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distribution of vibrio alginolyticus-like species in shenzhen coastal waters, china.we investigated the distribution of vibrios in shenzhen coastal waters in order to obtain valuable information for the aquaculture industry and a health warning system. quantities of vibrios from surface waters ranged from 0 to 4.40×10(4) cfus ml(-1) in april (spring), while from 0 to 2.57×10(3) cfus ml(-1) in september (autumn); the abundance of v. alginolyticus-like species from surface water ranged from 0 to 6.72×10(3) cfus ml(-1) in april (spring) and from 0 to 1.28×10(3) cfus ml(-1) in sept ...201124031704
use of pseudomonas stutzeri and candida utilis in the improvement of the conditions of artemia culture and protection against pathogens.to evaluate the effect of two bacterial strains isolated from artemia cysts and yeast (candida utilis) on the survival, growth and total biomass production of its larvae, challenge tests were performed with candida utilis, pseudomonas stutzeri and pasteurella haemolityca. in addition, a pathogenic strain of vibrio alginolyticus was tested for comparative purposes. pseudomonas stutzeri and candida utilis have no impact on survival, but enhance growth and total biomass production of the larvae. ho ...201024031470
adherence assays and slime production of vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus.in this study we investigated the phenotypic slime production of vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, food-borne pathogens, using a congo red agar plate assay. furthermore, we studied their ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces and vero cells line. our results showed that only v. alginolyticus atcc 17749 was a slime-producer developing almost black colonies on congo red agar plate. adherence to glace tube showed that all v. alginolyticus strains were more adherent than v. pa ...200924031378
occurrence, characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of vibrio alginolyticus in the eastern adriatic sea.in 2007-2008, 162 samples (72 marine water samples, 90 swabs from the gills and skin) were collected from three european seabass fish farms in eastern adriatic. the aim of study was to determine the occurrence of vibrio, to identify the isolated strains and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance. the comparison of the results obtained in spring and autumn periods indicated a higher vibrio concentration in spring samplings. the greatest prevalence of vibrio alginolyticus was on gills than ...201324012112
development and characterization of a novel bioactive polymer with antibacterial and lysozyme-like activity.the development and characterization of a novel bioactive polymer based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme (gox) in a polyvinyl alcohol (pva) film showing antibacterial activity is presented. the pva-gox composite material was extensively characterized by uv-vis, x-ray photoelectron (xps) spectroscopy and by fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy to verify the preservation of enzyme structural integrity and activity. the antimicrobial activity of this composite material agai ...201423996728
vsco, a putative t3ss chaperone escort of vibrio alginolyticus, contributes to virulence in fish and is a target for vaccine development.type iii secretion system (t3ss) in vibrio alginolyticus is essential for its pathogenesis. vsco's homologous proteins flij, invi and ysco have been suggested to be putative chaperone escorts although its function in v. alginolyticus is unclear. to investigate the physiological role of vsco, a mutant strain of v. alginolyticus with an in-frame deletion of the vsco gene was constructed in the present study. one finding was that the mrna expression levels of sycd, vopb and vopd proteins decreased ...201323994282
draft genome sequence of the human-pathogenic bacterium vibrio alginolyticus e0666.vibrio alginolyticus is a gram-negative halophilic bacterium with worldwide distribution. in this work, we report the draft genome sequence of a v. alginolyticus strain (e0666) isolated from epinephelus coioides ascites in the shantou city of guangdong province, china.201323990586
mechanistic and statistical models of total vibrio abundance in the neuse river estuary.bacteria in the genus vibrio are ubiquitous to estuarine waters worldwide and are often the dominant genus recovered from these environments. this genus contains several potentially pathogenic species, including vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio alginolyticus. these bacteria have short generation times, as low as 20-30 min, and can thus respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions. a five-parameter mechanistic model was generated based on environment ...201323948561
pretreatment of macroalgae for volatile fatty acid production.in this study, a novel method was proposed for the biological pretreatment of macroalgae (laminaria japonica, pachymeniopsis elliptica, and enteromorpha crinita) for production of volatile fatty acid (vfa) by anaerobic fermentation. the amount of vfa produced from 40 g/l of l. japonica increased from 8.3 g/l (control) to 15.6 g/l when it was biologically pretreated with vibrio harveyi. the biological treatment of l. japonica with vibrio spp. was most effective likely due to the alginate lyase ac ...201323942360
cloning and expression analysis of nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor 1 (ls-nccrp1) from red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).it is well known that nonspecific cytotoxic cells (nccs) are kinds of natural killer cell mediated innate immune responses in teleosts. the nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 (nccrp-1) is an important cell surface protein on ncc, which serves crucial functions in target cell recognition and cytotoxicity activation. in the present study, a nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein nccrp-1 (ls-nccrp1) was cloned from red snapper, lutjanus sanguineus. the ls-nccrp1 cdna is composed of ...201323911966
vaccination enhances early immune responses in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei after secondary exposure to vibrio alginolyticus.recent work suggested that the presence of specific memory or some form of adaptive immunity occurs in insects and shrimp. hypervariable pattern recognition molecules, known as down syndrome cell adhesion molecules, are able to mount specific recognition, and immune priming in invertebrates. in the present study, we attempted to understand the immune response pattern of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei which received primary (pe) and secondary exposure (se) to vibrio alginolyticus.201323894531
use of mixture design to construct a consortium of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extract and potentially probiotic bacillus strain to confer protection against vibriosis in artemia culture.to find a biological control treatment applicable to shrimp hatcheries, the influence of the dietary administration of a consortium of two date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) fruit extracts and potentially probiotic bacillus strain on artemia culture was studied. challenge tests were performed with virulent vibrio alginolyticus to assess the protective effects of deglet nour and degla fruit extracts alone or in conjunction with potentially probiotic bacillus strain.201323893402
characterization and expression of sphsp60 in hemocytes after challenge to bacterial, osmotic and thermal stress from the mud crab scylla paramamosain.hsp60 play a crucial role in the process of pathogenic and protective immune responses and is implicated in autoimmune disease. in order to understand the environmental response and immune response of this gene, we cloned a hsp60 (sphsp60) gene from the mud crab scylla paramamosain, localized sphsp60 in hemocytes by in situ hybridization, and detected the expression of sphsp60 after stresses in relation to three housekeeping genes (β-actin, 18s rrna and gapdh). the full-length of the sphsp60 cdn ...201323891593
genomic structure, characterization and expression analysis of a manganese superoxide dismutase from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) is a major component of the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative damage. we cloned and analyzed the expression pattern and genomic structure of the mnsod gene of pearl oyster pinctada fucata, hereafter designated as pomnsod. the full-length pomnsod cdna was 1080 bp in length and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 222 bp, a 3'-utr of 318 bp with a polyadenylation signal (aataaa) at 15 nucleotides upstream of the poly (a) tail, and an ope ...201323880235
transcriptome analysis and discovery of genes involved in immune pathways from hepatopancreas of microbial challenged mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis is an important economic crustacean and has been seriously attacked by various diseases, which requires more and more information for immune relevant genes on genome background. recently, high-throughput rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology provides a powerful and efficient method for transcript analysis and immune gene discovery.201323874555
prevalence of mobile genetic elements and transposase genes in vibrio alginolyticus from the southern coastal region of china and their role in horizontal gene transfer.vibrio alginolyticus has high genetic diversity, but little is known about the means by which it has been acquired. in this study, the distributions of mobile genetic elements (mges), including integrating conjugative elements (ices), superintegron-like cassettes (sics), insertion sequences (iss), and two types of transposase genes (valt1 and valt2), in 192 strains of v. alginolyticus were investigated. ice, sic, and is elements, valt1, and valt2 were detected in 8.9%, 13.0%, 4.7%, 9.4%, and 2.6 ...201223844479
dietary effect of rubus coreanus ethanolic extract on immune gene expression in white leg shrimp, penaeus vannamei.the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of a rubus coreanus ethanolic extract on immunostimulatory response in white leg shrimp penaeus vannamei. shrimps with an average initial weight of 0.5 ± 0.04 g were collected and acclimatized for 10 days. four experimental diets including a control diet, a probiotic diet and 0.25 and 0.5% of r. coreanus ethanolic extract (rcee) diets were used to feed the shrimps. after 8 weeks of culture, shrimp fed with probioti ...201323811352
chlorophyll a might structure a community of potentially pathogenic culturable vibrionaceae. insights from a one-year study of water and mussels surveyed on the french atlantic coast.the present study focused on the isolation of culturable bacteria from mussels and sea water to identify vibrionaceae potentially pathogenic for humans. three sites located on the french atlantic coast were monitored monthly (twice each month during summer) for 1 year. environmental parameters were surveyed (water temperature, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll a) and bacteria were detected by culture and identified by api 20e(®) systems (biomérieux) and pcr. a total of seven species were detected ...201023766015
uneven frequency of vibrio alginolyticus-group isolates among different populations of galápagos marine iguana (amblyrhynchus cristatus).the presence of vibrio isolates was investigated in cloacal swabs from the galápagos marine iguana (amblyrhyncus cristatus). such unique iguana is endemic to the galápagos archipelago, it is listed as vulnerable in the iucn red list (2009), and is strictly protected by cites and ecuador laws. our results revealed an uneven isolation frequency of vibrios from animals living in different settings: maximal among the santa fe population, scarce at bahía tortuga but practically absent in the samples ...201023766014
diversity and pathogenic potential of vibrios isolated from abrolhos bank corals.we performed the first taxonomic characterization of vibrios and other culturable microbiota from apparently healthy and diseased brazilian-endemic corals at the abrolhos reef bank. the diseases affecting corals were tissue necrosis in phyllogorgia dillatata, white plague and bleaching in mussismilia braziliensis and bleaching in mussismilia hispida. bacterial isolates were obtained from mucus of 22 coral specimens originated from the abrolhos bank (i.e. itacolomis reef, recife de fora reef and ...201023766002
mutation in the a-subunit of f(1)f(o)-atpase causes an increased motility phenotype through the sodium-driven flagella of vibrio.bacterial flagellar motors exploit the electrochemical potential gradient of a coupling ion as energy source and are composed of stator and rotor proteins. vibrio alginolyticus has a na(+)-driven motor and its stator is composed of poma and pomb. recently, we isolated increased motility strains (sp1-sp4) from the poma-n194d/pomb-d24n mutant whose motility was quite weak. to detect the responsible mutation, we have used a next-generation sequencer and determined the entire genome sequences of the ...201323750030
characterization and functional analysis of serine proteinase and serine proteinase homologue from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.serine proteases (sps), with their homologues (sphs), a family of multifunctional proteins, play a crucial role in innate immune system. in our present study, we made an appropriate correction: serine protease homologue ptcsph (li et al., [1]) obtained from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus was actually a serine protease and re-designated as ptcsp. sequence analysis revealed ptcsp and ptsp (li et al., [2]) might be encoded by the same genomic locus and generated by alternative splicing ...201323664866
electrochemical disinfection of fish pathogens in seawater without the production of a lethal concentration of chlorine using a flow reactor.an electrochemical disinfection system employing a honeycombed platinum coated titanium electrode was developed for the disinfection of seawater. cell suspensions (2 l, 10³ cells/ml) of the fish pathogens, vibrio alginolyticus, edwardsiella tarda, lactococcus garvieae and vibrio anguillarum were circulated in a reactor equipped with 10 sets of these electrodes at a flow rate of 200 ml/min with an applied potential of 1.0 v vs. ag/agcl reference electrode. the circulated cells were completely dis ...201323648105
effects of the water extract of gynura bicolor (roxb. & willd.) dc on physiological and immune responses to vibrio alginolyticus infection in white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei).gynura bicolor (roxb. & willd.) dc is widely distributed in certain areas of asia and is very popular in vegetarian cuisine in taiwan. to investigate the regulatory roles of g. bicolor in various functions in crustaceans, we examined innate non-specific immune responses (including total hemocyte count (thc), phenoloxidase activity (po), respiratory bursts (rbs), and superoxide dismutase (sod) activity), physiological responses (including haemolymph glucose, lactate, and lipids), and gene express ...201323603309
innate immune responses and efficacy of using mushroom beta-glucan mixture (mbg) on orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides, aquaculture.this study attempts to describe the effects of innate immunity responses and field application of mushroom beta-glucan mixture (mbg) in cultured orange-sported grouper, epinephelus coioides. chemical analysis for mbg showed that the mixture contains 34.06% of macro-molecular polymers with bio-active linkage such as 3-; 3,4- and 4,6-glucopyranosyl and 6-linked galactopyranosyl residues. study performed on the innate immunity showed that oral ingestion of mbg at 1.0 g and 2.0 g per kilogram of fee ...201323603237
polymorphisms of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus and their association with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus.anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (alf) is an important antimicrobial peptide (amp) that can bind and neutralize major component of gram-negative bacteria cell wall, lipopolysaccharide (lps). seven isoforms of anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ptalf1-7) were previously identified from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus in our laboratory. here, polymorphisms of ptalf1-7 were detected and their association with resistance/susceptibility to vibrio alginolyticus (a main gram-negative bacteria ca ...201323567857
temporal and spatial distribution patterns of potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. at recreational beaches of the german north sea.the number of reported vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in northern europe has increased within the last decades. in order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. in the central wadden sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. v. alginolyticus and v. parahaemolyticus w ...201323563708
distribution and pathogenic relationship of virulence associated genes among vibrio alginolyticus from the mariculture systems.vibrio alginolyticus has been confirmed as an important pathogen for aquatic animals. however, the pathogenic mechanism of v. alginolyticus is not completely understood. a total of 31 isolates of v. alginolyticus from sea water, fish and shrimp on the mariculture systems were fingerprinted by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. the pathogenicity of these isolates was tested by challenge and the 21 genes associated with the virulence of vibrio cholerae or vibrio parahaemolyticus were examined in v. ...201323562411
insight into the assembly mechanism in the supramolecular rings of the sodium-driven vibrio flagellar motor from the structure of flgt.flagellar motility is a key factor for bacterial survival and growth in fluctuating environments. the polar flagellum of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, is driven by sodium ion influx and rotates approximately six times faster than the proton-driven motor of escherichia coli. the basal body of the sodium motor has two unique ring structures, the t ring and the h ring. these structures are essential for proper assembly of the stator unit into the basal body and to stabilize the motor. f ...201323530206
molecular characterization and function of a p38 mapk gene from litopenaeus vannamei.p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are broadly expressed from yeasts to mammals, and are involved in the regulation of cells responsible to various extracellular stimuli. in this study, a p38 mapk gene (designated as lvp38) from litopenaeus vannamei, was cloned and characterized. it contained the conserved structures of a thr-gly-tyr (tgy) motif and a substrate-binding site, ala-thr-arg-trp (atrw). the tissue distribution patterns showed that lvp38 was widely expressed in all examined ...201323500954
litopenaeus vannamei toll-interacting protein (lvtollip) is a potential negative regulator of the shrimp toll pathway involved in the regulation of the shrimp antimicrobial peptide gene penaeidin-4 (pen4).the toll-like receptor (tlr)-nuclear factor (nf)-κb signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved from insects to mammals as a regulator of the expression of immune-related genes. in mammals, tlr-nf-κb signaling is tightly controlled because excessive activation of this pathway can result in severe damage to the host. the mammalian toll-interacting protein (tollip) has an important function in the negative regulation of this pathway, but no reports about invertebrate tollip have been published t ...201323500511
diversity of vibrio spp. isolated at ambient environmental temperature in the eastern english channel as determined by pyrh sequencing.to describe the diversity of the culturable mesophilic and potentially pathogenic vibrios isolated at 22 and 37°c on tcbs medium, in september 2009 from seawater and surface sediments.201323473469
fluorescence imaging of gfp-fused periplasmic components of na+-driven flagellar motor using tat pathway in vibrio alginolyticus.the twin-arginine translocation (tat) system works to export folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane via specific signal peptides harbouring a twin-arginine motif. in escherichia coli, a functional gfp is exported to the periplasm through the tat pathway by fusion of the signal peptide of tora, which is one of the periplasmic proteins exported by the tat pathway. in this study, we fused the signal peptide of vibrio alginolyticus tora (torasp) to gfp and demonstrate the export of function ...201323457404
na+ conductivity of the na+-driven flagellar motor complex composed of unplugged wild-type or mutant pomb with poma.poma and pomb form the stator complex, which functions as a na(+) channel, in the na(+)-driven flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus. the plug region of pomb is thought to regulate the na(+) flow and to suppress massive ion influx through the stator channel. in this study, in order to measure the na(+) conductivity of the unplugged stator, we over-produced a plug-deleted stator of the na(+)-driven flagellar motor in escherichia coli. the over-production of the plug-deleted stator in e. coli ce ...201323420849
litopenaeus vannamei sterile-alpha and armadillo motif containing protein (lvsarm) is involved in regulation of penaeidins and antilipopolysaccharide factors.the toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated nf-κb pathway is tightly controlled because overactivation may result in severe damage to the host, such as in the case of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. in mammals, sterile-alpha and armadillo motif-containing protein (sarm) plays an important role in negatively regulating this pathway. while caenorhabditis elegans sarm is crucial for an efficient immune response against bacterial and fungal infections, it is still unknown whether drosophila sarm ...201323405063
dynamics of vibrio with virulence genes detected in pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california: implications for marine mammal health.given their coastal site fidelity and opportunistic foraging behavior, harbor seals (phoca vitulina) may serve as sentinels for coastal ecosystem health. seals using urbanized coastal habitat can acquire enteric bacteria, including vibrio that may affect their health. to understand vibrio dynamics in seals, demographic and environmental factors were tested for predicting potentially virulent vibrio in free-ranging and stranded pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardii) off california. vibri ...201323392641
cloning, expression of vibrio alginolyticus outer membrane protein-ompu gene and its potential application as vaccine in crimson snapper, lutjanus erythropterus bloch.the outer membrane proteins of the marine aquatic animal pathogen, vibrio alginolyticus, play an important role in the virulence of the bacterium and are potential candidates for vaccine development. in this study, the gene encoding an outer membrane protein-ompu was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified recombinant ompu, and the reaction of the antibody was confirmed by western blotting using the isolated ompu and the recombi ...201323383977
selection of aptamers against inactive vibrio alginolyticus and application in a qualitative detection assay.aptamers against inactive vibrio alginolyticus were selected from an 82-nt ssdna random library by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. after 15 rounds of selection, the final pool of aptamers was highly specific for inactivated v. alginolyticus and had a dissociation constant of 27.5 ± 9.2 nm. using these aptamers and pcr, v. alginolyticus could be detected at 100 cells/ml. sequencing of the final pool of aptamers revealed that some sequences, termed high-frequency aptamer ...201323381690
expression of hsp70 in the mud crab, scylla paramamosain in response to bacterial, osmotic, and thermal stress.hsp70 is involved in immune responses against infectious pathogens, thermal, and osmotic stress. to understand the immune defense mechanisms of the mud crab scylla paramamosain, genomic dna, transcript level and antimicrobial activities of hsp70 were analyzed. genomic dna sequence analysis revealed one intron in this gene. furthermore, six snps were detected by direct sequencing from 30 samples in this study. hsp70 mrna was expressed in almost all tissues examined. by using the quantitative real ...201323325574
ulcerated yellow spot syndrome: implications of aquaculture-related pathogens associated with soft coral sarcophyton ehrenbergi tissue lesions.we introduce a new marine syndrome called ulcerated yellow spot, affecting the soft coral sarcophyton ehrenbergi. to identify bacteria associated with tissue lesions, tissue and mucus samples were taken during a 2009 indo-pacific research expedition near the wakatobi island chain, indonesia. polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16s rdna gene indicated associations with the known fish-disease-causing bacterium photobacterium damselae, as well as multiple vibrio species. results indicate a shif ...201223269388
molecular cloning, genomic structure and antimicrobial activity of ptalf7, a unique isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs), as the potent antimicrobial peptides, are becoming predominant candidates for potential therapeutic agents of bacterial and viral diseases. in this study, a unique isoform of alf (ptalf7) was identified from hemocytes cdna library of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the ptalf7 cdna contained an open reading frame (orf) of 372 bp encoding 123 amino acids. the deduced peptide of ptalf7 shared high similarity with our previously reported ptalf1-3 b ...201323261507
expression and immunogenicity analysis of accessory colonization factor a from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901.the accessory colonization factor a (acfa) of vibrio alginolyticus plays an important role in the efficient colonization of the bacterium and is potential candidates for vaccine development. in present study, the acfa gene was cloned, expressed and purified. western blot analysis revealed protein recognition with the native acfa in different v. alginolyticus strains. to analyze the immunogenicity of the recombinant acfa, lutjanus erythropterus bloch were immunized by intraperitoneal injection, a ...201323261505
a newly identified anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus with broad spectrum antimicrobial activity.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs), exhibiting binding and neutralizing activities to lipopolysaccharide (lps), are the potent antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity in crustaceans. in this study, a unique isoform of alf (ptalf6) was identified from eyestalk cdna library of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length cdna of ptalf6 was 669 bp encoding 115 amino acids, relatively short to other known alfs. the deduced peptide of ptalf6 was conserved; it contained the signal ...201323257203
ethanolamine utilization in vibrio alginolyticus.ethanolamine is used as an energy source by phylogenetically diverse bacteria including pathogens, by the concerted action of proteins from the eut-operon. previous studies have revealed the presence of eutbc genes encoding ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, a key enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, in about 100 bacterial genomes including members of gamma-proteobacteria. however, ethanolamine utilization has not been reported for any member of the vibrio genus. our comparati ...201223234435
a novel dnaj family gene, sfla, encodes an inhibitor of flagellation in marine vibrio species.the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus has a single polar flagellum. formation of that flagellum is regulated positively and negatively by flhf and by flhg, respectively. the δflhf mutant makes no flagellum, whereas the δflhfg double-deletion mutant usually lacks a flagellum. however, the δflhfg mutant occasionally reverts to become motile by forming peritrichous flagella. we have isolated a suppressor pseudorevertant from the δflhfg strain (δflhfg-sup). the suppressor strain forms peritricho ...201323222726
fucoidan effectively provokes the innate immunity of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against experimental vibrio alginolyticus infection.in this study, we examined the effect of fucoidan on the immune response of white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against vibrio alginolyticus infection. fucoidan induced degranulation, caused changes in the cell morphology, and increased activation of prophenoloxidase (propo) and the production of superoxide anions in vitro. shrimp that received fucoidan via immersion at 100, 200, and 400 mg l(-1) after 3 h showed haemocyte proliferation and a higher mitotic index of haematopoiet ...201323201320
[atypical agents of wound infection and targeted samples].all open wounds are primarily contaminated and subsequently colonized by microorganisms, predominantly bacteria. only about 30% of chronic wounds are also infected. factors which favor the development of infection are the following: large quantity of bacteria, presence of virulence factors, their quantity and number, predominantly the synergy of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and formation of biofilm. common agents of infection of acute and chronic wounds are staphylococcus aureus, mrsa, strept ...201223193825
expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1) in response to bacterial challenge and tissue injury in the pearl oyster, pinctada martensii.allograft inflammatory factor-1 (aif-1), an interferon (ifn)-γ-inducible calcium-binding cytokine, is associated with the inflammatory response and defense. we cloned and analyzed the expression pattern of the aif-1 gene of the pearl oyster pinctada martensii, hereafter designated pmaif-1. the full-length pmaif-1 cdna is 946 bp in length and consists of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 120 bp, a 3'-utr of 376 bp, and an open reading frame (orf) of 450 bp encoding a polypeptide of 149 amino acid ...201323178259
antibiofilm activity of dendrophthoe falcata against different bacterial pathogens.dendrophthoe falcata is a hemiparasitic plant commonly used for ailments such as ulcers, asthma, impotence, paralysis, skin diseases, menstrual troubles, pulmonary tuberculosis, and wounds. in this context, the validations of the traditional claim that the leaf extract of d. falcata possesses antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activity against different bacterial pathogens were assessed. the bacterial biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining. among the 17 bacterial pathogens screened ...201223115018
cloning and characterization of the splrr cdna from green mud crab, scylla paramamosain.infectious diseases have seriously inhibited the aquaculture of mud crab scylla paramamosain in southeastern china. identification of the immune molecules and characterization of the defense mechanisms will be pivotal to the reduction of these diseases. available data show that leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins play a crucial role in protein-protein interactions, recognition processes or immune reactions in both invertebrates and vertebrates. in the present study, we cloned and characterized a ...201323108257
effect of lipopolysaccharides from vibrio alginolyticus on the mx gene expression and virus recovery from gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l.) experimentally infected with nodavirus.infections with nodavirus affect a wild and farmed fish species throughout the world, mostly from the marine environment. the aim of this work was to determine the immune status of gilthead sea bream that comes as a result of a nodavirus infection, induced by activation of the interferon response pathway by lipopolysaccharides from vibrio alginolyticus and the expression of interferoninduced mx protein in liver samples. the enhancement of mx protein gene expression was detected in liver samples ...201323092730
effects of enteromyxum leei (myxozoa) infection on gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) (teleostei) intestinal mucus: glycoprotein profile and bacterial adhesion.the intestinal myxosporean parasite enteromyxum leei causes severe desquamative enteritis in gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) (teleostei) that impairs nutrient absorption causing anorexia and cachexia. in fish, as in terrestrial vertebrates, intestinal goblet cells are responsible for the adherent mucus secretion overlying epithelial cells, which constitutes a first line of innate immune defense against offending microorganisms but serves also as substrate and nutrient source for the commensal ...201323086443
pclt, a novel c-type lectin from procambarus clarkii, is involved in the innate defense against vibrio alginolyticus and wssv.lectins play important roles in the innate immunity. in this work, a c-type lectin, pclt, was obtained from procambarus clarkii which contained a carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) with the ability to bind to vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (wssv). rt-pcr and qrt-pcr analyses demonstrated pclt was specifically expressed in the hepatopancreas and the mrna was markedly upregulated by v. alginolyticus and wssv challenge, although a slight difference in timing was observed. the ...201323085401
immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen which causes systemic infection in turbot. the increasing frequency of edwardsiellosis in turbot farming has stressed the need to understand the immune responses of fish, for the further development of prevention and control strategies. as a broad spectrum protective antigen, a recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of e. tarda eib202 has been proven to present remarkable protection against e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibri ...201223084627
cdna cloning, characterization and expression analysis of catalase in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus: cdna cloning and expression analysis of catalase gene of portunus trituberculatus.catalase is an important antioxidant protein that protects organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. in the present study, a full-length cdna sequence of catalase was cloned from the haemocytes of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus by a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna end method. the catalase cdna sequence contained 1,851 bp with an open reading frame of 1,551 bp encoding 516 amino acid residues. th ...201223073768
intragenic suppressor of a plug deletion nonmotility mutation in potb, a chimeric stator protein of sodium-driven flagella.the torque of bacterial flagellar motors is generated by interactions between the rotor and the stator and is coupled to the influx of h(+) or na(+) through the stator. a chimeric protein, potb, in which the n-terminal region of vibrio alginolyticus pomb was fused to the c-terminal region of escherichia coli motb, can function with poma as a na(+)-driven stator in e. coli. here, we constructed a deletion variant of potb (with a deletion of residues 41 to 91 [δ41-91], called potbδl), which lacks ...201223024347
connecting type vi secretion, quorum sensing, and c-di-gmp production in fish pathogen vibrio alginolyticus through phosphatase pppa.vibrio alginolyticus, a gram-negative marine bacterium, has brought about severe economic damage to the mariculture industry by causing vibriosis in various fish species. we are intrigued in the regulation of the pathogenesis in this bacterium. here, we reported a complex regulatory connection among the newly defined type vi secretion system (t6ss), quorum sensing (qs), and 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp) signal through the phosphatase pppa encoded in the t6ss gene cluster of v. alginoly ...201323021863
immunological evaluation of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio vulnificus and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv) combined-vaccine efficacy in epinephelus coioides.combined vaccines are immunological products intended for immunization against multifactorial infectious diseases caused by different types or variants of pathogens. in this study, the effectiveness of vibrio alginolyticus (va), vibrio harveyi (vh), vibrio vulnificus (vv) and infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (isknv), an iridovirus, combined-vaccine (vibrio and isknv combined vaccines, vicv), va+vh+vv inactive vaccine (viv) and isknv whole cell inactive vaccine (iwciv) in epinephelus c ...201223010220
differential expression analysis of nuclear oligomerization domain proteins nod1 and nod2 in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides).nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins-1 and -2 (nod1 and nod2) are members of the nod-like receptors (nlrs) family. they are both cytoplasmic receptors, and sense microbial infections/danger molecules to induce host innate immune response. in this study, the full-length orf sequences of nod1 and nod2 were cloned, and the putative amino acid sequences were identified in orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides). the complete open reading frame (orf) of grouper nod1 con ...201222982325
integrating conjugative elements of the sxt/r391 family from fish-isolated vibrios encode restriction-modification systems that confer resistance to bacteriophages.integrating conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family have been described in vibrios, mainly vibrio cholerae, and other bacteria as carriers of variable gene content conferring adaptive advantages upon their hosts, including antimicrobial resistance and motility regulation. however, our knowledge on their host range and ecological significance is still limited. here, we report the identification and characterization of icevsppor3 and icevalspa1, two novel ices of the sxt/r391 family fro ...201322974320
crustins from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus: molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression analysis.crustins are cationic, cysteine-rich antimicrobial proteins, containing a single whey acidic protein (wap) domain in the c-terminal end. different from the reported ptcrustin in the hemocytes, two novel crustin genes (ptcrustin2 and ptcrustin3) were cloned completely from the eyestalk cdna library of portunus trituberculatus in this study. all ptcrustins share the consensus cysteine motif and are considered as type i crustins. four exons and three introns are identified in genomic dna sequence o ...201222971359
critical involvement of the e373-d434 region in the acid sensitivity of a nhab-type na(+)/h(+) antiporter from vibrio alginolyticus.it has been well established that vanhab, a nhab-type na(+)/h(+) antiporter found in vibrio alginolyticus, exhibits a striking acid sensitivity. however, the molecular basis of the ph-dependent regulatory mechanism of the antiport activity is yet to be investigated. in this study, we generated various chimeric proteins composed of vanhab and a ph insensitive ortholog found in escherichia coli (ecnhab) and analyzed the ph responses of their na(+)/h(+) antiport activities to search for the key res ...201222953996
comparative study on the antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles of vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from four tunisian marine biotopes.the antibiotic resistance patterns and the plasmids profiles of the predominant etiological agent responsible for vibriosis in tunisia, v. alginolyticus were studied to contribute to control their spread in some mediterranean aquaculture farms and seawater. the sixty-nine v. alginolyticus strains isolated from different marine tunisian biotopes (bathing waters, aquaculture and conchylicole farms and a river connected to the seawater during the cold seasons) were multi-drug resistant with high re ...201222918722
withdrawn: effects of saponin supplementation diet on hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses in epinephelus bruneus against vibrio alginolyticus.this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.201222906763
phylogenetic study of sponge associated bacteria from the lakshadweep archipelago and the antimicrobial activities of their secondary metabolites.marine ecosystem of the lakshadweep archipelago is unique and known to have a very high degree of biodiversity with a number of endemic flora and fauna. the present study focuses to isolate the endosymbiotic microorganism from sponges and its effectiveness against marine ornamental fish pathogens. the sponges were collected from agatti island of lakshadweep archipelago and identified as clathria procera, sigmadocia fibulata and dysidea granulosa. in which, 15 different types of bacteria were iso ...201122806873
molecular cloning and characterization of class i nf-κb transcription factor from pearl oyster (pinctada fucata).nf-κb transcription factors play central roles in many important physiological and pathological processes including innate immune responses. here we report the cloning of an nf-κb transcription factor, pfrelish from pearl oyster pinctada fucata, one of the most important bivalve mollusks for seawater pearl production. pfrelish full-length cdna is 3916 bp with an open reading frame of 3558 bp encoding a putative protein of 1186 amino acids. the deduced pfrelish contains a n-terminal rhd, a nucleu ...201222796487
molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (traf3) from pearl oyster pinctada fucata.traf3 is a highly versatile regulator that negatively regulates jnk and alternative nuclear factor-κb signalling, but positively controls type i interferon production. to investigate traf3 function in innate immune responses among invertebrate especially mollusk, we characterized traf3 (pftraf3) from pearl oyster pinctada fucata, one of the most important bivalve mollusks for seawater pearl production. pftraf3 cdna is 2261 bp with an open reading frame of 1623 bp encoding a putative protein of 5 ...201222796485
surgical removal of an abscess associated with fusarium solani from a kemp's ridley sea turtle (lepidochelys kempii).a cold-stunned kemp's ridley sea turtle, lepidochelys kempii, developed an abscess associated with fusarium solani, vibrio alginolyticus, and a shewenalla species after receiving a bite wound to the front flipper during rehabilitation. the lesion failed to respond to medical therapy and was treated successfully with surgery. histopathology of the excised tissue demonstrated septic heterophilic inflammation with necrosis and granulation tissue, fungal elements, and bacteria, despite appropriate a ...201222779250
induction of phenoloxidase and other immunological activities in the humoral fluids of amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri challenged with lipopolysaccharide (lps).the knowledge concerning the humoral immunity is scarce in amphioxus branchiostoma belcheri. this study measured the humoral parameters including phenoloxidase (po) activity, lysozyme activity, antimicrobial activity, microbial agglutinin, and hemagglutinin in amphioxus humoral fluids before and after lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge. humoral fluids from unchallenged branchiostoma belcheri (b. belcheri) had po activity, lysozyme, antimicrobial, microbial agglutinating, and hemagglutinating act ...201222733094
zinc effect on the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus immunological competence.pollution by heavy metals has become one of the most important problems in marine coastal areas as a consequence of anthropogenic inputs. among metal contaminants, zinc, being considered not very toxic, is sometimes released into the sea in appreciable quantities and its concentration is loosely regulated. in this work we analyzed the effects of a high zinc concentration on the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus immune system. in particular, after 24 h of zinc treatment, we evaluated coelomocytes ...201222717161
phenotypic characterization and rapd fingerprinting of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus isolated during tunisian fish farm outbreaks.the genus vibrio is characterized by a large number of species and some of them are human pathogens causing gastrointestinal and wound infections through the ingestion or manipulation of contaminated fishes and shellfish including vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio alginolyticus. in this study, we reported the phenotypic and molecular characterization of 9 v. parahaemolyticus and 27 v. alginolyticus strains isolated from outbreaks affecting cultured gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata l.) and sea ...201322684973
orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) toll-like receptor 22: molecular characterization, expression pattern and pertinent signaling pathways.the toll-like receptors (tlrs) are an important gene family in host innate immunologic surveillance. the tlr22 gene is an essential member of the tlrs that is only found in aquatic animals and has been detected in some bony fish. here, a tlr22 homolog, ectlr22, was characterized in the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides) via homology cloning. the 3321 bp full-length cdna sequence of ectlr22 was obtained, which included an open reading frame of 2880 bp encoding a putative peptide of 960 ...201222683817
virulence genes and pathogenicity islands in environmental vibrio strains nonpathogenic to humans.most vibrio species in autochthonous marine microbial communities, such as vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio harveyi, vibrio anguillarum among others, are considered nonpathogenic for humans. however, because many bacterial virulence genes are located in mobile genetic elements, the acquisition of mobile dna could mediate the appearance of virulent or more virulent strains even in a species defined as nonpathogenic. in this study, we screened a collection of marine nonpathogenic vibrio strains isolat ...201222676367
real-time pcr optimization to identify environmental vibrio spp. strains.to identify vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio alginolyticus using standardized dna extraction method and real-time pcr assays, among a large number of bacterial strains isolated from marine environment.201222639795
modulation of the innate immune system in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei following long-term low salinity exposure.immune parameters, haemocyte lifespan, and gene expressions of lipopolysaccharide and β-glucan-binding protein (lgbp), peroxinectin (px), integrin β, and α2-macroglobulin (α2-m) were examined in white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (0.48 ± 0.05 g) which had been reared at different salinity levels of 2.5‰, 5‰, 15‰, 25‰, and 35‰ for 24 weeks. all shrimp survived during the first 6 weeks. the survival rate of shrimp reared at 2.5‰ and 5‰ was much lower (30%) than that of shrimp reared at 15 ...201222626810
construction of a fusion flagellin complex and evaluation of the protective immunity of it in red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).the main aims of this study were to construct a bivalent subunit vaccine containing flagellin flaa gene and flagellin flab gene from vibrio alginolyticus strain hy9901 and to explore the potential application of the fusion protein flaa-(g(4) s)(3)-flab as a vaccine candidate for red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).201222591449
molecular cloning and characterization of c-type lysozyme gene in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.lysozymes are key proteins of the host innate immune system against pathogen infection. in this study, a c-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysc) was cloned and characterized from orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysc cdna is composed of 533 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 144-residue protein with 94% identity to lysc of kelp grouper, epinephelus bruneus. the genomic dna of ec-lysc consists of 4 exons and 3 introns, with a total length of 1897 bp. amino acid sequence alignm ...201222579550
investigation of the roles of t6ss genes in motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular protease asp production in vibrio alginolyticus with modified gateway-compatible plasmids.the aims of this study were to create and evaluate the gateway-compatible plasmids for investigating the function of genes in vibrio alginolyticus and other gram-negative bacteria.201222563695
poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid-liposome encapsulated odn on innate immunity in epinephelus bruneus against vibrio alginolyticus.the efficacy of poly d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (plga)-liposome (l) encapsulated oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine motifs (cpg-odns) on innate and adaptive immune response and disease resistance in kelp grouper (epinephelus bruneus) against vibrio alginolyticus at weeks 1, 2, and 4 is reported. the superoxide dismutase (sod), respiratory burst, and lysozyme activities significantly increased in e. bruneus when immunized with odn, plga+odn, l+odn, and plga+l+od ...201222551979
a new type of kazal proteinase inhibitor related to shrimp penaeus (litopenaeus) vannamei immunity.a clone encoding a four-kazal domain-containing protein was isolated from the hemostats of a penaeus vannamei cdna library. the full-length cdna sequence is 975 bp in length and encodes a 24.4 kda protein (228 residues). four kazal domains, each 43-46 residues in length, were detected in the deduced primary structure. the first, third and fourth domains have the cplreelpvc, cpavydpvc and cplyvdpvc motifs, respectively, suggesting that they are able to inhibit chymotrypsin and elastase. the mrna ...201222542646
characterization of a new beta-lactamase gene from isolates of vibrio spp. in korea.pcr was performed to analyze the beta-lactamase genes carried by ampicillin-resistant vibrio spp. strains isolated from marine environments in korea between 2006 and 2009. all 36 strains tested showed negative results in pcr with the primers designed from the nucleotide sequences of various known beta-lactamase genes. this prompted us to screen new beta-lactamase genes. a novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from vibrio alginolyticus kv3 isolated from the aquaculture water of geoje island of kor ...201222534305
molecular cloning, expression pattern and antimicrobial activity of a new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.a new isoform of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ptalf5) was cloned from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length cdna of ptalf5 was 1045 bp encoding 120 amino acids. ptalf5 shared lower amino acid similarity with other alfs, yet it contained the conserved lps-binding domain and was clearly member of the alf family. the genomic fragment of ptalf5 contained two exons separated by one intron. several tandem repeats were found in intron. the mrna transcript o ...201222516300
identification of the immune expressed sequence tags of pearl oyster (pinctada martensii, dunker 1850) responding to vibrio alginolyticus challenge by suppression subtractive hybridization.one hemolymph subtracted cdna library of pearl oyster (pinctada martensii, dunker 1837) was constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) in response to vibrio alginolyticus. a total of 1089 clones were sequenced. all the consensuses were recognized based on the blast searches in ncbi, and revealed that 376 (58%) of them had no significant matches to reported sequences in the database. 267 ests were in significant matches after homologous sequence searches. hypothesized genes ...201222515956
development and efficacy of an attenuated vibrio harveyi vaccine candidate with cross protectivity against vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio harveyi is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that can infect a wide range of marine animals. in previous studies, we have reported a virulent v. harveyi strain, t4d. in the present study, an attenuated mutant of t4d, t4dm, was obtained by selection of rifampicin resistance. compared to the wild type, t4dm was different in whole-cell protein profile and much slower in growth rate when cultured in stress conditions caused by iron depletion. virulence analysis showed that compared to t4d, t ...201222484605
differential immune response in the hard clam (mercenaria mercenaria) against bacteria and the protistan pathogen qpx (quahog parasite unknown).the immune response of the hard clam (quahog) mercenaria mercenaria following challenge with live bacteria (vibrio alginolyticus) and the protist qpx (quahog parasite unknown) was investigated. the study also compared immune responses following qpx challenge in two different hard clam broodstocks exhibiting different degrees of susceptibility toward this parasite. different immune and stress-related cellular and humoral factors were assessed including general hemocyte parameters (total and diffe ...201222484278
downregulation of na(+)-nqr complex is essential for vibrio alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin.increasingly isolated frequency of antibiotic-resistant v. alginolyticus strains in clinic and aquaculture has been reported, but the mechanisms of v. alginolyticus antibiotic resistance are largely absent. in the present study, native/sds-page based proteomics, which may provide information on protein-protein interaction, was utilized to investigate differential proteins of v. alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin. ten proteins were altered, in which v12g01_04671, v12g01_00457, v12g01_159 ...201222465713
first report of two thioredoxin homologues in crustaceans: molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression pattern in swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.previously, we had reported two homologues of the thioredoxin (trx) super-family (pttrx1 and pttrx2) identified from eyestalk and haemocytes cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus, respectively. it was the first report of two thioredoxin homologues from the same crustacean species. here, we focused on the molecular characterization, genomic organization and expression pattern of pttrx1 and pttrx2. the full-length cdna sequences of pttrx1 and pttrx2 were 739 and 1300 bp, encoding ...201222365991
characterization of poma mutants defective in the functional assembly of the na(+)-driven flagellar motor in vibrio alginolyticus.the polar flagellar motor of vibrio alginolyticus rotates using na(+) influx through the stator, which is composed of 2 subunits, poma and pomb. about a dozen stators dynamically assemble around the rotor, depending on the na(+) concentration in the surrounding environment. the motor torque is generated by the interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of poma and the c-terminal region of flig, a component of the rotor. we had shown previously that mutations of flig affected the stator assembly ...201222343296
a new anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform (ptalf4) from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus exhibited structural and functional diversity of alfs.anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alfs) are the potent antimicrobial peptides that can bind and neutralize lipopolysaccharide (lps). in this study, a new isoform of the alf homologs (ptalf4) was cloned from eyestalk cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. ptalf4 shared lower amino acid similarity with other alfs, yet it contained the conserved lps-binding domain and was clearly member of the alf family. the genomic sequence of ptalf4 consisted of three exons interrupted by two int ...201222333564
characterization of a new phage, termed ϕa318, which is specific for vibrio alginolyticus.vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen of animals and humans; its related strains can also produce tetrodotoxin and hemolysins. a new phage, ϕa318, which lysed its host v. alginolyticus with high efficiency, was characterized. the burst size of ϕa318 in v. alginolyticus was 72 pfu/bacterium at an moi of 1 at room temperature; the plaque size was as large as 5 mm in diameter. electron microscopy (em) of the phage particles revealed a 50- to 55-nm isomorphous icosahedral head with a 12- ...201222327389
integrating conjugative elements as vectors of antibiotic, mercury, and quaternary ammonium compound resistance in marine aquaculture environments.the presence of sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative elements (ices) in bacterial strains isolated from fish obtained from marine aquaculture environments in 2001 to 2010 in the northwestern iberian peninsula was studied. ices were detected in 12 strains taxonomically related to vibrio scophthalmi (3 strains), vibrio splendidus (5 strains), vibrio alginolyticus (1 strain), shewanella haliotis (1 strain), and enterovibrio nigricans (2 strains), broadening the known host range able to harbor s ...201222314526
identification and characterization of two novel types of non-clip domain serine proteases (ptsp and ptsph1) from cdna haemocytes library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.in our previous studies, five serine proteases containing clip domain were characterized from the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. to further investigate the characterization and function of serine proteases, one serine protease (ptsp) and one serine protease homolog (ptsph1) without clip domain were identified from haemocytes cdna library in this paper. they both possessed an sp or sp-like domain at the c-terminal. in contrast to ptsp, absence of ser catalytic residue resulted in the los ...201222289714
three clip domain serine proteases (csps) and one clip domain serine protease homologue (csph) identified from haemocytes and eyestalk cdna libraries of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.four genes including three clip domain serine proteases (ptcsp1, ptcsp2 and ptcsp3) and one clip domain serine protease homologue (ptcsph) of the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus (decapoda: brachyura: portunidae) were characterized based on analysis of expressed sequence tags from haemocytes and eyestalk cdna libraries. the relative four peptidases, which share high structural similarity to the clip-sps of other arthropod species, appeared to possess a clip domain at the n-terminus and an ...201222270256
cloning and expression analysis of recombination activating genes (rag1/2) in red snapper (lutjanus sanguineus).recombination activating genes (rag1 and rag2), involved in the v(d)j recombination of immunoglobulin and t-cell receptor genes play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response in vertebrates. the expression of these genes was required for the proper development and maturity of lymphocytes so that they can be used as useful markers to evaluate the development of lymphoid organ. in this paper, the cdna of rag1 and rag2 in red snapper, lutjanus sanguineus were cloned by homological cloning and ...201222266137
identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor (ptserpin) in the swimming crab portunus trituberculatus.serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play a key role in diverse immune biological processes. a serine protease inhibitor (serpin), namely ptserpin, was identified from the haemocyte cdna library of swimming crab portunus trituberculatus. the full-length ptserpin cdna was 1593 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 1227 bp encoding a polypeptide of 408 amino acids with estimated molecular mass of 45.048 kda and theoretical isoelectric point of 7.23. predicted tertiary structure of ptserpin ...201222245590
study on the immune enhancement of different immunoadjuvants used in the pentavalent vaccine for turbots.in this study, we investigated the immune enhancing effects of different adjuvants used in a pentavalent vaccine for turbots. the pentavalent vaccine consisted of inactive bacterial cells from five common pathogenic strains (vibrio anguillarum, vibrio scophtalmi, edwardsiella tarda, vibrio harveyi and vibrio alginolyticus) and the adjuvants were astragalus polysaccharides (aps), propolis, and the freund's complete adjuvant (fca). turbots were immunized with the pentavalent vaccine alone or with ...201122178783
Detection and characterization of pathogenic vibrios in shellfish by a Ligation Detection Reaction-Universal Array approach.Vibrios are a group of major foodborne pathogens widely distributed in marine environment. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus are the pathogenic species of Vibrio that pose the greatest threat to human health. However, other vibrios, e.g. Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio mimicus and Grimontia hollisae, apparently less relevant in the group of foodborne pathogens, have been sporadically found in outbreaks. For seafood safety and economic purposes, a rapid and powerful met ...201122177227
quorum sensing and alternative sigma factor rpon regulate type vi secretion system i (t6ssva1) in fish pathogen vibrio alginolyticus.type vi secretion system (t6ss) is a highly conserved bacterial protein secretion system and is precisely regulated in gram-negative pathogens. in vibrio alginolyticus, an important fish pathogen, two complete t6ss gene clusters (t6ssva1 and t6ssva2) were identified. in this study, expression of a hemolysin coregulated protein (hcp1), which is one of the hallmarks of t6ss, was found to be strictly regulated in this bacterium. we showed that the expression of hcp1 was growth phase-dependent and t ...201122173829
Dietary administration of zingerone to enhance growth, non-specific immune response, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles.Zingerone, one of the active components of ginger, is a phenolic alkanone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The effects of zingerone supplementation on the growth, immunity, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles were studied. Four experimental diets, including a control diet (without zingerone enrichment) and 1, 2.5, and 5 mg zingerone (kg diet)(-1) were used. After 56 days of culture, shrimp fed diets supplemented with 1, 2.5, and 5 mg ...201222173270
The first homolog of pacifastin-related precursor in the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus): Characterization and potential role in immune response to bacteria and fungi.Among all the serine proteinase inhibitor families (SPIs), the pacifastin-related inhibitor is seldom isolated. A pacifastin-related SPI named as PtPLC was identified from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus in this study. The full-length of PtPLC was cloned from haemocytes cDNA library by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The PtPLC contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1098 bp encoding a putative pacifastin-related precursor of 365 amino ...201222154999
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