Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro activity of trimethoprim alone compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobials against bacterial species associated with upper respiratory tract infections. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used to treat various respiratory tract infections. nevertheless, for many patients, intolerance of the sulfonamide component precludes use of this combination. this study examined the activity of trimethoprim alone in comparison to that of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other antimicrobials against bacterial species implicated in respiratory tract infections. for haemophilus influenzae, minimal inhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim were equal to or ... | 1997 | 9350413 |
| in-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract infections. | trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were equally active against moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90 = 1 mg/l), followed by trovafloxacin (mic90 = 4 mg/l). trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes (mic90 = 0.12 mg/l), streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 = ... | 1997 | 9338498 |
| increasing antimicrobial resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in finland. | respiratory and otitis isolates of 807 streptococcus pneumoniae, 816 haemophilus influenzae and 446 moraxella catarrhalis were collected from 21 clinical microbiology laboratories for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in 1995. after a period of relative stability in 1981 and 1987-1990, beta-lactamase production increased in h. influenzae. among middle ear isolates from children under 6 years, beta-lactamase production increased from 8% to 24% in h. influenzae and from 81% to 96% in m. catarrh ... | 1997 | 9338492 |
| antibacterial activity of ru 64004 (hmr 3004), a novel ketolide derivative active against respiratory pathogens. | the antibacterial activity of ru 64004, a new ketolide, was evaluated against more than 600 bacterial strains and was compared with those of various macrolides and pristinamycin. ru 64004 had good activity against multiresistant pneumococci, whether they were erythromycin a resistant or not, including penicillin-resistant strains. ru 64004 inhibited 90% of pneumococci resistant to erythromycin a and penicillin g at 0.6 and 0.15 microg/ml, respectively. unlike macrolides, ru 64004 did not induce ... | 1997 | 9333040 |
| studies on haemagglutination and serum resistance status of strains of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from the elderly. | a total of 40 strains of moraxella catarrhalis, isolated from the sputum of elderly persons with respiratory tract infections and from nasopharyngeal swabs from healthy elderly, were examined for haemagglutination of human red blood cells and resistance to bactericidal activity in normal human serum (nhs). 15 of 20 strains isolated from the infected elderly and 3 of 20 strains isolated from the healthy elderly showed haemagglutinating properties (p < 0.001). similarly, 13 of 20 strains from the ... | 1997 | 9309417 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae in acute otitis media. | aerobic bacterial pathogens are recovered from 65 to 85% of patients with acute otitis media (aom). although chlamydia pneumoniae is a common pathogen of pediatric pneumonia, it has rarely been cultured from children with chronic otitis media and its role in aom is unknown. | 1997 | 9306480 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization in costa rican children during the first year of life. | the establishment of the nasopharyngeal flora was followed in costa rican children from birth to 1 year of age. | 1997 | 9306479 |
| ceftibuten: a new expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | to review the antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of ceftibuten, a new expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | 1997 | 9296244 |
| [bacterial infectious agents implicated in lower respiratory tract infections in general practice]. | the consensus of the french society of infectious diseases established in 1991 states that streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae are the main causal agents of community-acquired lower airway infections and that antibiotics constitute the "prudent" solution in case of acute bronchitis which persists more than one week or in case of pneumonia in "fragile" at-risk adults. the efficacy of these "probabilistic" recommendations depends on the epidemiology of the infectious agents. the ob ... | 1997 | 9296114 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and mic quality control guidelines of rpr 106972 (rpr 112808/rpr106950): a novel orally administered streptogramin combination. the quality control study group. | rpr 106972 is a novel oral streptogramin combination with reported therapeutic potency against gram-positive and certain respiratory tract pathogens. mics for rpr 106972, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and seven comparison drugs were determined by the reference methods against 337 strains selected to define spectrum and potency. rpr 106972 demonstrated antimicrobial activity against oxacillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mic ranges of 0.12 to 2 micrograms/ml and 0.5 to 2 microgr ... | 1997 | 9294704 |
| bacterial findings in acute maxillary sinusitis--european study. | bacteriology of acute maxillary sinusitis was studied in 569 patients in 16 centers of 6 countries located throughout europe during 1992-1994 by ent specialists. patients with symptoms of acute sinusitis lasting less than 3 weeks with ongoing purulent nasal discharge were included. diagnosis was verified by sinus x-ray or ultrasonography and a positive aspiration finding in maxillary sinus puncture. one or more pathogens were isolated from the maxillary sinus aspirates of 375 (66%) patients. fif ... | 1997 | 9288300 |
| immunoglobulin-coated bacteria in effusions obtained during chronic maxillary sinusitis. | local protection of the maxillary sinuses against bacterial invasion takes both specific and non-specific forms. the present study is intended to evaluate the participation of the specific protective factors, immunoglobulins igg, secretory iga, igm and complement, in protecting the maxillary sinuses during chronic maxillary sinusitis (cms). we collected 47 sinus effusion samples from 37 patients (17 male, 20 female) with current cms of at least 3 months' duration. patients' ages ranged from 3 to ... | 1997 | 9288298 |
| do simple laboratory tests help in etiologic diagnosis in acute maxillary sinusitis? | the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the results of such simple hematologic tests as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr), white blood cell count (wbc) and c-reactive protein (crp) could give any useful information about the causative agents in 176 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis (ams). the great majority of tests (82%) showed values which were within normal limits. this may be due to the fact that 22% of ams cases were culture negative for bacteria and about 60% of cultu ... | 1997 | 9288295 |
| antigenic heterogeneity and molecular analysis of copb of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | outer membrane protein (omp) copb, an iron-repressible 81-kda major omp of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis has been a major focus of investigation. to assess copb as a potential vaccine antigen, we elucidated the degree of antigenic and sequence heterogeneity in this protein among strains of m. catarrhalis. two monoclonal antibodies, 1f5 and 2.9f, which bind to surface-exposed epitopes on copb recognized 60 and 70% of the strains, respectively. the degree of sequence heterogeneity in copb wa ... | 1997 | 9284135 |
| trovafloxacin. | trovafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent with a broad spectrum of activity. trovafloxacin has similar or 2-fold lower activity than ciprofloxacin against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, trovafloxacin has similar activity to ciprofloxacin. other susceptible gram-negative pathogens include neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasmas. the drug is active against gram-positive bacteria and consiste ... | 1997 | 9279505 |
| a 200 kda protein is associated with haemagglutinating isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis adheres to human erythrocytes by means of a proteinaceous, trypsin sensitive, heat modifiable haemagglutinin. a 200 kda protein was found to be associated with haemagglutinating isolates of m. catarrhalis. this protein was present on all haemagglutinating isolates (n = 17), but was absent on the non-haemagglutinating isolates (n = 23) examined. this protein demonstrated heat-modifiable properties in sodium dodecyl sulfate and was degraded by trypsin. immunoblot assays with ... | 1997 | 9271172 |
| role of adenoids in the pathogenesis of otitis media: a bacteriologic and immunohistochemical analysis. | adenoidectomy is frequently performed in children suffering from recurrent or chronic otitis media with effusion and is thought to produce a long-term effect in preventing further episodes of otitis media. bacteriologic analysis of adenoids from 60 patients revealed a significantly elevated colonization rate of middle ear pathogens in children with a present or previous history of ear disease compared to children with adenoidal hypertrophy only. the predominant pathogen was nontypeable haemophil ... | 1997 | 9270422 |
| [epidemiological evaluation of mycobacteria isolates in one city hospital: reports from the hospital microbiology laboratory]. | the frequency of mycobacteria isolated from patient's specimens at showa university fujigaoka hospital was investigated. by fitting a polynominal curve (degree = 3) of the annual frequency of culture-positive mycobacterium tuberculosis (1977 through 1995), it was noted that the frequency had not changed since 1977. the patients in the 40s or older and 60s or older comprised 74 and 38%, respectively. of 104 patients diagnosed as tuberculosis (between 1993 and 1995), 43 (41%) were compromised host ... | 1997 | 9259127 |
| experimental otitis media induced by nonviable moraxella catarrhalis in the guinea pig model. | moraxella catarrhalis is a normal resident of the human nasopharyngeal flora, but it is also isolated from middle ear fluid of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion patients. to determine whether m. catarrhalis has direct pathogenicity in the middle ear, heat-killed m. catarrhalis was inoculated into the middle ear bullae of guinea pigs, and the inflammatory response was investigated. middle ear mucosal histopathology observed in m. catarrhalis-inoculated ears included subepithelial ... | 1997 | 9251851 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis adherence to human bronchial and oropharyngeal cells: the role of adherence in lower respiratory tract infections. | to study the role of moraxella (subgenus branhamella) catarrhalis (b. catarrhalis) adherence to airway cells in lower respiratory tract infections, the in vitro attachments of b. catarrhalis to upper airway (oropharyngeal) and lower airway (bronchial) epithelial cells were compared. the adherence of 4 strains (1 nonfimbriated and 3 fimbriated) of b. catarrhalis to respiratory tract epithelial cells collected from 11 patients with chronic pulmonary disease (cpd) and 11 healthy individuals was eva ... | 1997 | 9251060 |
| relevance of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the selection of antibiotics for respiratory tract infections. | the pharmacodynamic principles that link the concentrations of antibiotics within body systems and their effects have been elucidated only recently. animal work, now confirmed by clinical studies, has shown that for beta-lactam antibiotics, the time that the serum concentration exceeds the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) value of the pathogen is a key parameter in predicting a successful clinical and bacteriological outcome. the situation with the macrolides is less clear; time above mic ... | 1997 | 9248979 |
| trends in the activity of macrolide and beta-lactam antibiotics and resistance development. alexander project group. | the alexander project is an ongoing international multicenter study monitoring trends in the antimicrobial susceptibilities of community-acquired lower respiratory tract (lrt) pathogens. in 1995, 4011 isolates were collected. the incidence of beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae was 28.4% in the united states and 15.4% in europe, and the incidence of beta-lactamase-positive moraxella catarrhalis has risen to > 90% in europe and the united states. the incidence of penicillin-resistant s ... | 1997 | 9248977 |
| the changing trend in the pattern of infective etiologies in childhood acute lower respiratory tract infection. | the etiologic agents causing acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children were compared for 1995 and 1988. between may 1994 to april 1995, 397 children were admitted to tan tock seng hospital for acute lrti compared to 240 children in 1988. the following criteria for lrti were used: (i) age less than 12 years with a community-acquired lrti; (ii) presence of cough or fever of less than 2 weeks' duration; and (iii) presence of tachypnea, chest retractions or pulmonary in ... | 1997 | 9241892 |
| [in vitro activity of cefetamet compared with other antimicrobial agents against bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infections]. | cefetamet pivoxil is a new beta lactamase orally stable administered cephalosporin. antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens has become an important problem for both the physician and the microbiologist and the patterns of resistance vary greatly depending on geographic location, often requiring in vitro susceptibility testing of isolates. | 1997 | 9224992 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against recent clinical isolates. | trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) was very active against gram-negative species examined including haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, legionella spp., neisseria spp. and escherichia coli (mic90s < or = 0.03 mg/l). in general trovafloxacin was twice as active as ofloxacin but only half as active as ciprofloxacin against gram-negative species. trovafloxacin was active against gram-positive organisms, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes and enteroco ... | 1997 | 9222069 |
| concentrations of trovafloxacin in bronchial mucosa, epithelial lining fluid, alveolar macrophages and serum after administration of single or multiple oral doses to patients undergoing fibre-optic bronchoscopy. | concentrations of trovafloxacin were measured in serum, alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid and bronchial mucosa following single and multiple oral doses. concentrations were determined using a microbiological assay method. there were 18 subjects in the single dose and nine subjects in the multiple dose groups. after single dosing, mean concentrations in serum, alveolar macrophages, epithelial lining fluid and bronchial mucosa at 6, 12 and 24 h were as follows: 6 h, 1.41 mg/l, 19.06 mg ... | 1997 | 9222050 |
| immune response to fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia and other anaerobes in children with acute tonsillitis. | the number of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was determined in the saliva of 20 children with acute group a beta-haemolytic streptococcal (gabhs) pharyngo-tonsillitis, and 20 with acute non-gabhs tonsillitis. antibody titres to four gram-negative anaerobic bacilli that reside in the oropharynx (fusobacterium nucleatum, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis, and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were determined in these and 20 control patients. an average of 8.8 aerobic and anaerobi ... | 1997 | 9222046 |
| selection of optimum laboratory tests for the identification of moraxella catarrhalis. | we evaluated a variety of conventional and rapid tests and examined the erythromycin susceptibility of a collection of moraxella catarrhalis and commensal neisseria strains in order to determine the optimum method for routine identification. one hundred and fifty three strains were tested by gram stain, catalase, oxidase, carbohydrate degradation by two methods and the presence of esterases using indoxyl acetate, 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate (mub). tween 80 and tributyrin as substrates. erythro ... | 1997 | 9213343 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1995)]. | the bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in 23 institutions around the entire japan, 567 strains of presumably etiological bacteria were isol ... | 1997 | 9212366 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, compared to activities of six fluoroquinolones against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, bay 12-8039, against recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 404), haemophilus influenzae (n = 330), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 250) was evaluated. activity was compared to those of six other fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin. bay 12-8039 and clinafloxacin had the highest levels of activity against s. pneumoniae, both with a mic at which 90% of the isol ... | 1997 | 9210692 |
| comparative effectiveness and safety of cefdinir and amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis. cefdinir sinusitis study group. | cefdinir is an extended-spectrum oral cephalosporin that is active against pathogens commonly seen in acute community-acquired bacterial sinusitis (acabs), including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. two randomized, investigator-blind, multicenter trials (one in the united states and one in europe) compared two dosage regimens of cefdinir (600 mg once a day for 10 days and 300 mg twice a day for 10 days) to amoxicillin-clavulanate (a-c) (500 mg three ti ... | 1997 | 9210677 |
| bacterial resistance to antibiotics in acute respiratory infections (aris). | in this review article, we make suggestions on how to approach the increasing problem worldwide of bacterial acute respiratory infections resistant to antibiotics. after a brief description of the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance, i.e., enzymatic inactivation by beta-lactamases, reduction in the permeability of the outer membrane and the development of pbps that have decreased affinity for the antibiotic, we analyze documented experiences on the response to different groups of antibiotics ... | 1997 | 9204608 |
| antigenic characterization and analysis of the human immune response to outer membrane protein e of branhamella catarrhalis. | outer membrane protein e (omp e) is a 50-kda major omp of branhamella catarrhalis. polyclonal antisera and four monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to omp e were generated to study its antigenic structure. all antibodies recognized epitopes in all 19 b. catarrhalis strains tested by immunoblot assays. by flow cytometry, it was determined that mabs 1b3 and 9g10d recognized epitopes which are expressed on the surface of the intact bacterium, while mabs ic11 and 7c10 recognized epitopes which were buried ... | 1997 | 9199435 |
| antimicrobial resistance: implications for managing respiratory failure. | the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens is increasing rapidly. in the community, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics has escalated dramatically among moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae. resistance to penicillin among s. pneumoniae has developed at an alarming rate over the past two decades. recent studies in the united states have cited rates of penicillin resistance as high as 23.6%, with 9.5% exhibiting high-level resistance. ... | 1997 | 9193863 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| cefpodoxime proxetil suspension compared with cefaclor suspension for treatment of acute otitis media in paediatric patients. | a multicentre open-label, randomised trial was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of cefpodoxime proxetil bd and cefaclor tds in the treatment of acute otitis media in children. a total of 167 children aged from 1 month to 11 years were enrolled in five centres: 78 treated with cefpodoxime and 83 treated with cefaclor, were evaluated in the itt analysis. after tympanocentesis and culture of middle ear fluid, a pathogen was isolated from 85 (53%) of the 161 evaluable patients for the it ... | 1996 | 9182113 |
| relationship between nasopharyngeal colonization and the development of otitis media in children. tonawanda/williamsville pediatrics. | streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the predominant bacteria associated with otitis media. a cohort of 306 infants was followed from birth through 12 months to determine frequency and duration of colonization and risk of acute otitis media (aom) and otitis media with effusion (ome). m. catarrhalis was the most common bacterium isolated. infants colonized at < or = 3 months of age were at increased risk of aom and ome. early colonization wit ... | 1997 | 9180184 |
| clarithromycin. a review of its efficacy in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients. | clarithromycin is a broad spectrum macrolide antibacterial agent active in vitro and effective in vivo against the major pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections in immunocompetent patients. it is highly active in vitro against pathogens causing atypical pneumonia (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella spp.) and has similar activity to other macrolides against staphylococcus aureus. streptococcus pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. hae ... | 1997 | 9179528 |
| in vitro activity of hsr-903, a new quinolone. | the in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone hsr-903 was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, and levofloxacin. hsr-903 inhibited 90% of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) clinical isolates at 0.78 and 1.56 microg/ml, respectively, and its activity against mrsa was 16-fold higher than those of sparfloxacin and levofloxacin and 64-fold higher than that of ciprofloxacin. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) o ... | 1997 | 9174193 |
| antimicrobial activity of du-6681a, a parent compound of novel oral carbapenem dz-2640. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of du-6681a, a parent compound of dz-2640, against gram-positive and -negative bacteria was compared with those of penems and cephalosporins currently available. mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) of the compound for clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains, were 0.10, 25, and 12.5 microg/ml, respectively. du-6 ... | 1997 | 9174181 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis: virulence and resistance mechanisms]. | it is more than a century ago that moraxella catarrhalis was discovered and described in some detail. however, it was not until the last decade that m. catarrhalis was recognized as a facultative pathogen, namely in otitis media (predominantly in children), sinusitis and nosocomial pneumonia in the group of elderly, debilitated patients. liberation of endotoxin, histamine, and chemotactically active factors can be considered the major pathogenicity factors. the pathogen can protect itself, on th ... | 1997 | 9173208 |
| bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study. | in contrast to the healthy population, distal airway bacterial colonization may occur in patients with chronic lung diseases, who often have altered pulmonary defences. however, the information dealing with this issue is insufficient and is based mainly on nonspecific samples, such as sputum cultures. using quantitative cultures of bronchoscopic protected specimen brush (psb) and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples, we studied the bacterial colonization of distal airways in 16 healthy subjects, ... | 1997 | 9163659 |
| five-year survey of cefotaxime resistance in spain. | during 1991-1995 a spain collaborative study group surveyed the resistance to cefotaxime both in community as well as in hospital isolates of bacteria. the isolates tested during the study period of 5 years were 813, 875, 3631, 3184, and 3050 strains, respectively. antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime was assayed by broth or agar microdilution, in accordance with criteria of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards (nccls). cefotaxime resistance included 2.5% of all isolates: 2.6% ... | 1995 | 9158804 |
| [differential cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy children in comparison with children colonized by lung-specific pathogens]. | bal is increasingly used in the assessment of pulmonary diseases, however, the role in children remains to be defined. therefore bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was performed on 21 healthy children in order to enable quantification and characterization of the alveolar cell populations. reference values for cellular constituents of bal fluid using rigid bronchoscopes are lacking-even though in children still 90% of bronchoscopies are done by rigid instruments and bal is performed using a catheter le ... | 1997 | 9157458 |
| hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in hong kong: a randomized study comparing imipenem/cilastatin and ceftazidime. | the aetiology and outcome of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were evaluated in 60 adult patients (38 male 22 female, mean age 68.4 years). they were randomized for treatment with either ceftazidime or imipenem/cilastatin intravenously for 7 days. bacteriological diagnoses were made in 25 cases (41.6%): streptococcus pneumoniae (5), haemophilus influenzae (5), pseudomonas spp. in particular pseudomonas aeruginosa (8), staphylococcus aureus (4), chl ... | 1997 | 9154675 |
| cefprozil treatment of persistent and recurrent acute otitis media. | we identified the pathogens causing persistent and recurrent acute otitis media (aom) and the clinical efficacy of cefprozil as treatment. | 1997 | 9154539 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis--clinical and molecular aspects of a rediscovered pathogen. | since its discovery at the end of the nineteenth century, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis has undergone several changes of nomenclature and periodic changes in its perceived status as either a commensal or a pathogen. molecular analysis based on dna hybridisation or 16s rdna sequence comparisons has established its phylogenetic position as a member of the moraxellaceae and shown that it is related more closely to acinetobacter spp. than to the genus neisseria in which it was placed formerly. ... | 1997 | 9152030 |
| susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis to 21 antimicrobial drugs: validity of current nccls criteria for the interpretation of agar disk diffusion antibiograms. | ninety-four clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis were examined for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobial drugs; 67 isolates (= 71.3%) produced beta-lactamase(s). in terms of antibiotic resistance, the number of isolates resistant to penicillin g, ampicillin, and cotrimoxazole were 56, 32, and 1, respectively. the number of isolates with intermediate susceptibility to penicillin g, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and fosfomycin were 11, 34, 1, 2, 2, and 47, respectively. a ... | 1997 | 9142455 |
| human immunoglobulin isotype and igg subclass response to different antigens of moraxella catarrhalis. | enzyme immunoassays were tested for the determination of antibodies of different isotypes and igg subclasses to moraxella catarrhalis in human sera. an assay based on an outer membrane protein preparation (omp) as antigen was compared to assays using whole bacterial cells and a purified lipopolysaccharide preparation. there was a good correlation between the results obtained with the omp preparation and the whole-cell antigen. in paired sera, optimal sensitivity was obtained by using the omp pre ... | 1997 | 9137517 |
| the antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media and sinusitis in children. | the development of resistance among the bacterial pathogens causing acute otitis media and sinusitis in children is causing considerable concern. although normally a mild infection, acute otitis media can produce serious complications with sequelae that can have long-lasting effects. high levels of resistance are now being seen in the three principal pathogens. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. most clinical trials comparing the efficacy of different an ... | 1997 | 9127104 |
| can antimicrobial activity be sustained? an appraisal of orally administered drugs used for respiratory tract infections. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) represent a major cause of illness worldwide. therefore, it is of great concern that common rti pathogens have become increasingly resistant to many of the antimicrobial agents used for therapy. for example, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis have become resistant to beta-lactam drugs by producing efficient beta-lactamases (> 35 and 90% of strains, respectively). more recently, pneumococci have become more resistant through the mechanism of alter ... | 1997 | 9127102 |
| antimicrobial activity of ru-66647, a new ketolide. | a new macrolide subclass called ketolides, possess a mode of action similar to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) compounds. utilizing reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of ru-66647 (a ketolide) was compared to other mls compounds against 376 gram-positive organisms and over 400 representative strains of gram-negative bacilli. the ketolide's spectrum was most similar to clindamycin and an earlier drug in the series (ru-64004 or ru-004) against staphylococci and streptococ ... | 1997 | 9127099 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among 723 outpatient clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis in the united states in 1994 and 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study. | seven hundred twenty-three isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained from outpatients with a variety of infections in 30 medical centers in the united states between 1 november 1994 and 30 april 1995 were characterized in a central laboratory. the overall rate of beta-lactamase production was 95.3%. when the national committee for clinical laboratory standards mic interpretive breakpoints for haemophilus influenzae were applied, percentages of strains found to be susceptible to selected oral an ... | 1996 | 9124860 |
| postantibiotic and post-beta-lactamase inhibitor effects of amoxicillin plus clavulanate. | the postantibiotic effect (pae) of amoxicillin-clavulanate was studied for strains of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and escherichia coli. a pae of approximately 2 h was seen for beta-lactamase-positive and -negative strains of s. aureus following 2 h of exposure to twice the mic and did not increase at 16 times the mic. the pae observed with h. influenzae was clearly related to the growth rate of the organism. a pae of 0.8 h was foun ... | 1996 | 9124843 |
| causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with acute otitis media (aom). other potential causative pathogens include streptococcus pyogenes in older children and chlamydia pneumoniae in younger children. the recent emergence of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and the increasing frequency of beta-lactamase-producing strains of m. catarrhalis and h. influenzae are creating concerns regarding the use of amoxi ... | 1997 | 9109158 |
| history of macrolide use in pediatrics. | erythromycin, the prototypical macrolide, has been widely used since the 1950s in the management of pediatric infections. erythromycin is the drug of choice for infants and children with legionnaire's disease, pertussis, diphtheria, lower respiratory tract infections caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis and enteritis caused by campylobacter jejuni. it is also indicated for treatment of syphilis; for streptococcal, staphylococcal and pneumococcal infecti ... | 1997 | 9109154 |
| highly conserved neisseria meningitidis surface protein confers protection against experimental infection. | a new surface protein, named nspa, which is distinct from the previously described neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins was identified. an nspa-specific mab, named me-1, reacted with 99% of the meningococcal strains tested indicating that the epitope recognized by this particular mab is widely distributed and highly conserved. western immunoblotting experiments indicated that mab me-1 is directed against a protein band with an approximate molecular mass of 22,000, but also recognized a ... | 1997 | 9104804 |
| pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem demonstrated by studies of time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. | the pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem, a new oral penem antibiotic, were investigated by studying time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. time-kill kinetics were employed against strains of bacteroides fragilis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes. the postantibiotic effects of faropenem were studied using strains of e. coli, s. aureus, h. influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. the time-kill kinetic data ... | 1997 | 9096193 |
| multicentre in-vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, co-amoxiclav and sparfloxacin. | seven laboratories, including a reference laboratory, tested the susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae strains to ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, co-amoxiclav and sparfloxacin with the etest. a total of 976 strains were collected. the results with ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin were consistent for all laboratories, while those with clarithromycin and co-amoxiclav were not. the agreement between etest mics and broth microdilution was: ciproflo ... | 1997 | 9096192 |
| the major outer membrane protein, cd, extracted from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a potential vaccine antigen that induces bactericidal antibodies. | the major outer membrane protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, cd, was detergent-extracted from the bacterial cell wall and purified to homogeneity in high yields by a simple process. the purified protein appeared to exhibit immunogenic properties similar to those of native cd exposed on the surface of the bacterium. antibodies to cd raised in mice specifically bound to intact b. catarrhalis, as determined by flow cytometry analysis. the igg subclass distributions of anti-cd antibodies ... | 1997 | 9093840 |
| empiric antibiotic selection criteria for respiratory infections in pediatric practice. | respiratory infections in children may occur as a consequence of resistant bacterial pathogens. streptococcus pneumoniae organisms resistant to penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and macrolides are increasingly prevalent. amoxicillin- and macrolide-resistant haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis are also more commonly seen. traditional agents such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole remain acceptable choices for most children with respiratory infectio ... | 1997 | 9076838 |
| choosing the right macrolide antibiotic. a guide to selection. | macrolide antibiotics have proven to be valuable alternatives to penicillins and cephalosporins for the treatment of a number of infections. currently, a number of macrolides are available. when choosing a particular macrolide, the types of organisms causing the infection, the tolerability of the drug, convenience of dosing and possible drug interactions all must be taken into account. erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin are equally effective against most gram-positive organisms. howev ... | 1997 | 9074839 |
| haemagglutination properties of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | the ability of 30 isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis to haemagglutinate erythrocytes of five species was examined. two haemagglutination phenotypes of m. catarrhalis were observed: phenotype i isolates (n = 10) agglutinated human erythrocytes, while phenotype ii isolates (n = 7) agglutinated both human and rabbit erythrocytes. no haemagglutination was observed with chick, sheep or horse erythrocytes. haemagglutination by both phenotype i and ii isolates was abolished following treat ... | 1996 | 9069102 |
| aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of bacterial tracheitis in children. | establish the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of bacterial tracheitis in children. | 1997 | 9061728 |
| middle ear mucin glycoprotein: purification and interaction with nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are important pathogens in children and adults. the mechanisms of their adherence to the epithelial cell surface and colonization are not clear. for the pathogen to adhere to the epithelial cell, it must first attach to and penetrate the mucus barrier. mucin glycoproteins of the mucus layer generally are thought to be involved in bacterial attachment. to understand the precise mechanisms of middle ear mucin-bacterial interactions, we us ... | 1997 | 9051060 |
| the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem. | the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem, was studied in comparison with other beta-lactam antimicrobials against 711 recent clinical isolates including gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. mic data showed that faropenem was active against most members of the enterobacteriaceae (mics < or = 4 mg/l), with reduced activity against serratia spp. (mic90 = 32 mg/l). in common with its comparators, faropenem had weak activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotropho ... | 1997 | 9044026 |
| comparison of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. | use of a beta-lactamase stable antibiotic is called for in cases of acute otitis media (aom) likely to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. two beta-lactamase-stable agents commonly used for empirical treatment of aom are amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefixime. | 1997 | 9041624 |
| in vitro activity and spectrum of ly333328, a novel glycopeptide derivative. | reference methods were used to determine the potency of ly333328, a semisynthetic glycopeptide derivative with a key n-alkylation substitution, against 833 strains (393 gram-positive strains and representative gram-negative bacilli) with various defined resistance mechanisms. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (in micrograms per milliliter) of ly333328 and the percentages of strains at < or = 8 micrograms/ml were as follows: for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aure ... | 1997 | 9021216 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel ketolide antimicrobial agent, ru-64004. | ketolides, a novel macrolide subclass, possess a mode of action that is similar to that of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) compounds. by using reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of ru-64004 was compared to those of six other mls compounds against more than 800 clinical pathogens, including 356 gram-positive organisms. the spectrum of activity of the ketolide was most similar to that of clindamycin versus staphylococci and streptococci and superior to t ... | 1997 | 9021207 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of er-35786, a new antipseudomonal carbapenem. | er-35786 is a new parenteral 1 beta-methyl carbapenem with a broad antibacterial spectrum and a potent antipseudomonal activity. it showed high in vitro activity, comparable to those of meropenem and a new carbapenem, bo-2727, against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, with mics at which 90% of strains tested are inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.39 microgram/ml. against methicillin-resistant s. aureus, er-35786 was the most active among the compounds tested, yet its mi ... | 1997 | 9021183 |
| the structures of oligosaccharides isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis serotype b, strain ccug 3292. | the oligosaccharides from the lipopolysaccharides of moraxella catarrhalis serotype b, strain ccug 3292, were isolated after mild acid hydrolysis and separated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. the structures of the oligosaccharides were established by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. it is concluded that the oligosaccharides comprise a mixture of mainly a nona- and a deca-saccharide. [formula: see text] smaller amounts of unde ... | 1996 | 9002189 |
| [a clinical evaluation of azithromycin in the treatment of pediatric infection]. | fine granule preparation of azithromycin (azm), a new macrolide antibiotic, was given to treat various infections in pediatric patients. efficacies of azm in a total of 21 patients (tonsillitis in six, bronchitis in five, pneumonia in five, impetigo contagiosa in three, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in one and bacterial enterogastritis in one) were rated "excellent" in 11 patients and "good" in eight. the remaining two cases were not included in the evaluation. azm eradicated all strains ... | 1996 | 8988413 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of azithromycin using fine granules or capsules in the pediatric patients]. | azithromycin (azm), a new macrolide antibiotic, in fine granules and in capsules was studied for pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluations. 1. antibacterial activities. mic profile of azm was as follows: 0.78 approximately 1.56 micrograms/ml against staphylococcus aureus, < or = 0.025 approximately 0.10 microgram/ml against streptococcus pyogenes, 0.10 approximately 0.39 and 6.25 micrograms/ml against streptococcus pneumoniae, < or = 0.025 approximately 0.39 microgram/ml against moraxella(branham ... | 1996 | 8988410 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against clinical isolates]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cdzm and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates collected from nation-wide medical institutions and in our laboratory from september to december of 1992 and from september to december of 1995. the results are summarized as follows: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cdzm included streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, citrobacter koseri, pr ... | 1996 | 8986558 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. its activity against mycobacteria and chlamydia was also investigated. bay 12-8039 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of strains tested were inhibited [mic90s] < or = 1 microgram/ml, except for serratia spp. mic ... | 1997 | 8980763 |
| dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. | a key rate-limiting step in the adaptive immune response at peripheral challenge sites is the transmission of antigen signals to t cells in regional lymph nodes. recent evidence suggests that specialized dendritic cells (dc) fulfill this surveillance function in the resting state, but their relatively slow turnover in most peripheral tissues brings into question their effectiveness in signaling the arrival of highly pathogenic sources of antigen which require immediate mobilization of the full r ... | 1996 | 8976199 |
| preparation and in vitro antibacterial activity of 9-o-glycosyloxime derivatives of erythromycin a, a new class of macrolide antibiotics. | 9-o-glycosyloxime derivatives of erythromycin a have been synthesized and their in vitro antibacterial activity compared with that of erythromycin a (1). this new class of macrolide antibiotics showed reduced antibacterial spectrum. however, some derivatives were as or more active than erythromycin a (1) against strains, responsible for respiratory track infections, such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis or streptococcus pneumoniae. | 1996 | 8968398 |
| in vitro activity of sanfetrinem (gv104326), a new trinem antimicrobial agent, versus streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | sanfetrinem, formerly gv104326, is a new trinem antimicrobial agent with extensive in vitro activity for a variety of different bacteria. the activity of sanfetrinem was determined using a broth microdilution mic method versus a large number of clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis obtained in a recent 30-center united states surveillance study. the sanfetrinem mic50 and mic90 values for these three organism groups were 0.015 and 0.5 mic ... | 1996 | 8950528 |
| monoclonal antibodies against haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharides: clone mahi 4 binding to a pentasaccharide containing terminal beta-gal residues and clone mahi 10 recognizing terminal phosphorylated saccharide residues. | mouse monoclonal antibodies mahi 4 and mahi 10 reactive with haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide (lps), were generated by fusing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells of mice immunized with h. influenzae strain rm.7004-xp-1. the antibody mahi 4 reacted in whole-cell enzyme immunoassay (eia) and colony-dot-immunoblotting with 20 of 123 h. influenzae strains and to a few other human haemophilus spp. and neisseria spp., but not to any bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, aeromonas spp. or ... | 1996 | 8938639 |
| a multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract pathogens in the united states, 1992-1994. the alexander project. | a multicenter, collaborative study was performed over a three-year period (1992-1994) to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. isolates were collected from five geographically separated medical centers in the united states and sent to a central laboratory for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. of 350, 536, and 372 isolates of h. influenz ... | 1996 | 8937842 |
| results of the alexander project: a continuing, multicenter study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. | in 1992, an ongoing, international multicenter study was established to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens: the alexander project. isolates cultured from patients living in geographically separated areas, ten in the european union (eu) and five in the united states (us), were collected and tested using standard methods in a central laboratory. a total of 4,155 isolates of haemophilus influenzae was collected during the p ... | 1996 | 8937841 |
| tetrameric repeat units associated with virulence factor phase variation in haemophilus also occur in neisseria spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. | the tetrameric repeat units 5'-caat-3' and 5'-gcaa-3' are associated with phase variable expression of lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic genes in haemophilus influenzae. four other tetrameric repeat units have also been reported from h. influenzae strain rd, 5'-caac-3', 5'-gaca-3', 5'-agct-3', and 5'-ttta-3', which are also associated with putative virulence factors. using oligonucleotide probes corresponding to five tandem copies of each of these tetramers, we have screened three strains of neiss ... | 1996 | 8935664 |
| [antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against clinical isolates]. | to examine the antimicrobial activity of clarithromycin (cam) against strains clinically isolated from outpatients in 1994, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for cam and the control drugs. the results were as follows; 1. mic50 and mic90 of cam were similar to those investigated in 1980's against many bacterial species. 2. cam showed strong antimicrobial activities against beta-lactamase producing moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, bordetella pertussis, campylobact ... | 1996 | 8935125 |
| the beta-lactamases of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated from danish children. | two distinct beta-lactamases have been isolated from moraxella catarrhalis: the stronger acting bro-1 enzyme and the weaker acting bro-2. several reports have noted an effect of penicillin and ampicillin on infections caused by m. catarrhalis in spite of the presence of beta-lactamase production. the purpose of this work was to charaterize the beta-lactamases of m. catarrhalis isolated from danish children regarding type and susceptibility, and to relate these findings to the eradication of beta ... | 1996 | 8920809 |
| upper respiratory tract infections - otitis media, sinusitis and pharyngitis. | management of the patient with otitis media, sinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis is based on information about the host, the organism and the antimicrobial agent. otitis media (om) is a common infection in children but selected children have recurrent and chronic om. the predominant organisms responsible for om are streptococcus pneumonia, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility govern the choice of antimicrobial agents. surgical treatment shoul ... | 1995 | 8919162 |
| microbiology of the transition from acute to chronic maxillary sinusitis. | repeated aspirations of sinus secretions by endoscopy was performed in five patients over a period of 34-50 days and, ultimately, surgical drainage was done in three who presented with acute maxillary sinusitis that did not respond to antimicrobial therapy and became chronic. the aspirates were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. most of the bacteria isolated from the first culture were aerobic or facultative bacteria: streptococcus pneumoniae (three isolates), haemophilus influenzae no ... | 1996 | 8918954 |
| serum antibody response to outer membrane proteins of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis in patients with bronchopulmonary infection. | a western blot (immunoblot) method for detecting antibodies against outer membrane protein (omp) epitopes of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis was evaluated. paired serum samples from patients suspected of m. catarrhalis (n = 38) and non-m. catarrhalis (n = 25) bronchopulmonary infection were examined for the presence of antibodies of the immunoglobulin m (igm), igg, and iga classes to omps from m. catarrhalis by a gel electrophoresis-immunoperoxidase technique (western blotting); sera from 40 ... | 1996 | 8914764 |
| mechanism for synergism between sulphonamides and trimethoprim clarified. | pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, pseudomonas cepacia and moraxella catarrhalis were selected for their markedly different resistance patterns to sulphonamides and trimethoprim. in addition, strains of e. coli and p. cepacia were selected having different resistance profiles to the inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase. all inhibitors of dihydropteroate synthetase combined in any combination with inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase resulted in mutual enha ... | 1996 | 8910868 |
| recent trends in clinical isolates from paranasal sinusitis. | trends in the detection of causative pathogens and changes in bacterial counts in patients with sinusitis treated between january 1989 and december 1993 were investigated. in adult patients with chronic sinusitis, staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus), coagulase negative staphylococci (cns), streptococcus pneumoniae (s. pneumoniae), corynebacterium sp., haemophilus influenzae (h. influenzae), and moraxella catarrhalis were often isolated while pseudomonas aeruginosa (p. aeruginosa) and anaerobic bac ... | 1996 | 8908270 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against branhamella catarrhalis clinical isolates. | 1995 | 8904112 | |
| in vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates. | the comparative in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), a new fluoroquinolone, was evaluated against 511 clinical isolates. mics of trovafloxacin were fourfold higher than those of ciprofloxacin for 184 enterobacteriaceae and 110 non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli. however, trovafloxacin was 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against 162 gram-positive staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, and enterococci, and two- to fourfold more active against haemophilus influenzae and mor ... | 1996 | 8894581 |
| neonatal meningitis due to moraxella catarrhalis and review of the literature. | moraxella catarrhalis has been reported with increasing frequency to be the aetiological agent of serious systemic infection in both children and adults. the first case of neonatal meningitis due to this organism is described herein. the fatal outcome and causes of failure of response to antimicrobial therapy are also discussed. a brief review of the literature describing the disease entities with which m. catarrhalis has been associated is presented. | 1996 | 8893948 |
| antibiogram of bacterial isolates from cases of otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections. | a total of one hundred and two cases of otitis media were screened for the isolation of bacterial flora of ears. out of this, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae accounting for 41.2%, 25.5% and 13.3% respectively were isolated. a further two hundred and four sputum samples from cases of lower respiratory tract infections were screened. moraxella catarrhalis, s. aureus, s. pneumoniae and h. influenzae constituting 20.9%, 37%, 30% and 21% were isolated in tha ... | 1995 | 8886150 |
| azithromycin. a review of its pharmacological properties and use as 3-day therapy in respiratory tract infections. | the azalide antibacterial agent azithromycin is a semisynthetic acid-stable erythromycin derivative with an expanded spectrum of activity and improved tissue pharmacokinetic characteristics relative to erythromycin. the drug is noted for its activity against some gram-negative organisms associated with respiratory tract infections, particularly haemophilus influenzae. azithromycin has similar activity to other macrolides against streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis, and is active a ... | 1996 | 8882383 |
| moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia as a cause of erythema nodosum. | 1996 | 8879804 | |
| a multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin vs. amoxicillin/ clavulanate for the management of acute otitis media in children. | this randomized, open label study compared the efficacy and safety of a 5-day course of once daily azithromycin to those of a 10-day course of three times daily amoxicillin/ clavulanate. | 1996 | 8878241 |
| a multicenter, open label trial of azithromycin for the treatment of children with acute otitis media. | in this multicenter, open label trial the investigators evaluated the efficacy and safety of azithromycin suspension administered once daily for 5 days for the treatment of clinically and bacteriologically established acute otitis media. | 1996 | 8878240 |
| the incidence of respiratory tract pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis isolated between 1990 and 1993. | using a quantitative culture of sputum, the incidence of pathogenic bacteria in respiratory infection in our laboratory between 1990 and 1993 were investigated. while haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis were isolated at high rates (67-78%) from the specimens of outpatients throughout the study period, the incidence of s pneumoniae has increased gradually. the antimicrobial susceptibilities of these three pathogens were examined with the agar d ... | 1996 | 8875767 |
| evaluation of nasopharyngeal cultures for bacteriologic assessment of acute otitis media in children. | the recent emergence of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly in acute otitis media (aom), has increased interest in the development of noninvasive procedures that might help to predict the bacterial etiology of this condition. we conducted an open multicenter study to evaluate the predictive value of the nasopharyngeal (np) sampling in children with aom by comparing the bacteriologic results of np cultures with those of pus collected by myringotomy in the same patients. | 1996 | 8866802 |
| microbiology and management of sinusitis. | the pathophysiology, microbiology, and treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis are reviewed. | 1996 | 8863213 |