the coding sequence of the procaryotic gene neo is expressed under the control of the major aav promoter p40. this aav-neo vector allowed stable expression of neo as a dominant selective marker in mammalian cells by selection of cells which were resistant to the antibiotic geneticin (g418). when the vector was introduced into human (293 or hela) cell lines by a dna transfection procedure, stable geneticin-resistant c ...	1985	3018511
bactericidal effects of photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative.	hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd) localizes selectively in malignant and rapidly metabolizing tissues and undergoes a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. hpd has been studied extensively with regard to the diagnosis and treatment of tumors but not with regard to bactericidal activity. this investigation assessed the effect of light-activated hpd on various microorganisms, on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and on the interactions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes ...	1985	3155547
osmotic stress and the freeze-thaw cycle cause shedding of fc and c3b receptors by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	a major problem in the cryopreservation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) is the loss of phagocytic function in cryopreserved cells. this is not a problem with cryopreserved monocytes. to study the reasons for this difference in detail, pmn and monocytes were either osmotically stressed in hypertonic media or were frozen to various temperatures. cells were then returned to conditions of physiologic osmolarity and temperature. all cells remained viable. however, the ability of pmn to ph ...	1985	3157755
gene fusions to the ptsm/pel locus of escherichia coli.	we have constructed gene fusions between ptsm/pel and lacz. these fusions affect both phenotypes assigned to the ptsm/pel locus (at 40 min), namely, no growth on mannose or glucosamine and inhibition of the penetration of bacteriophage lambda dna, as well as that of other lambdoid phages such as hy-2. since the lacz gene fusions are insertion mutations that abolish target gene function by disrupting the linear contiguity of the gene, it would appear that ptsm and pel are either the same gene or ...	1985	3162078
chemiluminescence response of the human polymorphonuclear neutrophil to lipopolysaccharides.	polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) respond to a variety of stimuli with a sequence of reactions that lead to the production of "active oxygen" species, including h2o2, free radicals, such as superoxide (o2-.) and hydroxyl (ho.), and singlet molecular oxygen (1o2). some of these can oxidize (5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine 1,4-dione) (luminol) to the ground state aminophthalate ion; this reaction sequence is accompanied by the generation of a photon and forms the basis for the chemiluminescence ( ...	1985	2420454
slo4, a new interferon inducer isolated from klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli.	a product isolated from klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, coded slo4, has been shown to be effective in endogenous interferon induction in vivo in mouse when administered ip or iv, and in vitro with human leukocyte cultures. in these two systems induced interferon was defined. the inducer has not yet been characterized but seems not to belong to any components known to be interferon inducers such as viral particles, nucleic acids or endotoxins. an analytical study will be carried out t ...	1985	2409177
deposition of c3b and ic3b onto particulate activators of the human complement system. quantitation with monoclonal antibodies to human c3.	monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the number and molecular form of c3 bound to particulate activators of the complement (c) system by human serum. sheep erythrocytes (e) coated with igm (eigm) and igg (eigg) were used to study activation of the classical pathway (cp). yeast (y), rabbit erythrocytes (er), and five species of bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, streptococcus pyogenes, and hemophilus influenzae type b) were used to study ac ...	1985	2409200
structure of the human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene: sequence homology with other human acute phase protein genes.	we have determined the sequence coding for human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from two independently isolated cdna clones and a genomic clone. the aminoacid sequences deduced from the three clones, deriving from three different individuals, are identical. southern blot analysis on human dna indicates that there are at least two genes coding for alpha 1-agp. we propose that alpha 1-agp found in plasma is a mixture of the products of these two different genes. this is the simpler explanation for the ...	1985	2409529
inhibition of mast cell sensitization in vitro by a human immunoglobulin epsilon-chain fragment synthesized in escherichia coli.	an immunoglobulin epsilon-chain fragment was synthesized in e. coli by cloning and expression of the gene coding for the second, third and fourth constant domains of the human ige heavy chain. the bacterial ch2-4 polypeptide product was assembled by oxidation into a covalently linked dimeric epsilon-chain molecule presumably analogous to the fc region of native ige. this bacterial fc epsilon preparation, within the concentration range 0.01-10 micrograms/ml, inhibited sensitization of human lung ...	1985	2412840
bacterial adherence and hemolysin production from escherichia coli induces histamine and leukotriene release from various cells.	we investigated the role of bacterial adherence and hemolysin production from escherichia coli parent and genetically cloned strains as to their effects on histamine release from rat mast cells and leukotriene generation from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. these mediators were involved in the induction of inflammatory disease processes and led, for example, to enhancement of vascular permeability, chemotaxis (leukotriene b4 [ltb4]), chemoaggregation, lysosomal enzyme release, and smooth m ...	1985	2412960
characterization of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. serotypes, enterotoxins, adhesion fimbriae, and the presence of plasmids.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of human and procine origin were characterized with respect to their o and h antigens, fimbrial antigens, and type of enterotoxin produced. enterotoxin production was determined by bioassay (infant mice) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa). the presence of genes coding for the enterotoxins was determined by dna-dna hybridization. the number and molecular size of plasmids in the enterotoxigenic strains were determined by gel electrophoresis. strains with the sam ...	1985	2413710
reconstitution of rnaase p activity using inactive subunits from e. coli and hela cells.	hela cell rnaase p activity found in the flow-through of anti-sm affinity columns can be separated into inactive rna and protein components. these components can be used to reconstitute active hybrid enzyme complexes with purified subunits from e. coli rnaase p. the rna in the hela cell fractions employed is enriched for species between 85 and 115 nucleotides long. this reconstitution assay is a convenient means of purifying the functional rna and protein of hela cell rnaase p. probes derived fr ...	1986	2417727
[mechanism of action of quinolones].	how do the quinolones inhibit bacteria? the chromosome of bacteria is composed of helical double-stranded dna and contains 60 to 70 spatial regions of organisation, termed domains of supercoiling. each domain is about 20 mu long, attached to an rna core and is organised by supercoiling which occurs quite independently of the dna coiling in any other domain. supercoiling is controlled by the enzyme dna gyrase, which introduces transient breaks into both dna strands of each domain, removes about 4 ...	1986	2420724
the human 18s ribosomal rna gene: evolution and stability.	we report the 1,870-base-pair primary sequence of a human 18s rrna gene and propose a secondary structure based on this sequence and the general mammalian structure. a basic secondary structure for the small subunit rrna has been preserved throughout evolution by compensatory and neutral base changes in double-stranded regions. the molecule contains eight regions that can vary in structure and that comprise 432 bases, while 1,438 bases belong to regions of conserved structure among all species t ...	1986	2422931
influence of bacterial endotoxins on basophil histamine release. potentiation of antigen- and bacteria-induced histamine release.	the histamine-releasing capability of lipopolysaccharides (lps) was examined in human leukocyte suspensions. lps alone did not release histamine, but was found to enhance the histamine release caused by anti-ige. also the ige-mediated histamine release caused by specific antigens (allergens or bacteria) in sensitized individuals was enhanced by lps. the potentiating effect of lps was observed in grass pollen and dog dander allergic patients as well as in patients sensitized to e. coli or staph. ...	1986	2422974
are cross-reacting natural antibodies multispecific?	human natural antibodies to antigens of escherichia coli and serratia marcescens were studied for cross-reactivity. the organisms were grown on synthetic media and extracted at 100 degrees c. the extracts were precipitated three times at 71% ethanol concentration and redissolved at the desired concentration. these preparations were referred to as escherichia antigen (ea) and serratia antigen (sa). they readily coated red blood cells (rbc), which then could be used for passive agglutination tests ...	1986	2423463
[new data on the biological action of normal immunoglobulins].	experiments on 2,520 cba mice (cba x x c57bl) f1 nice have shown that the injection of homologous serum immunoglobulins (obtained from intact and blood-stimulated animals), made 2 hours after gamma irradiation from a 60co source, prevents the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis and endogenous infection. the injection of mouse and human immunoglobulins to nonirradiated mice improved their resistance to experimental infection with escherichia coli live culture, increased the expression of rec ...	1986	2425516
use of a portable ribosome-binding site for maximizing expression of a eukaryotic gene in escherichia coli.	to maximize expression of a eukaryotic gene in escherichia coli, a series of plasmids were constructed containing various synthetic ribosome-binding sites (rbs). these sites consist of a shine-dalgarno (sd) region (with translation stop codons in all three reading frames) positioned at distances 5-9 nucleotides (nt) from the aug initiator codon of the gene coding for human t-cell growth factor (tcgf or il-2). the region encompassing the rbs through the tcgf structural gene from each of these pla ...	1986	2426157
expression of reverse transcriptase activity of human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii/lav) in escherichia coli.	the pol gene from a biologically active clone of the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type iii provirus was inserted into a bacterial expression vector. the resulting gene fusion induced the formation of active reverse transcriptase that could be readily detected in extracts of bacterial cells. the activity exhibited the template and divalent cation requirements of the authentic enzyme. these constructs will be useful for safe and rapid analysis of potential inhibitors of this important enzyme.	1986	2426471
polymyositis and molecular mimicry, a mechanism of autoimmunity.	the amino acid sequences of escherichia coli histidyl-trna synthetase and alanyl-trna synthetase, two proteins recently identified as autoantigens in polymyositis, were compared by a computer alignment procedure with those of the 3600 proteins tabulated in the national biomedical research foundation protein sequence database. both proteins contain sequences long enough to function as epitopes that match sequences on viral and muscle proteins. the homology thus revealed not only lends strong supp ...	1986	2427902
use of the phage lambda pl promoter for high-level expression of human interferons in escherichia coli.		1986	2429151
monoclonal antibodies against escherichia coli heat-stable toxin (sta) and their use in a diagnostic st ganglioside gm1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against heat-stable enterotoxin (st) from a human escherichia coli isolate were prepared and evaluated for their usefulness in an st immunodetection assay, the st ganglioside gm1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). this assay is based on the ability of sta, as present in, for example, culture filtrates from st-producing e. coli, to inhibit specific anti-st antibody from binding to solid-phase-bound st ganglioside (gm1-bound st-cholera b subunit). four of ...	1986	2429984
the l2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 1a encodes a minor structural protein carrying type-specific antigens.	the proteins encoded by the open reading frames of papillomavirus genomes and the minor polypeptides detected in purified virions are still poorly defined. we show here by its expression in escherichia coli that the open reading frame l2 of human papillomavirus type 1a codes for a minor structural protein of mr 76,000. antisera raised against a truncated l2-beta-galactosidase fusion protein in which the conserved n-terminal region of l2 is missing are type specific for human papillomavirus type ...	1986	2430112
endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai): a new member of the serpin gene family.	a human endothelial cdna expression library, based on the escherichia coli plasmid puc9, was screened with a heterologous antibody raised against purified bovine aortic endothelial plasminogen activator inhibitor (pai). a synthetic oligonucleotide, derived from a partial pai cdna expression clone, was used to select a full-length pai cdna, the size of which coincides with the length of pai mrna (approximately 2350 nucleotides) as determined by northern blot analysis. the authenticity of full-len ...	1986	2430793
[preparation and characterization of specific antisera directed against different polypeptide domains encoded by the c-myc oncogene for studying the expression of this gene introduced into quail or rat cells].	by using bacterial expression vectors, we have prepared antisera directed against two polypeptidic domains encoded by exons 2 and 3 of the human c-myc oncogene. these antisera which detect specifically the human c-myc proteins allow us to analyse the expression of human c-myc gene activated by retroviral sequences and introduced in quail embryo cells (qec) or in established rat embryo fibroblastic cell line (208 f). although human myc mrna are expressed in the two cell types, the p64/p67 human c ...	1986	2433006
functionally important conserved amino-acids in interferon-alpha 2 identified with analogues produced from synthetic genes.	a gene was chemically synthesised and expressed in escherichia coli to produce [ala30,32,33]ifn-alpha 2, an analogue of human alpha 2-interferon (ifn-alpha 2) which is devoid of activity on human cells. eight additional analogues provided single changes in ifn-alpha 2 at each of these three conserved positions. no one residue is essential for activity, but both antiviral and anti-proliferative activity are particularly sensitive to changes in the side-chain of arg33.	1986	3081003
identification of a positive retroregulator that stabilizes mrnas in bacteria.	a positive retroregulator that enhances the expression of an upstream gene(s) has been identified. it resides within a 381-base pair (bp) restriction fragment containing the transcriptional terminator of the crystal protein (cry) gene from bacillus thuringiensis vs. kurstaki hd-1. this fragment was fused to the distal ends of either the penicillinase (penp) gene of bacillus licheniformis or the interleukin 2 cdna from the human jurkat cell line. in both cases, the half-lives of the mrnas derived ...	1986	3085085
effects of human serum on bacterial competition with neutrophils for molecular oxygen.	a dialyzable factor(s) in human serum is known to stimulate gonococcal oxygen consumption. its effect on other human pathogens was investigated. a 10% serum solution increased peak o2 consumption for escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus to 157% (p less than 0.05) and 199% (p less than 0.02), respectively, of their o2 consumption when suspended in hanks balanced salt solution, compared with a 356% increase for neisseria gonorrhoeae with serum. dialyzed serum lacked stimulatory capacity. bac ...	1986	3086230
cloning, sequence, and expression of bovine interferon-gamma.	bovine interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) sequences have been isolated by screening a cdna library with a human ifn-gamma cdna probe. the cdna library was constructed from rna isolated from concanavalin a-stimulated bovine lymph node cells. the open reading frame predicts that the bovine ifn-gamma precursor is composed of 166 amino acids with a predicted m.w. of 19,393. alignment of the amino acid sequence with human ifn-gamma indicates that mature bovine ifn-gamma is composed of 143 amino acids with ...	1986	3086437
antibacterial effects of ticarcillin/clavulanic acid in animal models of infection.	the therapeutic effects produced by ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid were compared with those of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid separately against infections in the mouse caused by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the infections studied included a pneumonia model, a local tissue infection and pyelonephritis. the distribution of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid in infected animals was evaluated by measurement of the concentrations of the substances present at sites of infection. the results sho ...	1986	3087934
role of polycationic c-terminal portion in the structure and activity of recombinant human interferon-gamma.	purified recombinant human interferon-gamma, produced in escherichia coli, was digested with trypsin under mild conditions, resulting in a preparation containing approximately 90% of a mr = 15,800 protein and 10% of a 14,400 protein. the mr = 15,800 protein has an intact n terminus and the mr = 14,400 protein lacks 14 n-terminal residues. both proteins lack c terminus of approximately 13 residues. this preparation containing the mr = 15,800 and 14,400 proteins was identical with the intact prote ...	1986	3087976
a human monoclonal macroglobulin with specificity for alpha(2----8)-linked poly-n-acetyl neuraminic acid, the capsular polysaccharide of group b meningococci and escherichia coli k1, which crossreacts with polynucleotides and with denatured dna.	we have described an igm antibody from a patient with macroglobulinemia specifically reacting with poly-alpha(2----8)n-acetyl neuraminic acid (neunac) the capsular polysaccharide of two important human pathogens, group b meningococcus and e. coli k1. this antibody has a narrowly defined specificity in its interactions with polysaccharides, being unable to bind poly-alpha(2----9)neunac or alternating poly-alpha(2----8)alpha(2----9)neunac. however, it shows interesting crossreactivity with seeming ...	1986	3088209
polyclonal antibody formation of human lymphocytes to bacterial components.	the capacity of various bacterial components to induce antibody formation in human lymphocyte cultures was studied in the present investigation. antibody levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). lipopolysaccharide (lps), bacterial cell walls (cw, isolated from bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus wood 46) and peptidoglycans (pg) appeared to stimulate igm, igg and iga secretion, whereas lysozyme-solubilized pg and teichoic acids (ta) were ineffective. also, u ...	1986	3089918
cloning and sequence of a cdna coding for the human beta-migrating endothelial-cell-type plasminogen activator inhibitor.	a lambda gt11 expression library containing cdna inserts prepared from human placental mrna was screened immunologically using an antibody probe developed against the beta-migrating plasminogen activator inhibitor (beta-pai) purified from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. thirty-four positive clones were isolated after screening 7 x 10(5) phages. three clones (lambda 1.2, lambda 3, and lambda 9.2) were randomly picked and further characterized. these contained inserts 1.9, 3.0, and 1.9 k ...	1986	3092219
purification of recombinant human immune interferon.		1986	3093802
determination of the complete amino acid sequence of recombinant human gamma-interferon produced in escherichia coli.	the complete amino acid sequence of recombinant human gamma-interferon (huifn-gamma) produced in escherichia coli was determined using a gas-phase protein sequencer. the sequence was established by automated edman degradation on the intact protein and its peptides obtained after staphylococcus aureus v8 protease or trypsin digestion. the result was identical to the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned huifn-gamma cdna except that it was missing the four carbox ...	1986	3095440
production of specific antibodies against protein a fusion proteins.	the gene for staphylococcal protein a was fused to the coding sequence of bacterial beta-galactosidase, alkaline phosphatase and human insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i). the fusion proteins, expressed in bacteria, were purified by affinity chromatography on igg-sepharose and antibodies were raised in rabbits. all three fusion proteins elicited specific antibodies against both the inserted protein sequences and the protein a moiety. in the case of igf-i, the protein a moiety in the fusion prot ...	1986	3096719
[design of a recombinant plasmid allowing the selection of an optimal promotor for the human interferon alpha2 gene].		1986	3097525
the complete amino acid sequences of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart, and inferences on evolution of the isoenzymes.	we report here the complete amino acid sequences of the cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferases from horse heart. the two sequences can be aligned so that 48.1% of the amino acid residues are identical. the sequences have been compared with those of the cytosolic isoenzymes from pig and chicken, the mitochondrial isoenzymes from pig, chicken, rat, and human, and the enzyme from escherichia coli. the results suggest that the mammalian cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes have ev ...	1986	3104605
penetration in vitro of human and ferret dentine by three bacterial species in relation to their potential role in pulpal inflammation.		1986	3108162
clinical experience with somatrem in growth hormone deficiency.	three studies of human growth hormone (hgh) in hgh deficiency were initiated. in the first of these, adolescent patients were switched from pituitary hgh to somatrem (si preparation) for 1 month. no significant differences were noted in any of the clinical parameters measured during treatment with either preparation. in the second study, nine patients (six of them naïve) were treated with somatrem (sii preparation) for 9-12 months. the naïve patients exhibited catch-up growth, and bone age devel ...	1986	3296638
abilities of human oligodendroglial cells and mouse schwann cells to phagocytose mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria.	human oligodendroglial kg-1-c cells derived from human cerebral mixed glioma and mouse schwann cells derived from dorsal root ganglion were studied with respect to their abilities to phagocytose various mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium leprae, and other microorganisms. kg-1-c cells phagocytosed m. leprae at a markedly higher rate than balb/3t3, bhk 21, hela s3, mks-a tu-7, xc, tsv-5, n-18, and schwann cells but at a lower rate than peritoneal macrophages. schwann cells also exhibited subst ...	1986	3510165
hepatitis b virus polypeptide x: expression in escherichia coli and identification of specific antibodies in sera from hepatitis b virus-infected humans.	sequence analysis of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome revealed the presence of an open reading frame (orf x) which has the potential to encode a 154-amino acid polypeptide. a fusion protein containing 145 of the amino acids encoded by orf x and 8 amino acids of beta-galactosidase was expressed and characterized in bacterial extracts. immunoprecipitations with the orf x fusion protein as a radioactively labeled antigen were performed to screen sera of humans infected with hbv for the presence o ...	1986	3510311
the primary structure of the alpha subunit of human elongation factor 1. structural aspects of guanine-nucleotide-binding sites.	the primary structure of the alpha subunit of elongation factor 1 (ef-1 alpha) from human molt 4 cells was determined by cdna sequencing. the data show that the conservation of the amino acid sequence is more than 80% when compared with yeast and artemia ef-1 alpha. an inventory of amino acid sequences around the guanine-nucleotide-binding site in elongation factor tu from escherichia coli and homologous amino acid sequences in g proteins, initiation and elongation factors and proteins from the ...	1986	3512269
aerobactin-mediated iron uptake by escherichia coli isolates from human extraintestinal infections.	a total of 516 strains of escherichia coli were screened for the presence and expression of the aerobactin iron uptake system. the incidence was markedly higher among clinical isolates from patients with septicemia (68.8%), pyelonephritis (74.6%), and symptomatic (59.8%) and asymptomatic (63.2%) lower urinary tract infections than among normal human fecal isolates (34.3%).	1986	3512445
local and systemic antibody responses to naturally acquired enterotoxigenic escherichia coli diarrhea in an endemic area.	fifteen patients hospitalized with acute, watery diarrhea and with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) detected from stool samples were studied to evaluate the extent to which natural etec diarrhea induces local and systemic antibody responses to e. coli heat-labile toxin (lt), homologous lipopolysaccharide (lps), and colonization factors (cfa/i and cfa/ii). specific iga and igg antibodies to lt, cfa i and ii, and each patient's homologous lps were determined by elisa in serum, saliva, breas ...	1986	3512729
interleukin 1 activity produced by human rheumatoid and normal dendritic cells.	dendritic cells (dc) from the synovial inflammatory tissue and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from the peripheral blood of normal blood donors were compared with the autologous monocytes for their capacity to produce and release interleukin 1 (il-1). synovial dc often spontaneously released higher amounts of il-1 activity than unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peripheral blood dc and monocytes. the il-1 production by both dc and monocytes increased after ...	1986	3513302
phenotypic variations among enterotoxigenic o-groups of escherichia coli from various human populations.	etec isolates from various sources (children from ethiopia and some asian countries, and swedish tourists suffering from traveller's disease) were analysed with the aid of "biochemical fingerprinting", which is a highly discriminative, computerized method designed to subdivide e. coli isolates into different phenotypes. isolates belonging to the most common etec o-groups and others which had not been typeable with available o-antisera were selected. it was found that certain phenotypes of o-grou ...	1986	3515144
[microbiologic findings in nephrology].	infections of the urinary tract belong to the most frequently encountered bacterial diseases of man. up to 20% of urinary tract infections take a chronic course and thus give rise for complications. culture and identification of microorganisms as well as susceptibility testing are an essential part of the diagnostic procedures and give a basis for specific treatment. bacteriological reports have an increasing importance also for the physician in private practice, since therapy failures and compl ...	1986	3515774
the role of lipoproteins and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) from escherichia coli 0111:b4 to human monocyte-macrophages cultured in serum results in suppression of scavenger receptor activity. the present studies were performed to examine if the effect on scavenger receptor activity was mediated by lps alone or by lps in association with lipoproteins. radioiodinated lps (125i-lps) was added to human plasma in vitro and to normal and hyperlipidemic rabbit plasma in vitro and in vivo to determine the distr ...	1986	3517876
molecular cloning of the gene encoding rabbit tumor necrosis factor.	a rabbit genomic dna library was screened using a cloned cdna encoding rabbit tumor necrosis factor (tnf) as a probe. the entire gene sequence appears to be contained within a 3.2-kb eco ri fragment. comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the gene with that of the cdna showed that the gene consists of four exons. the nucleotide sequence of the rabbit tnf gene is very homologous to that of the human tnf gene. southern hybridization of the genomic dnas showed that there is likely only a single t ...	1986	3519138
inhibitory effect of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons on adherence of escherichia coli to human epithelial cells.	adherence of escherichia coli to epithelial cells is postulated to be a necessary step in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. investigations have focused on the role of carbohydrates in adherence because of the ability of mannose to inhibit adherence; however, there have been several reports of an additional hydrophobic receptor. here we describe the inhibition of adherence mediated by substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and the relationship of our findings to support the role o ...	1986	3519463
bactericidal action of eosinophils from normal human blood.	the ability of normal human eosinophils to ingest and kill staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli was investigated and compared with the reactions shown by neutrophils from the same donors. the rate of phagocytosis of s. aureus by eosinophils was 50% of that shown by neutrophils. unlike neutrophils, eosinophils were not able to kill ingested s. aureus at low bacterium/phagocyte ratios. the degree of s. aureus killing increased with increasing ratios, being equal to that of neutrophils when b ...	1986	3522428
self-assembling cytotoxins.	decanal and n-amino-n'-1-octylguanidine (aog), combined at 28 microm each, mediated erythrocyte lysis within 80 minutes under physiological conditions. by contrast, no lysis was observed after 20 hours with either decanal (56 microm) or aog (100 microm) alone. the pronounced synergism observed for these chemicals and similar reactive pairs of chemicals is due to the self-assembly of more cytotoxic hydrazones in situ. decanal and aog also exhibit synergistic activity against cultured human cells ...	1986	3523757
microbial filtrates activate granulocytes without complement or prostaglandins.	cardiorespiratory dysfunction in sepsis may be mediated by circulating complement, activated leukocytes, prostaglandins, or by a direct effect of endotoxin. the purposes of this study were to determine if pathogenic microbes produce these substances and to evaluate the direct effects of substances released by micro-organisms on granulocyte aggregation (ga). escherichia coli, (e. coli), aeromonas hydrophila (aeromonas h.), staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), and candida albicans, (candida a.) were ...	1986	3524892
recombinant human tumor necrosis factor--i. cytotoxic activity in vitro.	cytotoxic activity of recombinant human tnf (rhu-tnf) on various human cell lines was examined in vitro. rhu-tnf exerted a cytostatic effect on various types of human tumor cells such as carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, melanoma and other types. when the cytocidal effect was examined on the tumor cells which were cytostatically susceptible to rhu-tnf, the cytocidal effect of rhu-tnf was also noticed on many of these tumor cells. however, some tumor cells were affected cytostatically only. human dip ...	1986	3525433