Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| antimicrobial activity of the pleuromutilin antibiotic bc-3781 against bacterial pathogens isolated in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program in 2010. | bc-3781 is a novel semisynthetic pleuromutilin antibiotic inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. bc-3781 has completed a phase 2 clinical trial in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi). its antibacterial spectrum additionally covers the predominant pathogens causing community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp). in this study, the antibacterial activity of bc-3781 was evaluated against a contemporary collection of 10,035 bacterial isolates predominately causing absssi and ... | 2013 | 23836172 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology. | within the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories experienced revolutionary changes in the way in which microorganisms are identified, moving away from slow, traditional microbial identification algorithms toward rapid molecular methods and mass spectrometry (ms). historically, ms was clinically utilized as a high-complexity method adapted for protein-centered analysis of samples in chemistry and hematology laboratories. today, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight ... | 2013 | 23824373 |
| antianaerobic antimicrobials: spectrum and susceptibility testing. | susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria recovered from selected cases can influence the choice of antimicrobial therapy. the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) has standardized many laboratory procedures, including anaerobic susceptibility testing (ast), and has published documents for ast. the standardization of testing methods by the clsi allows comparisons of resistance trends among various laboratories. susceptibility testing should be performed on organisms recovered fr ... | 2013 | 23824372 |
| the first engagement of partners in the euprymna scolopes-vibrio fischeri symbiosis is a two-step process initiated by a few environmental symbiont cells. | we studied the euprymna scolopes-vibrio fischeri symbiosis to characterize, in vivo and in real time, the transition between the bacterial partner's free-living and symbiotic life styles. previous studies using high inocula demonstrated that environmental v. fischeri cells aggregate during a 3 h period in host-shed mucus along the light organ's superficial ciliated epithelia. under lower inoculum conditions, similar to the levels of symbiont cells in the environment, this interaction induces hae ... | 2013 | 23819708 |
| role of the zinc uptake abc transporter of moraxella catarrhalis in persistence in the respiratory tract. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human respiratory tract pathogen that causes otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. we have identified and characterized a zinc uptake abc transporter that is present in all strains of m. catarrhalis tested. a mutant in which the znu gene cluster is knocked out shows markedly impaired growth compared to the wild type in medium that contains trace zinc; growth is restored to wild-type levels ... | 2013 | 23817618 |
| the incidence and aetiology of hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia among vietnamese adults: a prospective surveillance in central vietnam. | lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) including community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common infectious disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the patterns of aetiological pathogens differ by region and country. special attention must be paid to cap in southeast asia (sea), a region facing rapid demographic transition. estimates burden and aetiological patterns of cap are essential for the clinical and public health management. the purposes of the study are to ... | 2013 | 23815298 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activities of n-substituted-glycinyl 1h-1,2,3-triazolyl oxazolidinones. | a series of 1h-1,2,3-triazolyl piperazino oxazolidinone analogs with optionally varied glycinyl substitutions were synthesized and their antibacterial activity assessed against a panel of susceptible and resistant gram-positive and selected gram-negative bacteria including clinical isolates. the n-aroyl- and n-heteroaroyl-glycinyl (mic: 0.06-4 μg/ml) derivatives were more potent than the n-acylglycinyl (2-8 μg/ml) derivatives against all gram-positive bacteria tested. nitro substitution on aryl ... | 2013 | 23811087 |
| bacteria in the nose of young adults during wellness and rhinovirus colds: detection by culture and microarray methods in 100 nasal lavage specimens. | patients with viral respiratory infections/viral rhinitis/common colds are often treated with antibiotic; however, there is little information on whether or how bacterial microbiota in the nose and nasopharynx might influence the course of viral illnesses. | 2013 | 23801660 |
| ceftaroline fosamil: a review of its use in the treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia. | ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil (zinforo, teflaro), is an advanced-generation, parenteral cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and multidrug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and gram-negative bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, but not pseudomonas aeruginosa. ceftaroline has demonstrated a low potential ... | 2013 | 23801418 |
| design and formulation technique of a novel drug delivery system for azithromycin and its anti-bacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus. | azithromycin, an important member of the azalide subclass is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. certain physicochemical properties of the drug like poor water solubility and relatively low bioavailability of 37% due to incomplete absorption after ingestion, aroused the need for the development of a novel drug delivery system to enhance the solubilization potential and antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus at a very low concentration. cinnamon oil (ci ... | 2013 | 23800858 |
| respiratory infections in eñepa amerindians are related to malnutrition and streptococcus pneumoniae carriage. | high acute respiratory tract infection (arti) rates are observed in indigenous populations. we assessed the role of viral infections and nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in artis in eñepa amerindians from venezuela. | 2013 | 23796866 |
| spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of common pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mainland of china. | bacteria-induced respiratory infection has been long considered to be the major cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd). therefore, a clear picture about the distribution and drug-resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the lower airways should be helpful for treatment of the disease. so far, data on this topic among chinese are lacking. | 2013 | 23786927 |
| moraxella catarrhalis uses a twin-arginine translocation system to secrete the β-lactamase bro-2. | moraxella catarrhalis is a human-specific gram-negative bacterium readily isolated from the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. the organism also causes significant health problems, including 15-20% of otitis media cases in children and ~10% of respiratory infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. the lack of an efficacious vaccine, the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates, and high carriage rates reported in children are cause for concern. v ... | 2013 | 23782650 |
| analysis of cftr gene variants in idiopathic bronchiectasis in serbian children. | this study has investigated a potential role of common cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene variants in the etiology of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in serbian children. the study has encompassed 48 patients (19 male and 29 female, aged between 5 and 18 years, median age 10.6±3.3), diagnosed with idiopathic bronchiectasis based on high-resolution computed tomography of thorax and pathologic examination of lobectomy materials. the cftr gene analysis was performed o ... | 2013 | 23781395 |
| dexmedetomidine infusion associated with transient adrenal insufficiency in a pediatric patient: a case report. | dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α 2-adrenoceptor agonist used for sedation due to its anxiolytic and analgesic properties without respiratory compromise. due to its structural similarity to etomidate, there has been concern that dexmedetomidine may cause adrenal insufficiency. this concern was initially supported by animal studies, but subsequent human studies demonstrated mixed results. we describe the case of transient adrenal insufficiency in a 1-year-old male who presented with 24% tot ... | 2013 | 23762715 |
| rhinosinusitis in children. | rhinosinusitis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of nose and paranasal sinus(es). 5-13% of upper respiratory tract infections in children complicate into acute rhinosinusitis. though not life threatening, it profoundly affects child's school performance and sleep pattern. if untreated, it could progress to chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). the pathogens involved in perpetuation of crs consist of multidrug-resistant mixed microflora. crs is challenging to manage and could further extend to ... | 2012 | 23762621 |
| the microbiology of tonsils in khamis civil hospital, saudi arabia. | objectives. tonsillitis is a common infection in all age groups, especially under the age of five. organisms causing this condition vary from place to place. our aim is to find out the main causative agents of this condition in our hospital. patients and methods. fifty-two consenting patients who needed tonsillectomy in khamis civil hospital, kingdom of saudi arabia, between september 2006 and april 2007, were enrolled for the study. swabs were taken from their inner surfaces and cultured for an ... | 2012 | 23762620 |
| broad-spectrum biosensor capable of detecting and identifying diverse bacterial and candida species in blood. | we describe an assay which uses broad-spectrum, conserved-site pcr paired with mass spectrometry analysis of amplicons (pcr/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry [esi-ms]) to detect and identify diverse bacterial and candida species in uncultured specimens. the performance of the assay was characterized using whole-blood samples spiked with low titers of 64 bacterial species and 6 candida species representing the breadth of coverage of the assay. the assay had an average limit of detection o ... | 2013 | 23761152 |
| a cost effective real-time pcr for the detection of adenovirus from viral swabs. | compared to traditional testing strategies, nucleic acid amplification tests such as real-time pcr offer many advantages for the detection of human adenoviruses. however, commercial assays are expensive and cost prohibitive for many clinical laboratories. to overcome fiscal challenges, a cost effective strategy was developed using a combination of homogenization and heat treatment with an "in-house" real-time pcr. in 196 swabs submitted for adenovirus detection, this crude extraction method show ... | 2013 | 23758993 |
| phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptional characterization of streptococcus pneumoniae interacting with human pharyngeal cells. | streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of effective pneumococcal vaccines. understanding the molecular interactions between the bacterium and the host will contribute to the control and prevention of pneumococcal disease. | 2013 | 23758733 |
| clinical manifestations and microbiology of acute otitis media with spontaneous otorrhea in children. | in taiwan, clinical and microbiological data on acute otitis media (aom) with spontaneous otorrhea in children are limited. | 2013 | 23757372 |
| microbiology of bacteria causing recurrent acute otitis media (aom) and aom treatment failure in young children in spain: shifting pathogens in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccination era. | to prospectively identify the bacterial aetiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of problematic (recurrent and treatment failure) acute otitis media in spanish children several years after the introduction of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | 2013 | 23746414 |
| transcriptional adaptation of pneumococci and human pharyngeal cells in the presence of a virus infection. | viral upper respiratory tract infections are associated with increased colonization by streptococcus pneumoniae but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are unclear. the objective of this study is to describe a comprehensive picture of the cellular interaction between the adhering bacteria and host cells in the presence or absence of a viral co-infection. | 2013 | 23742656 |
| rapid 16s rrna next-generation sequencing of polymicrobial clinical samples for diagnosis of complex bacterial infections. | classifying individual bacterial species comprising complex, polymicrobial patient specimens remains a challenge for culture-based and molecular microbiology techniques in common clinical use. we therefore adapted practices from metagenomics research to rapidly catalog the bacterial composition of clinical specimens directly from patients, without need for prior culture. we have combined a semiconductor deep sequencing protocol that produces reads spanning 16s ribosomal rna gene variable regions ... | 2013 | 23734239 |
| neisseria gonorrhoeae-derived heptose elicits an innate immune response and drives hiv-1 expression. | clinical and epidemiological synergy exists between the globally important sexually transmitted infections, gonorrhea and hiv. neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, is particularly adept at driving hiv-1 expression, but the molecular determinants of this relationship remain undefined. n. gonorrhoeae liberates a soluble factor that potently induces expression from the hiv-1 ltr in coinfected cluster of differentiation 4-positive (cd4(+)) t lymphocytes, but this factor is not a previously ... | 2013 | 23733950 |
| the rna chaperone hfq promotes fitness of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during porcine pleuropneumonia. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, an economically important disease of pigs. the hfq gene in a. pleuropneumoniae, encoding the rna chaperone and posttranscriptional regulator hfq, is upregulated during infection of porcine lungs. to investigate the role of this in vivo-induced gene in a. pleuropneumoniae, an hfq mutant strain was constructed. the hfq mutant was defective in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. the level of pgac transcript, enc ... | 2013 | 23732171 |
| assessment of some inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of outcome of acute respiratory failure on top of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and evaluation of the role of bacteria. | objective. to study the value of the inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (il-6), interleukin-8 (il-8), and c-reactive protein (crp)) in predicting the outcome of noninvasive ventilation (niv) in the management of acute respiratory failure (arf) on top of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and the role of bacteria in the systemic inflammation. methods. thirty three patients were subjected to standard treatment plus niv, and accordingly, they were classified into responders and nonrespon ... | 2012 | 23724320 |
| characterization of a trifunctional glucosyltransferase essential for moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharide assembly. | the human respiratory tract pathogen moraxella catarrhalis expresses lipooligosaccharides (los), glycolipid surface moieties that are associated with enhanced colonization and virulence. recent studies have delineated the major steps required for the biosynthesis and assembly of the m. catarrhalis los molecule. we previously demonstrated that the glucosyltransferase enzyme lgt3 is responsible for the addition of at least one glucose (glc) molecule, at the β-(1-4) position, to the inner core of t ... | 2013 | 23720461 |
| asthma microbiome studies and the potential for new therapeutic strategies. | recent applications of culture-independent tools for microbiome profiling have revealed significant relationships between asthma and microbiota associated with the environment, gut, or airways. studies of the airway microbiome in particular represent a new frontier in pulmonary research. although these studies are relatively new, current evidence suggests the possibility of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment or prevention of asthma. in this article, recent literature on microbiota and ... | 2013 | 23709178 |
| signs and symptoms that differentiate acute sinusitis from viral upper respiratory tract infection. | differentiating acute bacterial sinusitis from viral upper respiratory tract infection (uri) is challenging; 20% to 40% of children diagnosed with acute sinusitis based on clinical criteria likely have an uncomplicated uri. the objective of this study was to determine which signs and symptoms could be used to identify the subgroup of children who meet current clinical criteria for sinusitis but who nevertheless have a viral uri. | 2013 | 23694838 |
| prevention of respiratory tract infections with bacterial lysate om-85 bronchomunal in children and adults: a state of the art. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are a leading cause of morbidity and also represent a cause of death in some parts of the world. the treatment of rtis implies a continuous search for stronger therapies and represents an economical burden for health services and society. in this context the prevention of infections is absolutely required. the use of bacterial lysates as immuno-modulators to boost immunological response is widely debated. aim of this review is to summarize the main clinical st ... | 2013 | 23692890 |
| bronchoscopy-derived correlates of lung injury following inhalational injuries: a prospective observational study. | acute lung injury (ali) is a major factor determining morbidity following burns and inhalational injury. in experimental models, factors potentially contributing to ali risk include inhalation of toxins directly causing cell damage; inflammation; and infection. however, few studies have been done in humans. | 2013 | 23691180 |
| carriage of mycoplasma pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic children: an observational study. | mycoplasma pneumoniae is thought to be a common cause of respiratory tract infections (rtis) in children. the diagnosis of m. pneumoniae rtis currently relies on serological methods and/or the detection of bacterial dna in the upper respiratory tract (urt). it is conceivable, however, that these diagnostic methods also yield positive results if m. pneumoniae is carried asymptomatically in the urt. positive results from these tests may therefore not always be indicative of a symptomatic infection ... | 2013 | 23690754 |
| rapid single cell detection of staphylococcus aureus by aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles. | staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens, causing more than 500,000 infections in the united states each year. traditional methods for bacterial culture and identification take several days, wasting precious time for patients who are suffering severe bacterial infections. numerous nucleic acid-based detection methods have been introduced to address this deficiency; however, the costs and requirement for expensive equipment may limit the widespread use of such technologi ... | 2013 | 23689505 |
| antimicrobial activity of prulifloxacin in comparison with other fluoroquinolones against community-acquired urinary and respiratory pathogens isolated in greece. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone rather recently introduced in certain european countries. we compared the antimicrobial potency of ulifloxacin with that of other fluoroquinolones against common urinary and respiratory bacterial pathogens. the microbial isolates were prospectively collected between january 2007 and may 2008 from patients with community-acquired infections in greece. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined for ciprofl ... | 2013 | 23686506 |
| inhaled, dual release liposomal ciprofloxacin in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (orbit-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | the delivery of antipseudomonal antibiotics by inhalation to pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected subjects with non-cystic fibrosis (cf) bronchiectasis is a logical extension of treatment strategies successfully developed in cf bronchiectasis. dual release ciprofloxacin for inhalation (drcfi) contains liposomal ciprofloxacin, formulated to optimise airway antibiotic delivery. | 2013 | 23681906 |
| comparison of restriction enzymes for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of moraxella catarrhalis. | noti, the most prevalent restriction enzyme used for typing moraxella catarrhalis, failed to digest genomic dna from respiratory samples. an improved pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) methodology determined spei as the best choice for typing this bacterial species, with a good restriction of clinical samples and a good clustering correlation with noti. | 2013 | 23678064 |
| comprehensive antigen screening identifies moraxella catarrhalis proteins that induce protection in a mouse pulmonary clearance model. | moraxella catarrhalis is one of the three most common causative bacterial pathogens of otitis media, however no effective vaccine against m. catarrhalis has been developed so far. to identify m. catarrhalis vaccine candidate antigens, we used carefully selected sera from children with otitis media and healthy individuals to screen small-fragment genomic libraries that are expressed to display frame-selected peptides on a bacterial cell surface. this antigenome technology led to the identificatio ... | 2013 | 23671716 |
| significance of anaerobes and oral bacteria in community-acquired pneumonia. | molecular biological modalities with better detection rates have been applied to identify the bacteria causing infectious diseases. approximately 10-48% of bacterial pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia are not identified using conventional cultivation methods. this study evaluated the bacteriological causes of community-acquired pneumonia using a cultivation-independent clone library analysis of the 16s ribosomal rna gene of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens, and compared the results w ... | 2013 | 23671659 |
| bacteremia and resistant gram-negative pathogens among under-fives in tanzania. | antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious public health concerns worldwide and is increasing at an alarming rate, making daily treatment decisions more challenging. this study is aimed at identifying local bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to avoid irrational antibiotic use, especially in settings where unguided management occurs and febrile illnesses are predominant. | 2013 | 23657136 |
| the microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis: culture, molecular diagnostics and biofilm detection. | bacteria and fungi are believed to influence mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). however their presence and relationship to disease is debated. this study used multiple detection methods to compare microbial diversity and microbial abundance in healthy and diseased sinonasal mucosa. the utility of contemporary detection methods is also examined. | 2013 | 23656607 |
| sensitization of staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and other antibiotics in vitro and in vivo in the presence of hamlet. | hamlet (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a protein-lipid complex from human milk with both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities. hamlet exerts a rather specific bactericidal activity against some respiratory pathogens, with highest activity against streptococcus pneumoniae, but lacks activity against most other bacterial pathogens, including staphylococci. still, ion transport associated with death in s. pneumoniae is also detected to a lower degree in insensitive organi ... | 2013 | 23650551 |
| rapid discrimination of haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae, and h. haemolyticus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and two matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) platforms. | due to considerable differences in pathogenicity, haemophilus influenzae, h. parainfluenzae and h. haemolyticus have to be reliably discriminated in routine diagnostics. retrospective analyses suggest frequent misidentifications of commensal h. haemolyticus as h. influenzae. in a multi-center approach, we assessed the suitability of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) for the identification of h ... | 2013 | 23646201 |
| dynamics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in the acute and subacute phase of legionnaires' disease. | absolute lymphocytopenia is recognised as an important hallmark of the immune response to severe infection and observed in patients with legionnaires' disease. to explore the immune response, we studied the dynamics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in the acute and subacute phase of ld. | 2013 | 23646123 |
| bacteriology of symptomatic adenoids in children. | children with adenoid hypertrophy have been shown to harbor pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx despite antibiotics. removal of the adenoid is associated with a reduction in the bacterial count. | 2013 | 23641372 |
| utility of blood culture in uncomplicated pneumonia in children. | it is believed to be the standard of care to obtain a blood culture in a child who is hospitalized for pneumonia. in recent years, many studies have questioned the utility of this practice in the presence of age appropriate immunization. we conducted this study to determine the current prevalence of bacteremia in children with uncomplicated pneumonia and the utility of obtaining blood cultures in these children. | 2013 | 23641172 |
| characterization and functional analysis of aatb, a novel autotransporter adhesin and virulence factor of avian pathogenic escherichia coli. | autotransporter (at) proteins constitute a large family of extracellular proteins that contribute to bacterial virulence. a novel at adhesin gene, aatb, was identified in avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) de205b via genomic analyses. the open reading frame of aatb was 1,017 bp, encoding a putative 36.3-kda protein which contained structural motifs characteristic for at proteins: a signal peptide, a passenger domain, and a translocator domain. the predicted three-dimensional structure of a ... | 2013 | 23630958 |
| innate recognition by neutrophil granulocytes differs between neisseria gonorrhoeae strains causing local or disseminating infections. | members of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (ceacam) family serve as cellular receptors for neisseria gonorrhoeae. more specifically, neisserial colony opacity (opacea)) proteins bind to epithelial ceacams (ceacam1, cea, ceacam6) to promote bacterial colonization of the mucosa. in contrast, recognition by ceacam3, expressed by human granulocytes, results in uptake and destruction of opa(cea)-expressing bacteria. therefore, ceacam3-mediated uptake might limit the spread ... | 2013 | 23630956 |
| differential virulence gene expression of group a streptococcus serotype m3 in response to co-culture with moraxella catarrhalis. | streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptococcus, gas) and moraxella catarrhalis are important colonizers and (opportunistic) pathogens of the human respiratory tract. however, current knowledge regarding colonization and pathogenic potential of these two pathogens is based on work involving single bacterial species, even though the interplay between respiratory bacterial species is increasingly important in niche occupation and the development of disease. therefore, to further define and understan ... | 2013 | 23626831 |
| stress-induced outer membrane vesicle production by pseudomonas aeruginosa. | as an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen, pseudomonas aeruginosa must be able to adapt and survive changes and stressors in its environment during the course of infection. to aid survival in the hostile host environment, p. aeruginosa has evolved defense mechanisms, including the production of an exopolysaccharide capsule and the secretion of a myriad of degradative proteases and lipases. the production of outer membrane-derived vesicles (omvs) serves as a secretion mechanism for virulence fac ... | 2013 | 23625841 |
| asthma and the host-microbe interaction. | 2013 | 23622122 | |
| pili play an important role in enhancing the bacterial clearance from the middle ear in a mouse model of acute otitis media with moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram-negative aerobic diplococcus that is currently the third most frequent cause of bacterial acute otitis media (aom) in children. in this study, we developed an experimental murine aom model by inoculating m. catarrhalis in the middle ear bulla and studied the local response to this inoculation, and modulation of its course by the pili of m. catarrhalis. the pili-positive and pili-negative m. catarrhalis showed differences in bacterial clearance and infiltration of ... | 2013 | 23620157 |
| tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide and n-benzyl-6',7'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,4'-thieno[3,2-c]pyran] analogues with bactericidal efficacy against mycobacterium tuberculosis targeting mmpl3. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major human pathogen and the causative agent for the pulmonary disease, tuberculosis (tb). current treatment programs to combat tb are under threat due to the emergence of multi-drug and extensively-drug resistant tb. as part of our efforts towards the discovery of new anti-tubercular leads, a number of potent tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (thpp) and n-benzyl-6',7'-dihydrospiro[piperidine-4,4'-thieno[3,2-c]pyran] (spiro) analogues were recently ... | 2013 | 23613759 |
| inhalation of a dry powder ciprofloxacin formulation in healthy subjects: a phase i study. | oral and intravenous formulations of ciprofloxacin have established efficacy and safety profiles in respiratory infections. a dry powder for inhalation (dpi) that uses novartis' pulmosphere™ technology has been developed to deliver high concentrations of ciprofloxacin to the lung with low systemic exposure using a portable and convenient passive dry powder inhaler (novartis' t-326 inhaler). | 2013 | 23605507 |
| the choline-binding protein pspc of streptococcus pneumoniae interacts with the c-terminal heparin-binding domain of vitronectin. | adherence of streptococcus pneumoniae is directly mediated by interactions of adhesins with eukaryotic cellular receptors or indirectly by exploiting matrix and serum proteins as molecular bridges. pneumococci engage vitronectin, the human adhesive glycoprotein and complement inhibitor, to facilitate attachment to epithelial cells of the mucosal cavity, thereby modulating host cell signaling. in this study, we identified pspc as a vitronectin-binding protein interacting with the c-terminal hepar ... | 2013 | 23603906 |
| aetiology of paediatric pneumonia after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. | we describe the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children before and after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (pcv) programme in 2006. prospective studies were conducted in 2001-2002 (pre-vaccine) and 2009-2011 (post-vaccine) of children aged 0-16 years with radiologically confirmed pneumonia seen in hospital. investigations included culture, serology, immunofluorescence antibody and urine antigen testing, with an increased use of pcr assays and expanded panel ... | 2013 | 23598951 |
| detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by a duplex droplet digital pcr assay. | health care-associated infections with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) contribute to significant hospitalization costs. we report here a droplet digital pcr (ddpcr) assay, which is a next-generation emulsion-based endpoint pcr assay for high-precision mrsa analysis. reference cultures of mrsa, methicillin-susceptible s. aureus (mssa), and confounders were included as controls. copan swabs were used to sample cultures and collect specimens for analysis from patients at a large ... | 2013 | 23596244 |
| potential role of tedizolid phosphate in the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections. | tedizolid phosphate (tr-701), a prodrug of tedizolid (tr-700), is a next-generation oxazolidinone that has shown favorable results in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections in its first phase iii clinical trial. tedizolid has high bioavailability, penetration, and tissue distribution when administered orally or intravenously. the activity of tedizolid was greater than linezolid against strains of staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., and enterococcus spp. in vitro ... | 2013 | 23589680 |
| penicillin failure in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngo-tonsillitis. | the inadequate penetration of penicillins into the tonsillar tissues and tonsillar surface fluid and microbiologic interactions between group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) and other pharyngo-tonsillar bacterial flora can account for their failure in eradicating gabhs pharyngo-tonsillitis (pt). these interactions include the presence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria (blpb) that "shield" gabhs from penicillins, the absence of bacteria that interfere with the growth of gabhs, and the co ... | 2013 | 23588893 |
| lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology. | periodontal diseases are initiated by bacterial species living in polymicrobial biofilms at or below the gingival margin and progress largely as a result of the inflammation elicited by specific subgingival species. in the past few decades, efforts to understand the periodontal microbiota have led to an exponential increase in information about biofilms associated with periodontal health and disease. in fact, the oral microbiota is one of the best-characterized microbiomes that colonize the huma ... | 2013 | 23574465 |
| effect of pasteurization temperature on quality of aonla juice during storage. | a study was carried out to detect the changes in colour and quality attributes of aonla juice during storage after pasteurization at different temperatures. after extracting juice from aonla cv. chakaiya, it was pasteurized at five different temperatures and preserved with 500 ppm so2 in pet bottles under ambient conditions. juice was periodically analysed for colour and chemical characters up to 9 months of storage. though the contents of ascorbic acid and polyphenols in juice decreased with in ... | 2011 | 23572745 |
| moraxella catarrhalis peritonitis. | peritonitis continues to be a major complication of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients. recent advances in connectology and better patient training have decreased the incidence of peritonitis in the last two decades. peritonitis in pd patients is usually due to gram positive and less often due to gram negative organisms. herein we report a case of peritonitis due to moraxella catarrhalis and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this rare cause of peritonitis. | 2012 | 23569477 |
| [microbial structure of acute bacterial conjunctivitis]. | microbiological investigation of 124 patients with acute conjunctivitis which were treated in one of tbilisi policlinics in 2010-12 years, was performed; microbial structure containing 124 microbial strains of different species was detected. namely, following species of microorganisms were isolated: s. aureus - 35 strains (28,2%), str. pneumoniae - 10 strains (8,1%), s. epidermidis - 6 strains (4,8%), ps. aeruginosa - 24 strains (19,4%), moraxella catarrhalis - 21 strains (16,9%), haemophilus in ... | 2013 | 23567301 |
| nationwide survey of the development of drug-resistant pathogens in the pediatric field in 2007 and 2010: drug sensitivity of streptococcus pneumoniae in japan (second report). | we previously conducted nationwide surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae in 2000-2001 (period 1) and 2004 (period 2) and reported the findings. subsequent surveillance surveys conducted in 2007 (period 3) and 2010 (period 4) are now reported. bacterial strains were clinically isolated from children with meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory tract infections at 27 hospitals participating in the drug-resistant pathogen surveillance group in pediatric infectious disease. twenty-one drugs were inve ... | 2013 | 23564331 |
| microbiological diagnosis and antibiotic therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and acute copd exacerbation in daily clinical practice: comparison to current guidelines. | the aim of this secondary analysis was to evaluate current microbiological approaches, microbiology, and antibiotic therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) in clinical practice and to compare them with current international guidelines. | 2013 | 23564195 |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | the global prevalence of physiologically defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) in adults aged >40 yr is approximately 9-10 per cent. recently, the indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults had shown that the overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis in adults >35 yr is 3.49 per cent. the development of copd is multifactorial and the risk factors of copd include genetic and environmental factors. pathological changes in copd are ob ... | 2013 | 23563369 |
| potential use of atlantic cod trypsin in biomedicine. | surface proteins of viruses and bacteria used for cell attachment and invasion are candidates for degradation by proteases. trypsin from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) was previously demonstrated to have efficacy against influenza viruses in vitro and on skin. in this paper, cod trypsin is shown to be 3-12 times more effective in degrading large native proteins than its mesophilic analogue, bovine trypsin. this is in agreement with previous findings where cod trypsin was found to be the most active ... | 2013 | 23555095 |
| analytical evaluation of genexpert ct/ng, the first genetic point-of-care assay for simultaneous detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis. | genexpert ct/ng was evaluated with 372 characterized bacterial strains. sensitivity of 10 genome copies/reaction was obtained for both agents. four neisseria mucosa and two neisseria subflava isolates were positive for one of two gonococcal targets; however, the assay flagged all as negative. the assay was analytically highly sensitive and specific. | 2013 | 23554203 |
| conjunctivitis due to neisseria sicca: a case report. | we report the first case, in medline-based literature, of conjunctivitis caused by gram negative diplococcus, neisseria sicca. although it is not widely accepted as such, isolation from cultures of repeated eye swab samples suggests that n. sicca may be a pathogen in conjunctival infections. positive culture for this organism should not be readily dismissed. such conjunctivitis responded favorably to treatment with netilmicin eye drops. | 2014 | 23552355 |
| lower respiratory tract infections (ltris): an insight into the prevalence and the antibiogram of the gram negative, respiratory, bacterial agents. | community acquired respiratory tract infections are one of the commonest health issues globally, which demand frequent visits to the family practitioners. the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the frequently isolated pathogens has complicated the use of the empiric therapy with traditional agents. | 2013 | 23543819 |
| a critical role for the ccca gene product, cytochrome c2, in diverting electrons from aerobic respiration to denitrification in neisseria gonorrhoeae. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is a microaerophile that, when oxygen availability is limited, supplements aerobic respiration with a truncated denitrification pathway, nitrite reduction to nitrous oxide. we demonstrate that the ccca gene of neisseria gonorrhoeae strain f62 (accession number ng0292) is expressed, but the product, cytochrome c2, accumulates to only low levels. nevertheless, a ccca mutant reduced nitrite at about half the rate of the parent strain. we previously reported that cytochromes c4 ... | 2013 | 23543713 |
| nonantibiotic macrolides prevent human neutrophil elastase-induced mucus stasis and airway surface liquid volume depletion. | mucus clearance is an important component of the lung's innate defense system. a failure of this system brought on by mucus dehydration is common to both cystic fibrosis (cf) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). mucus clearance rates are regulated by the volume of airway surface liquid (asl) and by ciliary beat frequency (cbf). chronic treatment with macrolide antibiotics is known to be beneficial to both cf and copd patients. however, chronic macrolide usage may induce bacterial re ... | 2013 | 23542952 |
| b-lymphocyte lineage cells and the respiratory system. | adaptive humoral immune responses in the airways are mediated by b cells and plasma cells that express highly evolved and specific receptors and produce immunoglobulins of most isotypes. in some cases, such as autoimmune diseases or inflammatory diseases caused by excessive exposure to foreign antigens, these same immune cells can cause disease by virtue of overly vigorous responses. this review discusses the generation, differentiation, signaling, activation, and recruitment pathways of b cells ... | 2013 | 23540615 |
| genetic and functional evidence for a role for slc11a1 in susceptibility to otitis media in early childhood in a western australian population. | otitis media (om) is a common disease in early childhood characterised by inflammation of the middle ear. susceptibility to recurrent acute om (raom; ≥3 episodes aom in 6 months) and chronic om with effusion (come; middle ear effusion ≥3 months) is 40-70% heritable. three bacterial pathogens commonly associated with om, streptococcus pneumoniae (sp), non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis (mc), have been observed within adenoids and as facultative intracellular path ... | 2013 | 23538334 |
| some pneumococcal serotypes are more frequently associated with relapses of acute exacerbations in copd patients. | to analyze the role of the capsular type in pneumococci causing relapse and reinfection episodes of acute exacerbation in copd patients. | 2013 | 23536850 |
| panel 6: vaccines. | to update progress on the effectiveness of vaccine for prevention of acute otitis media (aom) and identification of promising candidate antigens against streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | 2013 | 23536534 |
| panel 5: microbiology and immunology panel. | the objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature from january 2007 through june 2011 on the virology, bacteriology, and immunology related to otitis media. | 2013 | 23536533 |
| panel 4: recent advances in otitis media in molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and animal models. | otitis media (om) is the most common childhood bacterial infection and also the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in children. currently, there is an urgent need for developing novel therapeutic agents for treating om based on full understanding of molecular pathogenesis in the areas of molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and animal model studies in om. | 2013 | 23536532 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents tested against bacterial isolates causing skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired respiratory tract infections isolated from the asia-pacific region and south africa (2010). | ceftaroline, the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil, is a cephalosporin with in vitro bactericidal activity against resistant gram-positive organisms including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and multidrug-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, and common gram-negative organisms, including wild-type enterobacteriaceae. we evaluated the in vitro activity of ceftaroline and selected comparator agents against bacterial isolates collected from patients wi ... | 2013 | 23535208 |
| topographic distribution of biofilm-producing bacteria in adenoid subsites of children with chronic or recurrent middle ear infections. | bacterial biofilms have been found in the adenoids of children with recurrent acute otitis media (aom) and persistent otitis media with effusion (ome). however, the possible difference in biofilm-producing bacteria (bpbs) between the adenoid surface at the nasopharyngeal dome (nd) and near the ostium of the eustachian tube (et) has not been investigated. this study aimed to assess the difference in bpbs between adenoid biopsy specimens of the nd and those taken near the pharyngeal ostium of the ... | 2013 | 23534125 |
| population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitafloxacin in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | an optimal dosage regimen of sitafloxacin was considered based on a pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (pk-pd) analysis in patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rti). a population pharmacokinetic analysis of sitafloxacin was conducted using clinical data of five clinical pharmacology studies and one clinical pk-pd study in patients with rtis. the pharmacokinetic parameters in individual patients were estimated by the bayesian method to examine any correlation between ... | 2013 | 23529500 |
| pneumococcal acute otitis media in infants and children in central romania, 2009-2011: microbiological characteristics and potential coverage by pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. | to assess the epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of pneumococcal acute otitis media (aom) in children in brasov, central romania, before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv) into the routine national immunization program. | 2013 | 23522635 |
| secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (sesi-ms) breathprinting of multiple bacterial lung pathogens, a mouse model study. | bacterial pneumonia is one of the leading causes of disease-related morbidity and mortality in the world, in part because the diagnostic tools for pneumonia are slow and ineffective. to improve the diagnosis success rates and treatment outcomes for bacterial lung infections, we are exploring the use of secondary electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (sesi-ms) breath analysis as a rapid, noninvasive method for determining the etiology of lung infections in situ. using a murine lung infection ... | 2013 | 23519230 |
| randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 2 study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral solithromycin (cem-101) to those of oral levofloxacin in the treatment of patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. | solithromycin, a new macrolide, and the first fluoroketolide in clinical development, with activity against macrolide-resistant bacteria, was tested in 132 patients with moderate to moderately severe community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp) in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized phase 2 study. patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to either 800 mg solithromycin orally (po) on day 1, followed by 400 mg po daily on days 2 to 5, or 750 mg levofloxacin po daily on days 1 to 5. efficac ... | 2013 | 23507282 |
| il-1β promotes corneal epithelial cell migration by increasing mmp-9 expression through nf-κb- and ap-1-dependent pathways. | interleukin-1β (il-1β) plays a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of eye diseases. the implication of il-1β in inflammatory responses has been shown to be mediated through up-regulation of inflammatory genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9). however, the detailed mechanisms of il-1β-induced mmp-9 expression in statens seruminstitut rabbit corneal cells (sircs) are largely unclear. here, we demonstrated that in sircs, il-1β induced mmp-9 promoter activity and mrna expression assoc ... | 2013 | 23505448 |
| diagnostic value of symptoms and laboratory data for pertussis in adolescent and adult patients. | several symptoms are classically thought to be suggestive of pertussis in children, but the diagnostic value of these symptoms in adolescent and adult patients is unclear. we evaluated the accuracy of the clinical findings for the early presumptive diagnosis of pertussis in adolescent and adult patients. furthermore, we measured fractional exhaled nitric oxide (feno) with regard to whether we could distinguish eosinophilic inflammation of the airway and pertussis. feno is not expected to be asso ... | 2013 | 23496900 |
| μhall chip for sensitive detection of bacteria. | sensitive, rapid and phenotype-specific enumeration of pathogens is essential for the diagnosis of infectious disease, monitoring of food chains, and for defense against bioterrorism. microbiological culture and genotyping, techniques that sensitively and selectively detect bacteria in laboratory settings, have limited application in clinical environments due to high cost, slow response times, and the need for specially trained staff and laboratory infrastructure. to address these challenges, we ... | 2013 | 23495188 |
| [the comparative evaluation of informativity of methods of etiologic diagnostics of community-acquired pneumonia]. | the article deals with the results of selection and testing of oligonucleotide primers to gene 16s prn4 of a number of agents of community'-acquired pneumonia (streptococcus pneumoniae. haemorhilus influenzae. moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumonia. pseudomonas aeruginosa. staphyiococcus aureus) for their highly specified detection in clinical material on application of polymerase chain reaction. the comparison with bacteriological method (golden standard) is used to demonstrate the high se ... | 2012 | 23479972 |
| plasmid diversity in arctic strains of psychrobacter spp. | six strains of psychrobacter spp. isolated from guano of little auks collected on spitsbergen island (arctic) carried nine plasmids that were fully sequenced. these replicons (ranging in size from 2917 to 14924 bp) contained either repa (cole2-type) or repb (iteron-type) replication systems of a relatively narrow host range, limited to psychrobacter spp. all but one of the plasmids carried predicted mobilization for conjugal transfer systems, encoding relaxases of the mobq, mobv or mobp families ... | 2013 | 23479249 |
| comparative analysis of the antibacterial activity of a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor, gsk1322322. | gsk1322322 is a novel peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitor being developed for the intravenous and oral treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. the activity of gsk1322322 was tested against a global collection of clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae (n = 2,370), moraxella catarrhalis (n = 115), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 947), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 617), and staphylococcus aureus (n = 940), includ ... | 2013 | 23478958 |
| late acyltransferase genes lpxx and lpxl jointly contribute to the biological activities of moraxella catarrhalis. | lipo-oligosaccharide (los) is a major surface component and virulence factor of the human respiratory pathogen moraxella catarrhalis. two late acyltransferase genes, lpxx and lpxl, have been identified involved in the incorporation of acyloxyacyl-linked secondary acyl chains into lipid a during m. catarrhalis los biosynthesis. in this study, a double mutant with a deletion of both the lpxx and lpxl genes in m. catarrhalis strain o35e was constructed and named o35elpxxl. structural analysis of li ... | 2013 | 23475908 |
| impact of sequence diversity in the moraxella catarrhalis uspa2/uspa2h head domain on vitronectin binding and antigenic variation. | the nasopharyngeal pathogen moraxella catarrhalis recruits vitronectin to subvert complement-mediated killing. ubiquitous surface protein (uspa) 2 and its hybrid form uspa2h bind vitronectin at the highly diverse n-terminal head domain. here we characterized the sequence diversity of the head domain in multiple m. catarrhalis clinical isolates (n = 51) with focus on binding of vitronectin. the head domain of the uspa2 genes from 40 isolates were clustered according to an n-terminal sequence moti ... | 2013 | 23474333 |
| applications of pharmacometrics in the clinical development and pharmacotherapy of anti-infectives. | with the increased emergence of anti-infective resistance in recent years, much focus has recently been drawn to the development of new anti-infectives and the optimization of treatment regimens and combination therapies for established antimicrobials. in this context, the field of pharmacometrics using quantitative numerical modeling and simulation techniques has in recent years emerged as an invaluable tool in the pharmaceutical industry, academia and regulatory agencies to facilitate the inte ... | 2013 | 23473593 |
| association of rnas with bacillus subtilis hfq. | the prevalence and characteristics of small regulatory rnas (srnas) have not been well characterized for bacillus subtilis, an important model system for gram-positive bacteria. however, b. subtilis was recently found to synthesize many candidate srnas during stationary phase. in the current study, we performed deep sequencing on hfq-associated rnas and found that a small subset of srnas associates with hfq, an enigmatic rna-binding protein that stabilizes srnas in gram-negatives, but whose role ... | 2013 | 23457461 |
| transmigration of polymorphnuclear neutrophils and monocytes through the human blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier after bacterial infection in vitro. | bacterial invasion through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (bcsfb) during bacterial meningitis causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines followed by the recruitment of leukocytes into the cns. in this study, we analyzed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) and monocyte transepithelial transmigration (tm) across the bcsfb after bacterial infection. | 2013 | 23448224 |
| pcr-reverse blot hybridization assay for screening and identification of pathogens in sepsis. | rapid and accurate identification of the pathogens involved in bloodstream infections is crucial for the prompt initiation of appropriate therapy, as this can decrease morbidity and mortality rates. a pcr-reverse blot hybridization assay for sepsis, the reverse blot hybridization assay (reba) sepsis-id test, was developed; it uses pan-probes to distinguish gram-positive and -negative bacteria and fungi. in addition, the assay was designed to identify bacteria and fungi using six genus-specific a ... | 2013 | 23447637 |
| detection of multiple viral and bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot prospective study. | few studies have evaluated the contribution of multiple virus and bacterial infections in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. this study estimated the burden of multiple viral and bacterial respiratory infections in moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients that were prospectively followed-up during a 12-month pilot study. clinical data were collected monthly and sputum was collected at the time of each acute exacerbation event. classical cul ... | 2013 | 23447038 |
| biophysical model of bacterial cell interactions with nanopatterned cicada wing surfaces. | the nanopattern on the surface of clanger cicada (psaltoda claripennis) wings represents the first example of a new class of biomaterials that can kill bacteria on contact based solely on their physical surface structure. the wings provide a model for the development of novel functional surfaces that possess an increased resistance to bacterial contamination and infection. we propose a biophysical model of the interactions between bacterial cells and cicada wing surface structures, and show that ... | 2013 | 23442962 |
| efficacy of a marine bacterial nuclease against biofilm forming microorganisms isolated from chronic rhinosinusitis. | the persistent colonization of paranasal sinus mucosa by microbial biofilms is a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). control of microorganisms within biofilms is hampered by the presence of viscous extracellular polymers of host or microbial origin, including nucleic acids. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of extracellular dna in biofilm formation by bacteria associated with crs. | 2013 | 23441151 |
| selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence. | selective decontamination of the digestive tract has been proven to prevent severe infections and to reduce mortality in critically ill patients. historical arguments against its use, like the development of bacterial resistance and the absence of influence on mortality, have not been confirmed. recent clinical trials designed to evaluate these variables and meta-analyses showed remarkable reductions in the incidence of resistant bacteria and a significant beneficial effect on survival. this rev ... | 2012 | 23440328 |