Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| cxc chemokine-mediated protection against visceral leishmaniasis: involvement of the proinflammatory response. | visceral leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani, is characterized by the loss of ability of the host to generate an effective immune response. in the present study, the comparative potential of cxc chemokines, interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (ip-10) and interleukin-8 (il-8) in restricting leishmania donovani infection via the release of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines was studied in an in vitro model. nitric oxide, a crucial mediator for ip-10-mediat ... | 2009 | 19743920 |
| discovery of novel antileishmanial agents in an attempt to synthesize pentamidine-aplysinopsin hybrid molecule. | in an attempt to synthesize pentamidine-aplysinopsin hybrid molecule 25, a lead molecule 8 (containing z-configured aplysinopsin moiety) was identified for antileishmanial activity. optimization of lead 8 provided 24 (containing e-configured aplysinopsin) possessing 10 times more activity and 401-fold less toxicity than the drug pentamidine in cell based assays. synthesis of 24 was possible, surprisingly, because of two innate reactivities of indole-3-carbaldehyde which provided it in diastereo- ... | 2009 | 19743860 |
| leishmania donovani causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in sri lanka: a wolf in sheep's clothing? | research involving leishmaniasis, a newly established disease in sri lanka, has focused mostly on parasitological and clinical factors, with inadequate understanding of other aspects, including its epidemiology and vector. the escalation in the spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases within sri lanka and the close resemblance (genotypic and phenotypic) between the local parasite leishmania donovani mon-37 and the parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis in india (l. donovani mon-2), underscored b ... | 2009 | 19734098 |
| role of a differentially expressed camp phosphodiesterase in regulating the induction of resistance against oxidative damage in leishmania donovani. | differentiation-coupled induction of resistance of leishmania parasites to macrophage oxidative damage was shown to be associated with an increased camp response. this study explores the significance of the camp response in the parasite by identifying a differentially expressed camp phosphodiesterase (ldpdea) and deciphering its role in regulating antioxidant machineries in the parasite. ldpdea, a high k(m) class i cytosolic camp phosphodiesterase, was expressed maximally in log-phase promastigo ... | 2009 | 19733234 |
| the distribution pattern of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the nuclei of leishmania donovani. | dna replication in eukaryotes is a highly conserved process marked by the licensing of multiple origins, with pre-replication complex assembly in g1 phase, followed by the onset of replication at these origins in s phase. the two strands replicate by different mechanisms, and dna synthesis is brought about by the activity of the replicative dna polymerases pol delta and pol epsilon. proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) augments the processivity of these polymerases by serving as a dna slidi ... | 2009 | 19729406 |
| treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with intravenous pentamidine and oral fluconazole in an hiv-positive patient with chronic renal failure--a case report and brief review of the literature. | we report the case of an hiv-positive patient with visceral leishmaniasis and several relapses after treatment with the two first-line anti-leishmanial drugs, liposomal amphotericin b and miltefosine. end-stage renal failure occurred in 2007 when the patient was on long-term treatment with miltefosine. a relapse of leishmaniasis in 2008 was successfully treated with a novel combination regimen of intravenous pentamidine and oral fluconazole. secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole monotherapy did ... | 2010 | 19726213 |
| glyoxalase i gene deletion mutants of leishmania donovani exhibit reduced methylglyoxal detoxification. | glyoxalase i is a metalloenzyme of the glyoxalase pathway that plays a central role in eliminating the toxic metabolite methyglyoxal. the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani possesses a unique trypanothione dependent glyoxalase system. | 2009 | 19710909 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-western yemen: a clinicoepidemiologic study and leishmania species identification by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is widespread in yemen, but not fully documented. | 2009 | 19695737 |
| design and synthesis of novel substituted quinazoline derivatives as antileishmanial agents. | 4-(substituted-benzylidine)-2-substituted-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]quinazoline (5a-p) and 4-(substituted-benzylidine)-2-substituted-3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazoline (6a-p) have been synthesized from 2-(substituted-benzylidine)tetralone-1(3a-d) and several substituted guanidine sulfates(4a-d).these compounds were tested for their in vitro antileishmanial activity. the compounds 6i, 6f, 6g show promising antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani. | 2009 | 19692240 |
| apoptosis caused by hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin in leishmania donovani during promastigote-to-amastigote transformation stage. | the role of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor geldanamycin (ga) during leishmania donovani promastigote-to-amastigote transformation in axenic conditions was investigated. promastigotes exhibited apoptotic morphologic changes after ga treatment at a high temperature, and the effect is in a dose- and time-dependant manner. meanwhile, cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase at the expense of cells in the g0/g1 phase and a decrease in the s and g2/m phases after ga treatment. in addition, c ... | 2009 | 19690889 |
| leishmanicidal activity of new megazol derivatives. | a series of thirteen new megazol derivatives, designed exploring the molecular hybridization approach between megazol (3) and heterocombretastatins (2), was synthesized. these new compounds were tested for in vitro antiparasitic activity upon axenic amastigotes of leishmania donovani. biological results led us to identify a new potent megazol derivative (4g), which presents an ic(50) = 0.081microg/ml, more active tham the reference drug miltefosine (ic(50) = 0.131microg/ml). | 2009 | 19689398 |
| proteomic analysis of wild type and arsenite-resistant leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani, causative organism for visceral leishmaniasis, is responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. generation of drug-resistant variants continue to challenge the chemotherapy, the mainstay to fight the disease. the aim of current study was proteomic profiling of wild type (ld-wt) and arsenite-resistant (ld-as20) l. donovani. significant differences in protein profiles were observed between ld-as20 and its parent ld-wt strain. proteomic analysis of 158 spots f ... | 2009 | 19679130 |
| berberine chloride causes a caspase-independent, apoptotic-like death in leishmania donovani promastigotes. | berberine chloride, a quarternary isoquinoline alkaloid, is a promising anti-leishmanial compound, ic(50) being 7.1 microm in l. donovani promastigotes. this leishmanicidal activity was initiated by its pro-oxidant effect, evidenced by enhanced generation of reactive oxygen intermediates that was accompanied by depletion of thiols; pre-incubation in n-acetyl cysteine, attenuated its cell viability, corroborating that generation of free radicals triggered its parasiticidal activity. externalizati ... | 2009 | 19669998 |
| constituents of tinospora sinensis and their antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani. | two new compounds 4-methyl-heptadec-6-enoic acid ethyl ester (2) and 3-hydroxy-2,9,11-trimethoxy-5,6-dihydro isoquino[3,2-a]isoquinolinylium (7) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the stems of tinospora sinensis, along with six known compounds (1, 3-6 and 8). the structures of new compounds were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic studies. compound 7 exhibited the highest in vitro antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani promastigotes and intracellular amastigo ... | 2009 | 19662579 |
| leishmania donovani: a glycosyl dihydropyridine analogue induces apoptosis like cell death via targeting pteridine reductase 1 in promastigotes. | targeting of pteridine reductase 1 (ptr1) in leishmania is essential for development of successful antifolate chemotherapy. in search for specific inhibitors of ptr1 we have previously reported phenyl 1,4-dihydropyridine ring as the lead structure showing antileishmanial efficacy in vitro and by the oral route in vivo. in this study, we present programmed cell death inducing potential of this glycosyl dihydropyridine analogue (2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-o-benzyl-1,2-o-isopropylidene-beta-l-threo-pentofur ... | 2009 | 19647734 |
| signr1-negative red pulp macrophages protect against acute streptococcal sepsis after leishmania donovani-induced loss of marginal zone macrophages. | marginal zone macrophages in the murine spleen play an important role in the capture of blood-borne pathogens and are viewed as an essential component of host defense against the development of pneumococcal sepsis. however, we and others have previously described the loss of marginal zone macrophages associated with the splenomegaly that follows a variety of viral and protozoal infections; this finding raises the question of whether these infected mice would become more susceptible to secondary ... | 2009 | 19644016 |
| induction of cellular and humoral responses by autoclaved and heat-killed antigen of leishmania donovani in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | the potential of autoclaved and heat-killed antigen of leishmania donovani to induce cell-mediated and humoral response has been evaluated in the present study. the vaccines were delivered thrice subcutaneously at an interval of 2 weeks. two weeks after second booster, balb/c mice were challenged with 10(7) stationary phase promastigotes of l. donovani. significant protection was achieved in immunized mice against l. donovani challenge with 69% to 76% and 59% to 64% reduction in parasite load in ... | 2009 | 19638322 |
| anti-fixed leishmania chagasi promastigotes igg antibodies detected by flow cytometry (fc-afpa-igg) as a tool for serodiagnosis and for post-therapeutic cure assessment in american visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a systemic infection, caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite belonging to the leishmania donovani complex. the diagnosis of vl is complex because most clinical features are shared with other commonly occurring febrile hepatosplenic diseases that can be endemic along with vl. a number of serological devices are available but still require improvement mainly due to residual post-therapeutic serology and the cross-reactivity with other trypanosomatidae protozoo ... | 2009 | 19635482 |
| anti-il-10 mab protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis via induction of th1 cytokines and nitric oxide. | visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by severe immune suppression of the host. this suppression of the host immune system is primarily mediated by the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10), whose levels are significantly upregulated during leishmaniasis. this immune suppression is reflected at the level of t-cell dysfunction and abrogation of leishmaniacidal molecules along with a dampened th1 cytokine response. in the present study, we showed in vivo neutralization of il-10 by ad ... | 2009 | 19634715 |
| high-throughput screening of amastigotes of leishmania donovani clinical isolates against drugs using a colorimetric beta-lactamase assay. | a simple colorimetric beta-lactamase assay for quantifying leishmania amastigotes in macrophages grown in microtiter plates has been reported. the beta-lactamase gene was integrated into the rrna region of the genome, thereby allowing for high-level stable expression of the enzyme. both visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) isolates were transfected with beta-lactamase gene. these beta-lactamase-expressing promastigotes were used for infecting intracellular j ... | 2009 | 19634714 |
| phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus is circulating both leishmania donovani and l. infantum in northwest iran. | leishmania infantum is the causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis (ivl) in the mediterranean basin and, based on isoenzyme typing of the parasite isolated from dogs; this parasite was considered to predominate in the all foci of ivl in iran. however, based on pcr detection and sequencing of parasite cysteine protease b (cpb), only one out of seven sandfly infections in phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus was found to be l. infantum in the current investigation. the six other infe ... | 2009 | 19631209 |
| improvement of the newly developed latex agglutination test (katex) for diagnosis of visceral lieshmaniasis. | different methods are available for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), among them the urine-based antigen detection assay, latex agglutination test (katex), is a recently developed one. the main drawback of the test is false-positive reactivity in some of healthy individuals. the false positivity of the test can be removed by boiling the urine sample for 5 min before testing. in this study an attempt was made to improve katex by removing unpleasant boiling process, which also decreases fi ... | 2009 | 19623643 |
| an orally effective dihydropyrimidone (dhpm) analogue induces apoptosis-like cell death in clinical isolates of leishmania donovani overexpressing pteridine reductase 1. | the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. the enzyme pteridine reductase 1 (ptr1) of l. donovani acts as a metabolic bypass for drugs targeting dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr); therefore, for successful antifolate chemotherapy to be developed against leishmania, it must target both enzyme activities. leishmania cells overexpressing ptr1 tagged at the n-terminal with green fluorescent protein were established to screen for proprietary dihydropyrim ... | 2009 | 19621245 |
| il-17 and il-22 are associated with protection against human kala azar caused by leishmania donovani. | il-17 and il-22 have been shown to increase protection against certain bacteria and fungal pathogens in experimental models. however, no human studies have demonstrated a crucial role of il-17 and il-22 in protection against infections. we show here that leishmania donovani, which can cause the lethal visceral disease kala azar (ka), stimulates the differentiation of th17 cells, which produce il-17, il-22, and ifn-gamma. analysis of th1, th2, and th17 cytokine responses by cultured pbmcs from in ... | 2009 | 19620772 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of pyridyl analogues of pentamidine. | a series of novel pyridyl analogues 1-18 of antiprotozoal drug 1,5-bis(4-amidinophenoxy)pentane (pentamidine) has been synthesized and tested for in vitro activities against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, plasmodium falciparum, and leishmania donovani, and for cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. antiprotozoal properties of compounds 1-18 depended on the placement of cationic moieties on the pyridine rings as well as the nature of substituents on the amidine groups. diamidine 6 with cationic m ... | 2009 | 19606902 |
| visceral leishmaniasis and anti-tnf-alpha therapy: case report and review of the literature. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an extremely rare example of opportunistic infection in patients treated with tnf-alpha antagonists and only a few cases have been described. in this paper risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic work-up and outcome of patients developing vl under biologic therapy are described. | 2009 | 19604446 |
| complete protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis with complete soluble antigen from attenuated leishmania donovani promastigotes involves th1-immunity and down-regulation of il-10. | compared with cutaneous leishmaniasis, vaccination against visceral leishmaniasis has received limited attention. most available drugs are toxic, and relapse after cure remains a chronic problem. growing limitations in available chemotherapeutic strategies due to emerging resistant strains and lack of an effective vaccine strategy against visceral leishmaniasis deepens the crisis. complete soluble antigen (csa), from a beta1-4 galactosyltransferase expressing attenuated leishmania donovani paras ... | 2009 | 19593771 |
| holiday souvenirs from the mediterranean: three instructive cases of visceral leishmaniasis. | with expanding travel activities, visceral leishmaniasis increasingly occurs in non-endemic areas and affects immunocompetent individuals with no other risk factor than holidays at the mediterranean coast. we report 3 instructive swiss cases of visceral leishmaniasis presenting with fever of unknown origin and pancytopenia and review current diagnostic and therapeutic concepts. | 2009 | 19593691 |
| evaluation of anti-leishmanial activity of selected indian plants known to have antimicrobial properties. | the severe toxicity, exorbitant cost and the emerging resistance of leishmania spp. against most of the currently used drugs led to the urgent need for exploiting our traditional ayurvedic knowledge to treat visceral leishmaniasis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of various extracts from ten traditionally used indian medicinal plants. the methanolic extract from only two plants, withania somnifera dunal (ashwagandha) and allium sativum linn. (garlic), ... | 2009 | 19593584 |
| intracellular replication-deficient leishmania donovani induces long lasting protective immunity against visceral leishmaniasis. | no vaccine is currently available for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania donovani. this study addresses whether a live attenuated centrin gene-deleted l. donovani (ldcen1(-/-)) parasite can persist and be both safe and protective in animals. ldcen1(-/-) has a defect in amastigote replication both in vitro and ex vivo in human macrophages. safety was shown by the lack of parasites in spleen and liver in susceptible balb/c mice, immune compromised scid mice, and human vl model hamste ... | 2009 | 19592661 |
| in vivo induction of the autophagic machinery in human bone marrow cells during leishmania donovani complex infection. | autophagy is a homeostatic process promoting cell survival in periods of stress. the induction of the autophagic machinery has also been implicated in both innate and adaptive immunity. leishmania donovani, which is the causative pathogen of visceral leishmaniasis, is an intracellular parasite that invades and multiplies in bone marrow macrophages. we describe the induction of host cell autophagic machinery during acute natural bone marrow infection by l. donovani complex, detected by lc3b immun ... | 2009 | 19591960 |
| use of multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) for the genetic analysis of indian isolates of leishmania donovani. | 2009 | 19583916 | |
| clinical and laboratory comparison of different brands of amphotericin b used for the treatment of kala-azar: an observational study. | the communication presents clinical response of cases of visceral leishmaniasis to treatment by two different brands of amphotericin b. fungizone was found to be slightly better than amphotericin b, however, the difference is not statistically significant. | 2008 | 19579720 |
| antiprotozoal activity of 1-phenethyl-4-aminopiperidine derivatives. | a series of 44 4-aminopiperidine derivatives was screened in vitro against four protozoan parasites (trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania donovani, and plasmodium falciparum). this screening identified 29 molecules selectively active against bloodstream-form t. b. rhodesiense trypomastigotes, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50) ranging from 0.12 to 10 microm, and 33 compounds active against the chloroquine- and pyrimethamine-resistant k1 strain of p. falciparum (ic ... | 2009 | 19564359 |
| leishmania donovani trypanothione reductase: role of urea and guanidine hydrochloride in modulation of functional and structural properties. | trypanothione reductase [tr], an nadph-dependent disulfide oxidoreductase, unique to kinetoplastid parasites including trypanosoma and leishmania, is a validated target for the design of improved drugs. tr is a stable homodimer with a fad molecule tightly bound to each subunit. in this paper, structure, function, stability properties and cofactor protein interactions of recombinant tr from leishmania donovani were investigated under equilibrium unfolding/denaturing conditions. urea induced unfol ... | 2009 | 19563920 |
| immunogenicity of candidate chimeric dna vaccine against tuberculosis and leishmaniasis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and leishmania donovani are important intracellular pathogens, especially in indian context. in india and other south east asian countries, both these infections are highly endemic and in about 20% cases co-infection of these pathogens is reported. for both these pathogens cell mediated immunity plays most important role. the available treatment of these infections is either prolonged or cumbersome or it is ineffective in controlling the outbreaks and spread. therefore ... | 2009 | 19559111 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote stages to antileishmanial reference drugs: practical relevance of stage-specific differences. | the in vitro susceptibilities of the reference strain leishmania donovani mhom/et/67/l82 to sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin b, miltefosine, and the experimental compound px-6518 were determined for extracellular log-phase promastigotes, established axenic amastigotes, fresh spleen-derived amastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes in primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. susceptibility to amphotericin b did not differ across the various axenic models (50% inhibitory concentrations [ic50], 0. ... | 2009 | 19546361 |
| development of species-specific pcr and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays for l.infantum/l.donovani discrimination. | discrimination of leishmania infantum and l. donovani, the members of the l. (l.) donovani complex, is important for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). we have developed two molecular tools including a restriction fragment length polymorphisms of amplified dna (pcr-rflp) and a pcr that are capable to discriminate l. donovani from l. infantum. typing of the complex was performed by a simple pcr of cysteine protease b (cpb) gene followed by digestion with draiii. ... | 2009 | 19545519 |
| sub-optimal dose of sodium antimony gluconate (sag)-diperoxovanadate combination clears organ parasites from balb/c mice infected with antimony resistant leishmania donovani by expanding antileishmanial t-cell repertoire and increasing ifn-gamma to il-10 ratio. | we demonstrate that the combination of sub-optimal doses of sodium antimony gluconate (sag) and the diperoxovanadate compound k[vo(o(2))(2)(h(2)o)], also designated as pv6, is highly effective in combating experimental infection of balb/c mice with antimony resistant (sb(r)) leishmania donovani (ld) as evident from the significant reduction in organ parasite burden where sag is essentially ineffective. interestingly, such treatment also allowed clonal expansion of antileishmanial t-cells coupled ... | 2009 | 19545517 |
| immunization with the dna-encoding n-terminal domain of proteophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani generates th1-type immunoprotective response against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania produce several types of mucin-like glycoproteins called proteophosphoglycans (ppgs) which exist as secretory as well as surface-bound forms in both promastigotes and amastigotes. the structure and function of ppgs have been reported to be species and stage specific as in the case of leishmania major and leishmania mexicana; there has been no such information available for leishmania donovani. we have recently demonstrated that ppg is differentially expressed in sodium stibogluconate- ... | 2009 | 19542458 |
| n-chlorotaurine shows high in vitro activity against promastigotes and amastigotes of leishmania species. | protozoan parasites of the genus leishmania are the causative agents of life-threatening visceral as well as cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. first-line drugs are antimonials, but toxicity and resistance in some endemic areas cause serious problems. in the current study, the antileishmanial activity of the weak oxidant n-chlorotaurine (nct) was investigated. nct is a derivative of the amino acid taurine produced by granulocytes and monocytes during oxidative burst, but can also be synt ... | 2009 | 19541788 |
| malnutrition promotes prostaglandin over leukotriene production and dysregulates eicosanoid-cytokine crosstalk in activated resident macrophages. | we previously described a murine model of malnutrition that mimicked features of moderate human malnutrition, and led to increased dissemination of leishmania donovani. in this study, we investigated the effect of malnutrition on macrophage production of cytokines, prostaglandins (pgs), and leukotrienes (lts). using either lps or calcium ionophore a23187 as a stimulus, macrophages from the malnourished mice produced a 3-fold higher pg/lt ((pge(2)+6-keto-pgf(1alpha))/(ltb(4)+cysteinyl leukotriene ... | 2009 | 19541468 |
| in vitro antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of phenolics and triterpenoids from baccharis dracunculifolia d. c. (asteraceae). | baccharis dracunculifolia (asteraceae), the most important plant source of the brazilian green propolis (gpe), displayed in vitro activity against leishmania donovani, with an ic(50) value of 45 microg/ml, while gpe presented an ic(50) value of 49 microg/ml. among the isolated compounds of b. dracunculifolia, ursolic acid, and hautriwaic acid lactone showed ic(50) values of 3.7 microg/ml and 7.0 microg/ml, respectively. uvaol, acacetin, and ermanin displayed moderate antileishmanial activity. re ... | 2009 | 19540316 |
| role of the domestic dog as a reservoir host of leishmania donovani in eastern sudan. | abstract: | 2009 | 19534802 |
| pro-apoptotic effect of the landrace bangla mahoba of piper betle on leishmania donovani may be due to the high content of eugenol. | in the absence of effective and safe treatment for visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar - a devastating parasitic disease caused by leishmania donovani - the search for anti-leishmanial agents from natural resources in common use is imperative. recently, the comparative in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts from two landraces of piper betle - p. betle landrace bangla mahoba (pb-bm) and p. betle landrace kapoori vellaikodi (pb-kv) - has been reported. here, the putative pathway ... | 2009 | 19528177 |
| first total synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of (z)-17-methyl-13-octadecenoic acid, a new marine fatty acid from the sponge polymastia penicillus. | the first total synthesis for the (z)-17-methyl-13-octadecenoic acid was accomplished in seven steps and in a 45% overall yield. the use of (trimethylsilyl)acetylene was key in the synthesis. based on a previous developed strategy in our laboratory the best synthetic route towards the title compound was first acetylide coupling of (trimethylsilyl)acetylene to the long-chain protected 12-bromo-1-dodecanol followed by a second acetylide coupling to the short-chain 3-methyl-1-bromobutane, which res ... | 2009 | 19527698 |
| transgenic leishmania donovani clinical isolates expressing green fluorescent protein constitutively for rapid and reliable ex vivo drug screening. | several leishmania strains with episomal expression of green fluorescent protein (gfp) require constant drug pressure for its continuous expression and hence limit its use in ex vivo or in vivo systems. the aim of this study was to alleviate this problem by stably integrating the gfp gene into the parasite genome, so as to use these transfectants for ex vivo and in vivo drug screening. | 2009 | 19525291 |
| a novel 1-indanone isolated from uvaria afzelii roots. | bioactivity-guided fractionations of chloromethylenic extract of the roots of u. afzelii (annonaceae), using leishmania donovani and trypanosoma brucei brucei bioassay, resulted in the isolation of the two known compounds, emorydone (1) and demethoxymatteucinol (2), previously isolated from the stems, which were characterised from this source. in addition, the novel 1-indanone, afzeliindanone (3), was also isolated. the structure determination of afzeliindanone (3) was elucidated on the basis of ... | 2009 | 19521904 |
| quantitative structure--antiprotozoal activity relationships of sesquiterpene lactones. | prompted by results of our previous studies where we found high activity of some sesquiterpene lactones (stls) against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (which causes east african sleeping sickness), we have now conducted a structure-(in-vitro)-activity study on a set of 40 stls against t. brucei rhodesiense, t. cruzi, leishmania donovani and plasmodium falciparum. furthermore, cytotoxic activity against l6 rat skeletal myoblast cells was assessed. some of the compounds possess high activity, espec ... | 2009 | 19513006 |
| identification of novel leishmania donovani antigens that help define correlates of vaccine-mediated protection in visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by the intracellular parasite leishmania donovani is a major public health problem in the developing world. but there is no effective and safe vaccine approved for clinical use against any form of leishmaniasis. through reactivity with kala-azar patient and cured sera, polypeptides ranging from 91 to 31-kda from l. donovani promastigotes were previously identified as potential protective vaccine candidates. in this study four polypeptides 91(ld91), 72 (ld72), ... | 2009 | 19503834 |
| the sandflies of the satluj river valley, himachal pradesh (india): some possible vectors of the parasite causing human cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases in this endemic focus. | the recently recognized endemic focus of leishmaniasis in satluj river valley in himachal pradesh (india) lies in north-western himalayas (30 degrees n, 70 degrees e). this endemic focus of leishmaniasis appears peculiar where localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl) co-exists with visceral leishmaniasis (vl), and leishmania donovani is predominant pathogen for lcl whereas only a few cases have been due to leishmania tropica. this study was carried out to collect sandflies, identify and delineate ... | 2009 | 19502693 |
| down regulation of kmp-11 in leishmania infantum axenic antimony resistant amastigotes as revealed by a proteomic screen. | the therapeutic mainstay against the protozoan parasite leishmania is still based on the antiquated pentavalent antimonials, but resistance is increasing in several parts of the world. resistance is now partly understood in laboratory promastigote isolates, but the mechanism leading to drug resistance in amastigote isolates is lagging behind. here we describe a comparative proteomic analysis of a genetically related pair of antimonial-sensitive and -resistant leishmania infantum axenic amastigot ... | 2009 | 19500579 |
| synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation of 4-anilino-2-trichloromethylquinazolines. | to identify a new safe antiplasmodial molecular scaffold, an original series of 2-trichloromethylquinazolines, functionalized in position 4 by an alkyl- or arylamino substituent, was synthesized from 4-chloro-2-trichloromethylquinazoline 1, via a cheap, fast and efficient solvent-free operating procedure. among the 40 molecules prepared, several exhibit a good profile with both a significant antiplasmodial activity on the w2 plasmodium falciparum strain (ic(50) values: 0.4-2.2 microm) and a prom ... | 2009 | 19482476 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis in a sudanese patient. | mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) is an oral disease caused by the parasite leishmania donovani. the disease has been proven to be pandemic in many areas of the world. it affects young men living in leishmaniasis-endemic areas. ml might be accompanied or proceeded by visceral leishmaniasis (vl), although in most of the cases seen in sudan, ml occurs as a primary lesion. ml can mimic oral cancer or fungal infections, with ulceration as the most common finding in ml lesions. in this report, the patient c ... | 2009 | 19478252 |
| unusual presentations of visceral leishmaniasis. | we report 3 cases of visceral leishmaniasis, who presented with unusual clinical manifestations. one child was diagnosed as hemophagocytic syndrome; another masqueraded with features of leukemoid changes alongwith hemophagocytosis and trilineage myelodysplasia; the third case presented with pyothorax. all the three patients showed amastigote forms of leishmania donovani and positive serology (rk39 antigen). they showed complete clinical, hematological and parasitological resolution with amphoter ... | 2009 | 19475352 |
| greater abundance of extracellular leishmania donovani bodies: possible clue from comparison of bone marrow aspirate and imprint findings. | 2009 | 19474363 | |
| improvement of direct agglutination test (dat) for laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. | we previously standardized the direct agglutination test (dat) to detect anti-leishmania chagasi promastigote antibodies (dat-lpc) with good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in this paper, we present a technical upgrade by introducing some modifications into the antigen preparation. this antigen was evaluated in dat (dat-mod) using 61 sera samples from vl patients and 96 samples from patients with other diseases. the dat-mod presented a cut-off of 1:100, sa ... | 2009 | 19457530 |
| miltefosine promotes ifn-gamma-dominated anti-leishmanial immune response. | leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, resides and replicates as amastigotes within macrophages. the parasite inflicts the disease visceral leishmaniasis by suppressing host cell function. neither a therapeutic vaccine nor an effective anti-leishmanial drug to reverse the immunosuppression is available. although miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine or hpc) is a promising orally bioavailable anti-leishmanial drug, its efficacy is seriously compromised by contra-indications in pregnant women. ... | 2009 | 19454711 |
| 6-br-5methylindirubin-3'oxime (5-me-6-bio) targeting the leishmanial glycogen synthase kinase-3 (gsk-3) short form affects cell-cycle progression and induces apoptosis-like death: exploitation of gsk-3 for treating leishmaniasis. | indirubins known to target mammalian cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and glycogen synthase kinase (gsk-3) were tested for their antileishmanial activity. 6-br-indirubin-3'-oxime (6-bio), 6-br-indirubin-3'acetoxime and 6-br-5methylindirubin-3'oxime (5-me-6-bio) were the most potent inhibitors of leishmania donovani promastigote and amastigote growth (half maximal inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) values < or =1.2 microm). since the 6-br substitution on the indirubin backbone greatly enhances the ... | 2009 | 19445946 |
| arginine homeostasis and transport in the human pathogen leishmania donovani. | arginine is an essential amino acid for the human pathogen leishmania but not to its host. thus, the mechanism by which this protozoan parasite regulates cellular homeostasis of arginine is critical for its survival and virulence. in a previous study, we cloned and functionally characterized a high affinity arginine-specific transporter, ldaap3, from leishmania donovani. in this investigation, we have characterized the relationship between arginine transport via ldaap3 and amino acid availabilit ... | 2009 | 19439418 |
| presentation of leishmaniasis (leishmania infantum) in the skin of a patient with severe atopic dermatitis. | 2009 | 19438451 | |
| b7-h1 blockade increases survival of dysfunctional cd8(+) t cells and confers protection against leishmania donovani infections. | experimental visceral leishmaniasis (vl) represents an exquisite model to study cd8(+) t cell responses in a context of chronic inflammation and antigen persistence, since it is characterized by chronic infection in the spleen and cd8(+) t cells are required for the development of protective immunity. however, antigen-specific cd8(+) t cell responses in vl have so far not been studied, due to the absence of any defined leishmania-specific cd8(+) t cell epitopes. in this study, transgenic leishma ... | 2009 | 19436710 |
| the antiprotozoal activity of sixteen asteraceae species native to sudan and bioactivity-guided isolation of xanthanolides from xanthium brasilicum. | in vitro screening of the dichloromethane extracts of 16 asteraceae species native to sudan for activity against major protozoan pathogens revealed that a xanthium brasilicum vell. [syn. x. strumarium var. brasilicum (vell.) baker in mart.] extract was the most active against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the etiological agent of east african human trypanosomiasis (ic(50) = 0.1 microg/ml). this plant extract also exhibited noticeable activities against t. cruzi (chagas disease), leishmania don ... | 2009 | 19431098 |
| an ab initio structural model of a nucleoside permease predicts functionally important residues. | permeases belonging to the equilibrative nucleoside transporter family promote uptake of nucleosides and/or nucleobases into a wide range of eukaryotes and mediate the uptake of a variety of drugs used in the treatment of cancer, heart disease, aids, and parasitic infections. no experimental three-dimensional structure exists for any of these permeases, and they are not present in prokaryotes, the source of many membrane proteins used in crystal structure determination. to generate a structural ... | 2009 | 19429678 |
| sub-optimal dose of sodium antimony gluconate (sag)-diperoxovanadate combination clears organ parasites from balb/c mice infected with antimony resistant leishmania donovani by expanding antileishmanial t-cell repertoire and increasing ifn-gamma to il-10 ratio. | we demonstrate that the combination of sub-optimal doses of sodium antimony gluconate (sag) and the diperoxovanadate compound k[vo(o2)2(h2o)], also designated as pv6, is highly effective in combating experimental infection of balb/c mice with antimony resistant (sb(r)) leishmania donovani (ld) as evident from the significant reduction in organ parasite burden where sag is essentially ineffective. interestingly, such treatment also allowed clonal expansion of antileishmanial t-cells coupled with ... | 2009 | 19422069 |
| synthesis and antiprotozoal activities of dicationic bis(phenoxymethyl)benzenes, bis(phenoxymethyl)naphthalenes, and bis(benzyloxy)naphthalenes. | a series of 37 dicationically substituted bis(phenoxymethyl)benzene bis(phenoxymethyl)naphthalene, and bis(benzyloxy)naphthalene analogues of pentamidine was prepared and evaluated for antiprotozoal activities and cytotoxicity in in vitro. 1,3-bis(4-amidinophenoxymethyl)benzene (1) was the most active against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (ic(50)=2.1 nm). 1,3-bis[4-(n-isopropylamidino)phenoxymethyl]benzene (2) was most active against plasmodium falciparum (ic(50)=3.6 nm) and displayed a selecti ... | 2009 | 19409677 |
| ancient leishmania coronin (crn12) is involved in microtubule remodeling during cytokinesis. | in general, coronins play an important role in actin-based processes, and are expressed in a variety of eukaryotic cells, including leishmania. here, we show that leishmania coronin preferentially distributes to the distal tip during cytokinesis, and interacts with microtubules through a microtubule-based motor, kinesin k39. we further show that reduction in coronin levels by 40-50% in heterozygous coronin mutants results in generation of bipolar cells (25-30%), specifically in the log phase, ow ... | 2009 | 19401334 |
| flow cytometric determination of intracellular non-protein thiols in leishmania promastigotes using 5-chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate. | leishmania parasites lack catalase and therefore, their anti-oxidant system hinges primarily upon non-protein thiols; accordingly, depletion of thiols could potentially serve as an effective drug target. we have developed a flow cytometry based assay using 5-chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate based upon its selective staining of non-protein thiols. its specificity was confirmed using buthionine sulphoximine (a gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase inhibitor), diamide (an oxidizing agent of intracel ... | 2009 | 19393240 |
| mutational studies reveal lysine 352 on the large subunit is indispensable for catalytic activity of bi-subunit topoisomerase i from leishmania donovani. | from the vanadate complex crystal structure of leishmania donovani topoisomerase i, several amino acid residues have been implicated to be involved in the catalytic reaction. although several predictions and propositions have been made, the exact role of these amino acids has not yet been clearly demonstrated in vitro. among these residues, lysine 352 and arginine 314 stand as potential candidates for playing the role of a general acid during the cleavage step. in this study, we have characteriz ... | 2009 | 19393162 |
| genetics and visceral leishmaniasis: of mice and man. | ninety per cent of the 500,000 annual new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) occur in india/bangladesh/nepal, sudan and brazil. importantly, 80-90% of human infections are sub-clinical or asymptomatic, usually associated with strong cell-mediated immunity. understanding the environmental and genetic risk factors that determine why two people with the same exposure to infection differ in susceptibility could provide important leads for improved therapies. recent research using candidate gene as ... | 2009 | 19388946 |
| quinacrine and a novel apigenin dimer can synergistically increase the pentamidine susceptibility of the protozoan parasite leishmania. | the aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of quinacrine and a novel apigenin dimer (compound 9d) on reversing pentamidine resistance of leishmania parasites. | 2009 | 19377065 |
| the paraphyletic composition of leishmania donovani zymodeme mon-37 revealed by multilocus microsatellite typing. | multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) was employed to compare strains of leishmania donovani belonging to the mon-37 zymodeme (mon-37 strains) from cyprus and israel to mon-37 strains from the indian subcontinent, the middle east, china and east africa as well as strains of other zymodemes. the mlmt data were processed with a distance-based method for construction of phylogenetic trees, factorial correspondence analysis and a bayesian model-based clustering algorithm. all three approaches assi ... | 2009 | 19376262 |
| functionality of drug efflux pumps in antimonial resistant leishmania donovani field isolates. | the recent upsurge of antimony (sb) resistance is a major impediment to successful chemotherapy of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). mechanisms involved in antimony resistance have demonstrated an upregulation of drug efflux pumps; however, the biological role drug efflux pumps in clinical isolates remains to be substantiated. thus, in this study, the functionality of drug efflux pumps was measured in promastigotes and axenic amastigotes isolated from vl patients, who were either sb-sensitive (ag83, ... | 2009 | 19374259 |
| bioactive (+)-manzamine a and (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine a tertiary bases and salts from acanthostrongylophora ingens and their preparations. | the genus acanthostrongylophora is famous for producing a wide array of manzamine alkaloids as natural hydrochloride salts. an examination of a. ingens has now yielded two tertiary bases, (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine a (1) and (+)-manzamine a (2), by chromatography over alumina using chcl3-meoh-nh3.h2o as solvent. in addition, (+)-8-hydroxymanzamine a hydrochloride (3) and (+)-manzamine a hydrochloride (4) were isolated under the same conditions from the same source by silica gel chromatography. the s ... | 2009 | 19370920 |
| parasitological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: is intact skin a good target? | the objective of this study was to evaluate intact skin of seroreactive dogs as a possible target for the parasitological confirmation of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). for this purpose, 394 dogs identified in serological surveys carried out in the metropolitan region of belo horizonte were studied. blood was collected from all animals for serology and a tissue sample was obtained from two sites for parasitological diagnosis. skin obtained from the ear and scapular region was simultaneousl ... | 2009 | 19364614 |
| leishmania donovani: thionins, plant antimicrobial peptides with leishmanicidal activity. | the leishmanicidal activity of plant antibiotic peptides (paps) from the principal families, such wheat thionins, a barley lipid transfer protein and potato defensins and snakins were tested in vitro against leishmania donovani. only thionins and defensins were active against this human pathogen at a low micromolar range of concentrations. thionins resulted as the most active peptides tested until now. they collapsed ionic and ph gradients across the parasite plasma membrane together with a rapi ... | 2009 | 19361504 |
| targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors for anti-malarial therapy. | it is now clear that histone acetylation plays key roles in regulating gene transcription in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the acetylated form inducing gene expression while deacetylation silences genes. recent studies have identified roles for histone acetyltransferases (hats) and/or histone deacetylases (hdacs) in a number of parasites including entamoeba histolytica, toxoplasma gondii, schistosoma mansoni, cryptosporidium sp., leishmania donovani, neospora caninum, and plasmodium falciparu ... | 2009 | 19355992 |
| relapse of visceral leishmaniasis after miltefosine treatment in a nepalese patient. | we report the first case of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) relapse in a healthy individual after complete miltefosine treatment. the patient attended hospital with a history of fever for 2 months, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and weight loss. the case was confirmed as vl by microscopical detection of leishmania parasites in a bone marrow specimen and by a positive result for the immunochromatography-based test targeting the leishmania donovani rk39 antibody. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) specifi ... | 2009 | 19346379 |
| biologically active cannabinoids from high-potency cannabis sativa. | nine new cannabinoids (1-9) were isolated from a high-potency variety of cannabis sativa. their structures were identified as (+/-)-4-acetoxycannabichromene (1), (+/-)-3''-hydroxy-delta((4'',5''))-cannabichromene (2), (-)-7-hydroxycannabichromane (3), (-)-7r-cannabicoumarononic acid a (4), 5-acetyl-4-hydroxycannabigerol (5), 4-acetoxy-2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentylphenol (6), 8-hydroxycannabinol (7), 8-hydroxycannabinolic acid a (8), and 2-geranyl-5-hydroxy-3-n-pentyl-1,4-benzoquinone (9) throug ... | 2009 | 19344127 |
| peganine hydrochloride dihydrate an orally active antileishmanial agent. | protozoic infections caused by genus leishmania pose an enormous public health threat in developing countries, compounded by the toxicity and resistance to current therapies. under the aegis of our ongoing program on drug discovery and development on antileishmanial agents from plants, we carried out bioassay guided fractionation on peganum harmala seeds which resulted in the isolation of 1 as an antileishmanial agent. 2d-nmr spectral data and single crystal x-ray crystallography data indicated ... | 2009 | 19339182 |
| topoisomerase i gene mutations at f270 in the large subunit and n184 in the small subunit contribute to the resistance mechanism of the unicellular parasite leishmania donovani towards 3,3'-diindolylmethane. | 3,3'-diindolylmethane (dim), a novel poison targeting leishmania donovani topoisomerase i (ldtop1ls), induces programmed cell death in leishmania parasites. the development of resistant parasites by adaptation with increasing concentrations of dim generates random mutations in ldtop1ls. single-nucleotide mutations result in the amino acid substitutions f270l and k430n in the large subunit and n184s in the small subunit of the enzyme. dim failed to inhibit the catalytic activity of the recombinan ... | 2009 | 19332675 |
| leishmania donovani lacking the golgi gdp-man transporter lpg2 exhibit attenuated virulence in mammalian hosts. | surface phosophoglycans such as lipophosphoglycan (lpg) or proteophosphoglycan (ppg) and glycosylinositol phospholipids (gipls) modulate essential interactions between leishmania and mammalian macrophages. phosphoglycan synthesis depends on the golgi gdp-mannose transporter encoded by lpg2. lpg2-null (lpg2(-)) leishmania major cannot establish macrophage infections or induce acute pathology, whereas lpg2(-)leishmania mexicana retain virulence. lpg2(-)leishmania donovani has been reported to surv ... | 2009 | 19328787 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-(hetero) aryl-2-piperazino quinazolines as anti-leishmanial and anti-proliferative agents. | a series of new class of 4-(hetero)aryl-2-piperazino quinazolines were synthesized and assessed for in vitro activity against extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of leishmania donovani. among the compounds evaluated, compound 4bb and 4cb showed the selectivity index (si) value>8.03 and 4.21, respectively, which is promising as compared with sodium stilbogluconate (ssg) and pentamidine with the si of 6.38 and 2.07, respectively. the synthesized compounds were also tested for ... | 2009 | 19328690 |
| is leishmaniasis in sri lanka benign and be ignored? | cutaneous leishmaniasis is now an endemic disease in sri lanka. many studies have focussed on various aspects of this disease but the knowledge, particularly on epidemiological and vector aspects is still poor and the awareness among the general public and even medical/paramedical personnel regarding this disease remains grossly inadequate. the steady increase in the numbers and spread of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in sri lanka and the very close similarity (genotypic and phenotypic) between ... | 2009 | 19326703 |
| molecular basis of antimony treatment in leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis is a disease that affects 2 million people and kills 70000 persons every year. it is caused by leishmania species, which are human protozoan parasites of the trypanosomatidae family. trypanosomatidae differ from the other eukaryotes in their specific redox metabolism because the glutathione/glutathione reductase system is replaced by the unique trypanothione/trypanothione reductase system. the current treatment of leishmaniasis relies mainly on antimonial drugs. the crystal structu ... | 2009 | 19317451 |
| dual culture method to determine the relationship of gut bacteria of sandfly (phlebotomus argentipes) with promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | a simple dual culture agar plating technique has been developed and evaluated for its efficiency in determining the relationship of gut bacteria of sandfly with leishmania donovani promastigotes. there are about twenty morphologically distinct bacterial colonies have been isolated from the gut homogenate of phlebotomus argentipes. in dual culture method, each bacterial isolate was inoculated in one half of the plate and the promastigotes of leishmania was inculcated in the other half by streakin ... | 2008 | 19301698 |
| designing therapies against experimental visceral leishmaniasis by modulating the membrane fluidity of antigen-presenting cells. | the membrane fluidity of antigen-presenting cells (apcs) has a significant bearing on t-cell-stimulating ability and is dependent on the cholesterol content of the membrane. the relationship, if any, between membrane fluidity and defective cell-mediated immunity in visceral leishmaniasis has been investigated. systemic administration of cholesterol by liposome delivery (cholesterol liposomes) in leishmania donovani-infected hamsters was found to cure the infection. splenic macrophages as a proto ... | 2009 | 19289510 |
| identification of genetic markers in sodium antimony gluconate (sag) sensitive and resistant indian clinical isolates of leishmania donovani through amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). | sodium antimony gluconate (sag) is currently used worldwide as the first-line drugs for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) since 1940s. unfortunately, the resistance of leishmania parasite to this drug is increasing in several parts of the world. the mechanism of drug resistance in clinical isolates is still not very clear. earlier, we have established a differentiation between six clinical isolates as sensitive and resistant on the basis of their sensi ... | 2009 | 19283900 |
| molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in asia (focus on cutaneous infections). | leishmaniasis has a wider geographical distribution than before. this review focuses on molecular epidemiological studies of new foci of cutaneous leishmaniasis in south and southeast asia. | 2009 | 19276879 |
| parasitic lung infections. | global climate change and population explosion leading to changes in natural ecosystem and travel across the continents have resulted in an increase in the transmission of parasites to human beings. this review focuses on recent advancements in parasitic lung infections. | 2009 | 19276810 |
| short report: development of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) in miltefosine-treated visceral leishmaniasis. | we report two cases of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl), which had subsequently developed after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with miltefosine. both patients had maculo-nodular lesions all over the body, and they were diagnosed as pkdl by parasitologic examination for leishmania donovani bodies in a skin snip of lesions. patients were put on amphotericin b and responded very well for nodular lesions with one course of treatment. however, longer duration of the treatmen ... | 2009 | 19270277 |
| structure-activity study of pentamidine analogues as antiprotozoal agents. | diamidine 1 (pentamidine) and 65 analogues (2-66) have been tested for in vitro antiprotozoal activities against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, plasmodium falciparum, and leishmania donovani, and for cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. dications 32, 64, and 66 exhibited antitrypanosomal potencies equal or greater than melarsoprol (ic(50) = 4 nm). nine congeners (2-4, 12, 27, 30, and 64-66) were more active against p. falciparum than artemisinin (ic(50) = 6 nm). eight compounds (12, 32, 33, 44 ... | 2009 | 19267462 |
| insights from the analysis of a predicted model of gp63 in leishmania donovani. | leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease of human that occurs in most parts of the world. by considering the progress of bioinformatics in molecular modeling, major surface glycoprotein of leishmania donovani (gp63) structure was modeled using homology modeling with high accuracy based on the x-ray crystal structure of the leishmania major gp63 as a template, and then analyzed 3d structure of gp63 which can reveal exact facts about its structure and interaction. the objective of this study was to fi ... | 2008 | 19238247 |
| presence of antibodies against leishmania chagasi in haemodialysed patients. | in the last decades there has been an increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis complicating the post-transplant phase, mainly following kidney transplantation. the aim of this study was to evaluate the reactivity of haemodialysed patients using ifat. blood samples of 310 individuals from natal, rn, brazil, were collected and analysed. data regarding blood transfusion, cause of end-stage renal disease and duration of haemodialysis were also analysed. in total, 69 patients (22.3%) were positive ... | 2009 | 19237180 |
| pcr and direct agglutination as leishmania infection markers among healthy nepalese subjects living in areas endemic for kala-azar. | to compare a pcr assay and direct agglutination test (dat) for the detection of potential markers of leishmania infection in 231 healthy subjects living in a kala-azar endemic focus of nepal. | 2009 | 19228350 |
| synthesis and antileishmanial activity of novel 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines and 1,3,5-triazines. | a series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines and 1,3,5-triazines have been synthesized and screened for their in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity against leishmania donovani. among all, 14 compounds have shown promising inhibition of 80-100% at 10 microg/ml against promastigotes and ic(50) in the range of 0.89-9.68 microg/ml against amastigotes. three compounds 13, 32 and 33 with good selectivity index (s.i.) were screened for their in vivo activity in golden hamsters (mesocricetus aur ... | 2009 | 19217698 |
| anti-leishmanial polyclonal antibodies to assess the performance characteristics of leishmanial antigen detection elisa. | the polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbits against amastigote antigen extract were purified and fractionated, and igg class antibodies and from the same antibodies, a peroxidase conjugate (labeled antibodies) reagent were prepared. the antibodies and the labeled antibodies were analyzed for efficacy of the homologous extracted antigens by capture elisa. the titration curves of the anti-amastigote igg antibody against extracted antigens showed that both free antibody and corresponding labeled an ... | 2008 | 19209783 |
| trypanocidal, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic effects of anthecotulide-type linear sesquiterpene lactones from anthemis auriculata. | trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis pose major public health threats for many countries, particularly those in sub-saharan africa and south america. in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiprotozoal activity of three irregular, linear sesquiterpene lactones recently isolated from greek anthemis auriculata, namely anthecotulide (1), 4-hydroxyanthecotulide (2) and 4-acetoxyanthecotulide (3). trypomastigote forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t. cruzi as well as axenic amastigotes ... | 2009 | 19200703 |
| killing of trypanosomatid parasites by a modified bovine host defense peptide, bmap-18. | tropical diseases caused by parasites continue to cause socioeconomic devastation that reverberates worldwide. there is a growing need for new control measures for many of these diseases due to increasing drug resistance exhibited by the parasites and problems with drug toxicity. one new approach is to apply host defense peptides (hdp; formerly called antimicrobial peptides) to disease control, either to treat infected hosts, or to prevent disease transmission by interfering with parasites in th ... | 2009 | 19190729 |
| leishmania donovani leishmaniasis in cyprus. | 2009 | 19179221 |