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leprosy in nonimmigrant canadian man without travel outside north america, 2014.in canada, hansen disease (leprosy) is rare and not considered in diagnoses for nonimmigrant patients. we report mycobacterium leprae infection in a canadian man whose sole travel was to florida, usa. the m. leprae isolate was identified as armadillo-associated genotype 3i-2-v1. travelers to the southern united states should avoid contact with armadillos.201829260666
determination of the diversity of astroviruses in feces from cats in florida.astroviruses are small, nonenveloped rna viruses that have been linked to numerous diseases in a variety of species, including enteric disease in humans and cheetahs. species mamastrovirus 2, previously known as feline astrovirus, has been isolated from the feces of domestic cats and cheetahs. a total of 122 cat fecal samples from alachua county, fl animal services and the veterinary community outreach program at the university of florida were analyzed, and 35 contained astroviral rna that was a ...201729202674
health and environmental risk assessment project for bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus from the southeastern usa. ii. environmental aspects.bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus are the most common apex predators found in coastal and estuarine ecosystems along the southeastern coast of the usa, where these animals are exposed to multiple chemical pollutants and microbial agents. in this review, we summarize the results of investigations of environmental exposures evaluated in 360 free-ranging dolphins between 2003 and 2015. bottlenose dolphins inhabiting the indian river lagoon, florida (irl, n = 246), and coastal waters of charles ...201728737160
geographic distribution of angiostrongylus cantonensis in wild rats (rattus rattus) and terrestrial snails in florida, usa.the parasitic nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis is a major cause of eosinophilic meningitis in humans, and has been documented in other incidental hosts such as birds, horses, dogs and non-human primates. it is endemic in hawaii, and there have been sporadic reports in the southern continental united states. this parasite uses rats as definitive hosts and snails as intermediate hosts. in this study, we collected potential definitive and intermediate hosts throughout florida to ascertain the g ...201728542310
zika virus: obstetric and pediatric anesthesia considerations.as of november 2016, the florida department of health (fdh) and the centers for disease control and prevention have confirmed more than 4000 travel-related zika virus (zikv) infections in the united states with >700 of those in florida. there have been 139 cases of locally acquired infection, all occurring in miami, florida. within the us territories (eg, puerto rico, us virgin islands), >30,000 cases of zikv infection have been reported. the projected number of individuals at risk for zikv infe ...201728525510
tissue uptake, distribution and excretion of brevetoxin-3 after oral and intratracheal exposure in the freshwater turtle trachemys scripta and the diamondback terrapin malaclemys terrapin.harmful algal blooms (habs) occur nearly annually off the west coast of florida and can impact both humans and wildlife, resulting in morbidity and increased mortality of marine animals including sea turtles. the key organism in florida red tides is the dinoflagellate karenia brevis that produces a suite of potent neurotoxins referred to as the brevetoxins (pbtx). despite recent mortality events and rehabilitation efforts, still little is known about how the toxin directly impacts sea turtles, a ...201728363127
amblyomma auricularium (ixodida: ixodidae) in florida: new hosts and distribution records.previous published evidence for the occurrence of an exotic armadillo tick, amblyomma auricularium (conil), in florida is scant, but we found it is fully established and integrated into the state's tick fauna. we collected 11,192 specimens of this tick from naturalized nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus l., and 14 other species of wild native mammals and birds in florida, while sampling statewide during 2004 through 2007. in all, we document its specific presence only in 14 contiguous ...201728082640
testing of visual and chemical attractants in correlation with the development and field evaluation of an autodissemination station for the suppression of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in florida.three exotic mosquito-borne pathogens-dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses-transmitted by aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti have undergone dramatic global expansion in recent years. the control of vector populations and minimizing bites from these vectors are the primary methods of reducing risk of transmission of these viruses to humans. however, ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti are notoriously challenging to control through conventional chemical means, due primarily to difficulties in applying p ...201627802398
characterization of brevetoxin (pbtx-3) exposure in neurons of the anoxia-tolerant freshwater turtle (trachemys scripta).harmful algal blooms are increasing in frequency and extent worldwide and occur nearly annually off the west coast of florida where they affect both humans and wildlife. the dinoflagellate karenia brevis is a key organism in florida red tides that produces a suite of potent neurotoxins collectively referred to as the brevetoxins (pbtx). brevetoxins bind to and open voltage gated sodium channels (vgsc), increasing cell permeability in excitable cells and depolarizing nerve and muscle tissue. expo ...201627697698
raccoon roundworm infection associated with central nervous system disease and ocular disease - six states, 2013-2015.baylisascaris procyonis, predominantly found in raccoons, is a ubiquitous roundworm found throughout north america. although raccoons are typically asymptomatic when infected with the parasite, the larval form of baylisascaris procyonis can result in fatal human disease or severe neurologic outcomes if not treated rapidly. in the united states, baylisascaris procyonis is more commonly enzootic in raccoons in the midwestern and northeastern regions and along the west coast (1). however, since 200 ...201627608169
real-time pcr detection and phylogenetic relationships of neorickettsia spp. in digeneans from egypt, philippines, thailand, vietnam and the united states.neorickettsia (rickettsiales, anaplasmataceae) is a genus of obligate intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of digeneans (platyhelminthes, digenea). some neorickettsia are able to invade cells of the digenean's vertebrate host and are known to cause diseases of domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. in this study we report the results of screening digenean samples for neorickettsia collected from bats in egypt and mindoro island, philippines, snails and fishes from thailand, and fishes from vie ...201727510768
macracanthorhynchus ingens infection in an 18-month-old child in florida: a case report and review of acanthocephaliasis in humans.a case of acanthocephaliasis in an 18-month-old child caused by macracanthorhynchus ingens is reported from florida. this represents only the third documented case of this species in a human host. an overview of human cases of acanthocephaliasis in the literature is presented, along with a review of the biology, clinical manifestations and pathology in the human host, morphology, and diagnosis.201627501844
acute illness associated with exposure to a new soil fumigant containing dimethyl disulfide-hillsborough county, florida, 2014.dimethyl disulfide (dmds) is a new soil fumigant that is considered a replacement for methyl bromide. in 2014, the florida department of health (fdoh) received several complaints of illness following a strong dmds odor in hillsborough county. public health investigation of dmds-related illness was conducted to assess illness and identify areas to target for prevention activities. this investigation included surveillance, interviews, review of medical records, review of supporting documentation, ...201627409156
evaluation of the honey-card technique for detection of transmission of arboviruses in florida and comparison with sentinel chicken seroconversion.zoonotic mosquito-borne viruses, such as the west nile virus (wnv) and eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev), are major public health threats in the united states. early detection of virus transmission and targeted vector management are critical to protect humans against these pathogens. sentinel chickens and pool screening of mosquitoes, the most widely used methods of arbovirus early detection, have technical time-lags that compromise their early-detection value. the exploitation of sugar-f ...201627330092
limits and possibilities in the geolocation of humans using multiple isotope ratios (h, o, n, c) of hair from east coast cities of the usa.we examined multiple natural abundance isotope ratios of human hair to assess biological variability within and between geographic locations and, further, to determine how well these isotope values predict location of origin. sampling locations feature differing seasonality and mobile populations as a robust test of the method. serially-sampled hair from cambridge, ma, usa, shows lower δ(2)h and δ(18)o variability over a one-year time course than model-predicted precipitation isotope ratios, but ...201726916842
ticks associated with domestic dogs and cats in florida, usa.voluntary collections of ticks from domestic dogs and cats by veterinary practitioners across florida, usa, were conducted over a 10 month period. of the 1337 ticks submitted, five species of ixodid ticks were identified and included rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma americanum, a. maculatum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis. most ticks were collected from dogs (98.4%) with the most predominant species being r. sanguineus (94.3%). of the ticks collected from cats (1.6%), a. americ ...201626888081
adapting to florida's riverine woodlands: the population status and feeding ecology of the silver river rhesus macaques and their interface with humans.the study of primates living in novel environments represents an interesting context in which to examine patterns of behavioral and ecological flexibility. our research focused on an understudied, anthropogenically introduced primate population living in florida, usa: the silver river rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). to better understand how this population has adapted to life in florida's riparian woodlands, we collected data on the diet and size of the rhesus macaque population and its encoun ...201626874521
molecular detection of bacteria in the families rickettsiaceae and anaplasmataceae in northern crested caracaras (caracara cheriway).bacterial pathogens of the families anaplasmataceae and rickettsiaceae are often spread to humans or other animals from bites from infected arthropod hosts. recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated migratory birds in the circulation of these pathogens through the spread of arthropod vectors. however, few studies have examined the potential for resident bird populations to serve as reservoirs for these zoonoses. in this study, we used nested pcrs of the groesl and 17 kda genes to ...201626837860
urinary phthalate metabolites in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from selected florida wetlands.phthalates have been shown to cause endocrine disruption in laboratory animals and are associated with altered development of the reproductive system in humans. further, human have significant exposure to phthalates. however, little is known concerning the exposure of wildlife to phthalates. we report urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations from fifty juvenile alligators from three florida lakes and a site in the everglades. urinary phthalate monoester concentrations varied widely among alli ...201626743198
nuclear markers reveal predominantly north to south gene flow in ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete.ixodes scapularis, the tick vector of the lyme disease spirochete, is distributed over most of the eastern united states, but >80% of all lyme disease cases occur in the northeast. the role that genetic differences between northern and southern tick populations play in explaining this disparate distribution of lyme disease cases is unclear. the present study was conducted with 1,155 snp markers in eight nuclear genes; the 16s mitochondrial gene was examined for comparison with earlier studies. w ...201526536360
elevated accumulation of parabens and their metabolites in marine mammals from the united states coastal waters.the widespread exposure of humans to parabens present in personal care products is well-known. nevertheless, little is known about the accumulation of parabens in marine organisms. in this study, six parabens and four common metabolites of parabens were measured in 121 tissue samples from eight species of marine mammals collected along the coastal waters of florida, california, washington, and alaska. methyl paraben (mep) was the predominant compound found in the majority of the marine mammal ti ...201526379094
genomewide investigation of adaptation to harmful algal blooms in common bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus).harmful algal blooms (habs), which can be lethal in marine species and cause illness in humans, are increasing worldwide. in the gulf of mexico, habs of karenia brevis produce neurotoxic brevetoxins that cause large-scale marine mortality events. the long history of such blooms, combined with the potentially severe effects of exposure, may have produced a strong selective pressure for evolved resistance. advances in next-generation sequencing, in particular genotyping-by-sequencing, greatly enab ...201526290192
environmental sampling reveals that pythium insidiosum is ubiquitous and genetically diverse in north central florida.pythiosis is a deadly disease of horses, dogs, and other mammals, including humans, in tropical and subtropical regions. in the united states, the disease has been reported in the southeast as well as in the temperate north and the dry southwest. the causal agent of pythiosis is pythium insidiosum, one of few mammalian pathogens in the fungus-like oomycetes. p. insidiosum has not been studied in the environment in the united states. given anecdotal reports of pythiosis in gainesville, florida do ...201526229152
survival and mortality of pumas (puma concolor) in a fragmented, urbanizing landscape.wide-ranging large carnivores pose myriad challenges for conservation, especially in highly fragmented landscapes. over a 13-year period, we combined monitoring of radio collared pumas (puma concolor) with complementary multi-generational genetic analyses to inform puma conservation in southern california, usa. our goals were to generate survivorship estimates, determine causes of mortality, identify barriers to movement, and determine the genetic and demographic challenges to puma persistence a ...201526177290
different populations of blacklegged tick nymphs exhibit differences in questing behavior that have implications for human lyme disease risk.animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. we studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of lyme disease in the eastern united states. lyme disease is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. this led us to hypothes ...201525996603
the burden of dengue and chikungunya worldwide: implications for the southern united states and california.dengue virus (denv) spreads to humans through the bite of an infected aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquito and is a growing public health threat to both industrialized and developing nations worldwide. outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the united states occurred extensively in the past but over the past 3 decades have again taken place in florida, hawaii, and texas as well as in american samoa, guam, northern mariana islands, puerto rico, and the us virgin islands. as the aedes vectors ...025960096
isolation of tacaribe virus, a caribbean arenavirus, from host-seeking amblyomma americanum ticks in florida.arenaviridae are a family of single stranded rna viruses of mammals and boid snakes. twenty-nine distinct mammalian arenaviruses have been identified, many of which cause severe hemorrhagic disease in humans, particularly in parts of sub-saharan africa, and in central and south america. humans typically become infected with an arenavirus through contact with excreta from infected rodents. tacaribe virus (tcrv) is an arenavirus that was first isolated from bats and mosquitoes during a rabies surv ...201425536075
dogs entering the united states from rabies-endemic countries, 2011-2012.international dog imports pose a risk because of the potential movement of disease agents, including the canine rabies virus variant which has been eliminated from the united states since 2007. us regulations require a rabies vaccination certificate for dogs arriving from rabies-endemic countries, but permit the importation of dogs that have not been adequately immunized against rabies, provided that the dogs are confined under conditions that restrict their contact with humans and other animals ...201525244531
attraction and mortality of bactrocera dorsalis (diptera: tephritidae) to static spinosad me weathered under operational conditions in california and florida: a reduced-risk male annihilation treatment.studies were conducted in 2013-2014 to quantify attraction, feeding, and mortality of male oriental fruit flies, bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) (diptera: tephritidae), to static spinosad me a reduced-risk male annihilation treatment (mat) formulation consisting of an amorphous polymer matrix in combination with methyl eugenol (me) and spinosad compared with the standard treatment of min-u-gel mixed with me and naled (dibrom). our approach used a behavioral methodology for evaluation of slow-acting ...201425195423
tomaculocystis corpulenta n. gen., n. sp. (apicomplexa: eugregarinorida) parasitizing the little yellow cockroach, cariblatta lutea (blattodea: ectobiidae), in alabama and florida with recognition of tomaculocystis cylindrosa n. comb. and tomaculocystis mukundai n. comb. parasitizing ectobiid cockroaches in india.tomaculocystis corpulenta n. gen., n. sp. (apicomplexa: eugregarinorida: septatorina: gregarinidae) is described from populations of the little yellow cockroach, cariblatta lutea (blattodea: ectobiidae), established in laboratory culture from samples collected in alabama and florida. tomaculocystis n. gen. are differentiated from other members of gregarina by a markedly elliptoid gametocyst inside a persistent, lomentiform hyaline epicyst; developmental organization and growth of the spore tubes ...201525153145
antibiotic susceptibilities of bacteria isolated within the oral flora of florida blacktip sharks: guidance for empiric antibiotic therapy.sharks possess a variety of pathogenic bacteria in their oral cavity that may potentially be transferred into humans during a bite. the aim of the presented study focused on the identification of the bacteria present in the mouths of live blacktip sharks, carcharhinus limbatus, and the extent that these bacteria possess multi-drug resistance. swabs were taken from the oral cavity of nineteen live blacktip sharks, which were subsequently released. the average fork length was 146 cm (±11), suggest ...201425110948
human responses to florida red tides: policy awareness and adherence to local fertilizer ordinances.to mitigate the damages of natural hazards, policy responses can be beneficial only if they are effective. using a self-administered survey approach, this paper focuses on the adherence to local fertilizer ordinances (i.e., county or municipal rules regulating the application of fertilizer to private lawns or facilities such as golf courses) implemented in jurisdictions along the southwest florida coast in response to hazardous blooms of florida red tides (karenia brevis). these ordinances play ...201425003583
cultivation of rickettsia amblyommii in tick cells, prevalence in florida lone star ticks (amblyomma americanum).rickettsia amblyommii is a bacterium in the spotted fever group of organisms associated with the lone star tick (lst), amblyomma americanum. the lst is the most commonly reported tick to parasitize humans in the southeastern us. within this geographic region, there have been suspected cases of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) where the causative agent, r. rickettsii, was not identified in the local tick population. in these areas, patients with clinical signs of rmsf had low or no detectable ...201424927809
fish consumption and hair mercury levels in women of childbearing age, martin county, florida.the health effects of mercury in humans are mostly on the developing nervous system. pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding must be targeted in order to decrease mercury exposure to the populations at highest risk-infants, unborn fetuses, and young children. this purpose of this study is to understand the demographics of fish-consumption patterns among women of childbearing age (including pregnant women) in martin county, florida, and to analyze the associations of mercury levels in part ...201424807406
novel gammaherpesviruses in north american domestic cats, bobcats, and pumas: identification, prevalence, and risk factors.gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) are a diverse and rapidly expanding group of viruses associated with a variety of disease conditions in humans and animals. to identify felid ghvs, we screened domestic cat (felis catus), bobcat (lynx rufus), and puma (puma concolor) blood cell dna samples from california, colorado, and florida using a degenerate pan-ghv pcr. additional pan-ghv and long-distance pcrs were used to sequence a contiguous 3.4-kb region of each putative virus species, including partial glyco ...201424453374
flea species infesting dogs in florida and bartonella spp. prevalence rates.several bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. however, few studies have investigated the prevalence of bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. the objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in florida, the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. fleas, serum, and ...201424268654
effects of mosquito control pesticides on competent queen conch (strombus gigas) larvae.pesticides are applied seasonally in the florida keys to control nuisance populations of mosquitoes that pose a health threat to humans. there is, however, a need to investigate the effects of these pesticides on non-target marine organisms. we tested naled and permethrin, two mosquito adulticides used in the keys, on a critical early life-history stage of queen conch (strombus gigas). we conducted 12-h exposure experiments on competent (i.e., capable of undergoing metamorphosis) queen conch lar ...201324243960
genome sequence analysis of dengue virus 1 isolated in key west, florida.dengue virus (denv) is transmitted to humans through the bite of mosquitoes. in november 2010, a dengue outbreak was reported in monroe county in southern florida (fl), including greater than 20 confirmed human cases. the virus collected from the human cases was verified as denv serotype 1 (denv-1) and one isolate was provided for sequence analysis. rna was extracted from the denv-1 isolate and was used in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to amplify pcr fragments to seque ...201324098658
lobomycosis: risk of zoonotic transmission from dolphins to humans.lobomycosis, a fungal disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by lacazia loboi, is sometimes referred to as a zoonotic disease because it affects only specific delphinidae and humans; however, the evidence that it can be transferred directly to humans from dolphins is weak. dolphins have also been postulated to be responsible for an apparent geographic expansion of the disease in humans. morphological and molecular differences between the human and dolphin organisms, differences in g ...201323919604
the occurrence of the rat lungworm, angiostrongylus cantonensis, in nonindigenous snails in the gulf of mexico region of the united states.nonindigenous apple snails, pomacea maculata (formerly pomacea insularum), are currently spreading rapidly through the southeastern united states. this mollusk serves as an intermediate host of the rat lungworm parasite (angiostrongylus cantonensis), which can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans who consume infected mollusks. a pcr-based detection assay was used to test nonindigenous apple snails for the rat lungworm parasite in louisiana, texas, mississippi, and florida. only apple snails o ...201323901374
serosurvey of leptospirosis in feral hogs (sus scrofa) in florida.leptospira is a global pathogen of emerging public health importance in both developing and industrialized nations and can infect almost all mammalian species, including humans. as suburbanization and the popularity of outdoor recreational activities increases, so do human-wildlife and companion animal-wildlife interfaces. florida offers a tropical climate favorable for outdoor activities and a semirural landscape that sustains an abundant feral hog population. because no survey ofleptospirosis ...201323805559
aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in the continental united states: a vector at the cool margin of its geographic range.after more than a half century without recognized local dengue outbreaks in the continental united states, there were recent outbreaks of autochthonous dengue in the southern parts of texas (2004-2005) and florida (2009-2011). this dengue reemergence has provoked interest in the extent of the future threat posed by the yellow fever mosquito, aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever viruses in urban settings, to human health in the continental united states. a ...201323802440
clonally related methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus isolated from short-finned pilot whales (globicephala macrorhynchus), human volunteers, and a bayfront cetacean rehabilitation facility.in may of 2011, a live mass stranding of 26 short-finned pilot whales (globicephala macrorhynchus) occurred in the lower florida keys. five surviving whales were transferred from the original stranding site to a nearby marine mammal rehabilitation facility where they were constantly attended to by a team of volunteers. bacteria cultured during the routine clinical care of the whales and necropsy of a deceased whale included methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (m ...201323508733
genetic variation and exchange in trypanosoma cruzi isolates from the united states.trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease, is a multiclonal parasite with high levels of genetic diversity and broad host and geographic ranges. molecular characterization of south american isolates of t. cruzi has demonstrated homologous recombination and nuclear hybridization, as well as the presence of 6 main genetic clusters or "discrete typing units" (dtus). few studies have extensively investigated such exchange events and genetic diversity in north american isolates. in the ...201323457528
baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons (procyon lotor) from north carolina and current status of the parasite in the usa.baylisascaris procyonis is an intestinal nematode of raccoons (procyon lotor) that can cause fatal larva migrans in numerous species of birds and mammals, including humans. historically, this parasite has been rare in the southeastern usa but recently has been reported in eastern tennessee and isolated parts of georgia and florida. the objective of the current study was to investigate the distribution and prevalence of b. procyonis in raccoons from north carolina. in western north carolina, in c ...201323180125
spatial epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis in florida.eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev) is an alphavirus with high pathogenicity in both humans and horses. florida continues to have the highest occurrence of human cases in the usa, with four fatalities recorded in 2010. unlike other states, florida supports year-round eeev transmission. this research uses gis to examine spatial patterns of documented horse cases during 2005-2010 in order to understand the relationships between habitat and transmission intensity of eeev in florida.201223126615
mercury stable isotopes in sediments and largemouth bass from florida lakes, usa.humans and wildlife can be exposed to mercury (hg) through the consumption of fish with elevated concentrations of methylmercury (mehg). studies have shown that increased atmospheric deposition of hg often leads to increased mehg concentrations in aquatic organisms. however, depending on the ecosystem characteristics, reductions in hg emissions may not always lead to immediate decreases in fish mehg concentrations. measurements of natural abundance hg stable isotope ratios may enable a better un ...201323062970
babesia microti in rodents and raccoons from northeast florida.human babesiosis in the united states is caused most commonly by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, babesia microti . although a few reports have described evidence of babesia species in animals in florida, to date babesia microti specifically has not been reported from florida or most other southern states. to determine if the organism is present in vertebrates in the region, small mammals were trapped and sampled at 2 sites in northeastern florida, and dna extracts from blood samples we ...201222646851
a temperature-limited assessment of the risk of rift valley fever transmission and establishment in the continental united states of america.the rapid spread of west nile virus across north america after its introduction in 1999 highlights the potential for foreign arboviruses to become established in the united states of america. of particular concern is rift valley fever virus (rvfv), which has been responsible for multiple african epidemics resulting in death of both humans and livestock, as well as major economic disruption due to livestock loss and trade restrictions. modern globalization, travel, and commerce allow viruses to e ...201222639118
anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals and ticks in northeast florida.human anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in the united states, but few studies of the causative agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum, have been conducted in southeastern states. the aim of this study was to determine if a. phagocytophilum is present in small mammals and ticks in northeast florida. polymerase chain reaction assays designed to amplify portions of the major surface protein 2 gene (p44), 16s rdna, and groesl operons were used to test rodent blood and tick dna samples for the ...201222548563
locating spatial variation in the association between wildland fire risk and social vulnerability across six southern states.wildland fire in the south commands considerable attention, given the expanding wildland urban interface (wui) across the region. much of this growth is propelled by higher income retirees and others desiring natural amenity residential settings. however, population growth in the wui increases the likelihood of wildfire fire ignition caused by people, as humans account for 93% of all wildfires fires in the south. coexisting with newly arrived, affluent wui populations are working class, poor or ...201222218459
surveillance of feral cats for influenza a virus in north central florida.please cite this paper as: gordy jt et al. (2011) surveillance of feral cats for influenza a virus in north central florida. influenza and other respiratory viruses doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00325.x. background  transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza and the recent pandemic h1n1 viruses to domestic cats and other felids creates concern because of the morbidity and mortality associated with human infections as well as disease in the infected animals. experimental infections have de ...201122212818
An approach to developing numeric water quality criteria for coastal waters using the SeaWiFS satellite data record.Human activities on land increase nutrient loads to coastal waters, which can increase phytoplankton production and biomass and associated ecological impacts. Numeric nutrient water quality standards are needed to protect coastal waters from eutrophication impacts. The Environmental Protection Agency determined that numeric nutrient criteria were necessary to protect Florida's coastal waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate a reference condition approach for developing numeric wate ...201122192062
logistics modelling: improving resource management and public information strategies in florida.one of the most time-sensitive and logistically-challenging emergency response operations today is to provide mass prophylaxis to every man, woman and child in a community within 48 hours of a bioterrorism attack. to meet this challenge, federal, state and local public health departments in the usa have joined forces to develop, test and execute large-scale bioterrorism response plans. this preparedness and response effort is funded through the us centers for disease control and prevention's cit ...201122130343
Prevalent serum antibody is not a marker of immune protection against acquisition of oncogenic HPV16 in men.In women, naturally induced anti-HPV serum antibodies are a likely marker of host im-mune protection against subsequent HPV acquisition and progression to precancerous lesions and cancers. However, it is unclear whether the same is the case in men. In this study, we as-sessed the risk of incident genital infection and 6-month persistent genital infection with HPV16 in relation to baseline serostatus in a cohort of 2187 men over a 48-month period. Genital swabs were collected every 6 months and t ...201122123925
stable isotopes and mercury in a model estuarine fish: multibasin comparisons with water quality, community structure, and available prey base.stable-isotope ratios (δ(13)c and δ(15)n) and mercury in a model predator, and associated prey community assessments were used to make inferences regarding food web relationships and how these relationships are influenced by habitat variability and anthropogenic factors. although interconnected, the three major basins of the indian river lagoon system on the atlantic coast of florida comprise noticeably different available habitat types with spatially distinct faunal communities and available pr ...201122104385
Relationships between sand and water quality at recreational beaches.Enterococci are used to assess the risk of negative human health impacts from recreational waters. Studies have shown sustained populations of enterococci within sediments of beaches but comprehensive surveys of multiple tidal zones on beaches in a regional area and their relationship to beach management decisions are limited. We sampled three tidal zones on eight South Florida beaches in Miami-Dade and Broward counties and found that enterococci were ubiquitous within South Florida beach sands ...201122071324
Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of the Florida Panther. Populations of large carnivores are declining globally, and analysis of public discourse about carnivores is useful for understanding public opinion and influences on management and policy. Portrayal of carnivores in the media affects public perceptions and support for their conservation. We conducted a content analysis of 513 articles about Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) published from 2003 to 2006 in newspapers with local circulation in core panther habitat in southwest Florida and p ...201121978166
risk factors for colonization of e. coli in atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) in the indian river lagoon, florida.opportunistic pathogens related to degradation in water quality are of concern to both wildlife and public health. the objective of this study was to identify spatial, temporal, and environmental risk factors for e. coli colonization among atlantic bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the indian river lagoon (irl), fl between 2003 and 2007. age, gender, capture location, coastal human population density, proximity of sewage treatment plants, number of septic tanks, cumulative prec ...201121977048
Daily measures of microbes and human health at a non-point source marine beach.Studies evaluating the relationship between microbes and human health at non-point source beaches are necessary for establishing criteria which would protect public health while minimizing economic burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality and daily cumulative health effects (gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory illnesses) for bathers at a non-point source subtropical marine recreational beach in order to better understand the inter-relationships between these factors ...201121976192
effects of a family intervention in reducing hiv risk behaviors among high-risk hispanic adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.objective: to determine the efficacy of a family intervention in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors among hispanic delinquent adolescents. design: randomized controlled trial. setting: miami-dade county public school system and miami-dade county's department of juvenile services, florida. participants: a total of 242 hispanic delinquent youth aged 12 to 17 years and their primary caregivers completed outcome assessments at baseline and 3 months after intervention. inte ...201121969363
Six-month incidence, persistence, and factors associated with persistence of anal human papillomavirus in men: the HPV in men study.Although there are limited numbers of incidence and persistence estimates for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) in women and in men who have sex with men (MSM), there are no such reports for men who have sex with women (MSW).201121964400
evaluation of sewage source and fate on southeast florida coastal reefs.water, sponge and coral samples were collected from stations impacted by a variety of pollution sources and screened for human enteric viruses as conservative markers for human sewage. while human enteroviruses and adenoviruses were not detected, noroviruses (nov; human genogroups i and ii) were detected in 31% of samples (especially in sponge tissue). stations near inlets were the only ones to show multiple sample types positive for nov. fecal indicator bacteria and enteric viruses were further ...201121962922
relationship of human paraoxonase-1 serum activity and genotype with atherosclerosis in individuals from the deep south.paraoxonase-1 (pon1) is synthesized in the liver and is bound to high-density lipoprotein particles in blood. pon1 protects against the development of atherosclerosis by metabolizing proatherogenic-oxidized lipids. the southeastern usa (excluding florida) has the country's highest age-adjusted mortality rate of cardiovascular disease. this study determines the association of pon1 status with atherosclerosis in individuals from the southeastern usa.201121960140
The gender earnings gap among pharmacists.BACKGROUND: A gender earnings gap exists across professions. Compared with men, women earn consistently lower income levels. The determinants of wages and salaries should be explored to assess whether a gender earnings gap exists in the pharmacy profession. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the responses of male and female pharmacists' earnings with human-capital stock, workers' preferences, and opinion variables and (2) assess whether the earnings determination models ...201121958465
acute illnesses associated with insecticides used to control bed bugs--seven states, 2003--2010.the common bed bug, cimex lectularius, is a wingless, reddish-brown insect that requires blood meals from humans, other mammals, or birds to survive. bed bugs are not considered to be disease vectors, but they can reduce quality of life by causing anxiety, discomfort, and sleeplessness. bed bug populations and infestations are increasing in the united states and internationally. bed bug infestations often are treated with insecticides, but insecticide resistance is a problem, and excessive use o ...201121937972
The prevalence of genital HPV and factors associated with oncogenic HPV among men having sex with men and men having sex with women and men: the HIM study.Comparative studies of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) among men having sex with men (MSM), men having sex with women and men (MSWM), and men having sex with women (MSW) have not been conducted so far; however, such comparisons may be important for planning prevention strategies like vaccination.201121934568
respiratory syncytial virus--united states, july 2007-june 2011.each year in the united states, an estimated 75,000-125,000 hospitalizations related to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)occur among children aged <1 year, and rsv infection results in approximately 1.5 million outpatient visits among children aged <5 years. in the united states, rsv season begins in the fall, peaks in winter, and ends in the late winter and early spring. however, the exact timing and duration vary from year to year and by geographic region. to describe trends in rsv seasonality ...201121900874
Bicyclist deaths and striking vehicles in the USA.ObjectivesBicycling is a popular means of transportation that is sometimes associated with injury from collisions. The authors analysed national data for the USA to evaluate bicyclist deaths associated with motor vehicle impacts.MethodsThe authors conducted a population-based case-control analysis of road deaths reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The authors included bicyclist deaths from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008 (cases), along with the non-bicyclist road d ...201121890578
formative research on hpv vaccine acceptability among latina farmworkers.the purpose of this study was to identify the barriers and benefits to human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination in a low-income, latina farmworker population in central florida. this study reports on formative qualitative research conducted on perceptions of benefits, barriers, costs, place, and promotion related to the hpv vaccine from surveys and interviews with a sample of 46 low-income, latina farm workers and 19 health care workers serving this population. it was found that latina farmworkers ...201121881079
case law update: vicarious liability. leal v. secretary, department of health and human services, 620 f.3d 1280 (11th cir. 2010). 201121877358
human pathogen shown to cause disease in the threatened eklhorn coral acropora palmata.coral reefs are in severe decline. infections by the human pathogen serratia marcescens have contributed to precipitous losses in the common caribbean elkhorn coral, acropora palmata, culminating in its listing under the united states endangered species act. during a 2003 outbreak of this coral disease, called acroporid serratiosis (aps), a unique strain of the pathogen, serratia marcescens strain pdr60, was identified from diseased a. palmata, human wastewater, the non-host coral siderastrea si ...201121858132
impact of pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel.the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the phosphodiesterase (pde) inhibitor pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (dapt).201121851906
lacaziosis and lacaziosis-like prevalence among wild, common bottlenose dolphins tursiops truncatus from the west coast of florida, usa.lacaziosis (lobomycosis; lacazia loboi) is a fungal skin disease that naturally occurs only in humans and dolphins. the first reported case of lacaziosis in a bottlenose dolphin tursiops truncatus occurred in 1970 in sarasota bay, florida, usa, and subsequent photo-id monitoring of the sarasota bay dolphin population has revealed persistence of the disease. the objectives of this study were to estimate lacaziosis prevalence (p) in 2 bottlenose dolphin populations on the west coast of florida (sa ...201121797035
largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest florida.the health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. however, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. we investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides; n = 104) and striped mullet (mugil cephalus; n = 170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest florida. skinless fillets were analyzed ...201121764437
severe leptospirosis similar to pandemic (h1n1) 2009, florida and missouri, usa.to the editor: leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira and transmitted through direct contact of skin or mucous membranes with urine or tissues of leptospira-infected animals or through indirect contact with contaminated freshwater or soil. leptospirosis shares common clinical signs with influenza, including fever, headache, myalgia, and sometimes cough and gastrointestinal symptoms. during 2009, acute complicated influenza-like illness (ili) and rapid progressi ...201121749799
maternal hepatitis b and hepatitis c carrier status and perinatal outcomes.background and aims: to examine the association between maternal hepatitis b and c mono- and co-infections with singleton pregnancy outcomes in the state of florida. methods: we analysed all florida births from 1998 to 2007 using birth certificate records linked to hospital discharge data. the main outcomes of interest were selected pregnancy outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight (lbw), small for gestational age (sga), fetal distress, neonatal jaundice and congenital anomaly. result ...201121745298
impact of organizational structure on vaccination of first responders: a case study.the experience of h1n1 vaccine delivery to public safety personnel in a suburban county in florida suggests a relationship between the degree of hierarchy of an agency and successful implementation of a vaccination program for novel 2009 h1n1 influenza virus. this case study describes the structural organization of the sheriff's office and fire rescue in county x, provides timelines for vaccine program implementation and numbers of personnel vaccinated, and illustrates the impact of autonomy on ...201121678817
purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 accompaniments: the cerebellum and beyond.objective: to investigate the full extent of purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 autoimmunity (classically associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration) from clinical, immunohistochemical, and neuropathological perspectives. design: case series. setting: mayo clinics, 3 sites (minnesota, arizona, and florida). patients-á of 133-á138 patients tested over a 21-year period, 83 (0.06%) were identified as seropositive for purkinje cell cytoplasmic autoantibody type 1 igg. main out ...201121670387
immune correlates of protection against influenza: challenges for licensure of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines, miami, fl, usa, march 1-3, 2010.the emergence of a novel swine-origin pandemic influenza virus in 2009, together with the continuing circulation of highly pathogenic avian h5n1 viruses and the urgent global need to produce effective vaccines against such public health threats, has prompted a renewed interest in improving our understanding of the immune correlates of protection against influenza. as new influenza vaccine technologies, including non-ha based approaches and novel production platforms are developed and undergo cli ...201121651740
human polymorphisms in the glutathione transferase zeta 1/maleylacetoacetate isomerase gene influence the toxicokinetics of dichloroacetate.dichloroacetate (dca), a chemical relevant to environmental science and allopathic medicine, is dehalogenated by the bifunctional enzyme glutathione transferase zeta (gstz1)/maleylacetoacetate isomerase (maai), the penultimate enzyme in the phenylalanine/tyrosine catabolic pathway. the authors postulated that polymorphisms in gstz1/maai modify the toxicokinetics of dca. gstz1/maai haplotype significantly affected the kinetics and biotransformation of 1,2-(13)c-dca when it was administered at eit ...201121642471
contributors of black men's success in admission to and graduation from medical school.purpose: to determine characteristics and individual experiences that contribute to black men's success in being admitted to and graduating from medical school. method: in 2010, one of the authors, a black man, interviewed 10 black male medical students enrolled at florida state university college of medicine and 3 black male physicians associated with that school, using consensual qualitative research methodology to analyze the data. the investigators recorded and transcribed the interviews, co ...201121617511
microbial degradation of microcystin in florida's freshwaters.presence of microcystin (mc), a predominant freshwater algal toxin and a suspected liver carcinogen, in florida's freshwaters poses serious health threat to humans and aquatic species. being recalcitrant to conventional physical and chemical water treatment methods, biological methods of mc removal is widely researched. water samples collected from five sites of lake okeechobee (lo) frequently exposed to toxic microcystis blooms were used as inoculum for enrichment with microcystin lr (mc-lr) su ...201121611743
proteasome degradation of brain cytosolic tau in alzheimer's disease.the proteasomal degradation of cytosolic, phosphorylation-independent tau in human brains is potentially linked to the pathogenesis of neurofibrillary pathology in alzheimer's disease (ad). previous studies showed that the active 20s proteasome core degrades recombinant tau effectively, which prompted this study to determine if there was evidence of proteasomal degradation of tau in human brain with a range of neurofibrillary pathology. cytosolic proteins from temporal cortex were isolated from ...201121577325
utility of the national death index in ascertaining mortality in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome surveillance.to assess the utility of the national death index (ndi) in improving the ascertainment of deaths among people diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the authors determined the number and characteristics of additional deaths identified through ndi linkage not ascertained by using standard electronic linkage with florida vital records and the social security administration's death master file. records of people diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome between 1993 and 2 ...201121540319
gender and ethnicity differences in the prevalence of scleroderma-related autoantibodies.autoantibodies to topoisomerase i (topo i), rna polymerase iii (rnapiii), centromere, u3rnp/fibrillarin, th, pm-scl, and u1rnp found in scleroderma (ssc) are associated with unique clinical subsets. the effects of race and gender on autoantibody prevalence and clinical manifestations were examined. autoantibodies in sera from 105 ssc (include 75 caucasian, 24 african-american, 6 others; 89 females and 16 males) were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. clinical information was ...201121523365
age-related macular degeneration and the other double helix. the cogan lecture.the study and therapy of age-related macular degeneration (amd), a leading cause of blindness worldwide, have taken great strides over the past decade. during the same time, a central role for rna in many human diseases has been discovered. we have identified anti-angiogenic functions for synthetic double stranded rnas (dsrnas) in neovascular amd and cytotoxic functions for endogenous dsrnas in atrophic amd. these findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of both forms of a ...201121471430
indicator microbes correlate with pathogenic bacteria, yeasts and helminthes in sand at a subtropical recreational beach site.research into the relationship between pathogens, faecal indicator microbes and environmental factors in beach sand has been limited, yet vital to the understanding of the microbial relationship between sand and the water column and to the improvement of criteria for better human health protection at beaches. the objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence and distribution of pathogens in various zones of beach sand (subtidal, intertidal and supratidal) and to assess their relationshi ...201121447014
women's knowledge and awareness of gynecologic cancer: a multisite qualitative study in the united states.u.s. women's awareness and knowledge of gynecologic cancer have not been well studied, with the exception of cervical cancer screening and risk factors.201121413897
raccoon roundworms in pet kinkajous--three states, 1999 and 2010.baylisascaris procyonis (bp) is the common roundworm of raccoons (procyon lotor). adult bp live in the small intestine of this host, where they produce eggs that are passed in the feces. bp eggs ingested by nondefinitive host species hatch in the intestine, producing larvae that can migrate widely, causing visceral, ocular, or neural larva migrans. cases of neural larva migrans in humans caused by bp likely acquired from raccoons have resulted in severe encephalitis with permanent deficits and i ...201121412211
correlates of hpv knowledge in the era of hpv vaccination: a study of unvaccinated young adult women.until recently, awareness of the sexually transmitted infection human papillomavirus-the virus that causes cervical cancer-was relatively low. the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with human papillomavirus knowledge now that human papillomavirus vaccines have become widely available. young adult women (n = 739; aged 18-26 years) attending florida state university who had not yet initiated human papillomavirus vaccination completed a survey between march-august 2009. the s ...201121391159
the effect of anatomical modeling on space radiation dose estimates: a comparison of doses for nasa phantoms and the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile male and female astronauts.the national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) performs organ dosimetry and risk assessment for astronauts using model-normalized measurements of the radiation fields encountered in space. to determine the radiation fields in an organ or tissue of interest, particle transport calculations are performed using self-shielding distributions generated with the computer program camera to represent the human body. camera mathematically traces linear rays (or path lengths) through the computer ...201121346276
host blood meal identification by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for dispersal evidence of stable flies (diptera:muscidae) between livestock facilities.a species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the cytochrome b gene of cattle, horses, humans, and dogs was developed to determine the blood meal sources of stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), collected from florida equine facilities. of 595 presumptive blood-fed stable flies analyzed, successful host amplification was obtained in 350, for a field host-detection efficiency of 58.8%. the majority of analyzed stable flies had fed on cattle (64.6%), followed by horses (24.3%) ...201121337948
the early psychological impacts of the deepwater horizon oil spill on florida and alabama communities.background: although public concern has focused on the environmental impact of the deepwater horizon oil spill, the public health impact on a broad range of coastal communities is minimally known.objective: we sought to determine the acute level of distress (depression, anxiety), mechanisms of adjustment (coping, resilience), and perceived risk in a community indirectly impacted by the oil spill and to identify the extent to which economic loss may explain these factors.methods: using a communit ...201121330230
alert system to detect possible school-based outbreaks of influenza-like illness.to evaluate the usefulness of school absentee data in identifying outbreaks as part of syndromic surveillance, we examined data collected from public schools in miami-dade county, florida, usa. an innovative automated alert system captured information about school-specific absenteeism to detect and provide real-time notification of possible outbreaks of influenza-like illness.201121291601
demethylation of methylarsonic acid by a microbial community.arsenic is one of the most widespread environmental carcinogens and has created devastating human health problems worldwide, yet little is known about mechanisms of biotransformation in contaminated regions. methylarsonic acid [mas(v)], extensively utilized as an herbicide, is largely demethylated to more toxic inorganic arsenite, which causes environmental problems. to understand the process of demethylation of methylarsenicals, soil samples commonly used on florida golf courses were studied. s ...201121272184
origin of invasive florida frogs traced to cuba.two of the earliest examples of successful invasive amphibians are the greenhouse frog (eleutherodactylus planirostris) and the cuban treefrog (osteopilus septentrionalis) in florida. although both are generally assumed to be recent introductions, they are widespread on caribbean islands and also have been proposed as natural colonizers. we obtained nucleotide sequence data for both species and their closest relatives in their native and introduced ranges. phylogenetic analyses trace the origin ...201121270024
barriers and facilitators to implementing primary stroke center policy in the united states: results from 4 case study states.we identified barriers and facilitators to the state-level implementation of primary stroke center (psc) policies, which encourage the certification or designation of specialized stroke treatment facilities and may address concerns such as transportation bypass, telemedicine, and treatment protocols.201121233430
quantifying environmental reservoirs of fecal indicator bacteria associated with sediment and submerged aquatic vegetation.elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (fib) in aquatic sediments and vegetation have prompted concern that environmental reservoirs of fib disrupt the correlation between indicator organisms, pathogens and human health risks. fib numbers, however, are typically normalized to volume of water or mass of substrate. because these reservoirs tend to differ greatly in magnitude within and between water bodies, direct comparison between water column and benthic population sizes can be pro ...201121208357
survey of attitudes and practices of osteopathic primary care physicians regarding taking of sexual histories and hiv screening.an estimated 252,000 to 312,000 individuals have undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in the united states. to date, little has been known about osteopathic physicians' attitudes and practices regarding routine hiv testing.201021178152
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