Publications

incidence of hiv among injection drug users entering drug treatment programs in four us cities.	we estimated seroincidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and prevalence of risk behaviors among injection drug users (idus) who accepted voluntary hiv testing on entry to drug treatment. record-based incidence studies were conducted in 12 drug treatment programs in new york city (n = 890); newark, new jersey (n = 521); seattle, washington (n = 1,256); and los angeles, california (n = 733). records of confidential hiv tests were abstracted for information on demographics, drug use, and hi ...	2001	11368194
aging cohort of perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in new york city. new york city pediatric surveillance of disease consortium.	new york city (nyc) pediatricians are now caring for fewer hiv-infected infants and more school age children and adolescents than earlier in the epidemic.	2001	11368109
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human west nile virus surveillance--connecticut, new jersey, and new york, 2000.		2001	11368043
aids law: settlement reached in knox v. turner.	a settlement has been reached in knox v. turner, a case brought against the human resources administration (hra) by five individuals with hiv-related diseases and by city aids actions. the group filed suit to force hra to notify hiv rent enhancement recipients of their eligibility for division of aids services and income support (dasis). as part of the agreement, dasis will give written notification to eligible individuals about the benefits, which include intensive case management, medically ap ...	1998	11367491
the 718-aids coalition.	the 718-aids coalition represents more than 40 agencies providing aids services in the four outer boroughs of new york, where 70 percent of the city's aids cases are now diagnosed. the coalition is dissatisfied with the distribution of funding, and has written an open letter to health and human services secretary donna shalala. other groups are encouraged to endorse this letter and lobby the secretary to launch an investigation into the funding distribution.	1998	11367441
wife was not infected, so husband's aids fear was unreasonable.	the new york supreme court's appellate division upheld a lower court's dismissal of claims by a new york man seeking damages in a fear-of-aids claim. louis o'neill and almudena o'neill were married only fifteen months when mr. o'neill filed for divorce. he claimed his wife, whose first husband died of aids-related causes, was a potential carrier and sought damages for the intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress and fraud. his wife failed to tell him why her first husband died ...	1999	11367277
hiv transmission.	a presentation at the 39th interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy (icaac) noted that people with genital warts have significantly higher levels of semen viral load than those without warts. genital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (hpv) and are very common among the general population. higher levels of hiv in semen may expose partners of hiv-positive men with genital warts to a greater risk of becoming infected. another session presented statistics showing t ...	1999	11367261
lawyer must pay ex-client for filing misdiagnosis suit late.	a new york attorney must pay $400,000 for a legal malpractice claim in an hiv misdiagnosis lawsuit. the attorney failed to file either a misdiagnosis claim, or a late notice of claim, in the case of a man mistakenly told he was hiv-positive in a hospital error. the plaintiff was unable to sue the hospital because the suit was brought too late. the judge granted the plaintiff summary judgement for malpractice liability, and allowed a jury to decide the fraud claim. the attorney had embellished hi ...	1999	11367148
three states ready to approve bills on criminal exposure.	ohio, pennsylvania, and wisconsin are moving to pass bills to mandate felony punishments for deliberately exposing people to hiv. the bills are a direct response to the nushawn williams case; williams is a new york man who infected at least 13 girls and women in 1997. at least 30 states have imposed criminal penalties for knowingly exposing others to hiv through any means; 20 target sexual exposure and 12 address shared-needle exposures. legislative activity related to the bills in these states ...	1999	11367118
where is your rage?	a new round of activism is needed to address both new and old problems related to hiv/aids, problems such as access to treatment, confidential reporting, testing, funding, drug pricing, and government aid. despite the media message that a cure is on the horizon, a cure is actually a long way off, and not accessible to all. questions are raised about the future direction of the centers for disease control's (cdc) effort to require names reporting and about the lack of hiv educational material and ...	1998	11367100
new federal aids funding announced.	health and human services awarded $710 million in new grant money to increase primary care access for people with hiv/aids. the title ii ryan white comprehensive aids resource emergency act grants went to individual states, the district of columbia, and u.s. territories. the grants are calculated based on the number of people with aids in a given area, new york city receiving the largest grant, over $127 million. state aids drug assistance programs will also receive $461 million of the new fundi ...	1999	11366690
girl scouts settle complaints over reluctance to admit girl.	the girl scouts have settled a claim of discrimination made against new york's adirondack girl scout council and the national girl scouts organization for refusing admittance of a third-grader into the brownies because of her hiv infection. the settlement occurred without adjudication on the key point of whether volunteer-based organizations such as the girl scouts are places of public accommodation under the new york human rights act. the parties agreed that the adirondack council will revise i ...	1999	11366649
girl scouts face complaints over reluctance to admit girl.	a claim filed by the legal action center alleges that the girl scouts usa and the adirondack girl scout council discriminated against 8-year-old quashawn donovan by refusing to admit her because she has hiv. one complaint, filed in the new york state's division of human rights, alleged that the adirondack council denied the girl equal access based on new york's human rights law. a second complaint alleged that the girl scouts usa aided and abetted in the discrimination by not requiring the adiro ...	1999	11366636
downward departure made despite lack of aids diagnosis.	a senior u.s. district judge in new york provided early release to a man convicted of conspiring to traffic in cocaine because, the judge said, the prisoner's advanced hiv disease warranted a shortening of the sentence. while courts are allowed to make such judgments, they differ on what level of disease severity qualifies for leniency, occasionally creating conflicting decisions. the judge in this case cited scientific literature and court opinions on unjustified fears some prisoners have about ...	1999	11366634
court slashes damage award in dental discrimination case.	the new york state supreme court's appellate division reduced a damage award in an hiv discrimination suit against dentist daniel r. cerio. dr. cerio was accused of overcharging a patient for a routine cleaning, scheduling his appointments at the end of the day, and improperly draping surfaces in the room where the patient was treated. the dentist claimed the draping was necessary as a protective barrier. he said appointments were scheduled at the end of the day because they took longer. the new ...	1999	11366441
stray comment about aids leads to job bias trial.	a supervisor's comment that an employee's poor work attitude could be attributed to his aids diagnosis or medications led to a lawsuit for discrimination. the suit was filed by henry wallengren, who claims he was fired from his job at new york publisher, samuel french inc., because he has aids. wallengren disclosed his diagnosis when his supervisor, charles van nostrand, inquired about his frequent absences. van nostrand reportedly responded that the medical condition "could cost the company a l ...	1999	11366393
coburn presses hhs to enforce spousal notification law. department of health and human services.	representative tom coburn of oklahoma is demanding that the department of health and human services (hhs) investigate whether states are making good-faith efforts to comply with the spousal notification programs mandated by the ryan white care act amendments. coburn is threatening legal action to compel enforcement of the provision. when congress reauthorized the notification program in 1996, they added language that barred hhs from awarding grants to a state unless it attempted to notify spouse ...	1998	11365953
metabolic complications, growth hormone treatment: new studies planned.	new york's community research initiative on aids (cria) is beginning two studies of metabolic disorders associated with aids. the first, involving 30 patients, is a 3-month study on how protease inhibitors affect the ability to process sugar. the second study examines the safety and effectiveness of human growth hormone in treating abnormal fat redistribution. volunteers in the second study are not required to be on protease inhibitor treatment. enrollment information is included.	1998	11365594
security guard at smithsonian not protected by rehab act.	amador rivera, an hiv-positive security guard at the smithsonian institution, sued the institution and two supervisors, alleging they violated the rehabilitation act, title vii of the civil rights act, state and city human rights laws, and the federal tort claims act. rivera claims he was harassed by supervisors because of his hiv status and ethnicity, was refused time off for medical care, retaliated against due to prior complaints, and denied training opportunities because he is hiv-positive. ...	1998	11364956
lacking proof of exposure, plaintiff loses suit against hospital.	the new york state supreme court's appellate division upheld the dismissal of an aids phobia case brought by an undertaker, william lombardo, who cut his finger on hospital tubing while unwrapping the corpse of a man who died of aids-related causes. the corpse was delivered by the new york university medical center. lombardo, who never contracted hiv up to three years following the incident, filed a negligence suit claiming emotional distress. the hospital showed that the tubing left in the body ...	1997	11364875
court reverses finding of discrimination in dental practice.	a new york appeals court annulled a $25,000 damage award after concluding that there was insufficient proof to support a finding that dentists edward anker, jeffrey schulman, and jules shteierman discriminated against a patient because of his hiv status. the dentists appealed to the states's supreme court appellate division after they were ordered by the state division of human rights to pay compensatory damages. dr. anker referred the hiv-positive patient to a medical center because that hospit ...	1997	11364414
state court finds insufficient proof that dentist discriminated.	dr. lloyd lasser appealed the decision made by the new york state division of human rights to pay $10,000 in compensatory damages to a woman who said she was denied care because she was hiv-positive. lasser appealed the decision, claiming that he was exempt because the human rights act did not cover his private dental practice. the supreme court's appellate division subsequently agreed that he should not be held liable for hiv discrimination. the appellate division determined that lasser did not ...	1997	11364176
n.y. court says dentists may not refuse patients with hiv.	the new york state court of appeals reversed two lower court rulings that would have exempted health care professionals in private practice from a state law barring discrimination based on hiv status. patients who are denied care based on their hiv status by a private dentist or doctor can seek money damages in state court. previously, patients could only sue in federal court under the americans with disabilities act (ada). the ruling reverses decisions by the state supreme court's appellate div ...	1996	11364078
clinton asks court to rule against assisted suicide.	the u.s. supreme court has been urged by the clinton administration to overturn two appeals court rulings that bar states from enforcing laws that prohibit doctor-assisted suicide. solicitor general walter dellinger asked the court to reverse rulings by the 2nd and 9th u.s. circuit court of appeals blocking new york and washington states from arresting doctors who hasten the death of patients. in both cases, the plaintiff included people with aids and their caregivers. president clinton previous ...	1996	11364057
court frees man with aids who faced jail for break-in.	the broome county court in new york dismissed the indictment of an intruder with aids, and the supreme court's appellate division concurred. alberto wong was heavily intoxicated when he entered an apartment, rifled through a cassette collection, and then departed. when prosecutors learned he had a prior felony record, they insisted he serve a prison term. the appeals panel agreed that wong would not survive the minimum jail time for the offense. the court also took into consideration the fact th ...	1996	11363563
landlords to pay $125,000 for abusing gay tenant with hiv.	a new york city couple, louis and dorothea rosasco, must pay edward l. baca $125,000 for trying to force him from their apartment because he is gay and hiv-positive. the rosacos used an 18-month campaign of abuse and harassment, including disabling baca's door locks, turning off his electricity, and threatening to force him out into the street. they denounced baca in public and expressed their wish that he develop aids and die a painful death. baca filed a complaint with the human rights commiss ...	1996	11363497
court says dentists not liable for hiv-based discrimination.	a state appeals court ruled that under new york law, a dentist's office is not considered a place of public accommodation. the court dismissed a citation issued by the division of human rights against dr. jeffrey l. schulman, whose associate, dr. edward anker, refused to provide dental care to an hiv-positive patient. the court ruled that private dental offices cannot be construed as clinics and are therefore exempt from human-rights laws prohibiting disability-based discrimination.	1996	11363474
alcohol crisis center prevails in hiv discrimination complaint.	the supreme court's appellate division, fourth department overturned a determination made by the new york state commissioner of human rights. initially, the commissioner found that staff at the rescue mission alliance's lydia center in syracuse, ny, discriminated against a prospective patient when they refused to admit her for treatment unless she turned over her hiv medications. the alliance's lydia center, an alcohol crisis center, requires client's to turn in all of their medications. the cou ...	1996	11363292
[jesus lebron: an interview with the man who threw water at reverend ruben diaz].	jesus lebron, a gay political activist and person living with aids, had a battle with the new york city civilian complaint review board (ccrb). the agency was created to monitor allegations of police brutality and discrimination against minority groups. it is made up of asian-americans, latins, and gay and lesbian activists. beginning in the winter of 1993-94, rev. ruben diaz, a member of the ccrb, expressed publicly his aids-phobic philosophy. the gay and lesbian american (gla) group sent prote ...	1995	11363217
man regarded as being gay may pursue aids bias claim.	paul cheung, a canadian citizen, and his son edmond cheung, an american citizen, sued the merrill lynch investment firm for violating new york state and new york city human rights statutes. the statutes prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability or perceived disability. the cheung's claim that branch manager mr. frank sullivan refused to provide investment services because the elder cheung appears to be a homosexual, is a canadian citizen, and might be infected with hiv. the cheung's als ...	1996	11363180
man with hiv hopes to reclaim canceled policy.	a u.s. district judge in new york refused to rule in the case of berkshire life insurance co. v. owens, sending the case to a jury trial. berkshire life insurance co. sought a court order to void a policy for richard owens, stating that owens did not disclose his hiv status when applying for reinstatement. owens claims that although he was hiv-positive when he completed the application, he felt healthy. because his hiv-antibody test was administered by a counselor, and not a physician, owens con ...	1996	11363165
extreme precautions seen as justifiable at the time.	the new york court of appeals has upheld a dental clinic's decision to exercise extreme precautions while treating a patient thought to be hiv-positive. in october 1985, patient david martell visited the north shore university hospital dental clinic for a root canal. when dr. steven wald, the chief resident at the hospital, suspected that martell was gay and might be hiv-positive, he consulted other physicians who convinced him to interrogate martell to determine his sexual orientation. followin ...	1995	11362948
court says dentist's office isn't a public accommodation.	in september 1995, the new york supreme court, second district, reversed a decision made by the division of human rights for a dentist to pay a patient $10,000 in compensatory damages. the agency ruled that disability-based discrimination is prohibited in places of public accommodation. the state supreme court, however, found that dental offices are not places of public accommodation as defined by the state human rights law. the division of human rights plans to appeal the ruling to the new york ...	1995	11362946
los angeles, new york, stanford university: hby 097, new drug may weaken hiv.	a three-month human trial will be conducted in los angeles, new york, and san francisco, to test a new drug, hby 097. in laboratory tests, hby 097 has weakened hiv. volunteers will begin a regimen of either hby 097, azt, or the combination. the study will measure all mutations that develop in the hiv reverse transcriptase enzyme. participants must have a cd4 count between 200 and 500, and have not received any approved hiv treatment before.	1995	11362877
worker's decision to arbitrate doesn't halt state's investigation.	the new york supreme court appellate division dismissed a motion filed by anker management corp. to block an investigation being conducted by the state division of human rights into the company's employment practices. an anker employee had filed an administrative complaint with the division of human rights, charging that he had been fired after he informed his supervisor that he would need to be hospitalized for treatment of hiv disease. during the public hearing, anker was granted an injunction ...	1995	11362641
gay man gets chance to prove he was infected by ex-partner.	a new york appeals court has reinstated portions of a lawsuit filed by jose plaza, who claimed he contracted hiv after his domestic partner lied to him about his seropositivity. the case is one of a handful of lawsuits alleging negligent transmission of hiv, but is typical of what happens in the absence of wills declaring a domestic partner's share of an estate. in 1986 plaza engaged in a monogamous relationship with scott a. wisser. he said wisser had assured him he had never had high-risk sexu ...	1995	11362520
n.y. facility fined $75,000 for isolating patient for nine months.	the new york state division of human rights has fined marcus garvey nursing home and its administrator $75,000 after the home placed a stroke patient with hiv in isolation for more than nine months. anthony frazier was placed in confinement after being persuaded to be tested for and found to be positive for hiv antibodies. officials at the nursing home argued that the confinement was to protect frazier from opportunistic infections he could acquire from other patients. frazier's isolation ended ...	1995	11362500
judge upholds closing of theater that was site of high-risk sex.	new york city's decision to close a gay movie theater where inspectors found male patrons engaging in unsafe sexual activity with other men was upheld by justice marilyn g. diamond of the supreme court in manhattan. she rejected the theater owner's argument that the city's march 31, 1995 closure of the new david cinema on west 54th street violated the constitution's guarantee of freedom of speech. the city based its action on a provision in the state health code which prohibits oral, anal or vag ...	1995	11362494
[a day in the world of aids].	world aids day, celebrated on december 1, was designed to create global consciousness about the magnitude of the epidemic, and the issues and problems those affected face every day. in new york city, various community agencies united to send a message to mayor guliani. the message was that, for those living with aids, a cut in funding is not a question of quality of life, but of life or death. aids sufferers are humans who are loved and respected. the names of thousands of victims of aids were r ...	2006	11362476
influenza a among patients with human immunodeficiency virus: an outbreak of infection at a residential facility in new york city.	although annual influenza vaccination is recommended for persons who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), data are limited regarding the epidemiology of influenza or the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in this population. we investigated a 1996 outbreak of infection with influenza a at a residential facility for persons with aids. we interviewed 118 residents and employees, reviewed 65 resident medical records, and collected serum samples for measurement of influenza anti ...	2001	11360221
the west nile virus: its recent emergence in north america.	west nile fever emerged in new york in the summer of 1999 when seven people, several horses and thousands of wild birds died. it was soon established that the human disease and the mortality of birds were related. continued surveillance detected west nile virus in mosquitoes, birds, horses, small mammals, bats and humans, and has shown its spread to several northeastern states. these events confirm the establishment of west nile virus endemically in the united states.	2001	11358716
regular outpatient medical and drug abuse care and subsequent hospitalization of persons who use illicit drugs.	patients and the public could benefit from identification of factors that prevent drug users' heavy reliance on inpatient care; however, optimal health care delivery models for illicit drug users remain ill-defined.	2001	11343483
detection of arboviral rna directly from mosquito homogenates by reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are important human pathogens medically. the development of an effective technique to detect the viruses by using nucleic acid amplification, such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr), improves not only clinical diagnosis but also virologic surveillance of mosquito vectors in the field. in this study, the development of an improved and simplified assay is described for detection of mosquitoes infected with eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus, cache va ...	2001	11337046
pilot study of expedited hiv-1 testing of women in labor at an inner-city hospital in new york city.	to evaluate the feasibility of offering voluntary counseling and expedited human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) testing to women in labor, and to assess the characteristics of two rapid hiv assays compared with results from an expedited standard enzyme immunoassay (eia), with western blot confirmation, as indicated, we undertook a pilot study immediately prior to enactment of new york state regulations (august 1999) requiring expedited testing of laboring women (or newborns) with undocumented hiv ...	2001	11321245
aedes (finlaya) japonicus (diptera: culicidae), a newly recognized mosquito in the united states: analyses of genetic variation in the united states and putative source populations.	introduction of potential disease vectors into a new geographic area poses health risks to local human, livestock, and wildlife populations. it is therefore important to gain understanding of the dynamics of these invasions, in particular its sources, modes of spread after the introduction, and vectorial potential. we studied the population genetics of aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald), an asian mosquito that was recognized for the first time in the united states in 1998. we examine ...	2001	11296814
neonatal size of low socio-economic status black and white term births in albany county, nys.	birth weight has long been a focus of study by epidemiologists and human biologists, because it reflects the quality of the intrauterine environment and may be used as a predictor of future growth and development. comparisons of black and white neonates in the usa have consistently shown differences in birth weight. confounding variables are a major problem in any such investigation, especially socio-economic status which is highly correlated with race in the usa. this study was distinctive in t ...	2001	11293725
erroneously low or undetectable plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ribonucleic acid load, determined by polymerase chain reaction, in west african and american patients with non-b subtype hiv-1 infection.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) ribonucleic acid (rna) inadequately quantitates virus load for some non-b hiv-1 subtypes because of genetic diversity in the gag region targeted by the pcr primers. unexpectedly low or undetectable plasma hiv-1 rna findings by pcr were a clue to non-b hiv-1 infections in patients in whom plasma hiv-1 rna was found to be substantially higher when determined by a branched-chain deoxyribonucleic acid as ...	2001	11283814
homo erectus newyorkensis: an indonesian fossil rediscovered in manhattan sheds light on the middle phase of human evolution.		2001	11275967
tb prevention in hiv clinics in new york city.	ten hospital-based human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinics in new york city.	2001	11258505
human herpesvirus 8 infection and kaposi's sarcoma among human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected women.	little is known about the epidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) infections among women. a cross-sectional study was conducted of hhv-8 infection among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and high-risk hiv-uninfected women. serological tests with noninduced (latent) and induced (lytic) hhv-8 antigens were used to detect infection among 2483 participants of a multisite cohort. reactivity to latent antigen was present in 4.1% and to induced antigens in 12.0% of women. seven of 8 women ...	2001	11237842
from the centers for disease control and prevention. human rabies--california, georgia, minnesota, new york and wisconsin, 2000.		2001	11236749
association of silicofluoride treated water with elevated blood lead.	previous epidemiological studies have associated silicofluoride-treated community water with enhanced child blood lead parameters. chronic, low-level dosage of silicofluoride (sif) has never been adequately tested for health effects in humans. we report here on a statistical study of 151,225 venous blood lead (vbl) tests taken from children ages 0-6 inclusive, living in 105 communities of populations from 15,000 to 75,000. the tests are part of a sample collected by the new york state department ...	2000	11233755
cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower new york state.	cryptosporidium, an enteric parasite of humans and a wide range of other mammals, presents numerous challenges to the supply of safe drinking water. we performed a wildlife survey, focusing on white-tailed deer and small mammals, to assess whether they may serve as environmental sources of cryptosporidium. a pcr-based approach that permitted genetic characterization via sequence analysis was applied to wildlife fecal samples (n = 111) collected from september 1996 to july 1998 from three areas i ...	2001	11229905
beyond therapy: bringing social work back to human services reform.	based on field interviews in a chicago community development corporation and settlement houses in new york city and st. louis, as well as interviews with leading social services innovators and social work educators, this article explores the intersection of current social work practice and human services innovation. the article offers a rationale and a blueprint for a reorientation of social work's "helping relationship," reviews a number of promising innovations and strategies that may help the ...	2001	11217494
serosurveys for west nile virus infection--new york and connecticut counties, 2000.	in 2000, 21 persons were reported with acute illness attributed to west nile virus (wnv) infection; 19 were hospitalized with encephalitis or meningitis. of the 21, 10 resided in the staten island borough (richmond county) of new york city. other ill persons resided in nine other counties--kings (brooklyn), new york (manhattan), and queens counties in new york; hudson, passaic, monmouth, morris, and bergen counties in new jersey; and fairfield county in connecticut. because ill persons represent ...	2001	11215880
allelic variants of human beta-chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) promoter: evolutionary relationships and predictable associations with hiv-1 disease progression.	variability in the natural history of hiv-1 infection has been repeatedly associated with genetic variants in the beta-chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) locus. while ccr5 coding sequences have demonstrated relatively limited variation, sequences of its promoter appear polymorphic in all major populations. our studies revealed five major ccr5 promoter alleles with distributions that differed widely among the four distinct ethnic groups from kigali, rwanda and bronx, new york. in particular, promoter al ...	1999	11197301
outbreaks of clinical mastitis caused by trichosporon beigelii in dairy herds.	trichosporon beigelii is widely distributed in nature and is classically associated with white piedra, a mycosis that may involve the hair of the human body. intramammary infections caused by t beigelii may be fatal in cows; the prevalence in affected dairy herds may be high. affected cows may have hyperthermia, swelling of the udder, and substantially decreased milk production or agalactia. intramammary infections caused by yeast, including t beigelii, may also be associated with high bacterial ...	2001	11195831
new york city pharmacists' attitudes toward sale of needles/syringes to injection drug users before implementation of law expanding syringe access.	in may 2000, new york state passed legislation permitting the sale, purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes (hereafter "syringes") without a prescription, intended to reduce blood-borne pathogen transmission among injection drug users (idus). to obtain baseline data on pharmacists' attitudes and practices related to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) prevention and idus, a telephone survey was administered to 130 pharmacists systematically selected in new york city. less than h ...	2000	11194317
new york state pharmacists' attitudes toward needle and syringe sales to injection drug users before implementation of syringe deregulation.	in may 2000, new york state passed legislation permitting the sale, purchase, and possession of up to 10 needles and syringes without a prescription. the law is intended to reduce the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis among injection drug users (idus), their sexual partners, and their children. to obtain baseline information about the attitudes and likely practices of new york state pharmacists, we distributed a self-administered questionnaire to attendees of the s ...	2000	11194316
reasons given for disclosure of maternal hiv status to children.	the purpose of this investigation was to ascertain the reasons given by mothers diagnosed with aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) for disclosing or not disclosing their hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) status to their children, a dilemma faced by most hiv-infected parents and those who counsel them. we interviewed 29 mothers residing in one of two new york city facilities that provide housing and medical treatment for adults with aids. the majority of these mothers do not live with thei ...	2000	11194312
performance measures of cultural competency in mental health organizations.	the authors utilized numerous documents created by advisory groups, expert panels and multicultural focus groups to develop performance measures for assessing the cultural competency of mental health systems. competency was measured within three levels of organizational structure: administrative, provider network, and individual caregiver. indicators, measures and data sources for needs assessment, information exchange, services, human resources, plans and policies, and outcomes were identified. ...	2000	11194126
"who knows the power of his bones". reburial redux.	this paper discusses the repatriation of human remains to indigenous peoples in australia and the united states and the role anthropologists play in the construction of past, present, and future identities for contemporary indigenous peoples. using examples from both countries, i suggest that many of the participants at the reburials, and in the events leading up to them, were not only reburying their dead ancestors and addressing religious concerns, but were also redeeming past social injustice ...	2000	11193020
west nile viral encephalitis.	west nile virus (wnv) has emerged in recent years in temperate regions of europe and north america, presenting a threat to both public and animal health. the most serious manifestation of infection is fatal encephalitis in humans and horses, as well as mortality in certain domestic and wild birds. a recent development in the epizootiology of this mosquito-borne flavivirus was the occurrence of a severe outbreak in new york city and surrounding areas. during this outbreak, mortality was observed ...	2000	11189714
prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 4 mosaicism.	trisomy 4 mosaicism is rare. to our knowledge only two cases of prenatally diagnosed trisomy 4 mosaicism have been reported. one case resulted in a normal liveborn male, the other resulted in an abnormal liveborn female. the karyotype of our case at the time of amniocentesis was 47,xy,+4[3]/ 46,xy[33] and resulted in a normal liveborn male. fish analysis using an alpha satellite chromosome 4 probe was performed to confirm the cytogenetic findings. follow-up chromosome analysis of cord blood, per ...	2000	11186894
infectious disease. the enigma of west nile. .	fifteen months after the 1999 outbreak of west nile virus in new york city, which sickened 62 mostly elderly people and killed seven, scientists are still hard pressed to predict how abundant the virus will eventually become or how serious a public health threat it will pose. this summer, the human toll has been relatively mild, with just 18 cases and one death. but the virus has been found in more than 60 bird species and about a dozen mammals; in a little more than a year, it has spread to 11 ...	2000	11185500
lessons from the original 'eden'.		2000	11182956
correlates of partner violence among female street-based sex workers: substance abuse, history of childhood abuse, and hiv risks.	this study examines the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse by intimate and commercial sexual partners among street-based sex workers and explores correlates of partner abuse by commercial partners using the following factors: sociodemographics, substance abuse, sexual behavior, and physical and sexual childhood abuse. one hundred thirteen street sex workers were recruited from december 1996 through may 1997 while receiving services from the foundations for research on sexually transmitted d ...	2001	11177587
[west nile virus (wnv) encephalitis].	a disease on the come back: west nile encephalitis has been known since the thirties. it generally occurs in africa and western asia, rarely in europe. the disease has disappeared from france since 1960, but has reappeared in the united states and in israel. a severe viral infection: west nile encephalitis is caused by a flavivirus. after 2 to 15 days incubation, the patient experiences fever, headache, diffuse pain, and sometimes skin rash. disorientation, stiff neck, convulsions and paralysis ...	2000	11155732
expedited human immunodeficiency virus testing of mothers and newborns with unknown hiv status at time of labor and delivery.	new york state introduced the first statewide program in the u.s. of expedited hiv testing (48-hour turn-around results) of mothers with unknown hiv status at the time of labor or delivery and their newborns on august 1, 1999. we evaluated the results of this program during its first 5 months at lincoln medical and mental health center (lincoln hospital) in the bronx, new york. there were 1,274 total live birth deliveries between august 1 and december 31, 1999. the hiv infection status of 539 mo ...	2000	11155432
health care is a right.		2000	11143718
emergence of domestically acquired ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections associated with ampc beta-lactamase.	ceftriaxone, an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin, is an antimicrobial agent commonly used to treat severe salmonella infections, especially in children. ceftriaxone-resistant salmonella infections have recently been reported in the united states, but the extent of the problem is unknown.	2000	11135779
field evaluation of deet and a piperidine repellent against aedes communis (diptera: culicidae) and simulium venustum (diptera: simuliidae) in the adirondack mountains of new york.	repellent efficacy of n,n-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), the piperidine, 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine (ai3-37220), and a 1:1 ratio of deet + ai3-37220 were evaluated topically (0.25 mg/cm2 applied in ethanol solution) on human volunteers against the mosquito aedes communis (degeer) and the black fly simulium venustum say. the average repellency of all three formulations was > 95% at 4 h. for both mosquitoes and black flies, deet alone provided < 90% protection at 6 h, whe ...	2000	11126550
differential risk perceptions for unintended pregnancy, stds, and hiv/aids among urban adolescents: some preliminary findings.	two pilot studies tested the hypothesis that adolescents perceive differential risks for unintended pregnancy (up), sexually transmitted diseases (stds), and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids). the 1st study used a college sample consisting of 14 adolescents (21 years or younger) and 64 adults (over 21) who rated the likelihood that they and others would experience 15 health problems. the 2nd study used a community sample of 48 adolescents between 16 and ...	2000	11117100
serving street-dwelling individuals with psychiatric disabilities: outcomes of a psychiatric rehabilitation clinical trial.	this study tested a psychiatric rehabilitation approach for organizing and delivering services to street-dwelling persons with severe mental illness.	2000	11111259
update: west nile virus activity--eastern united states, 2000.	data reported to cdc through the west nile virus (wnv) surveillance system have shown an increase in the geographic range of wnv activity in 2000 compared with 1999, the first year that wnv was reported in the western hemisphere. in response to this occurrence of wnv, 17 states along the atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city, and the district of columbia conducted wnv surveillance, which included monitoring mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e ...	2000	11105767
breast cancer risk in relation to adipose concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in long island, new york.	to assess a possible etiological role of organochlorine compounds in breast cancer development on long island, a high-risk region of new york state, concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were measured in the adipose tissue of 232 women with breast cancer and 323 hospital controls admitted to surgery for benign breast disease or non-breast-related conditions. seven pesticide residues and 14 pcb congeners were assayed via a supercritical fluid extraction ...	2000	11097233
a multi-state outbreak of tuberculosis among members of a highly mobile social network: implications for tuberculosis elimination.	baltimore, maryland.	2000	11092720
network-related mechanisms may help explain long-term hiv-1 seroprevalence levels that remain high but do not approach population-group saturation.	in many cities, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 seroprevalence among drug injectors stabilizes at 30-70% for many years without secondary outbreaks that increase seroprevalence by 15% or more. the authors considered how hiv-1 incidence can remain moderate at seroprevalence levels that would give maximum incidence. previously suggested answers include behavioral risk reduction and network saturation within high-risk subgroups. among 767 drug injectors studied in 1991-1993, during a period of ...	2000	11092433
control of influenza a on a bone marrow transplant unit.	in january 1998, an outbreak of influenza a occurred on our adult bone marrow transplant unit. aggressive infection control measures were instituted to halt further nosocomial spread. a new, more rigorous approach was implemented for the 1998/99 influenza season and was extremely effective in preventing nosocomial influenza at our institution.	2000	11089659
patient safety in america: comparison and analysis of national and texas patient safety research.	the institute of medicine (iom) report on patient safety in late 1999, to err is human, attracted great national attention when it announced that 44,000 to 98,000 patients die each year in american hospitals because of patient safety problems and that a patient safety crisis exists in american health care and american hospitals. the report relied heavily on a harvard group's study of hospital care in new york in 1984 and another harvard group's study of hospital care in utah and colorado in 1992 ...	2000	11070738
transfusion errors in new york state: an analysis of 10 years' experience.	while public focus is on the risk of infectious disease from the blood supply, transfusion errors also contribute significantly to adverse outcomes. this study characterizes such errors.	2000	11061857
after the drinking stops: completed suicide in individuals with remitted alcohol use disorders.	a substantial minority of suicide victims have remitted alcohol use disorders. the authors hypothesized that psychiatric disorders are likely to be present in this group to create the necessary conditions for suicide. they compared suicide victims with active alcohol use disorders and those with remitted alcohol use disorders. using data on a community sample of suicide victims (n=141), it was determined that 39% (n=55) had a history of alcohol misuse. these subjects were categorized by alcohol ...	2000	11061685
sex trading and psychological distress in a street-based sample of low-income urban men.	this article examines the relationship between sex trading and psychological distress and assesses sexual human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors and hiv seroprevalence in a sample of young men recruited from the streets of harlem. the authors interviewed 477 men, aged 18 to 29 years, of whom 43 (9.0%) had received money or drugs in exchange for sex in the preceding 30 days and were categorized as sex traders. psychological distress was measured by using the brief symptom inventory (bs ...	2000	11061676
late middle-aged and older men living with hiv/aids: race differences in coping, social support, and psychological distress.	although aids mental health research has recently devoted more attention to the psychosocial needs of older adults living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease, studies of this population have typically combined older african-american and white participants into one large sample, thereby neglecting potential race differences. the current study examined race differences in stressor burden, ways of coping, social support, and psychological distress among late middle-aged and older men li ...	2000	11052457
influenza outbreak detection and control measures in nursing homes in the united states.	to evaluate the use of influenza vaccine, rapid influenza testing, and influenza antiviral medication in nursing homes in the us to prevent and control outbreaks.	2000	11037020
human error in hospitals and industrial accidents: current concepts.	most data concerning errors and accidents are from industrial accidents and airline injuries. general electric, alcoa, and motorola, among others, all have reported complex programs that resulted in a marked reduction in frequency of worker injuries. in the field of medicine, however, with the outstanding exception of anesthesiology, there is a paucity of information, most reports referring to the 1984 harvard-new york state study, more than 16 years ago. this scarcity of information indicates t ...	2000	11030247
the length of time necessary to break even after converting to digital mammography.	the cost differences between film-based mammography (fbm) and digital mammography (dm) were estimated after discussions with hospital personnel and industry representatives. human resource costs were not included. the fixed cost of fbm per machine was estimated to be $50,000 and the variable cost $4.60 per examination. the fixed cost of dm per machine was estimated to be $102,000 and the variable cost $0.10 per examination. the total number of examinations required to break even was therefore 11 ...	2000	11027123
from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: newborn screening for sickle cell disease--california, illinois, and new york, 1998.		2000	11023385
self-esteem and optimism in men and women infected with hiv.	self-esteem and optimism have been associated with appraisal and outcomes in a variety of situations. the degree to which the contribution of self-esteem and optimism to outcomes over time is accounted for by the differences in threat (primary) or resource (secondary) appraisal has not been established in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).	2000	11009121
routine analysis of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in human serum by parallel dual-column gas chromatography with electron capture detection.	polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) exposure has been linked to a variety of toxic effects in animal experiments and in certain human case reports and epidemiologic studies. a total of 209 individual pcb congeners are possible, based on chlorination level and ring substitution pattern. commercial pcbs are a complex mixture of congeners, and over 75 of these have been reported to be present in human tissues at widely varying levels. because the biologic activity of individual pcbs is a function of ext ...	2000	10999346
apolipoprotein e variation at the sequence haplotype level: implications for the origin and maintenance of a major human polymorphism.	three common protein isoforms of apolipoprotein e (apoe), encoded by the epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 alleles of the apoe gene, differ in their association with cardiovascular and alzheimer's disease risk. to gain a better understanding of the genetic variation underlying this important polymorphism, we identified sequence haplotype variation in 5.5 kb of genomic dna encompassing the whole of the apoe locus and adjoining flanking regions in 96 individuals from four populations: blacks from j ...	2000	10986041
the effects of increasing incentives on adherence to tuberculosis directly observed therapy.	six new york state department of health tuberculosis (tb) directly observed therapy (dot) programs in public, private and community facilities in new york city.	2000	10985655
ribavirin inhibits west nile virus replication and cytopathic effect in neural cells.	west nile virus (wnv) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that was reported for the first time in the western hemisphere in august 1999, when an encephalitis outbreak in new york city resulted in 62 clinical cases and 7 deaths. wnv, for which no antiviral therapy has been described, was recently recovered from a pool of mosquitoes collected in new york city. in anticipation of the recurrence of wnv during the summer of 2000, an analysis was made of the efficacy of the nucleoside analogue riba ...	2000	10979920
involving women in hiv vaccine efficacy trials: lessons learned from a vaccine preparedness study in new york city.	this paper identifies the recruitment strategies and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) risk behaviors of at-risk women in an hiv vaccine preparedness study in new york city, assesses how these behaviors changed over time, and draws implications for women's involvement in hiv vaccine efficacy trials. noninjecting hiv-1 negative women (n = 89) were recruited into an hiv vaccine preparedness study. an observational cohort study design was used. women were recruited from clinics and community-based ...	2000	10976615
pretest assessment as a component of safer sex intervention: a pilot study of brief one-session interventions for women partners of male injection drug users in new york city.	this pilot study evaluated whether brief safer sex interventions for women partners of male injection drug users significantly influenced perceptions of partner risk, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) knowledge, correct condom usage, and self-reported consistent safer sex (abstinence or 100% of vaginal-penile intercourse acts protected by male or female condoms). the study also examined the impact of pretest assessment on those variables since pretest assessment may challenge participants' curr ...	2000	10976612
drug injection rates and needle-exchange use in new york city, 1991-1996.	objectives included (1) to develop methods for identifying injection drug users with accelerating injection habits so they might be referred to counseling and treatment and (2) to investigate behavioral correlates of accelerating injection habits, including syringe-exchange program utilization. data on drug use, enrollment in methadone maintenance, and demographic variables were obtained from 328 subjects who were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who attended anywhere from 4 t ...	2000	10976610
tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and human immunodeficiency virus-exposed children in new york city. the new york city pediatric spectrum of hiv disease consortium.	tuberculosis disease incidence increased sharply in new york city (nyc) in the late 1980s in children and adults. the relationship of tuberculosis disease in adults with the coincident epidemic of immunosuppression caused by hiv disease has been well-documented. this paper examines the relationship of tuberculosis and hiv in children in nyc.	2000	10959736
update: west nile virus activity--northeastern united states, january-august 7, 2000.	surveillance programs initiated in response to the 1999 west nile virus (wnv) outbreak have detected increased transmission in the northeastern united states (1). seventeen states along the atlantic and gulf coasts, new york city (nyc), and washington, d.c., have conducted wnv surveillance and are reporting to cdc (1). surveillance for wnv infection includes monitoring of mosquitoes, sentinel chicken flocks, wild birds, and potentially susceptible mammals (e.g., horses and humans) (2). this repo ...	2000	10958587
$28 million dhhs grant for diabetes care goes to columbia university.		2000	10947507
[imported viral infections in international travel; from the virtual to real epidemiology of pandemics].	viruses have become more mobile alongside with increasing human mobility and speed of travel. at the same time we get access to information on viral outbreaks and epidemics from large parts of the world faster than ever before. two recent epidemics will be presented to explore the value and the consequences of communicating epidemiological information through the internet. the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic procedures and prophylaxis of imported viral infections are presented. risk ...	2000	10943100