Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| microbial contamination occurring on lamb carcasses processed in the united states. | lamb carcasses (n = 5,042) were sampled from six major lamb packing facilities in the united states over 3 days during each of two visits (fall or winter, october through february; spring, march through june) in order to develop a microbiological baseline for the incidence (presence or absence) of salmonella spp. and for populations of escherichia coli after 24 h of chilling following slaughter. samples also were analyzed for aerobic plate counts (apc) and total coliform counts (tcc). additional ... | 2001 | 11307887 |
| transposon mutagenesis of campylobacter jejuni identifies a bipartite energy taxis system required for motility. | campylobacter jejuni constitutes the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and a major cause of diarrhoea worldwide. little is known about virulence mechanisms in this organism because of the scarcity of suitable genetic tools. we have developed an efficient system of in vitro transposon mutagenesis using a mariner-based transposon and purified mariner transposase. through in vitro transposition of c. jejuni chromosomal dna followed by natural transformation of the tran ... | 2001 | 11298288 |
| identification of thermophilic campylobacter spp. by phenotypic and molecular methods. | the differences between phenotyping and genotyping (polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism) of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari and campylobacter upsaliensis were assessed. | 2001 | 11298244 |
| predicted highly expressed and putative alien genes of deinococcus radiodurans and implications for resistance to ionizing radiation damage. | predicted highly expressed (phx) and putative alien genes determined by codon usages are characterized in the genome of deinococcus radiodurans (strain r1). deinococcus radiodurans (deira) can survive very high doses of ionizing radiation that are lethal to virtually all other organisms. it has been argued that deira is endowed with enhanced repair systems that provide protection and stability. however, predicted expression levels of dna repair proteins with the exception of reca tend to be low ... | 2001 | 11296249 |
| emerging mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. | broad use of fluoroquinolones has been followed by emergence of resistance, which has been due mainly to chromosomal mutations in genes encoding the subunits of the drugs' target enzymes, dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv, and in genes that affect the expression of diffusion channels in the outer membrane and multidrug-resistance efflux systems. resistance emerged first in species in which single mutations were sufficient to cause clinically important levels of resistance (e.g., staphylococcus aur ... | 2001 | 11294736 |
| [clinical problem solving. diarrhea in an hiv-infected patient. stage cdc b3 hiv infection. gastroenteritis with campylobacter jejuni]. | 2001 | 11293940 | |
| tungstate uptake by a highly specific abc transporter in eubacterium acidaminophilum. | the gram-positive anaerobe eubacterium acidaminophilum contains at least two tungsten-dependent enzymes: viologen-dependent formate dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. (185)w-labeled tungstate was taken up by this organism with a maximum rate of 0.53 pmol min(-)1 mg(-)1 of protein at 36 degrees c. the uptake was not affected by equimolar amounts of molybdate. the genes tupabc coding for an abc transporter specific for tungstate were cloned in the downstream region of genes encoding a tungs ... | 2001 | 11292832 |
| roles of rpon, flia, and flgr in expression of flagella in campylobacter jejuni. | three potential regulators of flagellar expression present in the genome sequence of campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168, the genes rpon, flgr, and flia, which encode the alternative sigma factor sigma(54), the sigma(54)-associated transcriptional activator flgr, and the flagellar sigma factor sigma(28), respectively, were investigated for their role in global regulation of flagellar expression. the three genes were insertionally inactivated in c. jejuni strains nctc 11168 and nctc 11828. electron m ... | 2001 | 11292815 |
| escherichia coli cdtb mediates cytolethal distending toxin cell cycle arrest. | we previously reported that the cdtb polypeptide of escherichia coli cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) shares significant pattern-specific homology with mammalian type i dnases. in addition, the dnase-related residues of cdtb are required for cellular toxicity. here we demonstrate that purified cdtb converts supercoiled plasmid dna to relaxed and linear forms and promotes cell cycle arrest when combined with an e. coli extract containing cdta and cdtc. cdtb alone had no effect on hela cells, how ... | 2001 | 11292766 |
| apoptotic signaling pathway activated by helicobacter pylori infection and increase of apoptosis-inducing activity under serum-starved conditions. | the enhanced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis observed during infection with helicobacter pylori has been suggested to be of significance in the etiology of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and neoplasia. to investigate the cell death signaling induced by h. pylori infection, human gastric epithelial cells were incubated with h. pylori for up to 72 h. h. pylori infection induced the activation of caspase -8, -9, and -3 and the expression of the proapoptotic bcl-2 family proteins bad and bid. the peak ... | 2001 | 11292739 |
| role of helicobacter pylori cag region genes in colonization and gastritis in two animal models. | the helicobacter pylori chromosomal region known as the cytotoxin-gene associated pathogenicity island (cag pai) is associated with severe disease and encodes proteins that are believed to induce interleukin (il-8) secretion by cultured epithelial cells. the objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the cag pai, induction of il-8, and induction of neutrophilic gastric inflammation. germ-free neonatal piglets and conventional c57bl/6 mice were given wild-type or cag deficie ... | 2001 | 11292705 |
| vaccination strategies for mucosal immune responses. | mucosal administration of vaccines is an important approach to the induction of appropriate immune responses to microbial and other environmental antigens in systemic sites and peripheral blood as well as in most external mucosal surfaces. the development of specific antibody- or t-cell-mediated immunologic responses and the induction of mucosally induced systemic immunologic hyporesponsiveness (oral or mucosal tolerance) depend on complex sets of immunologic events, including the nature of the ... | 2001 | 11292646 |
| campylobacter enteritis and the guillain-barré syndrome. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the united states and worldwide with approximately 2.4 million infections per year in the united states. a now clearly recognized sequelae following campylobacter infection is the guillain-barré syndrome, an acute immune-mediated attack on the peripheral nervous system. how campylobacter induces guillain-barré syndrome is the subject of intense investigation, and this article discusses some of the recent advanc ... | 2001 | 11286651 |
| campylobacter jejuni infections: update on emerging issues and trends. | infection with campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide; it occurs more frequently than do infections caused by salmonella species, shigella species, or escherichia coli o157:h7. in developed countries, the incidence of campylobacter jejuni infections peaks during infancy and again during early adulthood. most infections are acquired by the consumption and handling of poultry. a typical case is characterized by diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps. obta ... | 2001 | 11283810 |
| susceptibility of arcobacter butzleri, arcobacter cryaerophilus, and arcobacter skirrowii to antimicrobial agents used in selective media. | several antimicrobial agents used in selective media for the isolation of arcobacter were found to be inhibitory to strains belonging to this genus. all three species tested were susceptible to colistin and rifampin at concentrations used in selective media. arcobacter skirrowii was the most susceptible species. 5-fluorouracil, novobiocin, trimethoprim, and teicoplanin or vancomycin were found to be without any inhibitory effect on the strains tested at concentrations described for the isolation ... | 2001 | 11283110 |
| isolation of helicobacter cinaedi from the colon, liver, and mesenteric lymph node of a rhesus monkey with chronic colitis and hepatitis. | on the basis of biochemical, phenotypic, and 16s rrna analyses, helicobacter cinaedi was isolated from the colon, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes of a 2-year-old rhesus monkey with chronic diarrhea. histologically, the liver had mild to moderate biliary hyperplasia and hypertrophy with periportal inflammation and fibrosis. colonic and cecal lesions consisted of diffuse chronic inflammation and glandular hyperplasia extending the length of the crypts. this is the first observation of h. cinaedi ... | 2001 | 11283091 |
| colonic infection by bilophila wadsworthia in pigs. | bilophila wadsworthia is a common inhabitant of the human colon and has been associated with appendicitis and other local sites of inflammation in humans. challenge-exposure or prevalence studies in laboratory and other animals have not been reported. b. wadsworthia is closely related phylogenetically to desulfovibrio sp. and lawsonia intracellularis, which are considered colon pathogens. we developed a pcr specific for b. wadsworthia dna. samples of bacterial dna extracted from the feces of pig ... | 2001 | 11283090 |
| specific detection and prevalence of helicobacter heilmannii-like organisms in the human gastric mucosa by fluorescent in situ hybridization and partial 16s ribosomal dna sequencing. | gastric infection with helicobacter heilmannii (previously known as gastrospirillum hominis) is invariably linked with the presence of chronic gastritis and the risk of developing low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. in contrast to helicobacter pylori, various h. heilmannii species colonize the stomachs of domestic animals, which might be a reservoir for transmission to humans (zoonosis). to identify the number and prevalence of different h. heilmanni types in humans, ... | 2001 | 11283079 |
| development of an immunoassay for rapid detection of ganglioside gm(1) mimicry in campylobacter jejuni strains. | mimicry of peripheral nerve gangliosides by campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides (lpss) has been proposed to induce cross-reacting antiganglioside antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). because current methods for lps characterization are labor-intensive and inhibit the screening of large numbers of strains, a rapid gm(1) epitope screening assay was developed. biomass from two agar plates of confluent growth yielded sufficient lps using a novel phenol-water and ether extraction procedu ... | 2001 | 11283076 |
| use of a lightcycler gyra mutation assay for rapid identification of mutations conferring decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in multiresistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 isolates. | a lightcycler-based pcr-hybridization gyra mutation assay (gama) was developed to rapidly detect gyra point mutations in multiresistant (mr) salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium dt104 with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (mic, 0.25 to 1.0 mg/liter). ninety-two isolates (49 human, 43 animal) were tested with three individual oligonucleotide probes directed against an asp-87-to-asn (gac-->aac) mutation, an asp-87-to-gly (gac-->ggc) mutation, and a ser-83-to-phe (tcc-->ttc) mutation. ... | 2001 | 11283069 |
| molecular characterization of invasive and noninvasive campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates. | campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is the primary bacterial cause of food-borne illness. adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells are the most important pathogenic mechanisms of campylobacter diarrhea. molecular characterization of invasive and noninvasive campylobacter isolates from children with diarrhea and symptom-free children was performed by random amplified polymorphic dna techniques (rapd). a distinct rapd profile with a dna ba ... | 2001 | 11283056 |
| lineage-specific gene expansions in bacterial and archaeal genomes. | gene duplication is an important mechanistic antecedent to the evolution of new genes and novel biochemical functions. in an attempt to assess the contribution of gene duplication to genome evolution in archaea and bacteria, clusters of related genes that appear to have expanded subsequent to the diversification of the major prokaryotic lineages (lineage-specific expansions) were analyzed. analysis of 21 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes shows that lineage-specific expansions comprise a s ... | 2001 | 11282971 |
| genome-scale compositional comparisons in eukaryotes. | we examined dinucleotide relative abundances and their biases in recent sequences of eukaryotic genomes and chromosomes, including human chromosomes 21 and 22, saccharomyces cerevisiae, arabidopsis thaliana, and drosophila melanogaster. we found that dinucleotide relative abundances are remarkably constant across human chromosomes and within the dna of a particular species. the dinucleotide biases differ between species, providing a genome signature that is characteristic of the bulk properties ... | 2001 | 11282969 |
| genotypic analysis of escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. | plasmid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis were used to genotype 50 escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses. thirty different plasmid profiles were evident, and clustering of the aflp data showed that they were a distinctly heterogeneous group of strains. susceptibility testing against five antimicrobial agents used in the south african poultry industry showed all strains to be susceptible to danofloxacin and colistin, while the majority (96%) were resis ... | 2001 | 11282652 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of purine nucleosidase from ochrobactrum anthropi. | a bacterium, ochrobactrum anthropi, produced a large amount of a nucleosidase when cultivated with purine nucleosides. the nucleosidase was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme has a molecular weight of about 170,000 and consists of four identical subunits. it specifically catalyzes the irreversible n-riboside hydrolysis of purine nucleosides, the k(m) values being 11.8 to 56.3 microm. the optimal activity temperature and ph were 50 degrees c and ph 4.5 to 6.5, respectively. pyrimidine nucleoside ... | 2001 | 11282633 |
| genomic relatedness within five common finnish campylobacter jejuni pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, ribotyping, and serotyping. | thirty-five finnish campylobacter jejuni strains with five smai/sacii pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) genotypes selected among human and chicken isolates from 1997 and 1998 were used for comparison of their pfge patterns, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) patterns, haeiii ribotypes, and heat-stable (hs) serotypes. the discriminatory power of pfge, aflp, and ribotyping with haeiii were shown to be at the same level for this selected set of strains, and these methods assigned t ... | 2001 | 11282608 |
| occurrence and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in lagoons and groundwater underlying two swine production facilities. | in this study, we used pcr typing methods to assess the presence of tetracycline resistance determinants conferring ribosomal protection in waste lagoons and in groundwater underlying two swine farms. all eight classes of genes encoding this mechanism of resistance [tet(o), tet(q), tet(w), tet(m), tetb(p), tet(s), tet(t), and otra] were found in total dna extracted from water of two lagoons. these determinants were found to be seeping into the underlying groundwater and could be detected as far ... | 2001 | 11282596 |
| use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flagellin gene typing in identifying clonal groups of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in farm and clinical environments. | although campylobacters have been isolated from a wide range of animal hosts, the association between campylobacters isolated from humans and animals in the farm environment is unclear. we used flagellin gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to investigate the genetic diversity among isolates from animals (cattle, sheep, and turkey) in farm environments and sporadic cases of campylobacteriosis in the same geographical area. forty-eight combined fla types were seen among the 315 ... | 2001 | 11282587 |
| influence of gangliosides or lps-like gangliosides on the tumoricidal activity of adherent leukocytes. | we previously showed that highly metastatic clones derived from the poorly metastatic human melanoma cell line m4be are very radiosensitive provided that they are deficient in complex gangliosides. here, we report that the highly metastatic clone 4 appears more sensitive to activated adherent leukocytes than m4be via a transmembrane tnf-alpha-dependent mechanism. adherent leukocytes (al) were freshly isolated from different blood donors and were activated with esherichia coli lipopolysaccharide ... | 2001 | 11280042 |
| preceding infections, immune factors, and outcome in guillain-barré syndrome. | to test the hypothesis that different preceding infections influence the neurophysiologic classification and clinical features of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). | 2001 | 11274311 |
| yersinia pestis pfra shows biovar-specific differences and recent common ancestry with a salmonella enterica serovar typhi plasmid. | population genetic studies suggest that yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a clonal pathogen that has recently emerged from yersinia pseudotuberculosis. plasmid acquisition is likely to have been a key element in this evolutionary leap from an enteric to a flea-transmitted systemic pathogen. however, the origin of y. pestis-specific plasmids remains obscure. we demonstrate specific plasmid rearrangements in different y. pestis strains which distinguish y. pestis bv. orientalis strains from ... | 2001 | 11274119 |
| allelic diversity and recombination in campylobacter jejuni. | the allelic diversity and population structure of campylobacter jejuni were studied by multilocus nucleotide sequence analysis. sequences from seven housekeeping genes were obtained from 32 c. jejuni isolates isolated from enteritis patients in germany, hungary, thailand, and the united states. also included was strain nctc 11168, the complete genomic sequence of which has recently been published. for all loci analyzed, multiple strains carried identical alleles. the frequency of synonymous and ... | 2001 | 11274115 |
| adhesion of type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to altered composition of outer membrane proteins. | phenotypic differences between planktonic bacteria and those attached to abiotic surfaces exist, but the mechanisms involved in the adhesion response of bacteria are not well understood. by the use of two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have demonstrated that attachment of escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to alteration in the composition of outer membrane proteins. a major decrease in the abundance of resolved proteins was observed during adhesion of type 1-fimb ... | 2001 | 11274103 |
| gcpe is involved in the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in escherichia coli. | in a variety of organisms, including plants and several eubacteria, isoprenoids are synthesized by the mevalonate-independent 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway. although different enzymes of this pathway have been described, the terminal biosynthetic steps of the mep pathway have not been fully elucidated. in this work, we demonstrate that the gcpe gene of escherichia coli is involved in this pathway. e. coli cells were genetically engineered to utilize exogenously provided meval ... | 2001 | 11274098 |
| comparison of basal broth media for the optimal laboratory recovery of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | campylobacter species are the most common known bacterial cause of acute diarrhoeal disease and incidences are increasing yearly in ireland. concern is expressed that this increase may be due to poor laboratory techniques in recognising these organisms as they are fastidious and technically demanding to culture. | 2000 | 11272874 |
| difficulty in recovering inoculated campylobacter jejuni from dry poultry-associated samples. | we inoculated 5 cm2 of clean chick pads, 5 g of clean pine shavings, and fresh unsanitized broiler breeder eggshell halves with a cell suspension of campylobacter jejuni in physiological saline. inoculation levels were 10(2), 10(3), or 10(4) cells per sample. the samples were allowed to remain at room temperature for 15, 30, or 60 min before addition of enrichment broth. when chick pad samples were inoculated with 102 cells, by 15 min 40% of the samples had detectable levels of campylobacter, an ... | 2001 | 11271776 |
| extent of microbial contamination in united states pork retail products. | to determine the extent of microbiological contamination of u.s. pork, 384 samples of retail pork were collected from 24 stores in six cities, including (i) whole-muscle, store-packaged pork; (ii) fresh, store-packaged ground pork and/or pork sausage; (iii) prepackaged ground pork and/or pork sausage; and (iv) whole-muscle, enhanced (injected or marinated; 60% store-packaged, 40% prepackaged) pork. additional samples (n = 120) of freshly ground pork and/or pork sausage were collected from two ho ... | 2001 | 11271763 |
| quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra and parc in pasteurella multocida strains with different levels of nalidixic acid resistance. | 2001 | 11270370 | |
| in vitro activity of rifaximin against enteropathogens producing traveler's diarrhea. | 2001 | 11269233 | |
| the iron-induced ferredoxin fdxa of campylobacter jejuni is involved in aerotolerance. | a gene encoding a putative 2[4fe--4s] ferredoxin (fdxa) was identified upstream of, and divergent to the peroxide stress defense gene ahpc of the microaerophilic pathogen campylobacter jejuni. the transcription start site of fdxa was located 27 and 28 bp upstream of the fdxa start codon. transcriptional fusions of the fdxa promoter to a lacz reporter gene demonstrated that expression of fdxa is iron-induced, and thus oppositely regulated to the iron-repressed ahpc gene. insertional mutagenesis o ... | 2001 | 11267778 |
| identification of thermophilic species by the amino acid compositions deduced from their genomes. | the global amino acid compositions as deduced from the complete genomic sequences of six thermophilic archaea, two thermophilic bacteria, 17 mesophilic bacteria and two eukaryotic species were analysed by hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis. both methods showed an influence of several factors on amino acid composition. although gc content has a dominant effect, thermophilic species can be identified by their global amino acid compositions alone. this study presents a carefu ... | 2001 | 11266564 |
| quinolone and macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates. | the incidence of human campylobacter jejuni and c. coli infections has increased markedly in many parts of the world in the last decade as has the number of quinolone-resistant and, to a lesser extent, macrolide-resistant campylobacter strains causing infections. we review macrolide and quinolone resistance in campylobacter and track resistance trends in human clinical isolates in relation to use of these agents in food animals. susceptibility data suggest that erythromycin and other macrolides ... | 2001 | 11266291 |
| bile-induced 'pili' in campylobacter jejuni are bacteria-independent artifacts of the culture medium. | in 1996, it was reported that the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni produces pilus-like appendages in response to bile salts such as deoxycholate (doc), and that the formation of these appendages requires the putative peptidase pspa. pili were known to be important virulence determinants in other pathogenic bacteria but had never before been observed for c. jejuni. we report here that these appendages are not pili, but are instead a bacteria-independent morphological artifact of the growth m ... | 2001 | 11260471 |
| incidence of guillain-barré syndrome following infection with campylobacter jejuni. | evidence of recent or ongoing campylobacter jejuni infection has been found in approximately one out of every four cases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). it is increasingly accepted that c. jejuni infection is an important causal factor for gbs. however, the likelihood of gbs' occurring following an episode of c. jejuni gastroenteritis has not been measured. the authors measured the incidence of gbs in a large cohort of persons with laboratory-confirmed c. jejuni infection. cases of c. jejuni i ... | 2001 | 11257070 |
| bactericidal activities of milk lipids. | the bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro using escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and clostridium perfringens. c10:0 and c12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly ... | 2001 | 11257052 |
| rho is not essential for viability or virulence in staphylococcus aureus. | we have identified the gene for transcription termination factor rho in staphylococcus aureus. deletion of rho in s. aureus reveals that it is not essential for viability or virulence. we also searched the available bacterial genomic sequences for homologs of rho and found that it is broadly distributed and highly conserved. exceptions include streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma pneumoniae, ureaplasma urealyticum, and synechocystis sp. strain pcc68 ... | 2001 | 11257021 |
| indicators of rapid clinical recovery in guillain-barré syndrome. | to elucidate the features of patients with guillain-barré syndrome who show markedly rapid clinical recovery, clinical, serological, and electrophysiological data of 80 consecutive patients were reviewed. antigangliosides, and campylobacter jejuni and haemophilus influenzae antibodies were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. nine (11%) patients showed rapid recovery (improvement by two or more hughes grades within 2 weeks). they often had electrodiagnosis of acute motor axonal neurop ... | 2001 | 11254791 |
| guillain-barré syndrome- and miller fisher syndrome-associated campylobacter jejuni lipopolysaccharides induce anti-gm1 and anti-gq1b antibodies in rabbits. | campylobacter jejuni infections are thought to induce antiganglioside antibodies in patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) and miller fisher syndrome (mfs) by molecular mimicry between c. jejuni lipopolysaccharides (lps) and gangliosides. we used purified lps fractions from five campylobacter strains to induce antiganglioside responses in rabbits. the animals that received injections with lps from gbs-associated strains developed anti-gm1 and anti-ga1 antibodies. animals injected with lps f ... | 2001 | 11254608 |
| flagellum of legionella pneumophila positively affects the early phase of infection of eukaryotic host cells. | legionella pneumophila, the etiologic agent of legionnaires' disease, contains a single, monopolar flagellum which is composed of one major subunit, the flaa protein. to evaluate the role of the flagellum in the pathogenesis and ecology of legionella, the flaa gene of l. pneumophila corby was mutagenized by introduction of a kanamycin resistance cassette. immunoblots with antiflagellin-specific polyclonal antiserum, electron microscopy, and motility assays confirmed that the specific flagellar m ... | 2001 | 11254565 |
| pcr-elisas for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in poultry samples. | campylobacter species, primarily campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are regarded as a major cause of human gastrointestinal disease, commonly acquired by eating undercooked chicken. we describe a pcr-elisa for the detection of campylobacter species and the discrimination of c. jejuni and c. coli in poultry samples. the pcr assay targets the 16s/23s ribosomal rna intergenic spacer region of campylobacter species with dna oligonucleotide probes designed for the specific detection of c. j ... | 2001 | 11252796 |
| jlpa, a novel surface-exposed lipoprotein specific to campylobacter jejuni, mediates adherence to host epithelial cells. | a 1116 bp open reading frame (orf), designated jlpa, encoding a novel species-specific lipoprotein of campylobacter jejuni tgh9011, was identified from recombinant plasmid phip-o. the jlpa gene encodes a polypeptide (jlpa) of 372 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 42.3 kda. jlpa contains a typical signal peptide and lipoprotein processing site at the n-terminus. the presence of a lipid moiety on the jlpa molecule was confirmed by the incorporation of [3h]-palmitic acid. immunoblotting ... | 2001 | 11251839 |
| frequency of triggering bacteria in patients with reactive arthritis and undifferentiated oligoarthritis and the relative importance of the tests used for diagnosis. | reactive arthritis (rea) triggered by chlamydia trachomatis or enteric bacteria such as yersinia, salmonella, campylobacter jejuni, or shigella is an important differential diagnosis in patients presenting with the clinical picture of an undifferentiated oligoarthritis (uoa). this study was undertaken to evaluate the best diagnostic approach. | 2001 | 11247862 |
| in vitro transposition system for efficient generation of random mutants of campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of food-borne illnesses in the united states. despite the fact that the entire nucleotide sequence of its genome has recently become available, its mechanisms of pathogenicity are poorly understood. this is in part due to the lack of an efficient mutagenesis system. here we describe an in vitro transposon mutagenesis system based on the staphylococcus aureus transposable element tn552 that allows the efficient generation of insertion mutants of c. je ... | 2001 | 11244083 |
| p(ii) signal transduction proteins, pivotal players in microbial nitrogen control. | the p(ii) family of signal transduction proteins are among the most widely distributed signal proteins in the bacterial world. first identified in 1969 as a component of the glutamine synthetase regulatory apparatus, p(ii) proteins have since been recognized as playing a pivotal role in control of prokaryotic nitrogen metabolism. more recently, members of the family have been found in higher plants, where they also potentially play a role in nitrogen control. the p(ii) proteins can function in t ... | 2001 | 11238986 |
| hyperthermophilic enzymes: sources, uses, and molecular mechanisms for thermostability. | enzymes synthesized by hyperthermophiles (bacteria and archaea with optimal growth temperatures of > 80 degrees c), also called hyperthermophilic enzymes, are typically thermostable (i.e., resistant to irreversible inactivation at high temperatures) and are optimally active at high temperatures. these enzymes share the same catalytic mechanisms with their mesophilic counterparts. when cloned and expressed in mesophilic hosts, hyperthermophilic enzymes usually retain their thermal properties, ind ... | 2001 | 11238984 |
| antibody responses to campylobacter infections determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: 2-year follow-up study of 210 patients. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was adapted to measure immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga classes of human serum antibody to campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. heat-stable antigen, a combination of c. jejuni serotype o:1,44 and o:53 in the ratio 1:1, was used as a coating antigen in the elisa test. a total of 631 sera from 210 patients with verified campylobacter enteritis were examined at various intervals after infection, and a control group of 164 sera were tested to ... | 2001 | 11238214 |
| sporadic campylobacter jejuni infections in hawaii: associations with prior antibiotic use and commercially prepared chicken. | campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the united states, and hawaii has the highest rate of campylobacter jejuni infections in the nation. a case-control study was conducted to determine indigenous exposures that contribute to the high incidence of sporadic c. jejuni infection in hawaii. a total of 211 case patients with diarrhea and confirmed campylobacter infection was enrolled, along with 1 age- and telephone exchange-matched control subject for each patient ... | 2001 | 11237847 |
| [experimental study on an animal model of axonal form guillain-barre syndrome]. | to investigate an animal model of axonal form guillain-barre syndrome (gbs). | 2000 | 11236637 |
| evaluation of a group-specific 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr for detection of helicobacter bizzozeronii, helicobacter felis, and helicobacter salomonis in fresh and paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens. | a new specific and sensitive 16s ribosomal dna-based pcr assay was developed. the assay targets a 78-bp dna fragment unique to helicobacter bizzozeronii, helicobacter felis, and helicobacter salomonis and can be used with freshly frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens. | 2001 | 11230459 |
| molecular characterization of flid gene encoding flagellar cap and its expression among clostridium difficile isolates from different serogroups. | the flid gene encoding the flagellar cap protein (flid) of clostridium difficile was studied in 46 isolates belonging to serogroups a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i, k, x, and s3, including 30 flagellated strains and 16 nonflagellated strains. in all but three isolates, amplification by pcr and reverse transcription-pcr demonstrated that the flid gene is present and transcribed in both flagellated and nonflagellated strains. pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of amplified flid ge ... | 2001 | 11230454 |
| antimicrobial resistance and bacterial identification utilizing a microelectronic chip array. | species-specific bacterial identification of clinical specimens is often limited to a few species due to the difficulty of performing multiplex reactions. in addition, discrimination of amplicons is time-consuming and laborious, consisting of gel electrophoresis, probe hybridization, or sequencing technology. in order to simplify the process of bacterial identification, we combined anchored in situ amplification on a microelectronic chip array with discrimination and detection on the same platfo ... | 2001 | 11230433 |
| evidence for a genetically stable strain of campylobacter jejuni. | the genetic stability of selected epidemiologically linked strains of campylobacter jejuni during outbreak situations was investigated by using subtyping techniques. strains isolated from geographically related chicken flock outbreaks in 1998 and from a human outbreak in 1981 were investigated. there was little similarity in the strains obtained from the different chicken flock outbreaks; however, the strains from each of three chicken outbreaks, including strains isolated from various environme ... | 2001 | 11229909 |
| neonatal sepsis by campylobacter jejuni: genetically proven transmission from a household puppy. | we report a case of neonatal campylobacter jejuni sepsis in a 3-week-old infant who acquired the infection through transmission from a recently acquired household puppy. genotyping of campylobacter strains obtained from puppy and child resulted in highly homogeneous findings. this represents the first genetically proven c. jejuni dog-human transmission. | 2001 | 11229867 |
| exoribonuclease superfamilies: structural analysis and phylogenetic distribution. | exoribonucleases play an important role in all aspects of rna metabolism. biochemical and genetic analyses in recent years have identified many new rnases and it is now clear that a single cell can contain multiple enzymes of this class. here, we analyze the structure and phylogenetic distribution of the known exoribonucleases. based on extensive sequence analysis and on their catalytic properties, all of the exoribonucleases and their homologs have been grouped into six superfamilies and variou ... | 2001 | 11222749 |
| identification of an actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae consensus promoter structure. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae promoter-containing clones were isolated from a genomic dna library constructed in our lvet promoter trap vector ptf86. the promoter-containing clones were identified by their ability to drive expression of the promoterless luxab genes of vibrio harveyi. the degree of expression was quantifiable, and only high-expression or "hot" promoters were used for this study. nine clones were sequenced, and their transcriptional start sites were determined by primer extensio ... | 2001 | 11222596 |
| essential thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin system from helicobacter pylori: genetic and kinetic characterization. | helicobacter pylori, an oxygen-sensitive microaerophile, contains an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase homologue (ahpc, hp1563) that is more closely related to 2-cys peroxiredoxins of higher organisms than to most other eubacterial ahpc proteins. allelic replacement mutagenesis revealed ahpc to be essential, suggesting a critical role for ahpc in defending h. pylori against oxygen toxicity. characterization of the ahpc promoter region divulged two putative regulatory elements and identified the tran ... | 2001 | 11222594 |
| macrolide resistance in campylobacter coli of animal origin in denmark. | 2001 | 11221726 | |
| chemical structure of the core oligosaccharide of aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni o:2 lipopolysaccharide. | the structure of the core oligosaccharide of aerotolerant campylobacter jejuni 0:2 lipopolysaccharide was determined and found to contain 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo), l-glycero-d-manno-heptose (ld-hep), d-galactose, d-glucose, and phosphorylethanolamine (petn). based on 1h, 13c and 31p nmr spectroscopic studies including 2d cosy, tocsy, roesy and heteronuclear 1h-31p and hmqc experiments it was established that the oligosaccharide has the following structure: [structure: see text]. | 2001 | 11217975 |
| campylobacter jejuni bacteremia, peritonitis, and exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis in a patient on capd: case report and literature review. | 2000 | 11216580 | |
| epidemiologic features of campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry broiler houses and surrounding environments as determined by use of molecular strain typing. | to genetically type campylobacter jejuni isolates from broiler houses or the external environment to identify the source of campylobacter organisms in broiler chickens. | 2001 | 11212026 |
| identification of a genomic island present in the majority of pathogenic isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium, is capable of colonizing a wide range of environmental niches and can also cause serious infections in humans. in order to understand the genetic makeup of pathogenic p. aeruginosa strains, a method of differential hybridization of arrayed libraries of cloned dna fragments was developed. an m13 library of dna from strain x24509, isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection, was screened using a dna probe from p. aeruginosa s ... | 2001 | 11208781 |
| plasma cytokine response in mice with bacterial infection. | exposure to microorganisms elicts the production of cytokines. these soluble factors enhance several innate immune functions and regulate the ensuing specific immune response aimed at limiting the spread of infection. | 2000 | 11200363 |
| national surveillance of campylobacter in broilers at slaughter in denmark in 1998. | a surveillance study for thermophilic campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks was carried out for the year 1998 in denmark. the study included examinations of 4286 broiler flocks comprising samples from 57,000 birds. overall, a flock prevalence of 46.0% was recorded. the species distribution was campylobacter jejuni 86%, campylobacter coli 11%, campylobacter lari 1%, other not further diagnosed species 2%. the prevalence was significantly higher in the period from june to october (3.2 < odds ratio ... | 2000 | 11195660 |
| sequential spread of campylobacter infection in a multipen broiler house. | generally, colonization with campylobacter jejuni is first detected in broilers 2-3 wk after hatching. once introduced into a flock, this infection spreads very rapidly. the sources and routes of transmission of c. jejuni in broilers remain debatable. in this study, the spread of infection was monitored in a commercial multipen broiler house in which birds were contained in discrete groups and sampled sequentially. colonization was monitored in two broiler flocks up to slaughter. serotyping and ... | 2000 | 11195658 |
| genotyping campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the gut and oviduct of laying hens. | campylobacter jejuni frequently colonizes the avian intestine. recent evidence suggests that this organism can also colonize the oviduct of laying hens. however, the source and role of this colonization are unknown. isolates from the ceca, cloacae, and oviducts of 11 laying hens in three intensive egg-producing flocks were genotyped by fla typing with the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the polymerase chain reaction product of the flaa and flab genes (fla typing) and pulsed-field gel ... | 2000 | 11195647 |
| detection of thermophilic campylobacter from sparrows by multiplex pcr: the role of sparrows as a source of contamination of broilers with campylobacter. | the best combination of primers and the annealing temperature of multiplex pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari were examined. the multiplex pcr was able to detect type strains of the three species. all results of identification of wild strains (30 strains of c. jejuni, 20 strains of c. coli, and 4 strains of c. lari) by the multiplex pcr coincided with those of the conventional biochemical identification tests, suggesting that the multiplex pcr can simultaneo ... | 2000 | 11193345 |
| essential role of glu-c66 for menaquinol oxidation indicates transmembrane electrochemical potential generation by wolinella succinogenes fumarate reductase. | quinol:fumarate reductase (qfr) is a membrane protein complex that couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related enzyme succinate:quinone reductase (succinate dehydrogenase). in the previously determined structure of qfr from wolinella succinogenes, the site of fumarate reduction in the flavoprotein subunit a of the enzyme was identified, but the site of menaquinol oxidation was not. in the crystal st ... | 2000 | 11186225 |
| phenotypic resistance of staphylococcus aureus, selected enterobacteriaceae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa after single and multiple in vitro exposures to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin. | the phenotypic resistance of selected organisms to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin was defined as a mic of > or =4 microg/ml. the dynamics of resistance were studied after single and sequential drug exposures: clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa and mrsa), escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were utilized. after a single 48-h exposure of a large ... | 2001 | 11181375 |
| eagle-type methicillin resistance: new phenotype of high methicillin resistance under mec regulator gene control. | we report a novel phenotype of methicillin resistance, designated "eagle-type" resistance, which is characteristic in its resistance to high concentrations of methicillin (64 to 512 microg/ml) and susceptibility to low concentrations of methicillin (2 to 16 microg/ml). the type of resistance was expressed in mutant strains selected with high concentrations (e.g., 128 to 512 microg/ml) of methicillin from the pre-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strain n315, whose meca gene transcripti ... | 2001 | 11181367 |
| polarized entry of uropathogenic afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 into human epithelial cells: evidence for alpha5beta1 integrin recognition and subsequent internalization through a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic unstable microtubules. | afa/dr diffusely adhering escherichia coli strain ih11128 bacteria basolaterally entered polarized epithelial cells by a cd55- and cd66e-independent mechanism through interaction with the alpha5beta1 integrin and a pathway involving caveolae and dynamic microtubules (mts). ih11128 invasion within hela cells was dramatically decreased after the cells were treated with the cholesterol-extracting drug methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or the caveola-disrupting drug filipin. disassembly of the dynamically un ... | 2001 | 11179364 |
| helicobacter pylori pore-forming cytolysin orthologue tlya possesses in vitro hemolytic activity and has a role in colonization of the gastric mucosa. | hemolysins have been found to possess a variety of functions in bacteria, including a role in virulence. helicobacter pylori demonstrates hemolytic activity when cultured on unlysed blood agar plates which is increased under iron-limiting conditions. however, the role of an h. pylori hemolysin in virulence is unclear. scrutiny of the h. pylori 26695 genome sequence suggests the presence of at least two distinct hemolysins, hp1086 and hp1490, in this strain. previous studies have shown that the i ... | 2001 | 11179345 |
| evidence for symmetric chromosomal inversions around the replication origin in bacteria. | whole-genome comparisons can provide great insight into many aspects of biology. until recently, however, comparisons were mainly possible only between distantly related species. complete genome sequences are now becoming available from multiple sets of closely related strains or species. | 2000 | 11178265 |
| towards understanding the first genome sequence of a crenarchaeon by genome annotation using clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (cogs). | standard archival sequence databases have not been designed as tools for genome annotation and are far from being optimal for this purpose. we used the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (cogs) to reannotate the genomes of two archaea, aeropyrum pernix, the first member of the crenarchaea to be sequenced, and pyrococcus abyssi. | 2000 | 11178258 |
| the alpha/beta fold uracil dna glycosylases: a common origin with diverse fates. | uracil dna glycosylases (udgs) are major repair enzymes that protect dna from mutational damage caused by uracil incorporated as a result of a polymerase error or deamination of cytosine. four distinct families of udgs have been identified, which show very limited sequence similarity to each other, although two of them have been shown to possess the same structural fold. the structural and evolutionary relationships between the rest of the udgs remain uncertain. | 2000 | 11178247 |
| foodborne illnesses. | foodborne illnesses cause a substantial human and financial burden. despite sanitary infrastructure improvements, the incidence of foodborne bacterial infections due to non-typhoidal salmonellae (nts), campylobacter jejuni, and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) has risen over the last two decades. overall, viruses account for two thirds of all foodborne illness. most foodborne illnesses are self-limited. supportive therapy with rehydration and the correction of electrolyte abnormalities ... | 2001 | 11177679 |
| deciphering campylobacter jejuni cell surface interactions from the genome sequence. | the completion of the campylobacter jejuni genome sequence is a landmark in campylobacter research. discoveries directly arising from these data include the identification of a capsular polysaccharide, extensive capacity for phase variable gene expression and lipo-oligosaccharide structural phase variation. the recent identification of a unique system of general protein glycosylation in c. jejuni, a c. jejuni protein that is translocated into eukaryotic cells, and plasmid-encoded components of a ... | 2001 | 11173031 |
| the effects of uvb and temperature on the survival of natural populations and pure cultures of campylobacter jejuni, camp. coli, camp. lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (uptc) in surface waters. | to determine whether diurnal and seasonal variations in campylobacters in surface waters result from the effects of temperature and u.v. radiation, and whether natural populations of campylobacter lari and urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters (uptc) from birds survive better in surface waters than camp. jejuni from sewage. | 2001 | 11168729 |
| co-option of endocytic functions of cellular caveolae by pathogens. | it is increasingly becoming clear that various immune cells are infected by the very pathogens that they are supposed to attack. although many mechanisms for microbial entry exist, it appears that a common route of entry shared by certain bacteria, viruses and parasites involves cellular lipid-rich microdomains sometimes called caveolae. these cellular entities, which are characterized by their preferential accumulation of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored molecules, cholesterol and va ... | 2001 | 11168630 |
| guillain-barré syndrome with igm antibody to the ganglioside galnac-gd1a. | we analyzed the characteristics of 29 guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) patients with igm anti-galnac-gd1a antibodies. fourteen of them had had an antecedent cytomegalovirus infection (cmv group) and 12 gastrointestinal infection (g-i group). most of the g-i group patients (nine of 12) were subsequent to campylobacter jejuni infection. electrophysiological results in both groups patients predominantly indicated demyelinating neuropathy. the cmv group patients were characterized by slow progression a ... | 2001 | 11164910 |
| campylobacter myocarditis; loose bowels and a baggy heart. | we report an unusual case of acute myocarditis associated with campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis leading to severe impairment of left ventricular systolic function. contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the presence of acute myocardial inflammation and its resolution. | 2001 | 11163743 |
| a thermostable endonuclease iii homolog from the archaeon pyrobaculum aerophilum. | pyrimidine adducts in cellular dna arise from modification of the pyrimidine 5,6-double bond by oxidation, reduction or hydration. the biological outcome includes increased mutation rate and potential lethality. a major dna n:-glycosylase responsible for the excision of modified pyrimidine bases is the base excision repair (ber) glycosylase endonuclease iii, for which functional homologs have been identified and characterized in escherichia coli, yeast and humans. so far, little is known about h ... | 2001 | 11160880 |
| allelic variation within helicobacter pylori baba and babb. | helicobacter pylori strains show both geographic and disease-associated allelic variation. we investigated the diversity present in two genes, baba and babb, which are members of a paralogous family of outer membrane proteins. eleven family members within a single h. pylori strain, predicted to encode proteins with substantial n- and c-terminal similarity to each other, were classified as baba paralogues. in their central regions, most are less than 54% related to one another. examining the baba ... | 2001 | 11160014 |
| toxin synthesis and mucin breakdown are related to swarming phenomenon in clostridium septicum. | clostridium septicum is responsible for several diseases in humans and animals. the bacterium is capable of a simple kind of multicellular behavior known as swarming. in this investigation, environmental and physiologic factors affecting growth and swarm cell formation in c. septicum were studied over a range of dilution rates (d = 0.02 to 0.65 h(-1)) in glucose-limited, glucose-excess, and mucin-limited chemostats. cellular differentiation was observed at low specific growth rates, irrespective ... | 2001 | 11160009 |
| identification of rgg-regulated exoproteins of streptococcus pyogenes. | streptococcus pyogenes secretes many proteins that influence host-pathogen interactions. despite their importance, relatively little is known about the regulation of these proteins. the rgg gene (also known as ropb) is required for the expression of streptococcal erythrogenic toxin b (spe b), an extracellular cysteine protease that contributes to virulence. proteomics was used to determine if rgg regulates the expression of additional exoproteins. exponential- and stationary-phase culture supern ... | 2001 | 11159974 |
| vacuolating cytotoxin of helicobacter pylori plays a role during colonization in a mouse model of infection. | helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of gastritis and ulcer disease in humans, secretes a toxin called vaca (vacuolating cytotoxin) into culture supernatants. vaca was initially characterized and purified on the basis of its ability to induce the formation of intracellular vacuoles in tissue culture cells. h. pylori strains possessing different alleles of vaca differ in their ability to express active toxin. those strains expressing higher toxin levels are correlated with more severe gastric ... | 2001 | 11159961 |
| bacterial rna polymerase subunit omega and eukaryotic rna polymerase subunit rpb6 are sequence, structural, and functional homologs and promote rna polymerase assembly. | bacterial dna-dependent rna polymerase (rnap) has subunit composition beta'betaalpha(i)alpha(ii)omega. the role of omega has been unclear. we show that omega is homologous in sequence and structure to rpb6, an essential subunit shared in eukaryotic rnap i, ii, and iii. in escherichia coli, overproduction of omega suppresses the assembly defect caused by substitution of residue 1362 of the largest subunit of rnap, beta'. in yeast, overproduction of rpb6 suppresses the assembly defect caused by th ... | 2001 | 11158566 |
| flagella as a potential marker for campylobacter jejuni strains associated with guillain-barré syndrome. | campylobacter jejuni recovered from patients with guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) in different geographical locations and bearing different heat-labile and heat-stable antigens were found to have identical amino acid sequences in their flagellar flaa short variable region, suggesting that it may be a potentially useful marker for gbs association. | 2001 | 11158146 |
| agilent 2100 bioanalyzer for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the campylobacter jejuni flagellin gene. | the agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (agilent technologies, palo alto, calif.) utilizes capillary electrophoresis on a microchip device (labchip 7500; caliper technologies, mountain view, calif.) that is capable of rapidly sizing small dna fragments. to determine whether the system could replace conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) typing by agarose gel electrophoresis, we compared the analyzer with conventional flagellin rflp for typing campylobacter jejuni. ninety-seven isolate ... | 2001 | 11158144 |
| clonal relationships among shigella serotypes suggested by cryptic flagellin gene polymorphism. | the presence of cryptic flic alleles in the genomes of 120 strains representative of the four shigella species was investigated. one fragment was obtained by pcr amplification of flic, with a size varying from 1.2 to 3.2 kbp, depending on the species or serotype. after digestion with endonuclease hhai, the number of fragments in patterns varied from three to nine, with sizes of between 115 and 1,020 bp. patterns sharing most of their bands were grouped to constitute an f type. a total of 17 diff ... | 2001 | 11158126 |
| use of rpob gene analysis for detection and identification of bartonella species. | identification of bartonella species is of increasing importance as the number of infections in which these bacteria are involved increases. to date, these gram-negative bacilli have been identified by various serological, biochemical, and genotypic methods. however, the development of alternative tools is required, principally to circumvent a major risk of contamination during sample manipulation. the aim of our study was to investigate the possible identification of various bartonella species ... | 2001 | 11158086 |